Research Resources
Research ResourcesThere are several lines of research within the CBS community at all levels including basic, analog and applied. As such, there are a number of resources to aid you in conducting research in ACT/RFT and Contextual Behavioral Science.
We also have compiled several summaries of existing ACT/RFT research to make consuming the research simpler for you.
Research Groups
In addition to the resources below, there are several formal and informal groups of folks conducting research on particular topics, within clinical practice, and in basic and applied RFT. Whether you are interested in conducting research on your own or in a research lab there are often opportunities to collaborate with others in your area of interest. Formally, there are several Special Interest Groups (SIGs) being created, with members all over the world. (For example, there is a Research in Clinical Practice Collaborative SIG.) Informally, folks often share research ideas and tips for developing projects.
If you have an interest in developing a research group or a place to share ideas, consider contacting others with similar interests, networking, or start creating a Special Interest Group. A good place to start is by emailing the ACT for Professionals and RFT listservs or colleagues who may have similar interests or check out the research labs and academic training page for information about research interests.
Please be sure to also check out the RFT sections of the site.
State of the ACT Evidence
State of the ACT EvidenceThe CBS tradition is committed to a high standard of empirical evaluation. This includes not just controlled assessment and evaluations of outcomes but also the specification and evaluation moderations and of the putative processes of change. Furthermore, we also seek to understand the links between these processes of change and basic functional behavioral and evolutionary science principles, including those drawn from RFT. As the best known applied wing of CBS, all of these features are important to ACT research.
One web page is unable to collect together the growing evidence for all of the above areas at one time point or to keep it up to date going forward. More modestly, the three sections below aim to provide information on:
1. Organizations that describe ACT, or areas of ACT, as evidence based
2. Links to peer reviewed assessments of the ACT evidence base including evidence on measures and processes of change
3. Links to various summaries of particular kinds of research
This page is normally updated every month. The date of last update: August 2021. If you are aware of missing data, please contact the ACBS staff: acbsstaff@contextualscience.org or send a note to missing.studies@gmail.com
1. Organizations that describe ACT, or areas of ACT, as evidence based:
A number of different organizations, external to ACBS, have stated that ACT is empirically supported in certain areas or as a whole according to their standards. These include:
i. The World Health Organization
Pain (Children and Adolescents) - WHO lists ACT as empirically supported ("moderate certainty") in the reduction of functional disability in children and adolescents with chronic pain (click here for the report).
Based on several successful randomized trials it conducted with South Sudanese and Syrian war refugees, WHO also now distributes ACT-based self-help for free in 21 languages and says on its website that ACT self-help is good for “anyone who experiences stress, wherever they live, and whatever their circumstances.” (click here for the free program)
ii. American Psychological Association, Society of Clinical Psychology (Div. 12), Research Supported Psychological Treatments:
Chronic Pain - Strong Research Support
Depression - Modest Research Support
Mixed anxiety - Modest Research Support
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder - Modest Research Support
Psychosis - Modest Research Support
For more information on what the "modest" and "strong" labels mean, click here
iii. California Evidence-Based Clearinghouse for Child Welfare (click here for the report)
Depression Treatment (Adult) - Scientific Rating 1 (Well Supported by Research Evidence)
iv. U.S. Dept of Veterans Affairs / U.S. Dept of Defence (click here for the report)
Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Major Depressive Disorder
v. US Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs (click here for the report)
ACT for Partner Aggression: Evidence Rating: Effective
vi. Washington State Institute for Public Policy - WSIPP systematically assesses all high-quality studies from the United States and elsewhere to identify evidence based policy options that have been tested and found to achieve improvements in outcomes.
Schizophrenia/psychosis
Adult anxiety
Children with anxiety
Children with depression
vii. Title IV-E U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Prevention Services Clearinghouse (under review, 2021: mental health; substance use).
viii. SAMHSA's National Registry of Evidence-based Programs and Practices, ACT, last review July 2010. (NREPP has since been shut down, so this will not be updated unfortunately)
ix. The UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
Pain - NICE recommends ACT for people aged 16 years and over with chronic primary pain. (click here for the full report).
Tinnitus - NICE recommends group-based ACT for tinnitus-related distress. (click here for the full report).
x. Australian Psychological Society, Evidence Based Psychological Interventions in the Treatment of Mental Disorders (2018):
Adults
Anxiety disorders - Generalised anxiety disorder – Level II Evidence
Anxiety disorders - Social anxiety disorder – Level II Evidence
Anxiety disorders - Panic disorder – Level II Evidence
Borderline personality disorder – Level II Evidence
Depression – Level II Evidence
Hypochondriasis – Level II Evidence
Obsessive compulsive disorder – Level II Evidence
Pain Disorders – Level II Evidence
Psychotic disorders – Level II Evidence
Substance use disorders – Level II Evidence
Binge eating disorder – Level IV Evidence
Body dysmorphic disorder – Level IV Evidence
Children (age 10-14 years)
Pain Disorders – Level II Evidence
xi. Netherlands Institute of Psychologists: Sections of Neuropsychology and Rehabilitation, Richtlijn Neuropsychologie Revalidate (2017)
The Netherlands Institute of Psychologists (NIP) recommends ACT for patients with MS with depressive symptoms
xii. Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (RIVM) (2020)
The Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and Environment (RIVM) states "Voluit Leven" has strong evidence of effectiveness and is primarily intended for adults with mild to moderate depression symptoms. The intervention "Voluit Leven" is based on Acceptance & Commitment Therapy and has been spatially researched and found to be effective both nationally and internationally.
xiii. Sweden Association of Physiotherapists,Fysioterapi Profession och vetenskap (2016)
The Swedish Association of Physiotherapy (physical therapy) includes ACT as a physiotherapeutic theory and practice in the definition of the profession.
xiv. American Headache Society, The American Headache Society Consensus Statement: Update on integrating new migraine treatments into clinical practice (2021)
2. Peer reviewed assessments of the ACT evidence base
A list of meta-analyses, systematic or narrative reviews of the ACT evidence base, either overall or in specific areas, can be found here. (a child page to this webpage). The list is presented in reverse chronological order, by year of publication. There are now a handful of meta-analyses of meta-analyses (e.g., Gloster et al., 2020) -- a kind of a super summary. As of mid 2023, there are over 440 meta-analyses, systematic reviews, and narrative reviews on the list and it is growing very rapidly..
3. Mediational analyses
ACT is a process-oriented approach and the list of studies testing mediation or moderation is quite large. This list is rapidly growing. A partial list can be found here (a child page to this webpage). A recent review of the entire world's literature of successful mediational analyses of all forms of psychosocial intervention for mental health outcomes found that psychological flexibility (including closely related concepts such as mindfulness) accounted for well more than half of all replicated research findings (https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35863243/).
4. Qualitative Research
After the first three RCTs in the early 1980's ACT research turned toward transcript analysis and qualitative research. Examples are the first ACT dissertations done at the Univeristy of Nevada by Sue McCurry and Durriyah Khorakiwala. This work in turn lead to the first item set for the AAQ, and to the commonly used ACT adherence measures, in addition to the protocol described in the first ACT book in 1999. Thus qualitative work has been important in the ACT journey from the beginning.
Qualitative work is hard to do but it has continued throughout the ACT research program. Examples can be found here (a child page to this webpage). If you find any more send them to ACBS staff to add to the list.
5. ACT Randomized Controlled Trials
Click here for details of each of these ACT RCT studies, along with links to the original research articles. As of mid 2023 there are nearly 1,050 ACT randomized controlled trials.
Click here for the Snapshots of the ACT RCT Evidence Base subject guide (last updated December 2019). Updating this list becomes more difficult as the list expands rapidly but a team is working on a new and comprehensive summary which we hope will be available in late 2023.
6. Negative Findings
It is important to consider negative findings to learn from mistakes and to improve methods. For many years we have listed negative findings here on our website. See the daughter page to this page for examples, but look also at the meta-analysis page. There is clear evidence of moderation in several areas of research in which ACT is not at good as other methods with some persons and perhaps better than these same methods with other persons. It is also important to look over time to see if deficiencies grow or are ameliorated. Note the differences between non-superiority and outright negative findings. And consider the individual and look for studies that go beyond averages to carefully document for whom ACT methods are helpful and for whom they are not. Terms like "non-responders" will help dive into these issues more deeply.
ACT Randomized Controlled Trials (1986 to present)
ACT Randomized Controlled Trials (1986 to present)Last updated: October 2024
The intent of this list is to add all randomized controlled trials of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and its components that have appeared in the scientific literature, whether alone or in combination with other methods, under the label "ACT" or the closely related terms such as "Acceptance-based behavior therapy" or "mindfulness-acceptance-commitment" and so on, regardless of outcome, language, or country of origin. Only articles appearing in a scientific journal will be included in the list. Dissertations, theses, working papers, conference presentations, studies in book chapters, and so on are not listed until they appear in a scientific journal.
The following information will be provided about each study:
Trial area (main target and population; e.g., Social Anxiety). Trial conditions (e.g., ACT vs. wait list). Total number of participants (e.g., N=48).
APA reference.
DOI (digital object identifier) if available and/or link to full text of study if available.
The explosion of ACT research in the non-English speaking world over the last several years presents a challenge to indexing, especially in languages that are not fully indexed in Web of Science and similar outlets. At times there is an English abstract but it may lack needed details, or there is no English abstract at all. It has seemed best in those conditions simply to state in this list what can be gleaned from what is available. Beginning in Fall 2024 however we have been uploading non-English pdfs into Large Language Models. We are curating the LLMs to generate the information above for this list. The results are impressive so far, thus if readers need additional information, we encourage readers to consult the full article and have a trustworthy LLN translate it. The researcher can also be contacted of course.
Some of the world's literature is in very obscure journals. Due to the difficulty in locating these studies we are constantly updating this list and in the interests of efficiency we are no longer numbering individual studies. The yearly total and overall total are still listed, however. Occasionally an RCT is published in waves with different outcomes in specific articles. We include some of these below, but we only count an RCT once in the yearly and overall totals. That means you will see more entries on the list than are in the summary numbers. We've tried to find all the RCTs and to list the main outcomes paper, and we are pretty sure we've not counted any twice, but we've not put effort into finding every article published on a given RCT data set so you will have to use the usual search processes (e.g., looking at the studies that cited the main outcomes paper) to do that.
You can search for relevant studies on this list by entering a search term in your browser while looked at this page. The way to do that varies by type of computer and browser (e.g., on a Mac it's usually command-F). Do not enter a search term in the search box on this page - that will search the entire ACBS website.
If you are using this list to determine to what degree ACT is evidence-based in a particular area, please do not just count studies. Read them carefully, contact the authors, and consider their strengths and weaknesses. Every study, no matter how obscure, hard to find, or small, can add incrementally to our knowledge. You will see several hundred studies here from LMIC countries, and often questions are asked in an LMIC context that would never even occur to those in major Western academic medical centers studying WEIRD (Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic) populations only. Only about 11% of the world's population resides in WEIRD or higher income countries even though over 80% of the world's scientific literature comes from there (in psychology some estimates put that domination in the 90s!) and the citations of the world's literature can be that distorted or worse. The entire world benefits when all of us have a voice, and we've worked hard to find every study in part for that reason. If you want to consider whether ACT is evidence based in a given area, look at the meta-analyses and the systematic, scoping, or narrative reviews (go to bit.ly/ACTmetas), and consult the reviews of respected agencies (the World Health Organization; the NICE guidelines; the CDC; NREPP and so on), or do your own systematic review. You should also examine ACT failures (you can find a list here: https://contextualscience.org/negative_findings) and the moderators that suggest that other methods may be more helpful in some contexts. Consider processes of change, and more intensive idiographic studies, not just RCTs. Some of the other daughter pages of the "State of the Evidence" page (this very page is a daughter page of that main page) will help. The Task Force Report on the Strategies and Tactics of CBS Research will explain why these other kinds of studies are increasingly important to the CBS research agenda (the Task Force report is published in JCBS and is open access -- it is attached to this page for free downloading). Yes, the volume and breadth of randomized trials is worth noting, but mindlessly counting up RCTs is not the way to make good scientific or clinical decisions.
Note there are now studies of the content focus of the first 1,000 trials from this list: Hayes, S. C. & King, G. (2024). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: What the history of ACT and the first 1,000 randomized controlled trials reveal. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100809. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100809 and Sahdra, B., King, G., Payne, J., Ruiz, F. J., Kolahdouzan, S. A., Ciarrochi, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2024). Why research from lower- and middle-income countries matters to evidence-based intervention: A State of the Science review of ACT research as an example. Behavior Therapy. Doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.06.003.
If you've found an ACT RCT that is not on this list, please send a note to missing dot studies @ gmail.com. (the word "dot" is a period and take out spaces -- listing the address this way avoids spam). If it is at all possible, please attach a pdf of the study itself, and in the text of your email list the reference and all authors in an APA style reference, provide the DOI number, and suggest a header that lists the trial area (problem and population), conditions, and total number of participants, using the way studies are presented here as a guide. At the bottom of the page there are PowerPoint slides on these data and an Excel spreadsheet and Word document with the references -- if you are signed in as a member you can see them and you are free to download and use them.
Current Total Number of ACT RCTs Around the World: 1,162
In Press or 2024 (37)
Cocaine-negative urine drug screens for persons with cocaine addiction; ACT + contingency management vs drug counselling plus contingency management; non responders reallocated to modafinil vs placebo. N=118.
Schmitz, J. M., Stotts, A. L., Vujanovic, A. A., Yoon, J. H., Webber, H. E., Lane, S. D., ... & Green, C. E. (2024; in press). Contingency Management plus Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Initial Cocaine Abstinence: Results of a Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial (SMART). Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 111078.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111078
Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in subthreshold persons; iACT vs internet progressive relaxation; N=89.
Thompson, E. M., Albertella, L., Viskovich, S., Pakenham, K. I., & Fontenelle, L. F. (in press, 2024). Internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104595.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104595
Emotional pain. Acceptance followed by avoidance of pain sensations and thoughts vs. Avoidance followed by acceptance. N=88.
Konstantinou, P., Trigeorgi, A., Georgiou, C., Michaelides, M., Gloster, A.T., McHugh, L., Panayiotou, G., & Karekla, M. (2024). Coping with emotional pain: An experimental comparison of acceptance vs. avoidance coping. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100820.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100820
Distress in college students; web-based Trauma Informed ACT + peer coaching vs matched active control; N = 78
Ajayi, A. A., Schachter, J., Goblirsch, N., & Zhou, R. (2024; in press). Trauma-informed acceptance and commitment therapy with peer coaching for college students: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Counseling Psychology. Doi: 10.1037/cou0000767
Sexual satisfaction and quality of life in female breast cancer survivors, ACT vs psychoeducation, N = 70.
Haghighi, F. R., Bokaie, M., Sefidkar, R., & Enjezab, B. (2024). Sexual health counseling improves the sexual satisfaction of breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. Supportive Care in Cancer, 32(11), 768. Doi: 0.1007/s00520-024-08957-7
Quality of life in people with motor neuron disease; ACT + usual care vs. usual care. N=191.
Gould, R. L., McDermott, C. J., Thompson, B. J., Rawlinson, C. V., Bursnall, M., Bradburn, M., et al. (2024). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy plus usual care for improving quality of life in people with motor neuron disease (COMMEND): A multicentre, parallel, randomised controlled trial in the UK. The Lancet, 403(10442), 2381 - 2394.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00533-6
Symptoms of fibromyalgia; iACT vs. symptom monitoring and education. N=275.
Gendreau, R. M., McCracken, L. M., Williams, D. A., Luciano, J. V., Dai, Y., Vega, N., ... & Arnold, L. M. (2024). Self-guided digital behavioural therapy versus active control for fibromyalgia (PROSPER-FM): A phase 3, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet.
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00909-7
Gambling and depressive symptoms; internet CBT/MCT/MI/ACT vs wait list. N=243.
Rolvien, L., Buddeberg, L., Gehlenborg, J., Borsutzky, S., & Moritz, S. (2024). A Self-Guided Internet-Based Intervention for the Reduction of Gambling Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open, 7(6), e2417282.
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17282
Mental health among university students; iACT + peer support vs wait-list. N=107.
Grégoire, S., Beaulieu, F., Lachance, L., Bouffard, T., Vezeau, C. & Perreault, M. (in press). An online peer support program to improve mental health among university students: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of American College Health.
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2099224
Insomnia. Online group ACT vs online group CBT vs waitlist. N=227.
Rafihi-Ferreira, E., Hasan, R., Toscanini, A. C., Linares, I. M., Suzuki Borges, D., Brasil, I. P., ... & Morin, C. (2024). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 92(6), 330-343. DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000881
Perfectionism and pre-competition emotions in soccer players. iACT vs. waitlist. N=81.
Watson, D. R., Hill, A. P., Madigan, D. J., & Donachie, T. C. (in press). Effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy programme for perfectionism in soccer players: A randomized control trial. Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology.
DOI: 10.1037/spy0000333
Well being among workers; ACT vs waitlist; N = 103.
Piot, F., Taylor, G., & Grégoire, S. (2024; in press). A group intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for improving psychological well-being at work: A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement. Doi: 10.1037/cbs0000438
Distress in transitioning high school students. ACT vs waitlist. N = 18,
Juaninda, C. P., & Oriza, I. I. D. (2024). Let’s MOVE: Empowering emerging adulthood lives with ACT Training for greater well-being and self-compassion. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(3). Doi: 10.51214/002024061132000
Migraine management in primary care patients; acceptance-based iCBT (includes ACT) + TAU vs. TAU alone; N = 29.
Persson, M., Daka, B., Varkey, E., Lilja, J. L., Nissling, L., Cronstedt, O., Perschbacher, A. K., Bratt, A., & Weineland, S. (2024). “I am now on ‘speaking terms’ with my migraine monster” – patient experiences in acceptance-based cognitive behavioral therapy delivered via the internet for migraine: A randomized controlled pilot study using a mixed-method approach. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Doi: 10.1080/16506073.2024.2408384
Identity crisis and distress tolerance in mothers of children with cancer; ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Golestan Kalateh, S. N., Rajaei, A., Farhangi, H., & Bayazi, M. H. (2024). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on identity crisis and distress tolerance in mothers of children with cancer. Journal of Education and Health Promotion 13(1), 190.
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_371_23
Quality of Life, Behavioral Activation, Symptom Interference, and Reward Noticing. iACT vs a waitlis. N=150.
Nicolescu, S., Secară, E-C., Jiboc, N.M., & Băban, A. (in press). Oncovox: A randomised controlled trial of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for breast cancer patients. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100729.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100729
Anxiety and psychological flexibility. ACT vs Control Group. N=50.
Lee, E.B., Miller, I.A., Bro, K., Robertson, M., Arendtson, M., Loew, S.T., & Wall, A.D. (2024). Performance-based acceptance and commitment training in a collegiate flight program. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100795.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100795
Acute mental health conditions. Group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy vs. SDG + TAU. N=36.
Prowse, G., Conroy, E., Mogensen, L. (2024). Brief transdiagnostic group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for acute inpatients with complex mental health conditions: A randomised pilot study using an active social control. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100821.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100821
Pain interference in chronic pain. CBT + ACT values vs TAU. N = 266.
Solberg Nes, L., Børøsund, E., Varsi, C., et al. (2024). Living well with chronic pain: a 12-month randomized controlled trial revealing impact from the digital pain self-management program EPIO. PAIN Reports, 9(4), e1174.
DOI: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000001174
Depression and quality of life in primary care patients; ACT self-help + medication vs. medication alone. N=93.
Davis, C.H., Donahue, M., Gaudiano, B.A., Uebelacker, L.A., Twohig., M.P., & Levin, M.E. (in press). Adding online storytelling-based acceptance and commitment therapy to antidepressant treatment for primary care patients: A randomized clinical trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2023.2265560
Fibromyalgia management and impact. iACT vs. ibased symptom monitoring. N=67.
Catella, S., Gendreau, R.M., Kraus, A.C. et al. (2023; in press). Self-guided digital acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia management: results of a randomized, active-controlled, phase II pilot clinical trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00429-3
Depression and distress in parents of children with autism. ACT vs wait list. N=54.
Maughan, A. L., Lunsky, Y., Lake, J., Mills, J. S., Fung, K., Steel, L., & Weiss, J. A. (in press). Parent, child, and family outcomes following Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for parents of autistic children: A randomized controlled trial. Autism.
DOI: 10.1177/13623613231172241
Self-stigma in mentally ill patients. ACT vs TAU. N=72.
Kao, S. Y. S., Li, A., Mak, W. W., & Cheung, R. Y. (in press). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-stigma reduction among people with mental illness: A quasi-experimental design. Stigma and Health.
DOI: 10.1037/sah0000474
Functional dyspepsia; Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation (PENFS) vs PENFS+CBT+ACT. N=84.
Santucci, N. R., Beigarten, A. J., Khalid, F., El-Chammas, K. I., Graham, K., Sahay, R., ... & Mellon, M. (in press). Percutaneous electrical nerve field stimulation in children and adolescents with functional dyspepsia—Integrating a behavioral intervention. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface.
DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.07.005
Psychological health of interpersonal violence victims. ACT w/ compassion vs. schema therapy vs. no treatment. N=60.
Nikparvar, F., Sasanian, F., Spencer, C., & Stith, S. (in press 2023). Effectiveness of Compassion-Based Acceptance Therapy and Schema Therapy on Intimate Partner Violence Victims’ Psychological Health. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.
DOI: 10.1177/08862605231169736
Body image, self-efficacy and hope in patients with Multiple Sclerosis; ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Sajedi, S. H., & Azad, E. (in press). Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on body image, self-efficacy and hope in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Anxiety, Executive Functions. Mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention vs. waitlist. N=45.
Didehban, R., Zemestani, M., Asmundson, G.J.G., & Bakhshaie, F. (2024) Changes in metacognitions and executive functions during mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention among individuals with anxiety disorders: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100818.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100818
Psychological and professional qualities of counselor trainees; ACT psychoeducation vs no treatment. N=32.
Değerli, F. İ., & Odacı, H. (in press). Effects of an acceptance and commitment-based psychoeducation program on prospective psychological counselors’ some personal and professional qualifications. Current Psychology.
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04274-0
Depression in secondary school students. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Abootrabian, M., sajjadian, I. (in press). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on depression, rumination and self-efficacy of secondary school adolescents. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology.
DOI: 10.30486/jsrp.2021.548857.0
Academic stress and burnout in students with learning disabilities. ACT vs. waitlist. N=40.
Nemati, S., Pourtaleb, N., BadriGargari, R., Hashemi, T., Deetjen, R., & Shojaeian, N. (in press). The effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Training program on the level of academic stress and academic burnout in students with a specific learning disability. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
DOI: 10.1007/s41252-022-00307-0
Social appearance anxiety in University students. ACT vs no treatment. N=39.
Karaaziz, M., Razzaghi, P., Keskindag, B. & Güney, H. (in press). Brief report: A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in group format for social appearance anxiety. Current Psychology.
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04693-z
Skin-picking. ACT + HRT vs waitlist. N=70.
Asplund, M., Lenhard, F., Rück, C., Andersson, E., Grimlund, T., Nilsson, M., Sarachu-Nilsson, M., Sundh, L., Ivanov, V.Z. (in press). Therapist-guided internet-delivered acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for skin-picking disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2024.04.006.
Symptoms, anxiety, depression, and quality of life of people with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ACT vs MBSR vs DBT vs no treatment. N=83.
Taghvaeinia, A., Karami, M. & Azizi, A. (in press). Comparison of the Effect of Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy mindfulness-based Stress Reduction on Irritable Bowel Syndrome Symptoms, Quality of Life, Anxiety and Depression: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychiatric Quarterly.
DOI: 10.1007/s11126-023-10058-3
Diabetes distress and A1c in Type 1 diabetics; Virtual group-based ACT vs group education and self-manabement or both; N = 275.
Hessler, D. M., Fisher, L., Guzman, S., Strycker, L., Polonsky, W. H., Ahmann, A., ... & Masharani, U. (2024). EMBARK: A randomized, controlled trial comparing three approaches to reducing diabetes distress and improving HbA1c in adults with Type 1 Diabetes.
Diabetes Care, 47(8),1–9.
DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2452
Cancer, fatigue interference, and health-related quality of life. ACT vs TAU. N=160.
Li, H., Wong, C.L., Jin, X., Chong, Y.Y., & Ng, M.S.N. (2024). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy-based intervention on fatigue interference and health-related quality of life in patients with advanced lung cancer: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100758.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100758
Health-related anxiety in adolescents. Telehealth ACT vs Waitlist. N=60.
Petersen, J.M., Donahue, M.L., Capel, L.K., Bowers, E.M., Woolley, M.G., Boghosian, S., & Twohig, M.P. (2024). Telehealth acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with transdiagnostic health-related anxiety: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100764.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100764
Pain disability. Internet-delivered ACT vs ACT-based bibliotherapy vs education on pain through online pamphlets. N=297.
Martel, M.E., Dionne, F., Page, M.G., & Choiniere, M. (2024). A randomized controlled trial comparing two guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy formats to education on pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100760.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100760
2023 (n = 101)
Psychological distress and flexibility in adolescents; iACT and virtual coach plus 90 min student coaching vs iACT and virtual coach plus 15 min student coaching vs no treatment. N=348.
Lappalainen, P., Lappalainen, R., Keinonen, K., Kaipainen, K., Puolakanaho, A., Muotka, J., & Noona Kiuru. (2023). In the shadow of COVID-19: A randomized controlled online ACT trial promoting adolescent psychological flexibility and self-compassion. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 34-44.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.12.001
Well being and school engagement in adolescents; ACT app with or w/o face to face support vs. education as usual. N=249.
Hämäläinen, T., Lappalainen, P., Puolakanaho, A., Lappalainen, R., & Kiuru, N. (2023). A guided online ACT intervention may increase psychological well-being and support school engagement in adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 152-159.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.002
Psychological well-being of working mothers; iACT vs waitlist; N = 841.
Sasaki, N., Imamura, K., Nishi, D., Watanabe, K., Asaoka, H., Sekiya, Y., Tsuno, K., Kobayashi, Y., Obikane, E., Kawakami, N. (2023). The effect of internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) on psychological well-being among working women with a pre-school child: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 33-47.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.002
Sleep quality, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and psychological flexibility. Internet-delivered self-help ACT linear intervention vs. Internet-delivered self-help ACT loop intervention vs. wait list control group. N=602.
Wang, D., Lin, B., Xiong, F., Deng, Y., & Zhang, L. (2023). Effectiveness of Internet-delivered self-help acceptance and commitment therapy (iACT) on nurses' obsessive-compulsive symptoms and sleep quality: A randomized controlled trial with 3-month follow-up. Journal of Affective Disorders, 341, 319-328.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.125
Mental health and well being in the elderly; ACT vs positive psychology control; N = 100.
Chojak, A. (2023). Effectiveness of ACT-based intervention in compliance with the model for sustainable mental health: A cluster randomized control trial in a group of older adults. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 48-59.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.007
Learning motivation; Stress. Face-to-face DNA-V vs Internet DNA-V vs Control Group. N=136.
Liu, Y., Chen, Y., Liu, Z., Zhang, Y., Wu, M.,& Zhu, Z. (2023). The effect of DNA-V model intervention on learning behaviors and stress in Chinese adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 181-190.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.10.005
Pain interference and distress in chronic low back pain. iACT vs iBehavioralActivation vs TAU. N=234.
Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Colomer-Carbonell, A., Borràs, X., Castaño-Asins, J. R., McCracken, L. M., Montero-Marin, J., Adrián Pérez-Aranda, A., Edo, S. Sanz, A., Feliu-Soler, A. & Luciano, J. V. (2023). Efficacy of videoconference group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Behavioral Activation Therapy for Depression (BATD) for chronic low back pain (CLBP) plus comorbid depressive symptoms: A randomized controlled trial (IMPACT study). The Journal of Pain, 24(8), 1522-1540
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2023.04.008
Economic evaluation
Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., D’Amico, F., Cardeñosa, E., Ferrer-Forés, M., Edo, S., Borràs, X., McCracken, L. M., Feliu-Soler, A., Sanz, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2024). Economic evaluation of videoconference group acceptance and commitment therapy and behavioral activation therapy for depression versus usual care among adults with chronic low back pain plus comorbid depressive symptoms. The Journal of Pain, 25(7), 104472.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.01.337 (not counted separately from the study above)
Qualitative study
Sanabria-Mazo, J.P., Colomer-Carbonell, A., Gandara-Urrutia, N., Pérez-Sutil, J.M., Noboa-Rocamora, G., Fernández-Vázquez, Ó., Val-Mariano, G., Fontana-McNally, M., Cardona-Ros, G., Feliu-Soler, A., McCracken, L.M., Edo, S., Sanz, A., & Luciano, J.V. (2023 in press) Experiences of patients with chronic low back pain plus comorbid depressive symptoms in a videoconference group acceptance and commitment therapy or behavioral activation treatment for depression: a qualitative study. Disability and Rehabilitation.
DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2298265 (not counted separately from the study above)
Pain interference, depression, and self-regulatory fatigue in chronic pain; App combining CBT and ACT vs Care as Usual. N=266.
Bostrøm, K., Børøsund, E., Eide, H., Varsi, C., Kristjansdottir, Ó. B., Schreurs, K. M. G., Waxenberg, L. B., Weiss, K. E., Morrison, E. J., Stavenes Støle, H., Cvancarova Småstuen, M., Stubhaug, A., & Solberg Nes, L. (2023). Short-Term Findings From Testing EPIO, a Digital Self-Management Program for People Living With Chronic Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e47284.
DOI: 10.2196/47284
Social anxiety, impairments in functioning, and Psychological flexibility. ACT self-help vs waitlist. N=284.
Powell, L. D., Vasiliou, V. S., & Thompson, A. R. (2023). An ACT self-help intervention for adults with a visible difference in appearance: A pilot feasibility and acceptability randomized controlled study. Body Image, 47, 101637.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.101637
PTSD. App-delivered ACT vs app-delivered mindfulness vs waitlist. N=221.
Zhao, C., Zhao, Z., Levin, M. E., et al. (2023). Efficacy and acceptability of mobile application-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder in China: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 171, 104440.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104440
Quality of life in chronic muscle disease patients. ACT plus standard medical care vs. standard medical care alone. N=155.
Rose, M., Graham, C. D., O'Connell, N., Vari, C., Edwards, V., Taylor, E., McCracken, L. M., Radunovic, A., Rakowicz, W., Norton, S., & Chalder, T. (2023). A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for improving quality of life in people with muscle diseases. Psychological Medicine, 53(8), 3511-3524.
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291722000083
Qualitative study
Edwards, V., Vari, C., Rose, M., Graham, C.D., O'Connell, N., Taylor, E., McCracken, L.M., Radunovic, A., Rakowicz, W., Norton, S., & Chalder, T. (2023). Participant experiences of guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for improving quality of life in muscle disease: a nested qualitative study within the ACTMus randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1233526.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233526 (not counted separately from the study above)
Insomnia in female military veterans. ACT vs CBT. N=149.
Martin, J. L., Carlson, G. C., Kelly, M. R., Song, Y., Mitchell, M. N., Josephson, K. R., McGowan, S. K., Culver, N. C., Kay, M. A., Erickson, A. J., Saldana, K. S., May, K. J., Fiorentino, L., Alessi, C. A., Washington, D. L., & Yano, E. M. (2023). Novel treatment based on acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: A randomized comparative effectiveness trial in women veterans. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology,91(11), 626–639.
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000836
Burnout, wellbeing, and distress in medical students. Individualized ACT vs. non-individualized ACT vs. waitlist. N=143.
Ditton, E., Knott, B., Hodyl, N., Horton, G., Oldmeadow, C., Walker, F. R., & Nilsson, M. (2023). Evaluation of an app-delivered psychological flexibility skill training intervention for medical student burnout and well-being: Randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mentaj Health, 10, e42566. DOI: 10.2196/42566
Anxiety and depression in health care workers; ACT self-help book and Problem Management + vs Enhanced CAU. N=232.
Mediavilla, R., Felez-Nobrega, M., McGreevy, K. R., Monistrol-Mula, A., Bravo-Ortiz, M. F., Bayón, C., ... & Ayuso-Mateos, J. L. (2023). Effectiveness of a mental health stepped-care programme for healthcare workers with psychological distress in crisis settings: A multicentre randomised controlled trial. BMJ Mental Health, 26(1), 1-8.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300697
Social and public speaking anxiety. Virtual reality ACT vs wait list. N=76.
Gorinelli, S., Gallego, A., Lappalainen, P., & Lappalainen, R. (2023). Virtual reality acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for social and public speaking anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 289-299
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.004
Hoarding. ACT vs REBT vs no treatment. N=139.
Fang, S., Ding, D., Zhang, R. & Huang, M. (2023), Psychological mechanism of acceptance and commitment therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy for treating hoarding: Evidence from randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1084467.
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084467
Depression, Anxiety, Aggression and Physical Complaints of Prisoners; ACT vs CBT vs Reality Therapy vs Waitlist. N=120.
Abbaszadeh, M., Ghazanfari, A., Chorami, M., & Ahmadi, R. (2023). Comparison of the Efficacy of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, and Reality Therapy on the Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, Aggression and Physical Complaints of Prisoners. Iranian Journal of Forensic Medicine, 28(4), 214-227.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from http://sjfm.ir/article-1-1372-en.html
Anxiety and depression. Web- and mobile-based ACT vs. Waiting Control Group. N=145.
Lu, Y., Li, Y., Huang, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, J., Wu, L., & Cao, F. (2023). Effects and Mechanisms of a Web- and Mobile-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention for Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Nurses: Fully Decentralized Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e51549.
DOI: 10.2196/51549
Depression. Group ACT vs TAU. N=140.
Liu, Y.-E., Lv, J., Sun, F.-Z., Liang, J.-J., Zhang, Y.-Y., Chen, J., & Jiang, W. J. (2023). Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy in treating depression for acute stroke patients. Brain and Behavior, 13, e3260.
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3260
Self-esteem of adolescents from "broken homes"; ACT vs REBTvs no treatment; N=71.
Ekeanya, B.E., Adeniyi, S.O., Longe, O.O. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance - Commitment and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapies on Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Broken Homes in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Research, 12(1), 35-46.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from www.ajol.info/index.php/ijer/article/view/253809
Anxiety, fatigue, fear of progression, and depression in cancer patients. ACT+psychoeducation+Yoga/Qigong vs. Control Group. N=157.
Neubert, S., Schlecht, S., Meng, K., Rabe, A., & Jentschke, E. (2023). Effects of a Video Sequence Based Intervention on Anxiety, Fatigue and Depression in Cancer Patients: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 22.
DOI: 10.1177/15347354231153172
Anxiety, depression, and quality of life. Self-management program based on ACT vs. health education. N=156.
Wang, T.J., Chang, S.C., Hsu, H.H., et al. (2023). Efficacy of a self-management program on quality of life in colorectal cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Oncology Nursing : the Official Journal of European Oncology Nursing Society, 67, 102431.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2023.102431
Trichotillomania. AEBT (ACT + habit reversal training) vs Waitlist. N=81.
Capel, L. K., Petersen, J. M., Becker, M. R., Levin, M. L., & Twohig, M. P. (2023). Examining the efficacy and feasibility of a web-based acceptance enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 37, 100800.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100800
Acceptance, self-compassion, and disability in chronic pain; iACT+self-compassion vs wait list. N=71.
Buhrman, M., Tillfors, M., Holländare, F., Lekström, E., Håkansson, A., & Boersma, K. (2023) Psychological Treatment Targeting Acceptance and Compassion in Patients With Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled, Internet-delivered, Treatment Trial. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 39(12), 672-685.
DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000001157
Heart rate variability. ACT vs waitlist. N=62.
Allen, T., Struemph, K., Toledo-Tamula, M.A., Reda, S., Baker, M., Wolters, P.L., Baldwin, A., Widemann, B., & Martin, S. (2023). Monitoring change in heart rate variability following acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Results of a randomized controlled trial for individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 140-146.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.06.007
Breastfeeding self-efficacy, anxiety, stress, and depression; ACT vs. routine care. N=90.
Khajeh, F., Nourizadeh, R., Farvareshi, M., & Hakimi, S. (2023) Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health and breastfeeding self-efficacy in mothers with preterm infant: a randomized controlled trial. Medical Journal of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 45(1), 55-66.
DOI: 10.34172/mj.2023.013 [Article in Persian]
Cancer-related fatigue. ACT telehealth vs. enhanced TAU. N=44.
Wright, A. A., Poort, H., Tavormina, A., Schmiege, S. J., Matulonis, U. A., Campos, S. M., ... & Arch, J. J. (2023). Pilot randomized trial of an acceptance-based telehealth intervention for women with ovarian cancer and PARP inhibitor-related fatigue. Gynecologic Oncology, 177, 165-172.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2023.08.020
Quality of life and pain in endometriosis; targeted MBCT+ACT vs. general MBCT+ACT vs. waitlist. N=58.
Hansen, K. E., Brandsborg, B., Kesmodel, U. S., Forman, A., Kold, M., Pristed, R., Donchulyesko, O., Hartwell D., & Vase, L. (2023). Psychological interventions improve quality of life despite persistent pain in endometriosis: Results of a 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Quality of Life Research, 32, 1727–1744.
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03346-9
Weight Loss and psychological defense mechanism. ACT vs ACT + structured exercise program vs control group. N=152.
Pitil, P.P. & Ghazali, S.R. (2023). The impact of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on the psychological defense mechanism and weight loss program: A randomized controlled trial among university students during COVID-19 movement control order. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 171-181.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.07.003
A1c and self-management in diabetes; ACT vs TAU. N=81.
Wijk, I., Amsberg, S., Johansson, U., Livheim, F., Toft, E. & Anderbro, T. (2023). Impact of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy programme on HbA1c, self-management and psychosocial factors in adults with type 1 diabetes and elevated HbA1c levels: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13, e072061.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072061
Psychological distress. 8-week videoconferencing ACT program supplemented with psychoeducation materials vs psychoeducation materials. N=19.
Han, A., Yuen, H.K., & Jenkins, J. (2023). The feasibility and preliminary effects of a pilot randomized controlled trial: Videoconferencing acceptance and commitment therapy in distressed family caregivers of people with dementia. Journal of Health Psychology, 28(6), 554-567.
DOI: 10.1177/13591053221141131
Anxiety and depression in incarcerated seriously mentally ill patients; Mindfulness program inc. ACT vs sports program; N = 23.
Gallego, J., Cangas, A.J., Mañas, I., Aguilar-Parra, J.M., Langer, Á.I., Navarro, N., & Lirola, M-J. (2023). Effects of a Mindfulness and Physical Activity Programme on Anxiety, Depression and Stress Levels in People with Mental Health Problems in a Prison: A Controlled Study. Healthcare, 11(4), 555.
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11040555
Physical activity in cardiac patiets; ACT Values component vs. TAU. N=58.
Van Wasshenova, E., Boardley, D., Geers, A., Tull, M., & Steiner, V. (2023). A Brief Value-based Randomized Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Patients Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation. American Journal of Health Education, 54(1), 10-19.
DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2142334
Depression, anxiety, quality of life, and cortisol reactivity in women exposed to interpersonal violence. ACT vs IPT. N=50.
Cerda-Molina, A. L., Biagini-Alarcón, M., Mayagoitia-Novales, L., De La Cruz-López, M., & Whaley-Sánchez, J. A. (2023). Comparison of two psychotherapies in cortisol response and their efficacy in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in women victims of intimate partner violence. Salud Mental, 46(3), 137-146.
DOI: 10.17711/SM.0185-3325.2023.018
Stigma and care utilization in people w/ HIV who inject drugs. ACT vs TAU. N=100.
Luoma, J. B., Rossi, S. L., Sereda, Y., Pavlov, N., Toussova, O., Vetrova, M., ... & Lunze, K. (2023). An acceptance-based, intersectional stigma coping intervention for people with HIV who inject drugs—a randomized clinical trial. The Lancet Regional Health–Europe, 28, 100611.
DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100611
Well-being, Stress, Depression. ACT with free-form personalized, individually tailored written feedback vs ACT with semi-structured written feedback with minimal personalization. N=123.
Räsänen, P., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2023). Examining coaches' asynchronous written feedback in two blended ACT-based interventions for enhancing university students' wellbeing and reducing psychological distress: A randomized study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 98-108.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.06.006
Distress in first-generation college students. iACT vs no treatment. N=34.
Thomas, E. B. K., Sagorac Gruichich, T., Maronge, J. M., Hoel, S., Victory, A., Stowe, Z. N., & Cochran, A. (2023). Mobile Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with distressed first-generation college students: Microrandomized trial. JMIR Mental Health, 10, e43065.
DOI: 10.2196/43065
Impulsivity and suicidality in bipolar patients. ACT vs TAU. N=30.
El-Sayed, M.M., Elhay, E.S.A., Taha, S.M. et al. (2023). Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on impulsivity and suicidality among clients with bipolar disorders: a randomized control trial. BMC Nursing, 22, 271.
DOI: 10.1186/s12912-023-01443-1
Depression and memory specificy in the elderly. Memory specificity training (MeST) vs ACT vs combination vs waitlist. N=48.
Abedi, N., Tashk, A., & Ebrahimi Meimand, H. A. (2023). Integration of memory specificity training and acceptance and commitment therapy techniques for older adult’s depression treatment. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 33(2), 201–212.
DOI: 10.1037/int0000301
Social Anxiety Disorder. Medication alone or ACT plus medication. N = 26.
Dalrymple, K.L., Wahrer, K.S., Walsh, E., Rosenstein, L., & Zimmerman, M. (2023). A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of the Feasibility and Acceptability of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Comorbid Social Anxiety Disorder in a Routine Practice Setting. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37(4).
DOI: 10.1891/jcp-2022-0014
Rumination, Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Performance of Elite Players of Beach Soccer. ACT vs. TAU. N=34.
Sabzevari, F., Samadi, H., Ayatizadeh, F., & Machado, S. (2023). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach for Rumination, Cognitive Flexibility and Sports Performance of Elite Players of Beach Soccer: A Randomized Controlled Trial with 2-months Follow-up. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, 19(1).
DOI: 10.2174/17450179-v19-e230419-2022-33
Self-compassion of University students. iACT vs no treatment. N=16.
Yetiz, G. & Çetinkaya Yıldız, E. (2023). The effect of an ACT-based psychoeducation program on University students' levels of self-compassion during the pandemic (KKT temelli psikoeğitim programının pandemi sürecinde üniversite öğrencilerinin öz şefkat düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisi.) Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 1651-1680.
DOI: 10.29299/kefad.1216722
Symptoms of schizophrenia among those in remission. ACT+TAU vs TAU. N=60.
Shi, J. Y., Cao, Y. M., Luo, H. Y., Liu, S., Yang, F. M., & Wang, Z. H. (2023). Effect of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention on self-esteem and psychological flexibility in patients with schizophrenia in remission. Schizophrenia Research, 255, 213-221.
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.03.042
Improve adherence to online ACT self-help. Phone coaching, text message coaching, and a no support control group. N=230.
Klimczak, K.S., Twohig, M.P., Peacock, G.G., & Levin, M.E. (2023). Using peer-support coaching to improve adherence to online ACT self-help for college mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 160, 104228.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104228
Stress. Self-help book vs. wait-list. N=133.
Eklund, M., Kiritsis, C., Livheim, F., & Ghaderi, A. (2023). ACT-based self-help for perceived stress and its mental health implications without therapist support: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 98-106.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.003
Emotional distress and repeative negative thinking in parents of children with cancer; ACT vs baseine (randomized multiple baseline); N = 12.
Bautista, A.B., Ruiz, F.J., & Suárez-Falcón, J.C. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy in parents of children with cancer at psychosocial risk: A randomized multiple baseline evaluation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 109-121.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.06.004
Diabetes distress and self-care. ACT+diabetes education vs. Control Group. N=48.
Ngan, H.Y., Chong, Y.Y., Loo, K.M., & Chien,W.T. (2023). Preliminary efficacy of an acceptance-based diabetes education (ACT-DE) programme for people with type 2 diabetes on diabetes distress and self-care behaviours: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 50-60.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.09.002
Withdrawal and psychological flexibility during acute alcohol detox; ACT+TAU vs TAU; N = 45.
Weststrate, T.R., Briggs, C.A., Miller, A., Shuster, A.E., & Gaynor, S.T. (2023). Brief acceptance and commitment therapy added to medication management during acute alcohol detoxification: A pilot randomized controlled effectiveness trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 76-85.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.06.002
Depression in college students; ACT, vs traditional CBT, vs Patient chooses which one. N=142.
Davis, C. H., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2023). Choosing ACT or CBT: A preliminary test of incorporating client preferences for depression treatment with college students. Journal of Affective Disorders, 325, 413-420.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.12.097
Body image flexibility. iACT vs waitlist. N=92.
Merwin, R.M., Nikolaou, P., Moskovich, A.A., Babyak, M., Smith, P.J. & Karekla, M. (2023). Change in body image flexibility and correspondence with outcomes in a digital early intervention for eating disorders based on acceptance and commitment therapy. Body Image, 44, 131-135.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.12.010
Anxiety and depression. Behavioral Activation vs ACT vs CBT vs wait-list. N=99.
Fernández-Rodríguez, C., Coto-Lesmes, R., Martínez-Loredo, V., González-Fernández, S., & Cuesta, M. (2023). Is Activation the Active Ingredient of Transdiagnostic Therapies? A Randomized Clinical Trial of Behavioral Activation, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and Transdiagnostic Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Emotional Disorders. Behavior Modification, 47(1), 3–45.
DOI: 10.1177/01454455221083309
Social adjustment and work-family conflict among intern nurses; iACT vs waitlist; N = 70.
El-Ashry, A.M., Elhay, E.S.A., Taha, S.M. et al. (2023). Impact of virtual group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on social adjustment and work-family conflict among intern nurses: a randomized control trial. BMC Psychiatry 23, 552.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-05045-8
Burden transfer, stress, and burnout in veterinary healthcare teams. ACT workshop vs self-paced ACT. N=252.
Spitznagel, M. B., Martin, J. T., Was, C., Updegraff, A. S., Sislak, M., Wiborg, L., ... & Twohig, M. P. (2023). Self-paced acceptance and commitment training reduces burden transfer, stress, and burnout in veterinary healthcare teams. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 1(aop), 1-10.
DOI: 10.2460/javma.23.01.0037
Hoarding. Online ACT vs Waitlist. N=73.
Krafft, J., Petersen, J.M., Ong, C.W., Twohig, M.P., & Levin, M.E. (2023). Making space: A randomized waitlist-controlled trial of an acceptance and commitment therapy website for hoarding. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 39, 100846.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2023.100846
Pain acceptance, catastrophising, kinesiophobia, intensity and physical functioning in patients with fibromyalgia and obesity; Group-based ACT vs TAU; N=180.
Varallo, G., Cattivelli, R., Giusti, E.M., Landi, G., Spatola, C., Ruggiero, G.M., Franceschini, C., Tossani, E., Grandi, S., Capodaglio, P., & Castelnuovo, G. (2023). The efficacy of a brief acceptance-based group intervention in a sample of female patients with fibromyalgia and comorbid obesity: a randomised controlled trial. Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, 41(6), 1332-1341.
DOI: 10.55563/clinexprheumatol/7hvaya
Feasability of ACT groups for weight, wellbeing, and healthcare use after bariatric surgery; ACT vs TAU. N=80.
Barley, E.A., Bovell, M., Bennett-Eastley, K., Lee, J.T., Lee-Baggley, D., Skene, S.S., Tai, M.Z., Brooks, S., & Scholtz, S. (2023). Addressing a critical need: A randomised controlled feasibility trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for bariatric surgery patients at 15–18 months post-surgery. PLoS ONE, 18(4), e0282849.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282849
OCD symptoms. Group ACT vs. wait list. N=72.
Lee, S. W., Choi, M., & Lee, S. J. (2023). A randomized controlled trial of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 45-53.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.11.009
Adolescents with anxiety disorders. ACT vs wait list. N=52.
Nissling, L., Weineland, S., Vernmark, K., Radvogin, E., Engström, A.-K., Schmidt, S., Nieto Granberg, E., Larsson, E., & Hursti, T. (2023). Effectiveness of and processes related to internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with anxiety disorders: a randomized controlled trial. Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 26(2).
DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2023.681
Social isolation and sleep problems of ostomy patients; ACT vs TAU; N=40.
Daghagh, Z., & Arabhashemi, M. (2023). Studying the effectiveness of treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on improving problems related to sleep and social isolation in patients with ostomy in Ghaem Clinic, Mashhad. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 20(2), 17-32.
DOI: 10.22070/cpap.2022.15126.1145
Psychiatric symptoms and rehospitalization with schizophrenia spectrum disorders; Inpatient ACT vs time/attention matched TAU. N=46
Gaudiano, B. A., Ellenberg, S., Johnson, J. E., Mueser, K. T., & Miller, I. W. (2023). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for inpatients with psychosis: Implementation feasibility and acceptability from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Schizophrenia Research, 261, 72-79.
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.09.017
Exercise, nutrition, and sleep in college students. ACT vs. information. N=45.
Barreto, M., & Gaynor, S. T. (2023). A pilot randomized controlled trial of a single-session of acceptance and commitment therapy versus information only for promoting health-related behavior change in collegians. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 1-10,
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.11.004
Distress tolerance in men with substance use disorders; ACT vs mindfulness training vs. Motivational Interviewing vs TAU. N=72.
Kashefizadeh, M., Taher, M., Khanzadeh, A., Haj Aboutalebi, N. (2023). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Mindfulness and Motivational Interviewing on Distress Tolerance in Men with Substance Abuse Disorder Undergoing Maintenance Therapy. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 17(68).
DOI: 10.22034/jmpr.2023.15338
OCD symptoms. TAU w/ medications vs TAU w/ medications + ACT. N=62.
Akhouri, D., Hamza, S., Kumar, S., & Reyazuddin, M. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy as an add-on treatment for the management of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Industrial Psychiatry Journal, 32(Suppl 1), S179-S185.
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_213_23
Quality of sleep in the elderly. Well-Being Therapy vs ACT vs no treatment. N=45.
Hossein Nazari, N., Nejat, H., & Saffarian Toosi, M. (2023). Comparison of the effectiveness of well-being therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy on the quality of sleep in the elderly. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches, 18(69), 103-112.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from https://psychologyj.tabrizu.ac.ir/article_16249.html
Speech anxiety in young adults; Exposure alone vs exposure + monetary reward vs exposure + values linkage; N = 60.
Schneider, R. L., & Arch, J. J. (2023). Values-versus monetary reward-enhanced exposure therapy for the treatment of social anxiety in emerging adulthood. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 100, 102788.
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2023.102788
Academic self-handicapping in college students, ACT + REBT vs education as usual. N=25.
Jagadeesan, N. & Kanchana, M. (2023). Integrating REBT and ACT: An intervention study for managing academic self- handicapping among young adults. International Journal of School & Educational Psychology, 11(3), 274-285.
DOI: 10.1080/21683603.2023.2170940
Enhancing academic adjustment and motivation. ACT group vs wait-list group. N=49.
Asale, M., Ayalew, S., & Kibret, B. (2023). Enhancing academic adjustment, motivation and life satisfaction of female preparatory students using acceptance and commitment therapy. Bahir Dar Journal of Education, 21(2), 1–21.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/bdje/article/view/248116
Mindfulness and distress in collect students; Guided vs unguided “StudiCare Mindfulness” (ACT+MBST+stress management) vs waitlist; N=387.
Küchler, A-M., Schultchen, D., Dretzler, T., Moshagen, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. A. (2023). Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness, Acceptance, and Negative Effects of StudiCare Mindfulness, an Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for College Students with No and “On Demand” Guidance. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3208.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043208
Psychological distress after stroke; supported ACT-based bibliotherapy vs baseline (randomized Multiple Baseline); N = 16.
Gladwyn-Khan, M. & Morris, R. (2023). The efficacy of therapist-supported acceptance and commitment therapy-based bibliotherapy for psychological distress after stroke: A single-case multiple-baseline study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 51(1), 87-104.
DOI:10.1017/S135246582200042X
Treatment acceptability of combining ACT with varenicline for smoking by persons with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia spectrum disorders; ACT + low dose medication vs ACT + higher dose. N = 60.
Anthenelli, R. M., McKenna, B. S., Giannini, J., Attaluri, S. V., Rubin, M., O’Crowley, E., Miller, S. & Heffner, J. L. (2023). Combining varenicline preloading with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in persons with serious mental illness who smoke: The randomized ACTSLow pilot feasibility trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 253, 111012.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111012
Adjustment of male high school students. ACT vs MBCT vs no treatment. N=45.
Azizi, A., Farhangi, A., & Hosseinpour, R. (2023). Comparison of the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy on academic belief, emotional regulation, and academic adjustment. Psychological Achievements, 30(1), 261-284.
DOI: 10.22055/psy.2022.40739.2844
Psychological well-being and shame in student with vitiligo. ACT vs CFT vs no treatment. N=45.
Abkhooy, S., Bagherzadeh Hamamchi, N., & Smkhani Akbarinejhad, H. (2023). Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy with compassion-focused therapy on psychological well-being and internalized shame in female students with vitiligo. Feyz Medical Sciences Journal, 27(4), 406-415.
DOI: 10.48307/FMSJ.2023.27.4.406
Residual excessive sleepiness; Insomnia. MBSR vs ACT. N=16.
Hellrigel-Holderbaum, M., Romanczuk-Seiferth, N., Glos, M., & Fietze, I. (2023). Effects of mindfulness meditation and Acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea with residual excessive sleepiness: A randomized controlled pilot study. Sleep Medicine, 106, 33-41.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2023.03.022.
Emotion Regulation, Social and Academic Skills. Group ACT vs Control Group. N=122.
Ahmadi, M., Izadi, R., & Mirzaamiri, A. (2023). Effectiveness of ACT Group Therapy, DNA-V Model on Emotion Regulation, Social and Academic Skills of Adolescents. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 23(3), 291-300.
Retrieved from: https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen23/num3/648.html
Competitive aggression of anxious professional soccer players. ACT vs Meta-Cognitive Therapy vs Waitlist. N=60.
Alavizadeh, S. M., Sobhi Gharamaleki, N., Entezari, S., & Mokhtar, F. (2023). The comparison of Metacognitive group Intervention and group Acceptance Based Behavioral Therapy on Competitive Aggression of Anxious Professional Soccer Athletes in Tehran. Health Nexus, 1(2), 58-67.
DOI: 10.61838/kman.hn.1.2.8
Sexual Performance, Coping Strategies and Distress Tolerance. ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Bagheri Sheykhangafshe, F., Savabi Niri, V., Baryaji, S., Saeedi, Z., Kiani, A., & Fathi-Ashtiani, A. (2023). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sexual Function, Coping Strategies and Distress Tolerance of Employees with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Sadra Medical Journal, 11(4), 360-373.
Retrieved from https://smsj.sums.ac.ir/article_49711.html [article in Persian]
Anger regulation; Psychological flexibility. Group ACT in virtual format vs. Waiting List. N=40.
Gallego Villa, Óscar, Zaldívar Basurto, F., & Ortega Campos, E. (2023). Effect of a brief, group and virtual treatment based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the anger regulation and the psychological inflexibility reduction in Colombian young adults. LIBERABIT. Revista Peruana De Psicología, 29(2), e692.
DOI: 10.24265/liberabit.2023.v29n2.692
Retrieved from https://ojs3.revistaliberabit.com/index.php/Liberabit/article/view/692 [article in Spanish]
Shame in persons with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. ACT with compassion vs baseline (randomize multiple baseline). N=5.
Linde, J., Luoma, J. B., Rück, C., Ramnerö, J., & Lundgren, T. (2023). Acceptance and Compassion-Based Therapy Targeting Shame in Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Multiple Baseline Study. Behavior Modification, 47(3), 693–718.
DOI: 10.1177/01454455221129989
Psychological distress of parents of children with cancer. ACT vs, TAU. N=40.
Jin, X., Li, H., Chong, Y. Y., Mann, K. F., Yao, W. & Wong, C. L. (2023). Feasibility and preliminary effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing psychological distress and improving the quality of life of the parents of children with cancer: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Psycho-oncology, 32(1), 165-169.
DOI: 10.1002/pon.5941
Insomnia. ACT vs CBT. N=37.
Rafihi-Ferreira, R. E., Morin, C. M., Hasan, R., Brasil, I. S., Ribeiro, Jr., J. H. Z., & Toscanini, A. C. (2023). A pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for chronic insomnia. Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 21(2), 193-207.
DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2022.2071272
Anxiety in adolescents. School-based ACT vs. waitlist. N=26.
Petersen, J. M., Davis, C. H., Renshaw, T. L., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2023). School-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents With Anxiety: A Pilot Trial. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 30(3), 436-452.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.02.021
Depressive symptoms. brief web-based ACT vs. Waitlist TAU. N=40.
Wallace-Boyd, K., Boggiss, A.L., Ellett, S., Booth, R., Slykerman, R., & Serlachius, A.S. (2023). ACT2COPE: A pilot randomised trial of a brief online acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for people living with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. Cogent Psychology, 10(1).
DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2023.2208916
Psychological distress. Online self-compassion + ACT vs Waitlist. N=33.
Kılıç, A., Hudson, J., Scott, W., McCracken, L.M., Hackett, R.A., & Hughes, L.D. (2023). An online acceptance, commitment, and self-compassion based treatment to decrease psychological distress in people with type 2 diabetes: A feasibility randomised-controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 33, 100658.
DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2023.100658
Health anxiety and quality of life in caregivers of COVID patients. iACT+ Mindfulness Stress Reduction vs. TAU. N=72.
Shahidi, S., Zargar, F., Aghaee Khajelangi, H., & Tarrahi, M. J. (2023). The effect of internet-delivered Mindfulness Stress Reduction combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on health anxiety and quality of life of caregiver of patients infected by COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial. International Journal of Community Based Nursing and Midwifery, 11(2), 110-121.
DOI: 10.30476/IJCBNM.2023.97271.2172.
Resilience and health-related quality of life in Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome patients. ACT vs. waitlist. N=30.
Nikrah, N., Bahari, F., & Shiri, A. (2023). Effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience and quality of life in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Applied Nursing Research, 73, 151723.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2023.151723
Resilience and distress in people with MS. iACT vs waitlist. N=56.
Pakenham, K. I., & Landi, G. (2023). A pilot randomised control trial of an online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) resilience training program for people with Multiple Sclerosis. Sclerosis, 1(1), 27–50.
DOI: 10.3390/sclerosis1010005
Stress of parents with intellectually disabled children, ACT vs waitlist. N=14.
Lobato, D., Montesinos, F., Polín, E., & Cáliz, S. (2023). Third-Generation Behavioural Therapies in the Context of Neurodevelopmental Problems and Intellectual Disabilities: A Randomised Clinical Trial with Parents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(5), 4406.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054406
Sleep quality, insomnia severity. ACT vs. CBT. N=30.
Shin, J. W., Kim, S., Shin, Y. J., Park, B., & Park, S. (2023). Comparison of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) for Chronic Insomnia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Nature and Science of Sleep, 15, 523-531.
DOI: 10.2147/nss.s409981
Loneliness in the elderly; ACT vs "well-being therapy" vs no treatment; N=45.
Hossein Nazari, N., Nejat, H., & Saffarian, Tosi. M. (2023). Comparison of the effectiveness of well-being therapy with acceptance and commitment therapy on the feeling of loneliness in the elderly. IJNR, 17(6), 85-96.
DOI: 10.22034/IJNR.17.6.85
Anxiety; depression; sleep. Physical Activity vs. ACT vs. Physical activity+ACT vs. Control Group. N=60.
Mousavi, S.S., Molanorouzi, K., Shojaei, M., & Bahari, S.M. (2023). Physical Activity Plus Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Can Decrease Anxiety Symptoms and Insomnia Severity Among Individuals With Poor Sleep Quality. Sleep medicine research, 14(2), 88-97.
DOI: 10.17241/smr.2022.01543
Mental distress from relationship breakups. ACT vs wait list. N=30.
Norouzi, M., & Bagher Kajbaf, M. (2023). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment on mental health and cognitive fusion of girls with emotional breakdown. Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, 20(4), 634-647.
DOI: 10.52547/rbs.20.4.6
Pain control; adherence to treatment. ACT vs Control Group. N=40.
Sadeghi, A. H., Ghodrati-Torbati, A., & Ahmadi, S. A. (2023). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Pain Control and Adherence to Treatment in Dialysis Patients. J Research Health, 13(5), 381-388.
DOI: 10.32598/JRH.13.5.2285.1
Anxiety and depression in children and self-compassion in parents; ACT based parent training vs. waitlist; N=34.
Ghorbanikhah, E., Mohammadyfar, M. A., Moradi, S., & Delavarpour, M. (2023). The Effectiveness of Acceptance-and-Commitment-Based Parenting Training on Mood and Anxiety in Children and Self-compassion in Parents. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 11(1), 81-92.
DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.11.1.860.1
Academic Procrastination, Resilience, and Depression in High School Students with ADHD. ACT vs Gross model vs control group. N=40.
Piri, S., Hosseininasab, S.D., & Livarjani, S. (2023). The Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Emotion Regulation Training (Gross Model) on Academic Procrastination, Resilience, and Depression in Students with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Quarterly Journal of Family and Research, 19(4), 101-118.
Retrieved from http://qjfr.ir/article-1-1043-fa.html
Pain tolerance and intensity in dental anxiety patients; ACT vs. CBT vs. psychoeducation. N=45.
Feizi, G., Binandeh, E.S., Goli, F., Seraj-Khorrami, N., & Khalifehsoltani, F. (2023). Comparison of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy on pain tolerance and intensity perception in patients with dental anxiety: A randomized trial. Dental Research Journal, 20(1), 11.
DOI: 10.4103/1735-3327.367910
Smoking. Web-based ACT (Vet Flexiquit) vs. SmokefreeVET. N=49.
Heffner, J.L., Kelly, M.M., Reilly, E.D., Reece, S.G., Claudio, T., Serfozo, E., Baker, K., Watson, N.L., & Karekla, M. (2023). An Avatar-Led Web-Based and SMS Text Message Smoking Cessation Program for Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Veterans: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Formative Research, 7, e44503.
DOI: 10.2196/44503
Psychological resilience in hemodialysis patients. ACT vs MCT vs no additional treatment. N=54.
Tajbakhsh, R., Haddadi, S., Zeighami Mohammadi, S., Malihi Alzakerini, S., & Borumand, M. (2023). Comparison of the Effect of" Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and" Metacognitive Therapy" on the resilience of Women Undergoing Hemodialysis. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 12(3), 82-94.
DOI: 10.22034/JHPM.12.3.82
Depressive symptoms. Mobile app-based ACT vs Control Group. N=38.
Jung, N. & Kim, E. (2023). Development and Effectiveness of a Mobile App-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Psychiatric Patients Receiving Outpatient Treatment for Depressive Symptoms. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 23(2), 177-200.
DOI: 10.33703/cbtk.2023.23.2.177
Perceived stress and quality of life. ACT vs TAU. N=39.
Pahnke, J., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Andersson, G., Bjureberg, J., Jokinen, J., Bohman, B., & Lundgren, T. (2023). Acceptance and commitment therapy for autistic adults: A randomized controlled pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting. Autism, 27(5), 1461-1476.
DOI: 10.1177/13623613221140749
White matter plasticity; Depression; psychotic symptoms. ACT vs. topical discussion group. N=55.
Michielse, S., Bakker, J., Lange, I., Batink, T., Goossens, L., Wichers, M., Lieverse, R., Myin-Germeys, I., Schruers, K., van Amelsvoort, T., Viechtbauer, W., van Os, J., & Marcelis, M. (2023). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and white matter plasticity in individuals with subclinical depression and psychotic experiences: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Neuroimage: Reports, 3(4), 100190.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ynirp.2023.100190
Social Anxiety, Fears of Negative Evaluation, and Psychological Flexibility. Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy vs. No treatment control group. N=52.
Srichan, C., Yingsoong, A. & Pisitsungkagarn, K. (2023). The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Social Anxiety, Fears of Negative Evaluation, and Psychological Flexibility: an Initial Study in Thai Female Undergraduates. Int J Adv Counselling, 45, 687–707.
DOI: 10.1007/s10447-023-09524-1
2022 (n = 107)
Prevention of mental disorders in refugees. ACT (“Self-Help +”) vs. Enhanced Care as Usual. N=642.
Acarturk, C., Uygun, E., Ilkkursun, Z., . . . Barbui, C. (2022). Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention for preventing mental disorders among Syrian refugees in Turkey: A randomized controlled trial. World Psychiatry, 21, 88–95.
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20939
Smoking cessation. ACT phone coaching vs Standard quitline phone coaching. N=1170.
Bricker, J. B., Sullivan, B. M., Mull, K. E., Torres, A. J., & Carpenter, K. M. (2022). Full-scale randomized trial comparing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) telephone-delivered coaching with standard telephone-delivered coaching among Medicare/uninsured quitline callers. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 24(10), 1556–1566.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac052
Interpersonal violence and criminal behavior among males convicted of domestic violence; ACT vs Duluth Model Curriculum. N=338.
Zarling, A., & Russell, D. (2022). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and the Duluth Model classes for men court-mandated to a domestic violence program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 90(4), 326–338.
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000722
Feasibility and mental health / well-being in the workplace. Combination of ACT and CBT in app/website based modules to impact anxiety vs. stress, vs. resilience vs. no intervention. N = 383.
Economides, M., Bolton, H., Male, R., & Cavanagh, K. (2022). Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Web-Based and Mobile Interventions for Common Mental Health Problems in Working Adults: Multi-Arm Randomized Pilot Trial. JMIR Formative Research, 6(3), e34032.
DOI: 10.2196/34032
Treatment seeking for social anxiety. Education vs Education plys ACT & MI motivation. N = 267.
Tobias, M. R., Landy, L. N., Levin, M. E., & Arch, J. J. (2022). A Randomized Trial of Brief Online Interventions to Facilitate Treatment Seeking for Social Anxiety. Behavior Modification, 46(5), 1137-1166.
DOI: 10.1177/01454455211040051
Pain interference. ACT + exercise vs. exercise. N=175.
Casey, M-B., Smart, K. M., Segurado, R., Hearty, C., Gopal, H., Lowry, D., Flanagan, D., McCracken, L., & Doody, C. (2022). Exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ExACT) compared to a standalone supervised exercise programme for adults with chronic pain. Pain, 163(6), 1158-1171.
DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002487
Psychological distress of refugees. ACT self-help vs. wait list. N=124.
Acarturk, C., Kurt, G., Ilkkursun, Z., Uygun, E., & Karaoglan-Kahilogullari, A. (2022). “Doing What Matters in Times of Stress” to decrease psychological distress during COVID-19: A randomised controlled pilot trial. Intervention, 20(2), 170-178.
DOI: 10.4103/intv.intv_29_21
Emotional divorce and self efficacy in couples; Group ACT vs no treatment. N = 338.
Afshari, E., Ebrahimi, M.I., & Haddadi, A. (2022). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Emotional Divorce and Selfefficacy of Working Couples. Journal of Community Health Research, 11(4), 327-336.
DOI: 10.18502/jchr.v11i4.11734
Treatment initiation and reproductive planning postpartum among pregnant mothers using substances; MI+ACT vs TAU. N=64.
Stotts, A. L., Villarreal, Y. R., Green, C., Berens, P., Blackwell, S., Khan, A., Suchting, R., Velasquez, M., Markham, C., Klawans, M. R., & Northrup, T. F. (2022). Facilitating treatment initiation and reproductive care postpartum to prevent substance-exposed pregnancies: A randomized Bayesian pilot trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 239, 109602.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109602
Psychological distress and life satisfaction of high school students. School based ACT+FAP vs education as usual. N=94.
Macías, J., Schlosser, K. K., Bond, F. W., Blanca, M. J., & Valero-Aguayo, L. (2022). Enhancing students' well-being with a unified approach based on contextual behavioural science: A randomised experimental school-based intervention. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 14(3), 1022– 1036.
DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12365
Stress. Self as context vs. cognitive reappraisal. N=105.
Godbee, M. & Kangas, M. (2022). Focusing on the self in context as an emotion regulatory strategy: An evaluation of the “self-as-context” component of ACT compared to cognitive reappraisal in managing stress. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 35(5), 557-573.
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1985472
Various. Health Behavior App vs. ACT Matrix + Health Behavior App vs. Waitlist. N=102.
Levin, M. E., Krafft, J., Seifert, S. & Lillis, J. (2022). Tracking valued and avoidant functions with health behaviors: A randomized controlled trial of the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix mobile app. Behavior Modification, 46(1), 63–89.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445520913987
Distress over psychosis. ACT vs RAU. N=148.
Myin-Germeys, I., van Aubel, E., Vaessen, T., Steinhart, H., Klippel, A., Lafit, G., Viechtbauer, W., Batink, T., van Winkel, R., van der Gaag, M., van Amelsvoort, T., Marcelis, M., Schirmbeck, F., de Haan, L., & Reininghaus, U. (2022). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life in Early Psychosis: Results from the Multi-Center INTERACT Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 91, 411–423.
DOI: 10.1159/000522274
Qualitative study
Bouws, J., Henrard, A., de Koning, M., Schirmbeck, F., van Ghesel Grothe, S., van Aubel, E., Reininghaus, U., de Haan, L., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2024). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for individuals at risk for psychosis or with a first psychotic episode: A qualitative study on patients' perspectives. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(2), 122–131.
DOI: 10.1111/eip.13442 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Boyette, L-L., Schirmbeck, F., Vermeulen, J.M., van der Ven, E., van Aubel, E., Vaessen, T, Beijer-Klippel, A., Batink, T., van Winkel, R., van der Gaag, M., de Haan, L., Reininghaus, U., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2024). Neuroticism and Extraversion are modifiable by treatment in individuals at-risk for psychosis or with first-episode psychotic disorder. Personality and Individual Differences, 216, 112404.
DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2023.112404 (not counted separately from the study above)
Sleep quality in the elderly. ACT vs sleep hygiene vs ACT + sleep hygiene vs wait list. N=80.
Mottaghi, R., Maredpour, A., & Karamin, S. (2022). A comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and sleep hygiene education on sleep quality and physiological parameters in older adults. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing, 17(2), 170-185.
DOI: 10.32598/sija.2022.1438.3
Anxiety; Depression; Diabetes. ACT vs. TAU. N=40.
Khosravani, E., Moharer, G. S., Shirazi, M., & Rezaei, M. (2022). The effectiveness of accceptance and commitment-based therapy on anxiety, depression, and lipid profile in Type II diabetic patients. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 12, 125-125.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Journal Website
Weight loss among overweight adults. iACT vs. standard advice. N=388.
Mueller, J., Richards, R., Jones, R. A., Whittle, F., Woolston, J., Stubbings, M., Sharp, S. J., Griffin, S. J., Bostock, J., Hughes, C. A., Hill, A. J., & Ahern, A. L. (2022). Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): A randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention. Obesity Facts, 15(4), 550–559.
DOI: 10.1159/000524031
Qualitative study
Kudlek, L., Jones, R. A., Hughes, C., Duschinsky, R., Hill, A., Richards, R., Thompson, M., Vincent, A., Griffin, S. J. & Ahern, A. L. (2024). Experiences of emotional eating in an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based weight management intervention (SWiM): A qualitative study. Appetite, 193, 107138.
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107138 (not counted separately from the study above)
Qualitative study
Jones, R. A., Richards, R., Palat, R., Hughes, C., Hill, A. J., Vincent, A., Griffin, S. J., Ahern, A. L., & Duschinsky, R. (2022). Participants' experiences of mental health during a COVID-19 tailored ACT-based behavioural weight management intervention: a qualitative study. International journal of qualitative studies on health and well-being, 17(1), 2123093.
DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2123093 (not counted separately from the study above)
Follow-up Study
Mueller, J., Richards, R., Jones, R. A., Whittle, F., Woolston, J., Stubbings, M., Sharp, S. J., Griffin, S. J., Bostock, J., Hughes, C. A., Hill, A. J., Boothby, C. E., & Ahern, A. L. (2023). Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): twelve-month follow-up of a randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention. International journal of obesity, 47(1), 51–59.
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01232-x (not counted separately from the study above)
Anxiety symptoms in Iranian adolescent females. Culturally-adapted ACT vs wait list. N=71.
Zemestani, M., Hosseini, M., Petersen, J.M., & Twohig, M.P. (2022). A pilot randomized controlled trial of culturally-adapted, telehealth group acceptance and commitment therapy for iranian adolescent females reporting symptoms of anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 145-152.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.001
Arch, J.J., Crespi, C.M., Levin, M.E., Genung, S. R., Nealis, M., Mitchell, J.L., Bright, E.E., Albright, K., Magidson, J.F., & Stanton, A.L. (2022). Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of a Low-Touch Remotely-Delivered Values Intervention to Promote Adherence to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Among Breast Cancer Survivors. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 56(8), 856–871.
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab118
Secondary Analysis
Arch, J.J., Slivjak, E., Bright, E.E., et al. (2022). Leveraging values to promote adherence to endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors: A mixed-methods investigation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 122-129.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.07.002 (not counted separately from the study above)
Glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. ACT + TAU vs TAU. N=72.
Alho, I., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2022). Acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 153-161.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.08.002
Secondary Analysis
Alho, I., Lappalainen, P., & Lappalainen, R. (2024). Acceptability of ACT group intervention for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 31, 100722.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100722 (not counted separately from the study above)
Approach to feared stimuli. Values vs. arbitrary reward vs no reward. N=171.
Flynn, M.K. & Hebert, E.R. (2022). Values matter in approach behaviors: A replication using contamination anxiety behavioral approach tasks. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 23, 48-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.11.005
Quality of Life in informal caregivers. Group ACT vs wait list. N=40.
Hadavand, M., Zanjani, Z., Omidi, A., Atoof, F. & Fakharian, E. (2022). Acceptance and commitment: An intervention for improving family function and emotional problems in informal caregivers of people with severe traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial. Archives of Trauma Research, 11(2), 90-6.
DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_4_22
Sleep quality and quality of life in menopausal women. ACT vs routine health care. N=86.
Monfaredi, Z., Malakouti, J., Farvareshi, M. et al. (2022). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on mood, sleep quality and quality of life in menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 22, 108.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03768-8
Stigma, self-efficacy and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer stoma. ACT-based nursing vs routine nursing. N=80.
Cheng, H., & Zhu J. (2022). Influence of nursing intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on colorectal cancer patients with stoma. General Nursing, 20(19), 2681-2684.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/63803504/ji_yu_jie_na_cheng_nuo_liao_fa_de_hu_li_gan_yu_dui.htm
Osteoarthritis pain & functioning; Values + activity pacing vs TAU + fitness tracker. N=40.
Plumb Vilardaga, J. C., Kelleher, S. A., Diachina, A., Riley, J., & Somers, T. J. (2022). Linking physical activity to personal values: feasibility and acceptability randomized pilot of a behavioral intervention for older adults with osteoarthritis pain. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 8, 164.
DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01121-0
Exercise in sedentary college student. SDT+ACT, vs online psychoed vs no treatment. N=94.
Lev Arey, D., Blatt, A. & Gutman, T. (2022). A Self-Determination Theory and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based intervention aimed at increasing adherence to physical activity. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 935702.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.935702
Mindfulness and distress in college students; Internet ACT, stress management and mindfulness training vs. wait list. N=147.
Küchler, A. M., Kählke, F., Vollbrecht, D., Peip, K., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2022). Effectiveness, acceptability, and mechanisms of change of the internet-based intervention StudiCare Mindfulness for college students: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 13, 2140–2154.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01949-w
Depression severity and cardiovascular fitness on obesity. Health at Every Size + ACT vs. Weight Watchers. N=19.
Berman, M. I., Park, J., Kragenbrink, M. E., & Hegel, M. T. (2022). Accept yourself! A pilot randomized controlled trial of a self-acceptance-based treatment for large-bodied women with depression. Behavior Therapy, 53(5), 913-926.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.03.002
General mental health, depression, anxiety and stress of college students; iACT vs wait list. N=113.
Larsson, A., Hartley, S., & McHugh, L. (2022). A randomised controlled trial of brief web-based acceptance and commitment therapy on the general mental health, depression, anxiety and stress of college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 24, 10-17.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.005
Physical disability in chronic pain; Focused ACT vs enhanced TAU. N=26.
Kanzler, K. E., Robinson, P. J., McGeary, D. D., Mintz, J., Kilpela, L. S., Finley, E. P., ... & Pugh, J. (2022). Addressing chronic pain with Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in integrated primary care: Findings from a mixed methods pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Primary Care, 23(1), 77.
DOI: 10.1186/s12875-022-01690-2
Anxiety, depression, and stress in women with frequent miscarriages; ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Ghanbarpoor Ganjari, M., & Nourimoghadam, S. (2022). Anxiety, depression, and stress in women with frequent miscarriage experiences: Before and after Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(3), 2-9.
DOI: 10.30476/WHB.2022.92236.1138.
Shape and weight concerns in adolescent females. Gamified iACT vs wait list. N=92.
Karekla, M., Nikolaou, P., & Merwin, R. M. (2022). Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating AcceptME-A Digital Gamified Acceptance and Commitment Early Intervention Program for Individuals at High Risk for Eating Disorders.Journal of clinical medicine, 11(7), 1775.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071775
Depressive symptoms. Questionnaire + 1 session of Focused ACT-based behavioural activation vs Questionnaire alone. N=57.
Arroll, B., Frischtak, H., Roskvist, R., Mount, V., Sundram, F., Fletcher, S., Kingsford, D., Buttrick, L., Bricker, J., & van der Werf, B. (2022). FACT effectiveness in primary care: A single visit RCT for depressive symptoms. The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 57(2), 91-102.
DOI: 10.1177/00912174211010536
Patient fatigue interference and caregiver burden in advanced gastrointestinal cancer. ACT vs. education and support. N=30 dyads.
Mosher, C. E., Secinti, E., Wu, W., Kashy, D. A., Kroenke, K., Bricker, J. B., Helft, P. R., Turk, A. A., Loehrer, P. J., Sehdev, A., Al-Hader, A. A., Champion, V. L., & Johns, S. A. (2022). Acceptance and commitment therapy for patient fatigue interference and caregiver burden in advanced gastrointestinal cancer: Results of a pilot randomized trial. Palliative Medicine, 36(7), 1104–1117.
DOI: 10.1177/02692163221099610
Secondary Analysis
Burns, M.F., Secinti, E., Johns, S.A., Wu, W., ... Mosher, C.E. (2023). Impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on physical and psychological symptoms in advanced gastrointestinal cancer patients and caregivers: Secondary results of a pilot randomized trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 107-115.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.001 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Carvalho, S. A., Skvarc, D., Barbosa, R., Tavares, T., Santos, D., Trindade, I. A. (2022). A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) versus Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) for chronic illness. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(2), 524– 541.
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2643 (not counted separately from the study above)
Stress. ACT vs. Wait-list. N=22.
Lee, G. & Shin, H. (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Job-Seeking Stress, Self-Efficacy, Experiential Avoidance, Depression, and Anxiety. Stress, 30(4), 277-287.
DOI: 10.17547/kjsr.2022.30.4.277 [Article in Korean]
OCD. ACT vs control group. N=44
Lee, S., Choi, M., & Lee, S. (2022). Effectiveness of a Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a University Hospital. Journal of the Korean Society of Biological Therapies in Psychiatry, 28(1), 49-56.
Retrieved from: https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE11039094 [Article in Korean]
Intimacy and family functioning in divorce-seeking couples; ACT vs IBCT vs wait list. N=45 couples.
Mousavi Haghighi, S. E., Pooladi Rishehri, A., & Mousavi, S. A. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Integrated Behavioral Couples Therapy on intimacy and family functioning in divorce-seeking couples. Journal of Research & Health, 12(3), 167-176.
DOI: 10.32598/JRH.12.3.1972.1
Quality of life of children with diabetes or functional disability. iACT for parents vs. wait list. N=66.
Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, R., Lappalainen, P. & Hiltunen, A.. (2022). Effects of an Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention on Children’s Quality of Life. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 31, 1079–1093.
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02234-z
Psychological distress in chronic pain. ACT vs ACT + self-compassion focused exercises. N=16.
Carvalho, S. A., Gillanders, D., Forte, T., Trindade, I.A., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Lapa, T., Valentim, A., Santos, E., Paciência, J., Guiomar, R., & Castilho, P. (2022). Self-compassion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: A pilot study. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 22(3), 631-638.
DOI: 10.1515/sjpain-2021-0214
Reducing Depression in Post-Stroke Patients. ACT vs Control Group. N=6.
Sari, N., Utami, M.S.S., & Rahayu, E. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Reducing Depression in Post-Stroke Patients. Philanthropy, Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 13-31.
DOI: 10.26623/philanthropy.v6i1.4681 [Article in Indonesian]
Mental Health and Resiliency of Migrant Live-in Caregivers; iACT-base resilience program vs waitlist. N=29.
Vahabi M, Pui-Hing Wong J, Moosapoor M, Akbarian A, Fung K (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Mental Health and Resiliency of Migrant Live-in Caregivers in Canada: Pilot Randomized Wait List Controlled Trial. JMIR Formative Research, 6(1), e32136.
DOI: 10.2196/32136
Anxiety and depression in high school students. ACT vs supportive care. N=100.
Shiri, S., Farshbaf-Khalili, A., Esmaeilpour, K., & Sattarzadeh, N. (2022). The effect of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, depression, and quality of life among female adolescent students. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 11, 66.
Retrievd from: www.jehp.net
Depression among University students; iACT vs wait list. N=182.
Zhao, C., Wampold, B. E., Ren, Z., Zhang, L., & Jiang, G. (2022). The efficacy and optimal matching of an Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depressive symptoms among university students: A randomized controlled trial in China. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78, 1354– 1375.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23329
Psychological distress and burnout among healthcare staff. ACT vs waitlist. N=98.
Prudenzi, A., Graham, C. D., Flaxman, P. E., Wilding, S., Day, F., & O’Connor, D. B. (2022). A workplace Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for improving healthcare staff psychological distress: A randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE 17(4), e0266357.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266357
Obesity. ACT Self-Help + Coaching vs. ACT Self-Help + Email Prompts vs. Waitlist. N=55.
Potts, S., Krafft, J., & Levin, M. E. (2022). A pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy guided self-help for overweight and obese adults high in weight self-stigma. Behavior Modification, 46(1),178-201.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445520975112
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Paranoia in adolescents. Values + goals vs. active control. N=90.
Parker, A., & Kingston, J. (2022). Evaluating a values-based intervention for adolescence with high nonclinical paranoia: A schools-based randomised control trial. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 46, 620–628.
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10278-6
Well-being and emotional eating among obese adolescents; ACT+TAU vs TAU. N=34.
Guerrini Usubini, A., Cattivelli, R., Radaelli, A., Bottacchi, M., Landi, G., Tossani, E., Grandi, S., Castelnuovo, G., & Sartorio, A. (2022). Preliminary Results from the ACTyourCHANGE in Teens Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Obesity. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5635.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095635
Pain during intercourse. iACT vs TAU. N=99.
Engström, A. H., Bohm-Starke, N., Kullinger, M., Hesselman, S., Högberg, U., Buhrman, M., & Skalkidou, A. (2022). Internet-based treatment for vulvodynia (EMBLA) – A randomized controlled study. The Journal of Sexual Medicine, 19(2), 319-330.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2021.11.019
Interoceptive intolerance during exercise. ACT + exposure vs. activity monitoring only. N=19.
Farris S. G. & Kibbey, M. M. (2022). Be brave, BE-FIT! A pilot investigation of an ACT-informed exposure intervention to reduce exercise fear-avoidance in older adults. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 51(4), 273-294,
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2037017
Emotional availability and parent and child adjustment in families of children with cerebral palsy. Parenting ACT vs. wait list. N=67.
Whittingham, K., Sheffield, J., Mak, C., Wright, A., & Boyd, R. N. (2022). Parenting Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An RCT of an online course with families of children with CP. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 155, 104129.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104129
Perfectionism. PBT w/ ACT&CBT in two randomized orders. N=77.
Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., Levin, M. E. & Twohig, M. P. (2022). Online process-based training for perfectionism: A randomized trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 156, 104152.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104152
Anxiety in college students. Group ACT vs waitlist. N = 15.
Almeida, R. B. de, Demenech, L. M., Sousa-Filho, P. G. de, & Neiva-Silva, L. (2022). ACT em grupo para manejo de ansiedade entre universitários: Ensaio clínico randomizado. Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão, 42, 1-17.
DOI: 10.1590/1982-3703003235684
Cognitive impairment and emotional avoidance in MS; ACT vs emotion regulation training from DBT vs no treatment. N=45.
Dehghani Bidgoli, T., Mahdian, H., & Ghasemi Motlagh, M. (2022). Comparison of the effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Failures and Emotional Avoidance in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 28(6), 936-949.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available through journal website
Psychological distress. ACT vs emotional regulation training vs no treatment. N=45.
Bidgoli, T. D., Mehdian, H., & Shakiba, A. (2022). The effectiveness of emotion regulation training and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on psychological pain in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Journal of Research in Psychopathology, 3(7), 38–50.
DOI: 10.22098/jrp.2022.10367.1068
Internalized shame of patients with vitiligo. ACT vs CFT vs TAU. N=45.
Soleymanpour, M., Pirkhaefi, A., & Zahrakar, K. (2022). Comparison of effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) on internalized shame in patients with vitiligo. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 30(2), 82-96.
URL: https://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-7265-en.pdf
Muscle pain in rheumatoid arthritis patients. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Malek-Mohammadi-Memar, S., & Zoghi Paydar, M. R. (2022). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on muscle pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 30(2),51-62
URL: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-7314-en.html
Disease adjustment in diabetes. ACT vs Diabetes Self-Care Management vs no additional treatment. N=60.
Soltanian, N., Boogar, I. R., & Talepasand, S. (2022). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Health-Promoting Lifestyle Intervention on Disease Perception and Adjustment with Type 2 Diabetes.Journal of Psychological Achievements, 29(1), 139-160.
DOI: 10.22055/psy.2021.36614.2669
Body image concern in depressed elderly clients; ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Shirazipour, M. M. (2022). The effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment to reduce rumination and worry about body image of the elderly with depression. Fundamentals of Mental Health, 24 (1), 21-28.
Full Text at journal website: http://jfmh.mums.ac.ir
Quality of life in fibromyalgia patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Boushehri, F. M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Experience of Pain Intensity and Life Quality of Women with Fibromyalgia Syndrome. International Journal of Medical Investigation, 11(1)
URL: http://intjmi.com/article-1-737-en.html
Self-identify, quality of life, and resilience of college students. ACT + music relaxation vs TAU. N=80.
Yin, J. (2022). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy combined with music relaxation therapy on the self-identity of college students. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, 8422903.
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8422903
OCD symptoms; Sertraline + ACT) vs transcranial magnetic stimulation. N=63.
Zou, J. Z., Wu, S. L., Yuan, X., Hu, Z. Z., Tang, J., & Hu, M.R. (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 720518
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.720518
Mental and social health of adolescent girls. ACT + STD vs TAU wait list. N=89.
White, K., Lubans, D.R. & Eather, N. (2022). Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a school-based health and well-being program for adolescent girls. Pilot Feasibility Studies, 8, 15.
DOI:10.1186/s40814-021-00964-3
Post-divorce adjustment. ACT vs CFT vs no treatment. N=45.
Ardeshirzadeh, M., Bakhtiarpour, S., Homaei, R., Eftekhar Saadi, Z. (2022). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on post-divorce adjustment in divorced women referred to counseling center in Ahvaz. Journal of Health Sciences & Surveillance System, 10 (1), 36-43.
DOI: 10.30476/jhsss.2021.89547.1167
Self-management and resilience of cardiac patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=98.
Cao, J., Sun, P., Zhang, L., Chen, X., Gui, W., Ou, A, Chec, K., & Ma, L. (2022). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on self-management skills and psychological resilience of young and middle-aged patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention for primary myocardial infarction: A pilot study. Trials, 23, 32.
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-021-05923-0
Depression and neurological functioning in stroke patients. Group ACT vs. TAU. N=104.
Niu, Y., Sheng, S., Chen, Y., Ding, J., Li, H. Shi, S. Wu, J. & Ye, D. (2022). The Efficacy of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Preventing Post-Stroke Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 31(2), 106225.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.106225
Psychological flexibility in substance use. ACT vs. no treatment. N=40.
Hoseininezhad, N., Alborzi, M., & MamSharifi, P. (2022). Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for psychological flexibility in drug-abusing mothers. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(107), 2011- 2025.
DOI: 10.52547/JPS.20.107.2011
Financial literacy and mental accounting ability. Group ACT for finance vs. no treatment. N=40.
Tavakoli Zaniyani, N., Taherinia, M., Jalali Dehkordi, D., & Gvaki, E. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Financial Therapy on Financial Literacy, Personal Financial Management and Mental Accounting. International Journal of Finance & Managerial Accounting, 6(24), 227-239.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://www.ijfma.ir/article_18072.html
Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients with Acute Cerebral Infarction. ACT based nursing vs TAU. N=140.
Wang, X., Chen, J., Liu, Y., & Wu, Y. (2022). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on psychological nursing of acute cerebral infarction with insomnia, anxiety, and depression. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine, 8538656.
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8538656
Cognitive fusion, psychological flexibility, negative body image. Group-based ACT vs control group. N=86.
Fang, S., Ding, D., Ji, P., Huang, M., & Hu, K. (2022). Cognitive Defusion and Psychological Flexibility Predict Negative Body Image in the Chinese College Students: Evidence from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(24), 16519.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416519
Anxiety in medical students undergoing clinical exams. ACT vs. no treatment. N=22.
Pang, N. T. P., Koh, E., Mohd Kassim, M. A., Shoesmith, W. D., Kamu, A., Ho, C. M., Ng, J. R., et al. (2022). Enhancing final-year medical students’ clinical examinations performance via a transdiagnostic ACT-based intervention. Sustainability, 14(13), 7522.
DOI: 10.3390/su14137522
Burnout in dementia professionals. ACT vs. waitlist. N=105.
Montaner, X., Tárrega, S., Pulgarin, M. & Moix, J. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Professional Dementia Caregivers Burnout. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(4), 915-926.
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1920530
Wellbeing in marital conflict. ACT vs psychodrama. N=30.
Amoosoltani, S., Ameri, F., Mehrinejad, A., & Ahadi, B. (2022). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Psychodrama on psychological wellbeing in women involved in marital conflict. Psychological Studies, 18(1), 55-68.
DOI: 10.22051/PSY.2021.18083.2388
OCD symptoms. ACT+SSRIs, vs. Exposure and response prevention +SSRI, vs. continued SSRIs. N=40.
Zemestani M, Salavati M, Seyedolshohadayi A, et al. (2022). A Preliminary Examination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Versus Exposure and Response Prevention for Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder on an Optimal Dose of SSRIs: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Iran. Behavior Modification, 46(3), 553-580.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445520982977
Stress, burnout, and transfer burden in veterinary healthcare teams. ACT vs. wait list. N=143.
Spitznagel, M. B., Updegraff, A. S. G., Was, C., Martin, J. T., Sislak, M., Wiborg, L., & Twohig, M. P. (2022). An acceptance and commitment training program reduces burden transfer, stress, and burnout among veterinary healthcare teams. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 260(12), 1554-1561.
DOI: 10.2460/javma.22.05.0196
Trichotillomania symptoms. ACT-enhanced behavior therapy vs psycho ed and support. N=85.
Woods, D. W., Ely, L. J., Bauer, C. C., Twohig, M. P., Saunders, S. M., Compton, S. N., Espil, F. M., Neal-Barnett, A., Alexander, J. R., Walther, M. R., Cahill, S. P., Deckersbach, T., & Franklin, M. E. (2022). Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania in adults: A randomized clinical trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 158, 104187.
DOI:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104187.
Mediational Study
Ong, C.W., Woods, D.W., Franklin, M.E., Saunders, S.M., Neal-Barnett, A.M., Compton, S.N., & Twohig, M.P. (2023). The role of psychological flexibility in acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Moderation and mediation findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 164, 104302.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302 (not counted separately from the study above)
Symptoms, depression, and emotional competencies in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. MBSR vs. wait-list. N=76.
Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., Esmaeili, L., Mokhtari, F., Sadeghi, L., Afsharzadeh, M., Shaygannejad, V., Mirmosayyeb, O., Goldstein-Piekarski, A. N., Gross, J. J. (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) on symptoms and emotional competencies in individuals with multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 104029.
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.104029.
Sleep quality of women with chronic pain. ACT vs pharmacotherapy vs transcranial direct current stimulation vs control group. N=60.
Lotfi Jabali, A., Mojtabaei, M., & Mirhashemi, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation, and Pharmacotherapy on The Sleep Quality of Women with Chronic Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Jundishapur Journal of Chronic Disease Care, 11(3), e123365.
DOI: 10.5812/jjcdc-123365
Distress in parents of special needs children. ACT vs Parent training as usual. N=60.
Çiçek Gümüş, E., Öncel, S. (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-based interventions on the mental states of parents with special needs children: Randomized controlled trial. Current Psychology.
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03760-1
Oppositional behavior in pre-school children and maternal life satisfaction; ACT-based parent training vs. filial therapy based parent training vs. no treatment. N=48.
Jalali, D., Aghaee, A., & Shamsipoor, M. (2022). The effectiveness of parent training based Acceptance and Commitment and Filial Therapy on oppositional defiant disorder in pre-school children and life satisfaction of mothers. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 23(1), 137-154.
DOI: 10.30486/JSRP.2020.583896.1668
Fatigue interference and health-related quality of life in lung cancer patients. ACT vs TAU. N=40.
Li, H., Jin, X., Ng, M. S. N., Mann, K. F., Wang, N., & Wong, C. L. (2022). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on fatigue interference and health-related quality of life amongst patients with advanced lung cancer: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 9,100102.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2022.100102
Distress in patients with systemic lupus erythematous. ACT vs. TAU. N=40
Akhtar, Z., & Majeed, S. (2022). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychological distress in patients with systemic lupus erythematous. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, 16(9), 96-98.
DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2216996
Sleep quality and quality of life of cardiovascular patients. ACT vs TAU. N=40.
Mohammadi, S., Fattahi, A., Jaberghaderi, N., Kheirabadi, Z., & Bakhtiari, M. (2022). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on sleep quality and quality of life of patients with cardiovascular problems. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 9(3), 85-96.
DOI: 10.32598/shenakht.9.3.85
Death anxiety and depression in the elderly; ACT vs positive therapy vs. no treatment. N=30.
Dinarvand, N., Barghi Irani, Z., & Forstmeier, S. (2022). A comparison of the effectiveness of positive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the anxiety and depression of the elderly living in nursing homes. Aging Psychology, 8(2), 189-203.
DOI: 10.22126/JAP.2022.7763.1623
Chronic pain associated disability. ACT vs enhanced TAU. N=89.
Braun, L., Terhorst, Y., Titzler, I., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D.D., & Baumeister, H. (2022). Lessons learned from an attempted pragmatic randomized controlled trial for improvement of chronic pain-sssociated disability in green professions: Long-term effectiveness of guided online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT-A). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13858.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113858
Occupational stress in veterinarians. ACT vs. no treatment. N=34.
Spitznagel, M. B., Updegraff, A. S. G., Twohig, M. P., Carlson, M. D., & Fulkerson, C. M. (2022). Reducing occupational distress in veterinary medicine personnel with acceptance and commitment training: A pilot study. New Zealand Veterinary Journal, 70(6), 319-325.
DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2021.1938270
Paranoid thoughts in women with postpartum depression. ACT vs CBT vs no treatment. N=45.
Sadeghirad, S., Peyvandi, P., Mohammadi Shir Nahale, F., Hossein Zade Taghvai, M., & Borjali, A. (2022). Comparison of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on paranoid thoughts in women with postpartum depression. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(1), 271-286.
DOI: 10.22059/japr.2022.318049.643739
Cognitive flexibility in mothers of children with autism. ACT vs CBT vs no treatment. N=45.
Behnamfar, K., Rajaei, A.R., & Teymouri, S. (2022). Comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive flexibility in mothers with autistic children. Social Determinants of Health, 8(1), 1-9.
DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v8i1.37302
Deterministic and positive thinking in couples. ACT and self-compassion vs no treatment. N=36.
Mohammadi Farshi A, Shahnazari M, Bahrami Hydaji M, Peyvandi P, Mohammadi Shirmahaleh F. (2022). Evaluation of the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on acceptance and commitment with a focus on self-compassion on deterministic thinking and positive thinking in couples. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 24(1), 98-114.
DOI: 10.30514/icss.24.1.98
Death Anxiety, Happiness and Resilience in the Elderly; ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Nasirnia Samakosh, A., & Yousefi, N. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Death Anxiety, Happiness and Resilience in the Elderly. Aging Psychology, 8(2), 161-149.
DOI: 10.22126/jap.2022.7918.1630
Symptom control, QOL, and mood status of asthmatic patients. ACT plus medical therapy vs medically treated only. N=32.
Zargar, F., Rabiei, M., Naderi, Z., & Tarrahi, M.J. (2022). The Effect of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Management of Asthma: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1), e114534.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.114534
Medical compliance and life expectancy in Type II Diabetes patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Nikrouy, Z., Hassanzadeh, R., & Heydari, S. (2022). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on life expectancy and following the doctor's orders in Type 2 Diabetics. Community Health Journal, 16(3), 80-88.
DOI: 10.22123/chj.2022.301203.1779
Physical disability in elderly osteoarthritis patients. Physical therapist delivered ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Nagasawa, Y., Shibata, A., Fukamachi, H., Ishii, K., & Oka, K. (2022). Physical therapist-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy and exercise for older outpatients with knee osteoarthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 34(12), 784-790.
DOI: 10.1589/jpts.34.784
Distress among suicidal patients. ACT vs Integrated. N=24.
Hamidi, M., Lotifi Kashani, F., Ahi, Q., & Hojjat, S. K. (2022). Comparison of the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and integrated approach among psychological distress in people with suicide attempts. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, 14(1), 87-94.
DOI: 10.52547/nkums.14.1.86
Recovery and acceptance in psychosis. Group ACT vs TAU. N=17.
Jeong, N., Jeon, H., You, D., & Lee, Y. S. (2022). Effects of structured group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychological acceptance and recovery among inpatients with psychotic disorder: A pilot study. Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research, 25(2), 32-42.
DOI: 10.16946/kjsr.2022.25.2.32 [Article in Korean]
Adjustment to illness and perceived burden in kidney dialysis patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=90.
WANG, Z. & CAI, T. (2022). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on the disease adaptability and self-perceived burden among patients undergoing early stage of peritoneal dialysis. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 2022(14), 1080-1085.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/63227108/Effects_of_acceptance_and_commitment_therapy_on_the_disease_adaptabili.htm
Resiliency and Quality of Life Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients. ACT vs CBT vs control group. N=30.
Karimi, M., Narenji Thani, F., Naqhsh, Z., & Ghazaghi, T. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Enhancing Resiliency and Quality of Life Among Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1), e107467.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.107467
Psychological distress of TBI caregivers; CBT vs ACT vs wait list. N=72.
Faghihi, A., Zanjani, Z., Omidi, A. & Fakharian, E. (2022). A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy received by patients with major depressive disorder following traumatic brain injury for emotional status and quality of life of their caregivers: A randomized controlled trial. Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior, 5(1), 24-32.
DOI: 10.4103/shb.shb_19_22
Social disability, self-esteem and quality of light in persons with psychosis. ACT vs. TAU. N=68.
XUE, C. (2022). Effect of group acceptance commitment therapy intervention on rehabilitation of schizophrenics. International Journal of Nursing, 2022(1), 65-70.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/62649105/Effect_of_group_acceptance_commitment_therapy_intervention_on_rehabili.htm
Work stress. TAU vs Habit trng/MI/ACT. N=49.
Muuraiskangas, S.T., Honka, A.M,, Junno, U., Nieminen, H.O., Kaartinen, J.K. (2022) A Technology-Assisted Telephone Intervention for Work-Related Stress Management: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(7), e26569.
DOI: 10.2196/26569
Well-being, psychological distress, and emotion regulation in medical students; ACT vs MBSR wait list. N=45.
Googhari, Z.S., Hafezi, F., Asgari, P., & Heidari, A. (2022). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on medical science students’ subjective well-being, psychological distress, and emotion regulation. Journal of Shahrekord University Medical Sciences, 24(1), 35-41.
DOI: 10.34172/jsums.2022.07
Self-esteem and cognitive flexibility in Women experiencing infidelity. ACT vs No Treatmeant. N=30 couples.
Hosseinzadeh oskooei, A., Samadi Kashan, S., Zamani Zarchi, M. S., Asadi Asadabad, R., & Bakhtiari, M. (2022). The Efficacy of Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive Flexibility and Self-Esteem in Women Who Have Experienced the Trauma of Infidelity. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(4), 203-216.
DOI: 10.22059/japr.2023.329770.643974
Perceived stress among women with breast cancer; Positive thinking training vs ACT vs wait list. N=45.
Kianpour Barjoee, L., Amini, N., Keykhosrovani, M., & Shafiabadi, A. (2022). The Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Perceived Stress among Women with Breast Cancer. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(1), 9-16.
DOI: 10.30476/whb.2022.93905.1159
PTSD symptoms and quality of social relationships. ACT-Social Support. vs. Person Center Therapy. N=40.
Kelly, M.M., Reilly, E.D., Ameral, V., Richter, S., & Fukuda, S. (2022). A Randomized Pilot Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Improve Social Support for Veterans with PTSD. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(12), 3482.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123482
OCD symptoms. ACT vs CBT, vs MCT, vs MiCBT. N=80.
Derakhtkar, A., Khezrimoghadam, N., & Fazilatpour, M. (2022). The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Integrated Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (MiCBT), Meta-Cognitive Therapy (MCT), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). International Journal of Health Studies, 8(2), 46-52.
DOI: 10.22100/ijhs.v8i2.876
Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes; Mindfulness+ACT (MAC) vs psycheducational group. N=40.
Mohebi, M., Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., Zarei, S., Gharayagh Zandi, H., & Brand, S. (2022). Examining the Effects of Mindfulness–Acceptance–Commitment Training on Self-Compassion and Grit among Elite Female Athletes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 134.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010134
Parents, Cerebral Palsy. ACT vs no treatment. N=40.
Olayinka-Aliu, D.A. (2022). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Health and Inflexibility among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Tazkiya Journal Of Psychology, 10(2), 165-177.
Retrieved from https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/23175
Depression and quality of life in OCD; ACT vs SSRIs. N=27.
Ebrahimi, A., Nasre Esfahan, E., Akuchekian, S., Izadi, R., Shaneh, E., & Mahaki, B. (2022). A randomized clinical trial: Comparison of group acceptance and commitment therapy with drug on quality of life and depression in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 27, 9.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://jrms.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrms/article/view/11308
2021 (n = 157)
Weight loss. Telephone-based ACT vs Standard behavior therapy. N=105.
Bricker, J.B., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., & Forman, E.M. (2021). Efficacy of telehealth acceptance and commitment therapy for weight loss: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Translational Behavioral Medicine, 11(8), 1527–1536.
DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibab012
Mental disorder prevention in refugees. ACT self-help vs. Enhanced TAU. N=459.
Purgato, M., Carswell, K., Tedeschi, F., Acarturk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., Bajbouj, M., Baumgartner, J., Biondi, M., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Koesters, M., Gastaldon, C., Ilkkursun, Z., Lantta, T., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., Papola, D., Popa, M., Roselli, V., Sijbrandij, M., Tarsitani, L., Turrini, G., Välimäki, M., Walker, L., Wancata, J., Zanini, E., White, R., van Ommeren, M., & Barbui, C. (2021). Effectiveness of Self-Help Plus in preventing mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers in Western Europe: A multinational randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90, 403–414.
DOI: 10.1159/000517504
Secondary Analysis
Turrini, G., Purgato, M., Tedeschi, F., Acartürk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., . . . Barbui, C. (2022). Long-term effectiveness of Self-Help Plus in refugees and asylum seekers resettled in Western Europe: 12-month outcomes of a randomised controlled trial. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 31, E39.
DOI: 10.1017/S2045796022000269 (not counted separately from the study above)
Pain interference in Neurofibromatosis Type 1. ACT + iACT vs. wait list. N=60.
Martin, S., Allen, T., Toledo-Tamula, M.A., Struemph, K., Reda, S., Wolters, P.L., Baldwin, A., Quinn, M., Widemann, B.C. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents and adults with neurofibromatosis Type 1, plexiform neurofibromas, and chronic pain: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22, 93-101.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.10.003
Health in adolescents with chronic multiple functional somatic syndromes (FSS). ACT vs Enhanced care as usual. N=91.
Kallesøe, K. H., Schröder, A., Jensen, J. S., Wicksell, R. K., & Rask, C. U. (2021). Group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (AHEAD) for adolescents with multiple functional somatic syndromes: A randomised trial. JCPP Advances, 1(4), e12047.
DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12047
Stigma in patients with colorectal cancer stoma; ACT-based nursing vs routine nursing. N=60.
Ji, X., Yuan, K., & Liu, M. (2021). Influence of nursing intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on stigma in patients with colorectal cancer stoma. General Nursing, 19(30), 4269-4272.
Stress. ACT Online vs. Traditional CBT Online. N=42.
Barrett, K, & Stewart, I. (2021). A preliminary comparison of the efficacy of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) stress management interventions for social and healthcare workers. Health and Social Care in the Community, 29, 113– 126
DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13074
Adolescent well-being. 30 min computerized "third wave" mind-set intervention vs. normal curriculum. N=80.
Perkins, AM, Bowers, G, Cassidy, J, Meiser‐Stedman, R, Pass, L. (2021). An enhanced psychological mindset intervention to promote adolescent wellbeing within educational settings: A feasibility randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77, 946– 967
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23104
Chronic pain for military and police. Online ACT vs. waitlist. N=29.
Buhler, J. N., Holens, P. L. & Sharpe, S. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of an online acceptance and commitment therapy-based intervention for chronic pain for military and police. Military Behavioral Health, 9(4), 463-474.
DOI: 10.1080/21635781.2021.1982086
Stress and health-related quality of life in carers. ACT Self-Help vs. ACT Self-Help + Phone Support vs. TAU. N=24.
Potter, K-J., Golijana-Moghaddam, N., Evangelou, N., Mhizha-Murira, J. R., & das Nair, R. (2021). Self-help acceptance and commitment therapy for carers of people with multiple sclerosis: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 28, 279–294.
DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09711-x
Trichotillomania. Online ACT + behavior therapy vs. waitlist control. N=28.
Twohig, M. P., Petersen, J. M., Fruge, J., Ong, C. W., Barney, J. L., Krafft, J., Lee, E. B., & Levin, M. E. (2021). A pilot randomized controlled trial of online-delivered ACT-enhanced behavior therapy for Trichotillomania in adolescents. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 28(4), 653-668.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.01.004
Secondary Analysis
Petersen, J.M., Capel, L.K., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.P. (2022). Moderators and processes of change in a pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania in adolescents. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 35, 100757.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100757 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Petersen, J.M., Barney, J.L., Fruge, J.E., Lee, E.B., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M. P. (2022). Longitudinal outcomes from a pilot randomized controlled trial of telehealth acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for adolescents with trichotillomania. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 33, 100725
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100725 (not counted separately from the study above)
Weight loss maintenance. ACT workshop vs Self-regulation vs TAU. N=102.
Lillis, J., Dunsiger, S., Thomas, J.G., Ross, K. M., & Wing, R. R. (2021). Novel behavioral interventions to improve long-term weight loss: A randomized trial of acceptance and commitment therapy or self-regulation for weight loss maintenance. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 44, 527-540.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-021-00215-z
Adolescents' career preparation. iACP vs iACT plus 2 face-to-face sessions vs. no treatment. N=249.
Kiuru, N., Puolakanaho, A., Lappalainen, P., Keinonen, K., Mauno, S., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2021). Effectiveness of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy program for adolescent career preparation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 103578.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103578
Non-clinical paranoia. Values & goals vs. goals only vs reflecting on least important value. N=93.
Davies, M., Ellett, L. & Kingston, J. (2021). A randomised comparison of values and goals, versus goals only and control, for high nonclinical paranoia. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 45, 1213-1221.
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10226-4
Mental health in distressed adolescents. ACT + exercise vs. routine care. N=90.
Xu, W., Shen, W., & Wang, S. (2021). Intervention of adolescent' mental health during the outbreak of COVID-19 using aerobic exercise combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Children and Youth Services Review, 124, 105960.
DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2021.105960
Anxiety. Cognitive Defusion vs. Self-affirmation vs. No Treatment. N=63.
Brandrick, C., Hooper, N., Roche, B., Kanter, J., & Tyndall, I. (2021). A comparison of ultra-brief cognitive defusion and positive self-affirmation interventions on the reduction of public speaking anxiety. The Psychological Record, 71,109-117.
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-020-00432-z
Chronic pain. iACT vs wait list. N=113.
Rickardsson, J., Gentili, C., Holmström, L., Zetterqvist, V., Andersson, E., Persson, J., Lekander, M., Ljótsson, B., & Wicksell, R. K. (2021). Internet‐delivered acceptance and commitment therapy as microlearning for chronic pain: A randomized controlled trial with 1‐year follow‐up. European Journal of Pain, 25, 1012– 1030.
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1723
Psychological distress in college students. ACT group vs wait list. N=71.
Christodoulou, V., Flaxman, P.E. & Lloyd, J. (2021), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Group Format for College Students. Journal of College Counseling, 24, 210-223.
DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12192
Various. Online ACT Open vs. Engaged vs. Combined. N=55.
Petersen, J. M., Krafft, J., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2021). Evaluating the open and engaged components of acceptance and commitment therapy in an online self-guided website: Results from a pilot trial. Behavior Modification, 45,(3), 480-501.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445519878668
Rumination and resilience in colorectal cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=136
LV, Y., LI, D., & DONG, N. (2021). Effects of group acceptance and commitment therapy on ruminant contemplation and psychological coherence in patients with colorectal cancer. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2021(07), 1055-1059.
DOI:10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.07.022
Well-being and coping styles of patients with artificial airways in ICU. ACT vs. TAU. N=120
PANG, Y. (2021). Influence of acceptance and commitment therapy on subjective well-being and coping styles of patients with artificial airway in intensive care unit. China Modern Medicine, 2021(18), 259-264.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDAUTO&filename=ZGUD202118070
Mental andphysical health in liver transplant donors and their spouses. ACT vs TAU. N=160.
LI, L., YANG, L., DONG, C., YANG, Q., SUN, X., LIAO, Z.(2021). Impact of personalized psychological intervention based upon acceptance and commitment therapy on pediatric liver transplantation donors and spouses. Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation, 2021(6), 349-353.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/61752198/Impact_of_personalized_psychological_intervention_based_upon_acceptanc.htm
Psych fex/inflex, acceptance, self-efficacy and distress in chronic pain; Multimodal pain rehab alone or with iACT. N=122.
Bendelin, N., Gerdle, B., Blom, M., Södermark, M., & Andersson, G. (2021). Internet-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Added to Multimodal Pain Rehabilitation: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(24), 5872.
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10245872
Resilience andcoping of gastric cancer surgery patients. ACT vs. routine nursing. N=100.
Guan, X, Feng, M., & Mao, X. (2021). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience and coping style of patients undergoing radical gastrectomy. Health Research, 41(03), 340-342,345.
DOI: 10.19890/j.cnki.issn1674-6449.2021.03.023
Psychological resilience, post-traumatic growth,and quality of life of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.ACT vs TAU. N=88.
Zhang, Y., Pan, P., Li, Y., Zhu, A., & Sheng, L. (2021). Application effect of acceptance and commitment nursing therapy in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Modern Nursing, 2021(4), 512-516.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://caod.oriprobe.com/articles/60726892/Application_effect_of_acceptance_and_commitment_nursing_therapy_in_pat.htm
Negative emotionsand self-efficacy of hemiplegia patients with cerebral infarction. ACT vs.routine nursing. N=81.
Shi, J. & Wang, Q. (2021). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on negative emotions and self-efficacy in hemiplegic patients with cerebral infarction. Journal of Binzhou Medical College, 44(01), 72-75.
DOI: 10.19739/j.cnki.issn1001-9510.2021.01.016
Rumination and quality of life in patients with traumatic amputation. ACT vs. health education. N=68.
ZHANG, H., WANG, H., & GUO, Y. (2021). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on ruminant meditation and quality of life in patients with traumatic amputation. China Journal of Health Psychology, 2021(07), 965-969.
DOI: 10.13342/j.cnki.cjhp.2021.07.002
Quality of life and symptom severity of schizophrenic convalescent patients. ACT vs. psychoeducation. N=60.
Yu, F., Liu, H., Li, X., & Huang, J. (2021). Effect of group acceptance commitment therapy on quality of life of convalescent patients with schizophrenia. 心理月刊, 2021(08), 51-52.
DOI:10.19738/j.cnki.psy.2021.08.026
Bodily concerns and rumination in people with vitiligo. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Homaei, R., Hafezi, F., & Daneshi, R. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Rumination in Individuals with Vitiligo. Journal of Health Research in Community, 7(3), 42-52.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: http://jhc.mazums.ac.ir/article-1-574-fa.html
Relationship problems and emotional expression ambivalence in college students. iACT vs face-to-face ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Kim. M. & Choi, S. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance Commitment Therapy on College Students' Interpersonal Problems and Emotional Expression Ambivalence: Focusing on Video Call Group Counseling. Korean Journal of Psychology: Health, 26(6),1025-1039.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2021.26.6.004 [Article in Korean]
Emotion regulation and loneliness. ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Mahmoudpour, A., Rayesh, N., Ghanbarian, E. and Rezaee, M. (2021), Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional regulation and loneliness of divorced women in Iran. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 47, 831-842.
DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12492
COVID induced anxiety and depression. iACT/iCBT vs. therapsit guided iACT/iCBT. N=66.
Al Alawi M, McCall RK, Sultan A, et al. (2021). Efficacy of a six-week therapist-guided online therapy versus self-help internet-based therapy on COVID-19 invoked anxiety and depression among individuals in Oman: An open-label, pragmatic randomized controlled trial. JMIR Mental Health, 8(2), e26683.
DOI: 10.2196/26683
Cancer. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=60.
Shari, N. I., Zainal, N. Z., & Ng, C. G. (2021). Effects of brief acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on subjective cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Journal of Psychosocial Oncology, 39(6), 695-714.
DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2020.1856283
Cognitive flexibility in anxiety disorders. ACT vs. Mindfulness-based Emotional Regulation. N=64
Fernández-Jiménez, E., Vidal-Bermejo, E., Torrea-Araiz, I., Castellanos-Villaverde, T., Navarro-Oliver, G., & Hospital-Moreno, A. (2021). On gender and cognitive flexibility. The REM-ACT study: Acceptance and commitment therapy versus a mindfulness-based emotional regulation intervention in anxiety disorders. A randomized controlled trial. European Psychiatry, 64(S1), S786-S787.
DOI:10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2080
Psychological capital and emotional expression in women with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. placebo vs. control. N=36.
Eskandari, M., Rezakhani, S., & Behboodi M. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Capital and Emotional Expression Styles in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 8(2), 71-76.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.2.102
Health anxiety and adherence to treatment in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. ACT vs. control. N=45.
Gohari Nasab, A., Seyrafi, M., Kraskian, A., & Kalhornia Golkar, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Health Anxiety and Adherence to Treatment in Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 8(1), 1-6.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2021.8.1.100
Depression, Anxiety and Quality of Life in Healthcare Workers during COVID; iACT vs no treatment. N=40.
Otared, N., Moharrampour, N.G., Vojoudi, B., & Jahanian Najafabadi, A. (2021). A Group-based Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Treatment for Depression, Anxiety Symptoms and Quality of Life in Healthcare Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic; A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 21(3), 399-411.
Full Text: www.ijpsy.com
Angry rumination in forensic psychiatric patients. 8 sessions of group ACT vs. no treatment. N=28.
Polat, H., & Karakaş, S.A. (2021). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy orientated anger management training on anger ruminations and impulsivity levels in forensic psychiatric patients: A randomized controlled trial. Perspectives on Psychiatric Care, 57, 1616-1627.
DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12726
Insomnia. ACT + CBT vs. Waitlist. N=32.
Chapoutot, M, Peter‐Derex, L., Schoendorff, B., Faivre, T., Bastuji, H., & Putois, B. (2021). Telehealth‐delivered CBT‐I programme enhanced by acceptance and commitment therapy for insomnia and hypnotic dependence: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sleep Research, 30, e13199.
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13199
Insomnia. ACT vs CBT. N=45.
El Rafihi-Ferreira, R. et al. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy-based behavioral intervention for insomnia: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry, 43(5), 504-509.
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2020-0947
Substance Use Disorder. ACT vs. TAU. N=65.
Gul, M. & Aqeel, M. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment of stigma and shame in substance use disorders: A double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Substance Use, 26(4), 413-419.
DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2020.1846803
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety, stress, & coping in cancer patients. ACT vs. CT. vs. no treatment. N=45.
Faryabi, M., Rafieipour, A., Alizadeh, K. H., & Khodavardian, S. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety, perceived stress, and pain coping strategies in patients with cancer. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 8(1), 61-71.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v8i1.249
Negative Self-Referential Thoughts. Defusion, cognitive restructuring, nonactive control. N=62.
Lavelle, J., Dunne, N., Mulcahy, H. E., & McHugh, L. (2021). Chatbot-delivered cognitive defusion versus cognitive restructuring for negative self-referential thoughts: A pilot study. Psychological Record, 72, 247–261.
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-021-00478-7
Oluwatimilehin, A. S., Bakare, J., Okafor, E. E., & Ogbuanya, T. C. (2021). Enhancing motivation of electrical and mechanical engineering technology education students with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. International Journal of Engineering Education, 37(4), 1024-1033.
Retrieved from https://www.ijee.ie/abstracts/Abstracts37-4.pdf
Psychological well-being of patients with thalassemia. ACT vs CBT vs no treatment. N=45.
Khosravani, shayan, M., Shafiabadi, A., Arefi, M., & Amiri, H. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in improving psychological well-being of thalassemia patients. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 10(40), 1-21.
DOI: 10.22054/JPE.2021.55094.2211
https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_12748.html?lang=en
Obesity. ACT Group vs. Emotion Regulation Training Group vs. No Treatment. N=45.
Jalali Farahani, M., Jadidi, M., & Mirzaian, B. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of emotional regulation training and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive fusion, mindfulness, emotional regulation in obese women. Journal of Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 23(1), 62-72.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Website
Anger and emotional self-regulation of mothers of ADHD children. ACT based parent training vs no treatment. N=30
Allahyari, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of parenting education based on acceptance and commitment on anger and emotional self-regulation of mothers of children with ADHD. Journal of Human Relations Studies, 1(2), 28-35.
DOI: 10.22098/jhrs.2021.1277
Mental health and psychological capital of hospital staff. ACT vs TFP vs. no treatment. N=120.
Shahmordi, M., Ghorbani, R., & Sotoodeh Asl, N. (2021). Effectiveness of Transference-focused Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Promoting the Mental Health and Psychological Capital of Staff Working in Hospitals Covered by Social Security in Tehran Province. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 9(4), 259-270.
DOI: 10.32598/ jpcp.9.4.801.1
Psychological distress and quality of life in the elderly. ACT vs. no treatment. N=60.
Chojak, A. (2021). Effectiveness of a training programme based on acceptance and commitment therapy aimed at older adults – no moderating role of cognitive functioning. Neuropsychiatria i Neuropsychologia, 16(3–4), 138–146.
DOI: 10.5114/nan.2021.113314
Quality of life in persons with major depression. ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
HashemiPoor, S., Bagholi, H., & Barzegar, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of the Acceptance and Commitment-based Treatment matrix model on improving the quality of life of patients with major depression. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, 3 (4), 419-431.
DOI: 10.52547/ieepj.3.4.419
Depression and hypersexual behavior. ACT vs CBT vs waitlist. N=30.
Firoozikhojastehfar, R., Asgari, K., Kalantari, M., Raisi, F., & Shahvari, Z. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on depression symptoms and hypersexual behaviours in patients with sex addiction. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(99), 341-352.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://psychologicalscience.ir/article-1-785-en.html
Spiritual health of persons on dialysis. ACT with/without Mindfulness exercises. N=60.
Kazemi Daluee, A., Shahhabizadeh, F., Nasry, M., & Samari, A. A. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT with and without mindfulness plus exercises on spiritual health in hemodialysis. Health, Spirituality and Medical Ethics Journal, 8(3), 171-180.
DOI: 10.32598/hsmej.8.3.6
Ego depletion in social anxiety. Acceptance rationale and practice vs. placebo control. N=56.
Seungki Lee, Eunyi Cho and Changdae Kim (2021). The Effects of Acceptance on the Self-Depletion and Physiological Stress Response of Social Anxiety Propensities: Focused on the Presentation Situation. Counseling Research, 22(1), 19-40.
DOI: 10.15703/kjc.22.1.202102.19
Headache. ACT Group vs. Waitlist. N=94.
Vasiliou, V. S., Karademas, E. C., Christou, Y., Papacostas, S., & Karekla, M. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for primary headache sufferers: A randomized controlled trial of efficacy. The Journal of Pain, 22(2), 143-160.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2020.06.006
Functional outcomes in schizophrenia. ACT + Motivational Interviewing vs. TAU. N=87.
Yıldız, E., & Aylaz, R. & Lillis, J. (2021). How counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy and supported with motivational interviewing affects levels of functional recovery in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia: A quasi-experimental study. Clinical Nursing Research, 30(5), 599–615.
DOI: 10.1177/1054773820935592
Well-being of cancer patient partners. iACT/self-compassion with automated vs personal feedback vs. wait list. N=203.
Köhle, N., Drossaert, C.H.C., ten Klooster, P.M. et al. (2021). Web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on acceptance and commitment therapy and self-compassion training: a randomized controlled trial with automated versus personal feedback. Support Care Cancer, 29 , 5115–5125.
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06051-w
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=124.
Morin, L., Grégoire, S., & Lachance, L. (2021). Processes of change within acceptance and commitment therapy for university students: Preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of American College Health, 69(6), 592-601.
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1705828
Anxiety and depression in cancer survivors; Behavioral activation vs ACT vs. wait list. N=66.
Fernández-Rodríguez, C., González-Fernández, S., Coto-Lesmes, R., & Pedrosa, I. (2021). Behavioral Activation and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of anxiety and depression in cancer survivors: A randomized clinical trial. Behavior Modification, 45(5), 822–859.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445520916441
Neuropathic pain in HIV. iACT vs control. N=38.
Scott W, Guildford BJ, Badenoch J, Driscoll E, Chilcot J, Norton S, Kemp HI, Lee MJ, Lwanga J, Boffito M, Moyle G, Post FA, Campbell L, Josh J, Cift P, de C Williams AC, Rice AS, McCracken LM. (2021). Feasibility randomized-controlled trial of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for painful peripheral neuropathy in people living with HIV: The OPEN study. European Journal of Pain, 25, 1493-1507.
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1762
Psychological distress. ACT w/ and without self-as-context interventions. N=16.
Stockton, D., Kellett, S., Wilkinson, N. et al. (2021). A Feasibility and Pilot Randomised Dismantling Trial of the Efficacy of Self-As-Context During Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 14, 704–723.
DOI: 10.1007/s41811-021-00118-6
Anxiety and cardiovascular function in cardiac patients. 1 day ACT workshop vs waitlist. N=72.
Fiedorowicz, J.G. et al (2021). One-day acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) workshop improves anxiety but not vascular function or inflammation in adults with moderate to high anxiety levels in a randomized controlled trial. General Hospital Psychiatry, 73, 64-70.
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2021.09.009
Demoralization and trauma in breast cancer patients and survivors. ACT vs. no treatment. N=52.
Sarizadeh, M. S., Rahimian Boogar, I., Talepasand, S., & Gharemanfard, F. (2021). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Demoralization Syndrome and Cancer-related Trauma: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. International Journal of Cancer Management, 14(11), e114637.
DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.114637
Compulsive buying. ACT vs. no treatment. N=60.
Danesh-Mirkohan, R., Taklavi, S., & Kazemi, R. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional self-control, emotional flexibility, and the valued living among women with compulsive buying disorder. Salāmat-i ijtim (Community Health), 8(3), 427-440.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v8i3.31225
Pain perception and self-efficacy. ACT vs TAU. N = 30
Ensandoost, T., Samari, A. A., Bayazi, M. H., & Rajaei, A. (2021). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on pain perception and pain self-efficacy in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Jourmnal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 8(1), 25-34.
DOI: 10.22034/ijrn.8.1.25
PTSD symptoms and functional impairment in spinal cord injury. Rehab vs. ACT + rehab. N = 60.
Huang, G., Lin, B.L., Hu, J.H., Qiu, F.H., Zhang, W.Y., Zhang, Z.L., Fan, H., Lu, M., & Li, J.B. (2021). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on rehabilitation patients with spinal cord injury. Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications, 24, 100778.
DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100778
Elderly family caregivers. ACT-based web-intervention vs usual care. N=149.
Lappalainen, P., Pakkala, I., Lappalainen, R. & Nikander, R. (2021). Supported Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Older Family Caregivers (CareACT) Compared to Usual Care. Clinical Gerontologist, 45(4), 939-955
DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1912239
Perceived stress of psychiatric nurses. ACT vs. TAU. N = 70.
Zarvijani, S. A. H., Moghaddam, L. F. & Parchebafieh, S. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress and psychological flexibility of psychiatric nurses: A randomized control trial. BMC Nursing, 20, 239.
DOI: 10.1186/s12912-021-00763-4
Anxiety and PTSD symptoms. Internet “Self-Help +” (ACT) vs. reading. N = 170.
Riello, M., Purgato, M., Bove, C., Tedeschi, F., MacTaggart, D., Barbui. C., & Rusconi, E. (2021). Effectiveness of self-help plus (SH+) in reducing anxiety and post-traumatic symptomatology among care home workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A randomized controlled trial. Royal Society of Open Science, 8, 210219.
DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210219
Depression and affective capital in women. ACT vs. positive psychotherapy vs. no treatment. N = 60.
Nourian, L., Golparvar, M., & Aghaei, A. (2021). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychotherapy on depression and affective capital of depressed women. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 9(4), 12-23.
Full Text Available: https://ijpn.ir/article-1-1645-en.html
Anxiety and depression in mixed anxiety disorder. 1 day ACT workshop vs TAU. N = 72.
Dindo, L., Fiedorowicz, J.G., Boykin, D.M., et al. (2021). A randomized controlled trial for symptoms of anxiety and depression: Effects of a 1-day acceptance and commitment training workshop. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 33(4), 258-269.
DOI: 10.12788/acp.0046
Quality of life of prostate cancer patients. ACT vs. Control. N=40.
Baniasadi, F., Borjali, A., Poursharifi, H., & Mofid B. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Health-Related Quality of Life in People with Prostate Cancer: A Quasi-Experimental Study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 20(1), 69-84.
DOI: 10.52547/jrums.20.1.69
Full text available: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5673-en.html
Resilience. ACT vs. Schema Therapy. N = 45.
Ahmadi, F., Goodarzi, K., Farrokhi, N., & Roozbahani, M. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of "Acceptance and Commitment Therapy" and "Schema Therapy" on resilience among patients with cardiovascular disease: A pilot study. Salāmat-i ijtim (Community Health), 8(4), 1-13.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v8i4.31463.
Article available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Kourosh-Goodarzi/publication/355041900
Distress and self-efficacy in Multiple Sclerosis. Telephone ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N = 14.
Meek, C., Moghaddam, N.G., Evangelou, N., Oates, L.L., Topcu, G. Allen, C., & Roshandas Nair, R. (2021). Acceptance-based telephone support around the time of transition to secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 158-170.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.07.001
Disease conflict and rumination in cancer patients. ACT vs. waitlist. N = 30.
Aerab Sheibani, K., & Seyedabadi, S. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on disease perception and rumination in nurses with rectal cancer. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 16(4), 40-49.
URL: http://ijnr.ir/article-1-2509-en.html
Weight loss. ACT vs CBT. N = 155.
Cattivelli, R., Guerrini Usubini, A., Manzoni, G. M., Vailati Riboni, F., Pietrabissa, G., Musetti, A., Franceschini, C., et al. (2021). ACTonFood. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Group Treatment Compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Group Treatment for Weight Loss Maintenance: An Individually Randomized Group Treatment Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(18), 9558.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189558
Full Text: ACBS Website
Smoking cessation in people with schizophrenia. ACT vs. social support. N = 130.
Mak, Y.-W., Loke, A.-Y., & Leung, D. Y. P. (2021). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Social Support for Smoking Cessation for People with Schizophrenia: A Randomised Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 10(19), 4304.
DOI:10.3390/jcm10194304
Psychological capital and self-care in diabetics. ACT vs. wait list. N=30.
Saeidi, A., Jabalameli, S., Gorji, Y., & Ebrahimi, A. (2021). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on self-care and psychological capital of patients with diabetes. Journal of Diabetes Nursing, 9(3), 1633-1647.
DOI: No DOI
Social anxiety and perceived stress in epilepsy patients. ACT vs. Control Group. N = 30.
Sadeghnejad, H., Teimory, S., & Amiri, M. (2021). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on social anxiety and perceived stress in patients with Epilepsy. International Journal of Health Studies, 7(4), 17-22.
DOI: 10.22100/ijhs.v7i4.887
Retrieved from: http://ijhs.shmu.ac.ir/index.php/ijhs/article/view/887
Sexual self-efficacy and sexual quality of life in reproductive-age women. Group ACT vs. control. N=58.
Enjezab, B., Rejaezadeh, M., Bokaie, M., & Salimi, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Sexual Self-Efficacy and Sexual Quality of Life in Reproductive-Age Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy.
DOI: 10.1080/0092623X.2021.1944938
Depression, anxiety and stress in patients with chronic pain. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Yadavari, M., Naderi, F., & Makvandi, B. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Chronic Pain in Ahvaz. International Journal of Health Studies, 7(1), 28-32.
DOI: 10.22100/ijhs.v7i1.827
Ice hockey performance. ACT vs wait list. N = 34.
Lundgren, T., Reinebo, G., Fröjmark, M. J., et al. (2021). Acceptance and Commitment Training for ice hockey players: A randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 3097.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.685260
Obesity. ACT vs CBT. N = 72.
Finger da Rosa, I., Heinen, M., Irigoyen de Freitas, B., Ariane Guedes, P., dos Santos Alano, D., & da Silva Oliveira, M. (2021). Experimental comparison between intensive interventions based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for overweight and obese people. Brazilian Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy , 23(1).
DOI: 10.31505/rbtcc.v23i1.1567
Mental health of mothers with children cystic fibrosis. ACT vs. wait list. N = 30.
Esmalian Khamseh, L. & Khoeini, F. (2021). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health and mindfulness in mothers of newborns with cystic fibrosis. Journal of Neonatal Nursing, 27(1), 43-46.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnn.2020.08.003
Social resilience. Acceptance and values clarification vs. cognitive restructuring and relaxation vs. psychoeducation control. N=60.
Hochard, K. D., Hulbert-Williams, L., Ashcroft, S. & McLoughlin, S. (2021). Acceptance and values clarification versus cognitive restructuring and relaxation: A randomized controlled trial of ultra-brief non-expert-delivered coaching interventions for social resilience. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 12-21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.05.001
Depression in new mothers. ACT + paroxetine vs. paroxetine alone. N=86.
Zhang, J. (2021). Clinical effect of acceptance and commitment therapy combined with paroxetine in the treatment of depression after painless childbirth. Psychology Monthly, 6, 70-71.
DOI: 10.19738/j.cnki.psy.2021.06.033
Self-efficacy, negative mood, and post-traumatic growth in brain injury patients. Group ACT vs. routine health guidance. N=62.
Zhou, D., Liang, J., & Huang, S. (2021). Effects of group acceptance and commitment therapy on self-efficacy, negative mood and post-traumatic growth in patients with aneurysm subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chinese General Practice Nursing, 17, 2383-2386.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=JTHS202117024&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2021&v=
Recovery from Suicidal Crises. ACT vs. treatment as usual. N=70.
Barnes, S. M. Borges, L. M. Smith, G. P. Walser, R. D. Forster, J. E. & Bahraini, N. H. (2021). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Promote Recovery from Suicidal Crises: A Randomized Controlled Acceptability and Feasibility Trial of ACT for Life. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 35-45.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.003
Quality of life of cancer patients. ACT vs TAU. N=100.
Zhang, P., Zhao, Y., Meng, A., Gu, L., Wang, M., Wu, B., & Yang, B. (2021). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with end-stage cancer pain. Medical Higher Vocational Education and Modern Nursing, 38(1), 41-44.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Emotional distress of caregivers for pediatric burn patients. ACT vs TAU. N=110.
Shi, X., Li, X., Sub, Z., & Zhao, Y. (2021). Application of psychological intervention based on the concept of acceptance and commitment therapy in caregivers of pediatric burns. Journal of Taishan Medical College, 41(4), 258-260.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Body Shape Dissatisfaction. ACT Self-Help vs. Waitlist. N=111 (2 Studies).
Selvi, K., Parling, T., Ljótsson, B., Welch, E., & Ghaderi, A. (2021). Two randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy‐based educational course for body shape dissatisfaction. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 62, 249– 258.
DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12684
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety and stress in cancer patients. Values focused ACT vs/ enhanced usual care. N=135.
Arch, J. J., Mitchell, J. L., Genung, S. R., Judd, C. M., Andorsky, D. J., Bricker, J. B., & Stanton, A. L. (2021). Randomized trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for anxious cancer survivors in community clinics: Outcomes and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 89(4), 327–340.
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000630
Secondary Analysis
Fishbein, J.N., Judd, C.M., Genung, S., Stanton, A.L., & Arch, J.J. (2022). Intervention and mediation effects of target processes in a randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for anxious cancer survivors in community oncology clinics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 153, 104103.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104103 (not counted separately from the study above)
Follow-up Study
Participants from a previous randomized controlled trial of ACT versus minimally-enhanced usual care (MEUC). N=73.
Fishbein, J.N. & Arch, J. J. (2022). Examining the effects of prior Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) treatment among anxious cancer survivors during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 24, 31-37.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.03.006 (not counted separately from the study above)
Quality of life in diabetic retinopathy patients. ACT-based nursing vs TAU. N=194.
Kang, H., Li, S., & Yang, Y. (2021). Effect of acceptance-commitment concept nursing intervention on quality of life in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Journal of Changchun University Chinese Medicine, 32(1), 201-203.
DOI: 10.13463/j.cnki.cczyy.2021.01.055
Smoking cessation. ACT vs. control. N=35.
Evli, M. & Şimşek, N . (2021). Effect of acceptance and commitment-based counseling on smoking cessation and quality of life. Cukurova Medical Journal, 46, 677-690.
DOI: 10.17826/cumj.837634
Overuse of smartphones. Defusion vs. psycoeducation. N=38.
Han, K. & Cho, Y. (2021). The Efficacy of a Cognitive Defusion Intervention for Undergraduate Students at Risk for Smartphone Addiction. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 40(1), 60-72.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2021.40.1.005 [Article in Korean]
Resilience and well-being in asthma patients. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Bahramiabdolmalaki, S., Homayouni, A., &Aliyali, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resilience, Psychological Well-Being, and Life Expectancy in Asthmatic Patients. The Journal of Tolooebehdasht, 20(1).
DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v20i1.6185
Immune function and symptoms in IBS. ACT vs. no additional treatment. N=30.
Shakernegad, S., Khalatbari, J., & Mahmoud Aliloo, M. (2021). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Safety Performance, Quality of Life and Somatic Symptoms in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. Depiction of Health.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: doh.tbzmed.ac.ir
Depression in cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N = 30.
Mazloomi, S. E., & Bahrevar, Z. (2021). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression of lung cancer patients. Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3), 10262-10265.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 10262.
Distress in chronic pain. ACT vs. CBT vs. no treatment control. N=45.
Kiani, S., Sabahi, P., Makvand Hosseini, S., Rafieinia, P., & Alebouyeh, M. (2021). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and positive Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (PCBT) on the psychological disquietude's of patients with chronic pain. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 9(36), 133-150.
DOI: 10.30473/HPJ.2021.52200.4767
Emotion regulation in patients with spinal cord injuries. ACT vs TAU. N=30.
Khanjani, M. S., Kazemi, J., Younesi, J., Dadkhah, A., Biglarian, A., & Barmi, B. E. (2021). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on psychological flexibility and emotional regulation in patients with spinal cord injuries: A randomized controlled trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 15(2), e105378.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.105378
Meaning of life in University students. ACT vs. education as usual, with or without pre-testing (Solomon 4-group design). N=36.
Demirci Seyrek, Ö., & Ersanlı, K. (2021). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy based psychoeducation program to university students’ meaning levels of life. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 11(1), 1-27.
DOI: 10.19126/suje.715002
Distress in nurses. ACT vs. meta-diagnostic treatment vs. control. waitlist. N=45.
Kohneshintaromi F, Afshariniya K, & Kakabaraie K. (2021). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT) and Meta-Diagnostic Therapy in Reducing Emotional Problems in Nurses. Journal of Islamic Life Style, 5(2), 59-67.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: islamiclifej.com
Sexual satisfaction. ACT vs. waitlist. N=30.
Mohagheghian, M., Bagher Kajbaf, M., & Maredpour, A. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sexual arousal, Intimacy and Self-concept of Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder, a Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 50-59.
DOI: 10.22037/ijabs.v8i1.33225
Full text: journals.sbmu.ac.ir
Resilience in chronic pain patients. ACT vs. CBT vs. control. N=36.
Shirvani, F., Aliakbari, M., Alipoor, A., & Rafiepoor, A. (2021). Comparison of the Cognitive-behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Resilience and Diagnostic Factors in Patients with Chronic Pain. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 8(1), 21-33.
DOI: 10.22037/ijabs.v8i1.32374
Full Text: journals.sbmu.ac.ir
Anxiety and depression in parents of chronically ill children. ACT + CBT vs. waitlist. N=73.
Douma, M., Maurice-Stam, H., . . . Grootenhuis, M. A. (2021). Online psychosocial group intervention for parents: Positive effects on anxiety and depression. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(2), 123–134.
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa102
Anxiety and depression in women. ACT vs. cognitive rehabilitation vs. no treatment control. N=45.
Dehabadi, S., Moojembari, A. K., Hassani-Abharian, P., Beliyad, M. R., & Peivandi, P. (2021).
Comparison of the acceptance and commitment-based therapy and cognitive rehabilitation of working memory on anxiety and depression of girls. Advances in Cognitive Sciences, 23(1), 43-61.
DOI: 10.30514/icss.23.1.46
Perceived stress and illness perception in asthma. ACT vs. no treatment control. N=40.
Abbasi, F., Manesh, F. M., Naderi, F., & Pour, S. B. (2021). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on perceived stress and illness perception in asthmatic individuals. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 7-21.
DOI: 10.30473/HPJ.2021.55872.4997
Emotion regulation in depressed college students. ACT/CBT combination vs. selfcare guidance. N=34.
Ritkumrop, K., Surakarn, A., & Ekpanyaskul, C. (2021). The effectiveness of an integrated counseling program on emotional regulation among undergraduate students with depression. Journal of Health Research.
DOI: 10.1108/JHR-03-2020-0067
Death Anxiety in Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs Logotherapy vs control. N=48.
Lotfifar, B., Ghadampour, E., & Begheri, N. (2021). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapy approaches on death anxiety in multiple sclerosis patients. A pilot randomized controlled trial. Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders, 51, 102914.
DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2021.102914
Marital satisfaction. ACT vs. waitlist. N=30.
Amini, P., & Karami Nejad, R. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Marital Burnout and Self-Compassion in Unsupervised Women under the Cover of NGOs of Tehran. The Journal of Tolooebehdasht, 20(1).
DOI: 10.18502/tbj.v20i1.6186
Anxiety in the Elderly. ACT vs CBT. N=314.
Witlox, M., Garnefski, N., Kraaij, V., de Waal, M. W. M., Smit, F., Bohlmeijer, E., & Spinhoven, P. (2021). Blended Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus face-to-face Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for older adults with anxiety symptoms in primary care: Pragmatic single-blind cluster randomized trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 23(3), e24366
DOI: 10.2196/24366
Economic evaluation
Witlox, M., Kraaij, V., Garnefski, N., Bohlmeijer, E., Smit, F., et al. (2022). Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention vs. a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy intervention for older adults with anxiety symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. PLOS ONE 17(1), e0262220.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262220 (not counted separately from the study above)
Burnout and distress among parents of diabled children. iACT+ 3 telehealth session vs. ACT self-help. N=110.
Lappalainen, P., Pakkala, I., Strömmer, J., Sairanen, E., Kaipainen, K., & Lappalainen, R. (2021). Supporting parents of children with chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial of web-based and self-help ACT interventions. Internet Interventions, 24, 100382.
DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2021.100382
Academic resilience in students with learning disabilities. ACT versus teaching as usual. N=34.
Pourtaleb, N., Badri gagori, R., Nemati, S., & Hashemi, T. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Academic Resiliency in Students with Specific Learning Disability. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 11(4), 131-147.
DOI: 10.22059/japr.2021.301283.643504
Diabetes. ACT vs. ACT combined with aerobic exercise N=60.
Herik, N.M.D., Moheb, N., Banaeifar, A.A., Mohammadzadeh, N.A. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Combined with Aerobic Training on Anxiety Symptoms, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 13(1), 33-39.
DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v13i1.5748
Attitudes of adolescent orphans. ACT vs. no treatment. N=24.
Namani, E. & Yousefi, A. M. (2021). The effectiveness of the combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and mindfulness methods on cognitive flexibility and dysfunctional attitudes among orphan adolescent girls. Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 9(2), 5 – 27.
DOI: 10.22067/ijap.v9i2.71717
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Adolescent depression and life satisfaction. iACT w/ or w/o social support vs. no treatment. N=243.
Lappalainen, R., Lappalainen, P., Puolakanaho, A., Hirvonen, R., Eklund, K., Ahonen, T., Muotka, J., Kiuru, N. (2021). The Youth Compass -the effectiveness of an online acceptance and commitment therapy program to promote adolescent mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 1-12.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.007
Self-criticism. Cognitive defusion vs. cognitive restructuring. N=51.
Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., An, W., Ong, C.W., Twohig, M.P. (2021). Preliminary findings on processes of change and moderators for cognitive defusion and restructuring delivered through mobile apps. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 13-19.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.002
Procrastination. N=60.
Ahangari, S.A.H, Zarbakhsh, M., Mahmoodi, N. (2021). The Effectiveness of Therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment to Improving Academic Performance and Reducing Academic Procrastination of Students with Academic Failure in Abadan University of Medical Sciences in the Academic Year 2018-2019. Journal of Islamic Life Style, 2021; 46-54.
DOI: No DOI Full Text: https://www.islamiilife.com/article_188566.html
Recovering from long term sick leave. ACT + multidisciplinary treatment, vs. ACT alone, vs. treatment as usual. N=308.
Finnes, A., Anderzén, I., Pingel, R., Dahl, J., Molin, L., & Lytsy, P. (2021). Comparing the efficacy of multidisciplinary assessment and treatment, or Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, with treatment as usual on health outcomes in women on long-term sick leave -- A randomised controlled trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 1754.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041754
Auditory hallucinations. ACT vs. TAU. N=70.
El Ashry, A.M., Abd El Dayem, S.M. & Ramadan, F.H. (2021). Effect of applying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on auditory hallucinations among patients with schizophrenia. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 35(2), 141-152.
DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2021.01.003
Psoriasis. ACT vs. waitlist. N=30.
Aliakbaridehkordi, M., Ghafoori, S., Jaffary, F., & Mohtashami, T. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on physical symptoms, psychosocial flexibility and social health of patients with psoriasis. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(4), 118-132.
DOI: 10.30486/jsrp.2019.580247.1584
Insomnia. ACT vs. support. N=35.
Zakiei, A., Khazaie, H., Rostampour, M., Lemola, S., Esmaeili, M., Dürsteler, K., Brühl, A. B., Sadeghi-Bahmani, D., & Brand, S. (2021). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) improves sleep quality, experiential avoidance, and emotion regulation in individuals with insomnia—Results from a randomized interventional study. Life, 11(2), 133.
DOI: 10.3390/life11020133
Pain in multiple sclerosis. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Hosseinpour, M. R., & Samiei, L (2021). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy on acceptance of pain in female patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain, 11(4), 30-40.
DOI: No DOI
Full Texct: Available Through Journal Website
Various. ACT vs. Compassion Focused Therapy vs. no Treatment. N=60.
Mousavi, S. M., Khajevand Khoshli, A., Asadi, J., & Abdollahzadeh, H. (2021). Comparison of the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on distress tolerance in women with systemic lupus erythematosus. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(99), 453-460.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Pain. ACT vs. Traditional CBT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Alfoone, A., Imani, M., & Sarafraz, M. R. (2021). A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Experiential Avoidance and Cognitive Fusion in Patients with Migraine Headache. Armaghan-e-Danesh, 25(1), 69-83.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Various. ACT vs. TAU. N=24.
Tavakoli, Z., Tajeri, B., Radfar, S., Jomehri, F., & Khosravi, A. (2021). The effectiveness of treatment-based behavior based on acceptance of hidden anxiety, overt anxiety and hypertension in cardiovascular patients referred to the rest of the hospital. Journal of Psychological Science, 19(96).
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Weight loss. Standard behavioral program w/ or w/o exercise; accepted based program w/ exercise. N = 320
Butryn, M. L., Godfrey, K. M., Call, C. C., Forman, E. M., Zhang, F., & Volpe, S. L. (2021). Promotion of physical activity during weight loss maintenance: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychology, 40(3), 178–187.
DOI: 10.1037/hea0001043
Self-esteem of students. ACT vs Control. N=40.
Huang Z., Ma X., Sun S., Liu J., & Li X., (2021). The Influence of Acceptance and Commitment Group Counseling on a Student's Self-esteem Level. Journal of Modern Medicine & Health, (4), 689-691.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: CAOD
Relationship skills in young adults. Mindfulness + ACT vs. psychoeducation about relationships. N = 40.
Rosales-Villacrés, M.D.L., Oyanadel, C., Changotasig-Loja, D., & Peñate-Castro, W. (2021). Effects of a mindfulness and acceptance-based program on intimate relationships in a youth sample: A randomized controlled trial. Behavioral Sciences, 11, 84.
DOI: 10.3390/ bs11060084
Migraine headache frequency. TAU (education + meds) vs. ACT + TAU. N =35.
Grazzi, L., Andrasik, F., Rizzoli, P., Bernstein, C., Sansone, E., & Raggi, A. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for high frequency episodic migraine without aura: Findings from a randomized pilot investigation. Headache, 61, 895-905.
DOI: 10.1111/head.14139
Diabetes distress. iACT vs. Wait list. N = 42.
Bendig, E., Bauereiss, N., Schmitt, A., Albus, P., & Baumeister, H. (2021). ACTonDiabetes—a guided psychological internet intervention based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adults living with type 1 or 2 diabetes: Results of a randomised controlled feasibility trial. BMJ Open, 11, e049238.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049238
Emotion regulation in cardiac patients. ACT vs. guided imagery vs. not treatment control. N = 45.
Shahabi, A., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Asgari, P., & Makvandi, B. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT vs Guided Imagery on emotional regulation of cardiac patients. Journal of Research & Health, 11(3), 191-202.
DOI: 10.32598/JRH.11.3.1735.1
Stress of nurses caring for COVID patients. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 30.
Mosazadeh, H., Błachnio, A., & Pirnia, B. (2021). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on occupational stress and anxiety of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Tehran. International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 8(3), 124-128.
DOI:10.34172/icnj.2021.26.
Depression in college students. App based on ACT/CBT/MCT/minfulness vs waitlist. N = 400.
Bruhns, A., Lüdtke, T., Moritz, S., & Bücker, L. (2021). A Mobile-Based Intervention to Increase Self-esteem in Students With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 9(7), e26498.
DOI: 10.2196/26498
Burnout in physicians during residency. ACT vs. wait list. N = 72.
Kalani, S., Azadfallah, P., Oreizi, O., Azizkhani, R., & Adibi, P. (2021). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Training on the reduction of burnout in clinical specialist residents. Organizational Psychology, 11(2), 41–53.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://orgpsyjournal.hse.ru
Bulimia. CBT vs. mindfulness- and acceptance-based treatment. N = 44.
Juarascio, AS, Parker, MN, Hunt, R, Murray, HB, Presseller, EK, & Manasse, SM. (2021). Mindfulness and acceptance-based behavioral treatment for bulimia-spectrum disorders: A pilot feasibility randomized trial. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 54, 1270– 1277.
DOI: 10.1002/eat.23512
Stress and well-being of parents with children with autistic spectrum disorders. ACT vs. Parent Training. N = 20 parental pairs.
Marino, F., Failla, C., Chilà, P., Minutoli, R., Puglisi, A., Arnao, A. A., Pignolo, L., et al. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Improving Psychological Well-Being in Parents of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Sciences, 11(7), 880.
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11070880
Career adaptability of middle-school students. DNA-V course in person or online vs regular psychology course. N = 110.
Liu, Z., Bai, X., Zhang, Y., Wu, M., Liu, Y., Zhu, Z., Li, M., & Li, X. (2021). Psychological flexibility training for career adaptability improvement among second-year middle-school students. Chinese Journal of School Health, 42(3), 399-403.
DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2021.03.020
Diabetes empowerment of patients with type 2 diabetes. ACT vs Emotion Regulation Training (ERT) (8 video conferencing sessions each) vs TAU. N=45.
Eghrari, E., Bayazi, MH., & Rajayi, AR. (2021). Comparing of the Effects of ACT and Emotion Regulation Training on Diabetes Empowerment. The Journal of Client-Centered Nursing Care (JCCNC), 7(1), 55-64.
DOI: 10.32598/JCCNC.7.1.356.1
Full Text Available Through: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.html
Emotion regulation strategies and cognitive flexibility of gastrointestinal patients. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Hosseini, SF., Tanha, Z., Karimi, J., & Ghadampour, E. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Cognitive Flexibility in Gastrointestinal Patients. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 23(2), 91-110.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3139-en.html
Psychological well-being of vitiligo skin disease. ACT vs schema therapy (8 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=45.
Daneshi, R., Hafezi, F., & Homaei, H. (2021). Comparing the Effect of Schema Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Treatment on Psychological Well-Being among Individuals with Vitiligo Skin Disease: A Pilot Study. The Journal of Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health), 8(1), 104-115.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v8i1.31261
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/download/31261/20216
Improving Self-Concept, Depression, and Anxiety of Obese Women. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=24.
Keyvani, E., Bolghan Abadi, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Improving Self-Concept, Depression, and Anxiety in Obese Women. International Archives of Health Sciences, 7(8), 79-83.
DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_117_20
Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2021/8/2/79/319809
Romantic, Family and Social loneliness in patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs Compassion focused Therapy (CFT) (10 sessions) vs TAU. N=45.
MirMoeini, P., Bayazi, M., & Khalatbari, J. (2021). Comparing the Effectiveness of ACT with Compassion Focused Therapy on loneliness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 22(4), 132-145.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3050-en.pdf
Quality of Life and Alexithymia in Depress Mood Females. ACT vs Behavioral Activation Therapy (6 sessions each) vs no treatment. N=45.
Khaledinia, A., Makvandi, B., Asgari, P., Pasha, R. (2021). Comparison of Group Psychotherapy Effectiveness based on ACT Matrix with Group Behavioral Activation Therapy on Quality of Life and Alexithymia in Depress Mood Females. The Journal of Women’s Health Bulletin, 8(1), 26-36.
DOI: 10.30476/whb.2021.87951.1082
Retrieved from: https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47272_6bdd59b767de1bd8679ca5efb04d0f89.pdf.
Emotional Self-Regulation of Women with Coronary Heart Disease. ACT vs Positive Psychotherapy (8 sessions each) vs TAU. N=45.
Sayafi, S., Sotodeh Asl, N., & Ebrahimi Varkiani, M. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT and Positive Psychotherapy on Emotional Self-Regulation of Women with Coronary Heart Disease. The Journal of Inflammatory Diseases, 24(6), 532-543.
DOI: 10.32598/JQUMS.24.6.6
Retrieved from: http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-3114-en.html
Treatment Adherence in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. ACT (10 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Oraki, M., Zare, H., & Hosseinzadeh Ghasemabad, A. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT on Treatment Adherence in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 29(2), 3479-3490.
DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v29i2.6086
Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-5214-en.html
Emotion Regulation in Epileptic Patients. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Sadeghnezhad, H., Teimory, S., & Amiri, M. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT on Emotion Regulation in Epileptic Patients. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 6(1), 37-46.
DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v6i1.34990
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/34990/27145
Anxiety, Depression, and Physical Symptoms among Patients with Chronic Pain. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=60.
Gueserse, M., & Zali, A., Hassanzadeh, S., Hatami, M., & Ahadi, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Anxiety, Depression, and Physical Symptoms among Patients with Chronic Pain. The Journal of Commonity Health, 8(1), 78-89.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=803825
Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Thalassemia. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Khosravani, shayan, M., Shafiabadi, A., Arefi, M., & Amiri, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Thalassemia: A Quasi- Experimental Study. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 6(1), 33-39.
DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v6i1.34384
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/34384/26884
Body image concern in obesity. ACT vs Waitlist. N = 14.
Dousti, P., Hosseininia, N., Dousti, S., & Dousti, P. (2021). Online group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on body dysmorphic and fear of body image in overweight people. Rooyesh, 10(4), 25-32.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://frooyesh.ir/article-1-2582-fa.pdf
PTSD in women. ACT vs culturally empowered ACT, vs no treatment. N = 42.
Dousti, P., Khalatbari, J., Baseri, A., & Parvin Gonabadi, B. (2021). The comparison effectiveness indigenous model of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy focused on compassion with non-indigenous model in the same treatment in PTSD on women. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 22(1), 30-42.
DOI: 10.30486/jsrp.2019.1866742.1804
Retrieved from http://jsr-p.khuisf.ac.ir/article_667721_e3be2aad512db4b0e7094e201377ac38.pdf
Worry and rumination among diabetes patients. ACT w/ and w/o compassion training vs control. N = 33.
Panahi, R., Shahhabizadeh, F., & Mahmoodirad, A. (2021). Comparison of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy with and without compassion on worry, self-critical and anger rumination among nonclinical depressed diabetic patients: A clinical trial. Journal of Nursing Education, 9(6), 94-108.
Retrieved from http://jne.ir/article-1-1250-en.html
Insomnia. ACT vs. CBT. N = 16.
Kim, S., Shin, Y. J., Park, B., Park S., & Shin, J. W. (2021). Advanced cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) based on acceptance and commitment therapy compared with CBT-I: A pilot study. Journal of Sleep Medicine, 18(2), 78-87.
DOI: 10.13078/jsm.210002.
Mental health of women in addicted families. ACT vs. TAU. N = 30.
Chiani, H., Jahangir, P., & Chamani, N. (2021). Evaluation of the effectiveness of commitment-based therapy and acceptance on improving the mental health and emotional difficulty of women in addicted families. Social and Disciplinary Research of Women and Family, 9, 1.
Retrieved from http://pssw.jrl.police.ir/article_96066.html
Depression, pain acceptance, psych flex in women with breast cancer. ACT vs. wait list. N=40.
Ghorbani, V., Zanjani, Z., Omidi, A., & Sarvizadeh, M. (2021). Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression, pain acceptance, and psychological flexibility in married women with breast cancer: a pre- and post-test clinical trial. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 43(2), 126-133.
DOI: 10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0022
Perfectionism and resilience in migraine patients; ACT vs wait list. N = 30.
Esmaeili, N., Asgari, P., Khorami, N.S., Bakhtiarpour, S. (2021). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perfectionism and resilience in migraine patients. International Archives of Health Services, 8(3), 138-142.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: https://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/article.asp?issn=2383-2568;year=2021;volume=8;issue=3;spage=138;epage=142;aulast=Esmaeili;type=0
Anger and interpersonal relationships among male students; ACT vs. CBT. N=30.
Masoumian, S., Ashouri, A., Ghomian, S., Keshtkar, M., Siahkamary, E., Vahed, N. (2021). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Compared to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Anger and Interpersonal Relationships of Male Students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 16(1), 21-29.
DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v16i1.5374
2020 (n = 156)
Various. Self-Help Plus vs. TAU + Stress Management Workshop. N=694.
Tol, W. A., Leku, M. R., Lakin, D. P., Carswell, K., Augustinavicius, J., & Adaku, A. (2020). Guided self-help to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese female refugees in Uganda: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet Global Health, 8(2), E254-E263.
DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30504-2
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Augustinavicius, J., Purgato, M., Tedeschi, F., Musci, R., Leku, M. R., Carswell, K., Lakin, D., van Ommeren, M., Cuijpers, P., Sijbrandij, M., Karyotaki, E., Tol, W. A., & Barbui, C. (2023). Prevention and promotion effects of Self Help Plus: secondary analysis of cluster randomised controlled trial data among South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. BMJ open, 13(9), e048043.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048043 (not counted separately from the study above)
Resilience of craniocerebral injury patients. ACT vs TAU. N=132.
Kong, Y., Liu, W., & Chang, T. (2020). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological resilience and post-traumatic growth of convalescent patients with severe craniocerebral injury. China Journal of Health Psychology, 28(10), 1463-1468.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Psychological flexibility and quality of life after laryngeal cancer radical surgery. ACT vs. routine nursing and vocational rehabilitation. N = 200.
Ma, Y. & Wang, X. (2020). Application effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients after radical operation for laryngeal carcinoma. Nursing Practice and Research, 2020(09), 93-95.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=HLSJ202009042
Anxiety, depression, and post traumatic growth in hip replacement patients. ACT + elastic pocket vs. routine nursing. N = 155.
Zhang, H. (2020). Application of acceptance and commitment therapy combined with self-made elastic wide pocket in patients after hip replacement. Nursing Practice and Research, 2020(05), 76-78.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2020&filename=HLSJ202005034 [Article in Chinese]
Smoking. iCanQuit App (ACT) vs. QuitGuide App. N=2,415.
Bricker, J. B., Watson, N. L., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., & Heffner, J. L. (2020). Efficacy of smartphone applications for smoking cessation: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180, 1472-1480.
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4055
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., & Bricker, J.B. (2023). Use of e-Cigarettes in Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 11, e48896.
DOI: 10.2196/48896 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., & Bricker, J.B. (in press) Relative Efficacy of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone App with a Standard US Clinical Practice Guidelines-Based App for Smoking Cessation in Dual Users of Combustible and Electronic Cigarettes: Secondary Findings from a Randomized Trial. Substance Use & Misuse.
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2293732 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Rigotti, N.A., & Bricker, J.B. (2023). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Smartphone Applications for Cessation of Tobacco Use among Adults with High Nicotine Dependence: Results from the iCanQuit Randomized Trial. Substance Use & Misuse, 58(3), 354-364.
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2161317 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Bricker, J.B., Mull, K.E., Santiago-Torres, M., Miao, Z., Perski, O., & Di, C. (2022) Smoking Cessation Smartphone App Use Over Time: Predicting 12-Month Cessation Outcomes in a 2-Arm Randomized Trial. J Med Internet Res, 24(8), e39208.
DOI: 10.2196/39208 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Zvolensky, M.J., & Bricker, J.B. (2022). Can a smartphone application help Hispanic/Latinx adults quit smoking? A randomized trial secondary analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 261-270.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.11.001 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Ferketich, A.K., Bricker, J.B. (2022). Efficacy of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based smartphone application for helping rural populations quit smoking: Results from the iCanQuit randomized trial. Preventive Medicine, 157, 107008.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107008 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Kwon, D., Nollen, N.L., Zvolensky, M.J., et al. (2022). Efficacy and utilization of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based smartphone application for smoking cessation among Black adults: secondary analysis of the iCanQuit randomized trial. Addiction, 117, 760– 771.
DOI: 10.1111/add.15721 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Zvolensky, M.J., Kahler, C.W., & Bricker, J.B. (2022). Efficacy of smartphone applications for smoking cessation in heavy-drinking adults: Secondary analysis of the iCanQuit randomized trial. Addictive Behaviors, 132, 107377.
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107377 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M, Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Kendzor, D.E., Bricker, J.B. (2022). Efficacy and utilization of smartphone applications for smoking cessation among low-income adults: Secondary analysis of the iCanQuit randomized trial. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 231, 109258.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109258 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., Kwon, D.M., Nez Henderson, P. Nelson, L.A., Patten, C.A. & Bricker, J.B. (2022). Efficacy and Utilization of Smartphone Applications for Smoking Cessation Among American Indians and Alaska Natives: Results From the iCanQuit Trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 24(4), 544–554.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab213 (not counted separately from the study above)
Mediational Study
Bricker, J.B., Levin, M., Lappalainen, R., Mull, K., Sullivan, B., Santiago-Torres, M. (2021). Mechanisms of Smartphone Apps for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Results of a Serial Mediation Model From the iCanQuit Randomized Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 9(11), e32847.
DOI: 10.2196/32847 (not counted separately from the study above)
Post traumatic growth and distress in ICU patients. ACT vs TAU. N=100.
Ma, C. (2020). Effects of admission combined with commitment therapy on post-traumatic growth and negative emotions in patients in intensive care unit. Journal of International Psychiatry, 48(6), 1261-1264.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Psychological flexibility and post-traumatic growth in stroke patients. ACT vs. routine psychological care. N=109.
Dai, C., Wang, X., Huang, Q., Zeng, X., & Xu, P. (2020). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological flexibility and posttraumatic growth in patients with stroke. Journal of Nurses Training, 7, 592-596.
DOI: 10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.07.004
Post-traumatic growth and distress in breast cancer patients. ACT vs. routine care. N=280.
Yao, W., He, M., Li, C., Ye, Q., Wang, L., Liang, Y, Xie, X., Guo, Q., Xiao, J., Zeng, R., & Yao, C. (2020). Application and effect observation of acceptance and commitment therapy in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Journal of Nurses Training, 24, 2275-2277.
DOI: 10.16821/j.cnki.hsjx.2020.24.014
Pain control in advanced liver cancer patients. Acupuncture + ACT vs. analgesics. N = 70.
Wang, Y., Ling, Y., Liu, L. (2020). Effect of bee-acupuncture combined with acceptance and commitment therapy on cancer pain control and psy? chological flexibility in patients with advanced liver cancer. Clinical Education of General Practice, 18(06), 531-533,536.
DOI: 10.13558/j.cnki.issn1672-3686.2020.006.014 [Article in Chinese]
Migraine. ACT Group vs. No Treatment. N=40.
Babahasani, K., Amini, N., ShafieAbadi, A., & Deyreh, E. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on experience and perception of suffering, existential anxiety, emotional regulation and happiness in migraine patients. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 10, 219.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Website
Various. ACT Group vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Elikaei Dehno, H., & Tizdast, T. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotional frustration, marital satisfaction, and emotion regulation in women referred to Noshahr social emergency. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 10, 244.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Website
Self-efficacy and quality of life of IBS patients. ACT vs TAU. N=71.
Lyu, R., Liu, S., Meng, N., & Li, H. (2020). Application of nursing intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Modern Nursing, 26(36), 5086-5090
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Diabetes. ACT + Pain Medication vs. Pain Medication. N=50.
Davoudi, M., Taheri, A. A., Foroughi, A. A., Ahmadi, S. M., & Heshmati, K. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on depression and sleep quality in painful diabetic neuropathy: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 19, 1081–1088
DOI: 10.1007/s40200-020-00609-x
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety in adolescents. ACT. vs social skills training vs no tretment. N = 157.
Adeyinka, T. J., Makinde, B. O. & Olusakin, A. M. (2020). Effects of acceptance-commitment therapy and social skills training on anxiety of adolescent students from father-absent families in Lagos state. International Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 61-76.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijer/article/view/197131.
Traumatic Brain Injury. ACT vs. Single Session Needs Assessment/Counseling/Referral. N=93.
Sander, A. M., Clark, A. N., Arciniegas, D. B., Tran, K., Leon-Novelo, L., Ngan, E., Bogaards, J., Sherer, M., & Walser, R. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological distress among persons with traumatic brain injury. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 31(7), 1105-1129.
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2020.1762670
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Acceptance-Based Group Behavioral Therapy vs. Nondirective Supportive Group Therapy. N=92.
Sampaio, T. P. A., Jorge, R. C., Martins, D. S., Gandarela, L. M., hayes-Skelton, S., Bernik, M. A., & Lotufo-Neto, F. (2020). Efficacy of an acceptance‐based group behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Depression and Anxiety, 37, 1179– 1193.
DOI: 10.1002/da.23021
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Distress and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. ACT vs. TAU. N=64.
Ding, Y., Liu, A., Xie, H., Yang, P., & Xie, J. (2020). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on the mental state and quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Clinical Research and Practice, 5(6), 142-144.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Self-efficacy and post-traumatic growth in hemodialysis patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=84.
Li, L., Liu, R., Huang, W., & Lyu, B. (2020). Application of acceptance and commitment therapy in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Modern Nursing, 26(7), 953-956.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effectiveness of App-Base Smoking Cessation in Cancer Patients; ACT based app (Quit2Heal) vs NCI consensus-based app (QuitGuide). N=59.
Bricker, J.B., Watson, N.L., Heffner, J.L., Sullivan, B., Mull, K., Kwon, D., Westmaas, J.L., Ostroff, J. (2020). A Smartphone App Designed to Help Cancer Patients Stop Smoking: Results From a Pilot Randomized Trial on Feasibility, Acceptability, and Effectiveness. JMIR Form Res, 4(1), e16652.
DOI: 10.2196/16652
Mental health of members of the military. ACT vs CBT. N=25.
Cho, J. S., Choi, J., Kang, Y., Yu, H. B., & Song, W. (2020). Development and Effectiveness Verification of CBT and ACT Group Counseling Programs for Maladjusted Soldiers. Journal of Convergence Information Technology, 10(11), 224-231.
DOI: 10.22156/CS4SMB.2020.10.11.224
Depression. ACT Group vs. Traditional CBT Group. N=177.
Samaan, M., Diefenbacher, A., Schade, C., Dambacher, C., Pontow, I. M., Pakenham, K., & Fydrich, T. (2020). A clinical effectiveness trial comparing ACT and CBT for inpatients with depressive and mixed mental disorders. Psychotherapy Research, 31(3), 372-385.
DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2020.1802080
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Pain, anxiety and depression in patients with post-herpetic neuralgia. ACT vs. control. N=70.
Wu, J., & Yang, Z. (2020). The application effect of acceptance therapy in middle-aged and elderly patients with post-herpetic neuralgia. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing, 26 (1).
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=HLJH202001024&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=ZHYX2020&v=oR08aDfdiJ2JvURPW00075GyiCRwJIRycZu565_W052v53O9t22kgD_65xXeMovV [Article in Chinese]
Resilience in hand surgery patients. ACT vs. routine care. N=69.
Fan, L., & Ji, Y. (2020). The influence of nursing intervention based on acceptance-commitment therapy on the psychological resilience of post-traumatic patients. Inner Mongolia Medical Journal, 52 (8).
DOI: 10.16096/J.cnki.nmgyxzz.2020.52.08.055
Perfectionism and anxiety in college students. ACT vs. control. N=24.
Kang, Y., & Song, W. (2020). The effectiveness of an academic stress management program based on ACT: Focused on university students with socially prescribed perfectionism and trait anxiety. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 25(6), 1059-1075.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2020.25.6.001 [Article in Korean]
Anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth in parents of children with leukemia. ACT vs. conventional psychological intervention. N=89. .
Xu, X., Huang, H., & Liang, Z. (2020). Influence of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on anxiety, depression and post-traumatic growth of parents of children with leukemia. Chinese General Practice Nursing, 25, 3318-3320.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=JTHS202025018&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2020&v= [Article in Chinese]
Behavioral problems and parental mental health in children with cerebral palsy. ACT vs. routine nursing. N=60.
Wang, Z., Bi, Q., Fang, J., Chen, X., & Xu, X. (2020). The impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy and parental psychological flexibility. Journal of Nursing Science, 19, 74-78.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=HLXZ202019025&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2020&v=
Stress, hardiness, and parent-child relationship in mothers of ADHD children. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Valiei, Z., & Amani, A. (2020). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Parent-Child Relationship, Parenting Stress, and Hardiness of Mothers with ADHD Children. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 10(38), 207-230.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2020.51200.2141
Empowerment of families of Multiple Sclerosis patients. ACT vs no treatment. N=40.
Zahedi, Z., Azizi, A., khorshidi, P., & Hoseini, S. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the empowerment of families with Multiple Sclerosis member. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 10(37), 75-90.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2020.46546.2053
Quality of Life and Tendency toward infidelity in Married Students. ACT vs CFT vs No treatment. = 45.
Sabouri, H., Zarei, E., Samavi, A., & Amir Fakhraei, A. (2020). Comparison the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy on the quality of life and tendency to betray in married students with tendency to infidelity. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, 2(3),184-199.
DOI:10.29252/ieepj.2.3.184
Academic procrastination, resilience, and depression in students with ADHD. ACT vs no treatment. N = 28
Piri, S., Hosseininasab, D., & Livarjani, S. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on academic procrastination, resilience and depression in high school male students with Attention Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 9(4), 82-90.
DOI: 10.22037 / jrm.2020.112751.224
Smoking cessation in SMI population. ACT app vs. NCI app based on US Clinical Practice Guidelines (plus nicotine replacement in both conditions). N = 62.
Vilardaga, R., Rizo, J., Palenski, P. E., Mannelli, P., Oliver, J. A., & Mcclernon, F, J. (2020). Pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel smoking cessation app designed for individuals with co-occurring tobacco use disorder and serious mental illness. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1533–1542.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz202
Psychological well-being satisfaction with training in elite athletes . Mindfulness+ACT vs no intervention. N=49.
Bu, D., Chung, P., Zhang, C., & Liu, J. (2020). The effect of mindfulness training on mental health in Chinese elite badminton players: A randomized controlled trial. Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(12), 944-952.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Quality of life and hope in depressed women. Compassion-enriched ACT vs. control. N=36.
Azarbayjani, S., Sadeghi afjeh, Z., & Ghanbari, N. (2020). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Enriched Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Depressed Housewives. Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology, 2(1), 52-70.
DOI: 10.52547/jarcp.2.1.52
Marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy. ACT vs. CBT vs. control. N=60 couples.
Rahimi, A., Amiri, H., Afsharriniya, K., & Arefi, M. (2020). Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the Enhancement of Marital Satisfaction and Sexual Intimacy in Couples Referred to Counseling Centers. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 7(2), 126-132.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.107
Full Text: Available via http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-319-en.html
Interpersonal relationships in couples with marital conflicts. ACT vs. Emotion Focused Couple Therapy (EFCT) vs. control. N=39 couples.
Yaghoobi, H., Toozandehjani, H., & Zendedel, A. (2020). Comparison the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Emotion Focused Couple Therapy on the Quality of Interpersonal Relationships among Couples with Marital Conflicts. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 7(2), 116-125.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.106
Full Text: Available via http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-325-en.html
Shame and self-criticism in methamphetamine users. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 38.
Ghaleh Emamghaisi, Z. & Hamid Atashpour, S. (2020). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on self-criticism and feeling of shame in methamphetamine users. Journal of Substance Use, 25(4), 372-376.
DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2019.1704082
Avoidance and fear of death in cancer patients. ACT vs writing placebo. N = 28.
Kolahdouzan, S. A., Kajbaf, M. B., Oreyzi, H. R., Abedi, M. R., & Mokarian, F. (2020). The effect of a death anxiety therapeutic package based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on death avoidance, mental health, and quality of life of cancer patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 26(1), 16-31.
DOI: 10.89523/ijpcp.26.1.3044.2
Repetitive negative thinking in depressed children. Randomized multiple baseline, ACT vs. baseline. N=9.
Salazar, D. M., Ruiz, F. J., Ramírez, E. S., & Cardona-Betancourt, V. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy focused on repetitive negative thinking for child depression: A randomized multiple-baseline evaluation. The Psychological Record, 70, 373-386.
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-019-00362-5
Burnout in railway employees. ACT-based stress management vs. control. N=60.
Mirzavandi, J. (2020). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Stress Management Training on Occupational Stress and Emotional Exhaustion. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 7(4), 211-216.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.4.102
Depressed mood in young children. ACT vs. ACT + play therapy vs. no treatment. N=45.
Jamshidi, M., Khayatan, F. & Aghaei, A. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Combination of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Theraplay and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life in Depressed Children. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 8(1), 107-118.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Marital satisfaction. ACT vs. control. N=40.
Behbahani, M., & Ghorbanshiroodi, S. (2020). The Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Marital Intimacy and Sexual Satisfaction in Premenopausal Women Referred. Journal of Applied Psychology, 14(4), 389-369.
DOI: 10.52547/apsy.2021.215680.0
Full text available via https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_100752.html?lang=en
Catastrophizing and mental distress in chronic pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=40.
Ji-wan, P., Gyeong-hee, Y., Kang-hee, J., Jae-won, B., & Sung-keun, J. (2020). Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain: The effects of process variables. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 20(4), 445-468.
DOI: 10.33703/cbtk.2020.20.4.445
Pain. ACT vs TAU. N=20.
Dindo, L., Johnson A.L., Lang, B., MerlynRodrigues, M., Martin, L., & Jorge, R. (2020). Development and evaluation of an 1-day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy workshop for Veterans with comorbid chronic pain, TBI, and psychological distress: Outcomes from a pilot study. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 90, 105954.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2020.105954
Diabetes. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Ganjavi, LMS, Ahadi, H., Jomehri, F., & Khalatbari, J (2020). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Fasting Plasma sugar and Self-efficacy in women with type 2 diabetes. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(4), 46-59.
DOI: 10.30486/JSRP.2019.1873985.1955
Quality of life and stress in cancer patients. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Mohammadi, S., Soufi, A. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment treatment on quality of life and perceived stress in cancer patients. Quarterly Journal of Health Pyschology, 8(32), 57-72.
DOI: 10.30473/HPJ.2020.45019.4308
Depression. Mindfulness+values vs values only. N=206.
Kingston, J., Becker, L., Woeginger, J., Ellett, L. (2020). A randomised trial comparing a brief online delivery of mindfulness-plus-values versus values only for symptoms of depression: Does baseline severity matter? Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 936-944.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.087
Mental health and quality of life among infertile couples. ACT vs. no treatment. N=52.
Hosseinpanahi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Farshbaf-Khalili, A., Esmaeilpour, K., Rezaei, M., & Malakouti, J. (2020). The effect of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health and quality of life among infertile couples: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9, 251.
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_512_20
Pain, fatigue, and quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Group ACT vs. amantadine. N=60.
Langroudi, R. R., Ghiasian, M., Roozbehani, M., & Shamsaei, F. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment and amantadine on pain, fatigue and quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care, 28(3), 251-262.
DOI: 10.30699/ajnmc.28.3.251
Fibromyalgia. ACT vs. treatment as usual. N=30.
EzzatPanah, F., & Latifi, Z. (2020). Effectiveness training based on acceptance, commitment and compassion on pain catastrophizing, distress tolerance and post traumatic growth in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Quarterly Journal of Health Psychology, 8(32), 127-142.
DOI: 10.30473/hpj.2020.43700.4227
Full Text: Journal Website
Depression in primary care. ACT video self-help vs. attention-matched comparison group. N=21.
Gaudiano, B. A., Davis, C. H., Miller, I. W., Uebelacker, L. (2020). Pilot randomized controlled trial of a video self‐help intervention for depression based on acceptance and commitment therapy: Feasibility and acceptability. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 27(3), 396-407.
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2436
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Lifestyle change in health care staff. iACT vs. wait list. N=103.
Brown, M., Hooper, N., James, P., Scott, D., Bodger, O., & John, A. (2020). A Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention With Email Reminders to Enhance Subjective Well-Being and Encourage Engagement With Lifestyle Behavior Change in Health Care Staff: Randomized Cluster Feasibility Stud. JMIR Formative Research, 4(8), e18586.
DOI: 10.2196/18586
Psoriasis. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Dehkordi, MA, Mohtashami, T. (2020). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Physical Symptoms, Psychosocial Flexibility and Social Health of Patients with Psoriasis. Knowledge & Research in Applied Psychology, 21(4), 118-132.
DOI: 10.30486/JSRP.2019.580247.1584
Psychological Flexibility. ACT Psychoeducation vs. No Treatment. N=13.
Kirca, B., & Ekşi, H. (2020). A mixed-method study exploring the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based group psychoeducation program on psychological flexibility. Spiritual Psychology and Counseling, 5(3), 355-375.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Obesity. ACT Online + Nutrition Education + Phone Coaching vs. Waitlist. N=79.
Levin, M. E., Petersen, J. M, Durward, C., Bingeman, B., Davis, E., Nelson, C., & Cromwell, S. (2021). A randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy to improve diet and physical activity among adults who are overweight/obese. Translational Behavioral Medicine 11(6), 1216–1225.
DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa123
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking. Self-Help + Brief ACT Intervention vs. Self-Help. N=144.
Mak, Y. W., Leung, D. Y. P., & Loke, A. Y. (2020). Effectiveness of an individual acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation, delivered face-to-face and by telephone to adults recruited in primary health care settings: A randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 20, Article 1719.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09820-0
Full Text: Abstract Available Through DOI
Stress in Liver Disease. ACT vs. MBCT. N=45.
Oraki, M., Zare, H., Hosseinzadeh Ghasemabad, A. (2020). Compare the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on perceived stress in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 27, 186-196.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available Through Journal Website
Stress. ACT vs. No Intervention. N=30.
Mohammadi Masiri, F., Taher, M., Moradi, S., & Motaghedifard, M. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and stress in mothers of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 7(2), 312-321.
DOI: 10.29252/jcmh.7.2.26
Full Text: English Abstract Available Through Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. Schema Therapy. N=45.
Mokhtarinejad, O., Mirzaian, B., & Hassanzadeh, R. (2020). Effectiveness of schema therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in components of cognitive emotion regulation among patients with anxiety disorder. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 7(4), 225-230.
DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.4.104
Full Text: Abstract Available Through DOI
Various. Group ACT vs. Group Traditional CBT. N=45.
Motamedi, H., Samavi, A., & Fallahchai, R. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy and group-based cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological hardiness of headed family women. Journal of Research and Health, 10(6), 7-7.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Journal Website
Psychosis. ACT Group vs. Waitlist. N=85.
Jolley, S., Johns, L. C., O’Donoghue, E., Oliver, J., Khondoker, M., Byrne, M., Butler, L., De Rosa, C., Leal, D., McGovern, J., Rasiukeviciute, B., Sim, F. & Morris, E. (2020). Group acceptance and commitment therapy for patients and caregivers in psychosis services: Feasibility of training and a preliminary randomized controlled evaluation. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59, 524-551.
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12265
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Pain / Substance Use. ACT + MBRP + TAU vs. Waitlist. N=69.
Vowles, K. E., Witkiewitz, K., Cusack, K. J., Gilliam, W. P., Cardon, K. E., Bowen, S., Edwards, K. A., McEntee, M. L., & Bailey, R. W. (2020). Integrated behavioral treatment for veterans with co-morbid chronic pain and hazardous opioid use: A randomized controlled pilot trial. The Journal of Pain, 21, 798-807.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.11.007
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking. ACT Phone App vs. Waitlist. N=84.
Karekla, M., Savvides, S. N., & Gloster, A. (2020). An avatar-led intervention promotes smoking cessation in young adults: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(10), 747-760.
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa013
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Generalized Anxiety Symptoms. ACT Workbook vs. Waitlist. N=64.
Serowik, K. L., Roemer, L., Suvak, M., Liverant, G., & Orsillo, S. M. (2020). A randomized controlled pilot study evaluating Worry Less, Live More: The Mindful Way Through Anxiety Workbook. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 49(5), 412-424.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1765858
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression & Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=48.
Ruiz, F. J., Peña-Vargas, A., Ramírez, E. S., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., García-Martín, M. B., García-Beltrán, D. M., Henao, Á. M., Monroy-Cifuentes, A., & Sánchez, P. D. (2020). Efficacy of a two-session repetitive negative thinking-focused acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) protocol for depression and generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized waitlist control trial. Psychotherapy, 57(3), 444-456.
DOI: 10.1037/pst0000273
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. ACT vs. psychoeducation. N=52.
Zemestani, M., & Mozaffari, S. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of depression in persons with physical disability: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(7), 938-947.
DOI: 10.1177/0269215520923135
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking Cessation. ACT Online vs. Smokefree.gov. N=51.
Heffner, J. L., Kelly, M. M., Waxmonsky, J., Mattocks, K., Serfozo, E., Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Watson, N. L., & Ostacher, M. (2020). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus Smokefree.gov for smokers with bipolar disorder. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1543-1552.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz242
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression and/or Psychosis. ACT Phone App vs. Active Control. N=55.
van Aubel, E., Bakker, J. M., Batink, T., Michielse, S., Goossens, L., Lange, I., Schruers, K., Lieverse, R., Marcelis, M., van Amelsvoort, T., van Os, J., Wichers, M., Vassen, T., Reininghaus, U., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2020). Blended care in the treatment of subthreshold symptoms of depression and psychosis in emerging adults: A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy in daily-life (ACT-DL). Behaviour Research and Therapy, 128, 103592.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103592
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Impulsiveness. ACT vs. Inactive Control. N=40.
Morrison, K. L., Smith, B. M., Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., Friedel, J. E., Odum, A., Madden, G. J., Ledermann, T., Rung, J., & Twohig, M. P. (2020). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on impulsive decision-making. Behavior Modification, 44(4), 600-623.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445519833041
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. Web-based ACT vs. Waitlist. N=1162.
Viskovich, S, & Pakenham, K. I. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program to promote mental health in university students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 929-951.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22848
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Viskovich, S., Pakenham, K., & Fowler, J. A. (2021). A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of Experiential Intervention Exercises for Values and Committed Action from an Acceptance and Commitment (ACT) Therapy Mental Health Promotion Program for University Students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22, 108-118.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.10.001 (not counted separately from the study above)
Psychological Flexibility. Acceptance and Commitment Training vs. Waitlist. N=21.
Lundgren, T., Reinebo, G., Näslund, M., & Parling, T. (2020). Acceptance and commitment training to promote psychological flexibility in ice hockey performance: A controlled group feasibility study. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 14(2), 170-181.
DOI: 10.1123/jcsp.2018-0081
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=50.
Taheri, A. A., Foroughi, A. A., Mohammadian, Y., Ahmadi, S. M., Heshmati, K., Hezarkhani, L. A., & Parvizifard, A. A. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Pain Acceptance and Pain Perception in Patients with Painful Diabetic Neuropathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Diabetes Therapy, 11, 1695-1708.
DOI: 10.1007/s13300-020-00851-9
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Hashemi, Z., Afshari, A., & Einy, S. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment education on improving the mental health and quality of life of elderly people with cancer. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 8(2), 160-171.
DOI: 10.29252/ijhehp.8.2.160
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Transplant Patients. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=80.
Azari, S., Kiani, G., & Hejazi, M. (2020). The effect of acceptance and commitment based group therapy on increasing the quality of life in kidney transplant and hemodialysis patients in Zanjan City: A randomized clinical trial study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 19(6), 555-568.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Treatment Adherence. ACT vs. Emotion Focused Therapy vs. TAU. N=45.
Masjedi, M. A., Khalatbari, J., Abolghasemi, S., Tizdast, T., & Khah, J. K. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on adherence to treatment in cardiac patients. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 33-45.
DOI: DOI Error
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Substance Use Disorders. ACT Group vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Baghani, Z. N. & Akbari, H. (2020). Investigating the effect of ACT training on self-efficacy and impulse control of addicts. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research, 10(S1), 77-88.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Epilepsy. ACT vs. Simple Meetings with Therapist. N=20.
Motlagh, L. V., Hosseini, S. M., Najafi, M., & Ghaleh Taki, G. Z. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on improving the quality of life and its components of drug refractory epileptic patients. Komesh, 22(3), 419-427.
DOI: 10.29252/koomesh.22.3.419
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Social Anxiety. ACT Workbook vs. Traditional CBT Workbook. N=148.
Krafft, J., Twohig, M. P. & Levin, M. E. (2020). A randomized trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and traditional cognitive-behavioral therapy self-help books for social anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44(5), 954-966.
DOI: 10.1007/s10608-020-10114-3
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=148.
De Wit, J., Beelen, A., Drossaert, C. H. C., Kolijn, R., Van Den Berg, L. H., Schröder, C. C., & Visser-Meily, J. M. A. (2020). Blended psychosocial support for partners of patients with ALS and PMA: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis And Frontotemporal Degeneration, 21, 344-354.
DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1757114
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Qualitative study
de Wit, J., Vervoort, S.C.J.M., van Eerden, E., van Den Berg, L. H., Visser-Meily, J. M. A., Beelen, A., & Schröder, C. A. (2019). User perspectives on a psychosocial blended support program for partners of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and progressive muscular atrophy: a qualitative study. BMC Psychology, 7, 35.
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0308-x (not counted separately from the study above)
Diabetes. ACT vs. No Intervention. N=30.
Abdollahi, S., Hatami, M., Manesh, F. M., & Askari, P. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the self-care and adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Archives of Health Sciences, 7(2), 78-83.
DOI: DOI Error
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Various. ACT Group vs. TAU. N=52.
Moradi, F., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Dehghani, A., Vaziri, S. R., & Enjezab, B. (2020). The effectiveness of counseling based on acceptance and commitment therapy on body image and self-esteem in polycystic ovary syndrome: An RCT. International Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine, 18(4), 243-252.
DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i4.6887
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Befriending Therapy. N=19.
Whiting, D., Deane, F., McLeod, H., Ciarrochi, J., & Simpson, G. (2020). Can acceptance and commitment therapy facilitate psychological adjustment after a severe traumatic brain injury? A pilot randomized controlled trial. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 30(7), 1348-1371.
DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2019.1583582
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. Cognitive Defusion vs. Cognitive Restructuring. N=43.
Simon, E., Driessen, S., Lambert, A., & Muris, P. (2020). Challenging anxious cognitions or accepting them? Exploring the efficacy of the cognitive elements of cognitive behaviour therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the reduction of children's fear of the dark. International Journal of Psychology, 55(1), 90-97.
DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12540
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Health Anxiety. Online ACT vs. Online Support Forum. N=101.
Hoffmann, D., Rask, C. U., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Jensen, J. S., & Frostholm, L. (2020). Efficacy of internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for severe health anxiety: Results from a randomized, controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 1-11.
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291720001312. (cost effectiveness data on this intervention was published in 2022 here: DOI: 10.1007/s41669-021-00319-x)
Pain. ACT + Physical Therapy vs. Physical Therapy. N=248.
Godfrey, E., Wileman, V,. Holmes, M. G., McCracken, L. M., Norton, S., Moss-Morris, R., Noonan, S., Barcellona, M., & Critchley, D. (2020). Physical therapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT) versus usual care physical therapy for adults with chronic low back pain: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Pain, 21(1-2), 71-81.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2019.05.012
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Qualitative study
Galea Holmes, M. N., Wileman, V., Hassan, S., Denning, J., Critchley, D., Norton, S., McCracken, L. M., & Godfrey, E. (2022), Physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic low back pain: A mixed-methods treatment fidelity evaluation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 27, 935-955.
DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12583 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. ACT + exercise + problem solving + return to work plan (inpatient) vs. ACT (outpatient). N=166.
Gismervik, S. Ø., Aasdahl, L., Vasseljen, O., Fors, E.A., Rise, M. B., Johnsen, R., Hara, K., Jacobsen, H. B., Pape, K., Fleten, N., Jensen, C., & Fimland, M. S. (2020). Inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation reduces sickness absence among individuals with musculoskeletal and common mental health disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 46(4), 364-372.
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3882
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Aasdahl, L., Gismervik, S.Ø., Johnsen, R. et al. (2024 in press). Effects of Inpatient Occupational Rehabilitation vs. Outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sick Leave and Cost of Lost Production: 7-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-024-10195-x (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Aasdahl, L., Vasseljen, O., Gismervik, S.Ø. et al. (2021). Two-Year Follow-Up of a Randomized Clinical Trial of Inpatient Multimodal Occupational Rehabilitation Vs Outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Sick Listed Workers with Musculoskeletal or Common Mental Disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 31, 721–728.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-021-09969-4 (not counted separately from the study above)
Mediation Analysis
Aasdahl, L., Nilsen, T. I. L., Mork, P. J., Fimland, M. S., & Skarpsno, E. S. (2024). Inpatient multimodal rehabilitation and the role of pain intensity and mental distress on return-to-work: causal mediation analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 56, jrm18385.
DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.18385 (not counted separately from the study above)
Economic Evaluation
Aasdahl, L., Fimland, M., Bjørnelv, G. et al. (2023). Economic Evaluation of Inpatient Multimodal Occupational Rehabilitation vs. Outpatient Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Sick-Listed Workers with Musculoskeletal- or Common Mental Disorders. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 33, 463–472.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-022-10085-0 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. ACT + exercise + problem solving vs. ACT + exercise + problem solving + OT support. N=175.
Skagseth, M., Fimland, M. S., Rise, M. B., Johnsen, R., Borchgrevink, P. C., & Aasdahl, L. (2020). Effectiveness of adding a workplace intervention to an inpatient multimodal occupational rehabilitation program: A randomized clinical trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work Environment & Health, 46(4), 356-363.
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.3873
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=22.
López-López, A., Pérez, L. T., Gutiérrez, J. L. G., Pompa, B. M., & Fernández, M. A. (2020). Reducing academic procrastination by acceptance and commitment therapy: A pilot study. Revista Clinica Contemporanea, 11(1), UNSP e4.
DOI: 10.5093/cc2020a3
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Burnout. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=168.
Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, S. M., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). A psychological flexibility-based intervention for burnout: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 52-67.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.007
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. 90 min ACT + Compassion Focused Therapy Group + TAU vs. TAU. N=32.
Trindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2020). Acceptability and preliminary test of efficacy of the mind programme in women with breast cancer: An acceptance, mindfulness, and compassion-based intervention. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 162-171.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.005
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. 90 min ACT vs. 3 hr ACT vs. 6 hr ACT. N=271.
Kroska, E. B., Roche, A. I., & O'Hara, M. W. (2020). How much is enough in brief acceptance and commitment therapy? A randomized trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 235-244.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.009
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking. ACT vs. ACT + Phone App vs. Behavioral Support. N=150.
O'Connor, M., Whelan, R., Bricker, J., & McHugh, L. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a smartphone application as an adjunct to acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 162-177.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Daneshvar, M., Vakilian, K., Zadeh-Emran, A. H., & Zadeh, R. H. (2020). The effect of ACT on self-esteem and self-efficacy of women with breast cancer in Iran. Current Women’s Health Reviews, 16(1), 74-80.
DOI: 10.2174/1573404815666191121150647
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression in headache pain patients. ACT + Migraine Education Workshop vs. Support + Migraine Education Workshop. N=136.
Dindo, L. N., Recober, A., Calarge, C. A., Zimmerman, B. M., Weinrib, A., Marchman, J. N., & Turvey, C. (2020). One-day acceptance and commitment therapy compared to support for depressed migraine patients: A randomized clinical trial. Neurotherapeutics, 17(2), 743-753.
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-019-00818-0
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Marital adjustment of students. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 60.
Soltani, K., Khosropor, F., & Tehrani, H. M. (2020). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on marital adjustment and dysfunctional attitudes among married students. Journal of Nursing Education, 9(4), 72-80.
Retrieved from http://jne.ir/article-1-1163-en.html
Borderline Personality Disorder. ACT vs. DBT vs. ACT + DBT + FAP. N=65.
Reyes-Ortega, M. A., Miranda, E. M., Fresán, A., Vargas, A. N., Barragán, S. C., Garcia, R. R., & Arango, I. (2020). Clinical efficacy of a combined acceptance and commitment therapy, dialectical behavioural therapy, and functional analytic psychotherapy intervention in patients with borderline personality disorder. Psychology and Psychotherapy - Theory Research and Practice, 93(3), 474-489.
DOI: 10.1111/papt.12240
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. Couples Coping Skills Enhancement. N=45.
Mehran, A., Frouzeh, S. A., Esmaeil, S. & Fariborz, M. (2020). Comparing the efficacy of acceptance and commitment training and groups training of couples coping skills enhancement on body dysmorphic and subjective well-being in women with breast cancer. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy, 8(2), 165-190.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Cancer, self-acceptance and self-efficacy. ACT vs control group. N=95.
Wang, L. & Bai, R. (2020). "ACT干预对乳腺癌改良根治术后患者自我接纳水平及自我效能感的影响." [Effect of ACT intervention on self-acceptance and self-efficacy of patients after modified radical breast cancer resection] 山西卫生健康职业学院学报 [Journal of Shanxi Health Vocational College], 30(6), 114-116.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://qikan.cqvip.com/Qikan/Article/Detail?id=7104426983 [Article in Chinese]
Various. ACT vs. Guided Mental Imagery. N=45.
Shahabi, A., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Asgari, P., & Makvandi, B. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and guided imagery on the resilience of cardiac disease patients referring to the heart rehabilitation department. Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences, 26(3), 276-297.
DOI: 10.32598/hms.26.3.3184.1
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Depression. ACT vs. TAU. N=60.
Bunyathikan, T., Soonthornchaiya, R., & Charernboon, T. (2020). The effects of an acceptance and commitment therapy program on the depressive symptoms of elderly patients with major depressive disorder. The Journal of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, 34(2), 118-131.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=40.
Somayeh, H. R., Esmaeel, S., Fariborz, D., Ali, D., & Soghra, E. G. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Training program on motivational beliefs and future time perspective for students with academic self-defeating behaviors. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 17(2), 31-45.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website [English Abstract]
Binge Eating Disorder. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Khani, Z. O., Hasani, F., Sepahmansour, M., & Arshadi, F. K. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on body image flexibility and affect control in women with binge eating disorder. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 6(3), 94-102.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Valizadeh, S., Makvandi, B., Bakhtiarpour, S., & Hafezi, F. (2020). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on resilience and cognitive flexibility in prisoners. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 9(4), 78-89.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Pain/Substance Use. ACT Automated Text Messaging vs. TAU. N=82.
Anthony, C. A., Rojas, E. O., Keffala, V., Glass, N. A., Shah, A. S., Miller, B. J., Hogue, M., Willey, M. C., Karam, M., & Marsh, J. L. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy delivered via a mobile phone messaging robot to decrease postoperative opioid use in patients with orthopedic trauma: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e17750.
DOI: 10.2196/17750
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Marital conflict. ACT vs. Schema Focused ACT vs. Waitlist. N=90 couples.
Aalami, M., Taimory, S., Ahi, G., & Bayazi, M. H. (2020). Comparison effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and an integrated approach of schema therapy based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reduction of marital conflicts in divorce applicant couples. Journal of Consulting Excellence and Psychotherapy, 9, 58-71.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://journal-counselling.iiau.ac.ir/article_674196.html
Posttraumatic Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist + TAU. N=313.
Muscara, F., McCarthy, M. C., Rayner, M., Nicholson, J. M., Dimovski, A., McMillan, L., Hearps, S. J. C., Yamada, J., Burke, K., Walser, R., & Anderson, V. A. (2020). Effect of a videoconference-based online group intervention for traumatic stress in parents of children with life-threatening illness: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 3(7), e208507.
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8507
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Marital Conflict. ACT vs. Emotionally Focused Therapy vs. No Treatment. N=45.
Jazayeri, R., Khanehi, D., Bahrami, F., Montazeri, N., & Etemadi, O. (2020). Comparison of the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT) on marital conflict in cardiac patients with a history of coronary artery bypass. Journal of Family Research, 15(60), 519-540.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Interpersonal Skills. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=42.
Bernal-Manrique, K. N., García-Martín, M. B., & Ruiz, F. J. (2020). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving interpersonal skills in adolescents: A randomized waitlist control trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, 86-94.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Tork, A., & Sajjadian, I. (2020). The effect of acceptance and commitment based therapy on psychological distress and negative automatic thoughts in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Child Mental Health, 6(4), 156-167.
DOI: 10.29252/jcmh.6.4.15
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking Cessation. ACT group therapy vs. CBT group therapy. N=450.
McClure, J. B., Bricker, J., Mull, K., & Heffner, J. L. (2020). Comparative-Effectiveness of Group-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy vs. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(3), 354-362.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty268
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT Self-Help vs. MBSR Self-Health. N=109.
Levin, M. E., An, W., Davis, C. H., & Twohig, M. P. (2020). Evaluating acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction self-help books for college student mental health. Mindfulness, 11, 1275-1285.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01344-3
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT Group + TAU vs. TAU. N=160.
Livheim, F., Tengström, A., Andersson, G., Dahl, J., Björck, C., & Rosendahl, I. (2020). A quasi-experimental, multicenter study of acceptance and commitment therapy for antisocial youth in residential care. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 119-127.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Penile injections. Erectile rehabilitation program + ACT vs. Erectile rehabilitation program + enhanced education. N=120.
Nelson, C., Tutino, R., Pessin, H., Joshi, N., & Mulhall, J. P. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy to increase compliance with intracavernosal injection use (ICI) following radical prostatectomy (RP): Preliminary results from a randomized control trial. The Journal of Urology, 203(4), e545-e545.
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000000883.04
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Oppositional Defiant Disorder. ACT vs. Triple P vs. Waitlist. N=45.
Amini Naghani S, Najarpourian S, Samavi S A. (2020). Comparing the Effectiveness of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program and Parenting Program of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Parent-Child Relationship and Self-efficacy of Mothers With Oppositional Defiant Disorder Children. Journal of Research and Health, 10 (2) :111-122.
DOI: 10.32598/JRH.10.2.7
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=24.
Khoramnia, S., Bavafa, A., Jaberghaderi, N., Parvizifard, A., Foroughi, A., Ahmadi, M., & Amiri, S. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 42(1), Epub.
DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Multiple Sclerosis. Italian READY for MS (ACT) vs. Relaxation. N=37.
Giovannetti, A. M., Quintas, R., Tramacere, I., Giordano, A., Confalonieri, P., Uccelli, M. M., Solari, A., & Pakenhan, K. I. (2020). A resilience group training program for people with multiple sclerosis: Results of a pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial and nested qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 15(4), e0231380.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231380
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT Group vs. Cultural Control Group. N=35.
Fang, S. & Ding, D. (2020). The efficacy of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological capital and school engagement: A pilot study among Chinese adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 134-143.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.005
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT/FAP Workshop vs. Active Control. N=44.
Williams, M. T., Kanter, J. W., Peña, A., Ching, T. H. W., & Oshin, L. (2020). Reducing microaggressions and promoting interracial connection: The racial harmony workshop. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 153-161.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT/FAP Workshop vs. No Treatment. N=25.
Kanter, J. W., Rosen, D. C., Manbeck, K. E., Branstetter, H. M. L., Kuczynski, A. M., Corey, M. D., Maitland, D. W. M., & Williams, M. T. (2020). Addressing microaggressions in racially charged patient-provider interactions: A pilot randomized trial. BMC Medical Education, 20, 88.
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-020-02004-9
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT Group vs. No Treatment. N=32.
Ahmad Sermori, P., Mardani Karani, J., Nazari Sarmazeh, F., Sayyadi Shahraki, Z., & Omidian Dehkordi, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on decreasing impulsivity and high-risk behaviors of secondary school students. Rooyesh Ravanshenasi Journal, 8(12), 21-30.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Various. Online ACT Open vs. Engaged vs. Combined vs. Waitlist. N=181.
Levin, M. E., Krafft, J., Hicks, E. T., Pierce, B. & Twohig, M. P. (2020). A randomized dismantling trial of the open and engaged components of acceptance and commitment therapy in an online self-help program for distressed college students. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 126, 103557.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2020.103557
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., Davis C.H., & Twohig, M.P. (2021). Evaluating the effects of guided coaching calls on engagement and outcomes for online acceptance and commitment therapy. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 50(5), 395-408.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2020.1846609 (not counted separately from the study above)
Grief / Psychological Distress. ACT Self-help + TAU vs. TAU. N=55.
Davis, E. L., Deane, F. P., Lyons, G. C. B., Barclay, G. D., Bourne, J., & Connoly, V. (2020). Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for grief and psychological distress in carers of palliative care patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 25(3), 322-339.
DOI: 10.1177/1359105317715091
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Eating Disorders. ACT Group vs. TAU. N=99.
Ghahnaviyeh, L. A., Bagherian, R., Feizi. A., Afshari, A., & Darani, F. M. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in a patient with myocardial infarction: A randomized control trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 15(1), 1-9.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Eating Disorders. ACT Group vs. TAU. N=99.
Fogelkvist, M., Gustafsson, S. A., Kjellin, L. & Parling, T. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce eating disorder symptoms and body image problems in patients with residual eating disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial. Body Image, 32, 155-166.
DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.01.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT Group vs. Survivorship Education vs. Enhanced Usual Care. N=91.
Johns, S. A., Stutz, P. V., Talib, T. L., Cohee, A. A., Beck-Coon, K. A., Brown, L. F., Wilhelm, L. R., Monahan, P. O., LaPradd, M. L., Champion, V. L., Miller, K. D., & Giesler, R. B. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy for breast cancer survivors with fear of cancer recurrence: A 3-arm pilot randomized controlled trial. Cancer, 126(1), 211-218.
DOI: 10.1002/cncr.32518
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ACT Group + Self-Help vs. Waitlist. N=26.
Ito, M., & Muto, T. (2020). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for irritable bowel syndrome non-patients: A pilot randomized waiting list controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 85-91.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.009
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Trichotillomania. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=25.
Lee, E. B., Homan, K. J., Morrison, K. L., Ong, C. W., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial of adults and adolescents. Behavior Modification, 44, 49-69.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445518794366
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Spinal Cord Injury Patients with PTSD. Regular rehab group vs regular rehab+ACT. N=60.
Huang G., Chen Y., & Zhu Z. (2020). Clinical Effect of Acceptance Commitment Therapy Combined with Rehabilitation Training on Spinal Cord Injury Patients with PTSD. Heilongjiang Medicine Journal, 4, 773-776.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: CAOD
Stress in advanced pancreatic cancer. ACT vs Control. N=122.
Pan H., Luo B., Ti T., Zhu T., Yang H., & Lian P., (2020). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological stress in patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. Chinese Nursing Research, 7, 1279-1282.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: CAOD
Type II Diabetes Glycemic Control and self-efficacy. Health education vs health education + ACT. N = 96.
Wang, L., He, M., Chen, J., Yi, Y. & Li, H. (2020). Near and long-term effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on patients with type 2 diabetes. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 36(1), 47-51.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://wprim.whocc.org.cn/admin/article/articleDetail?WPRIMID=799196& articleId=805529& from=search
Self-esteem, self-consistency, and perceived social support in impoverished undergraduates. ACT+music therapy vs. no treatment. N = 48.
Lin, M., & Hong, C. (2020). Intervention effect of group counseling on the self-esteem of impoverished undergraduates: A therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy and music therapy. Chinese Journal of School Health, 41(1), 73-77.
DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.01.020
Retrieved from: http://wprim.whocc.org.cn/admin/article/articleDetail?WPRIMID=815548& articleId=822811& from=search
Psychological well-being of women with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). compassion focused (CFT) and ACT combined therapy vs cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) (10 sessions each) vs TAU. N=47.
Khayatan, SH., Aghaei,A., Abedi, M.R., & Golparvar, M. (2020). Comparison of CFT- ACT Combined Therapy with CBT on Psychological Well- Being in Diabetic Women. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity (IJDO), 12(2), 69-75.
DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v12i2.4044
Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.html
Satisfaction of marriage and attitude toward to the infertility in sterile women. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Haghayegh, SA. (2020). The effect of treatment based on the ACT on infertility, satisfaction of marriage and attitude toward to the infertility in sterile women. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(2), 13-25.
DOI: 10.52547/shenakht.7.2.13
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.html
Pain-Related Anxiety and Cognitive Emotion Regulation of Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=68.
Esfahani, A., Zeinali, S., & Kiani, R. (2020). Effect of ACT on Pain-Related Anxiety and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Clinical Trail. The Journl of Arak Uni Med Sci, 23(2),138-149.
DOI: 10.32598/JAMS.23.2.3364.2
Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6144-en.html
Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Intolerance of uncertainty of The Students with Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder. ACT (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Asli Azad, M., & Manshaee, G., & Ghamarani, A. (2020). Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Intolerance of uncertainty of The Students with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 9(36), 33-53.
DOI:10.22054/JPE.2019.44480.2027
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=740961
Emotional Burn Out and Emotional Labor among Nurses Working at Hospitals. ACT (3 sessions) vs waitlist. N=40.
Mirshekar, S., Hashemi, SE., Mehrabizade Honarmand, M., & Arshadi, N. (2020). Effectiveness of Psychological Flexibility Training based on ACT on Emotional Burn Out and Emotional Labor among Nurses Working at Hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. The Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 28(4), 90-99.
DOI: 10.29252/sjimu.28.4.90
Retrieved from: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-5359-en.html
Craving in Women Consuming Crystal Drug. ACT vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (14 sessions each) vs psychoeducation. N=45.
Mohammadi, M., Hassani, F., Emamipour, S., & Golshani, F. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and ACT in Reducing Craving in Women Consuming Crystal Drug. The Journal of Novelty in Biomedicine, 8(3), 109-116.
DOI: 10.22037/nbm.v1i1.25226
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/nbm/article/view/25226/25273
Quality of Life of Women with Chronic Headache. ACT vs Emotion-Based Therapy (8 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=30.
Fathi, S., Poyamanesh, J., Ghamari, M., & FathiAgdam, G. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of an Emotion-Based Therapy and a Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on the Quality of Life of Women with Chronic Headache. The Journal of Feyz, 24(3), 302-311.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-4145-en.html
Psychological Capital in the Elderly. ACT (8 sessions) vs Existentialism Therapy (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=45.
Ayn Beygi, A., Soleimanian, AA., & Jajarmi, M. (2020). The Comparison of the effectiveness of ACT and existentialism therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(2), 165-178.
DOI: 10.22126/JAP.2020.5484.1440
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1521_4a407c2dc72163b99f5a9e8978178d87.pdf
Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Pain Coping Strategies for Patients with Leukemia. ACT (9 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Faryabi, M., Rafieepoor, A., hajializade, K., & Khodaverdian, S. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Pain Coping Strategies for Patients with Leukemia. The Journal of Feyz, 24(4), 424-432.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-4099-en.html
Character traits of women with rheumatoid arthritis. ACT vs Positive Psychotherapy (8 sessions each) vs TAU. N=60.
Moradi, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy with acceptance-based therapy and commitment to the character traits of women with rheumatoid arthritis. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(3), 32-49.
DOI: 10.52547/shenakht.7.3.32
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.html
Posttraumatic cognitions and psychological inflexibility among students with trauma exposure. ACT (5 sessions) vs placebo. N=40.
Molavi, P., Pourabdol, S., & Azarkolah, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Posttraumatic Cognitions and Psychological Inflexibility among Students with Trauma Exposure. Archives of Trauma Research, 9(9), 69-74.
DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_100_19
Retrieved from: https://www.archtrauma.com/text.asp?2020/9/2/69/285476
Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Health in Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Hasannezhad Reskati, M., Mirzaian, B., & Hosseini, SH. (2020). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training on Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Health in Women with Breast Cancer: A clinical trial study. The Journal of Gorgan Univ Med Sci, 21(4), 22-28.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3573-en.html
Cognitive Distortions of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs Metacognitive Group Therapy (10 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=60.
Veiskarami, H., Khodaei, S., & GHazanfari, F. (2020). A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Metacognitive Group Therapy and ACT on the Cognitive Distortions of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 21(4), 86-105.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2887-en.html
Anxiety and Despair of Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. ACT vs Coping Strategies (8 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=30.
Rostami, M., Keykhosrovani, M., Poladi Rishehri, A., & Bahrani, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Treatment Based on ACT versus Training Coping Strategies on Anxiety and Despair of Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The Iranian South Medical Journal (ISMJ), 23(1), 56-69.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=766443
Stress and Depression in Adolescents Aged 14 to 18 Years with Stuttering. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=20.
Babaie, Z., & Saeidmanesh, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Stress and Depression in Adolescents Aged 14 to 18 Years with Stuttering: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. The Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 15(5), 243-248.
DOI: 10.22122/jrrs.v15i5.3433
Retrieved from: http://jrrs.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrrs/article/view/3433/3072
Selfcare and HbA1C in type II diabetic patients. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=60.
Nasiri, F., Omidi, A., Mozafari, M., Mousavi, S., & Jokar, S. (2020). Effectiveness of group ACT on Selfcare and HbA1C in type II diabetic patients. The Journal of FEYZ, 24(2), 209-218.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3782-en.pdf
Distress Tolerance and Self-Destructive Behaviors in Substance Abusers. ACT vs Quality of Life Improvement Training (QOLT) (10 sessions each) vs TAU. N=45.
Ghanbari, H., Toozandejani, H., & Nejat, H. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Quality of Life Improvement Training on Distress Tolerance and Self-Destructive Behaviors in Substance Abusers. The International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine, 5(1), 28-32.
DOI: 10.34172/ijbsm.2020.07
Retrieved from: http://ijbsm.zbmu.ac.ir/PDF/ijbsm-14400
Psychological Flexibility and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Jelodari, S., Sodagar, SH., & Bahrami Hidaji, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Flexibility and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 13(4), 527-548.
DOI: 10.29252/apsy.13.4.527
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97266_f70de273265024609ee88dd2fd963dbf.pdf?lang=en
Perception of Disease in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Aghalar, S., Manesh, FM., Khorami, NS., & Hafezi, F. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Perception of Disease in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(7), 137-42.
DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_80_19
Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2020/7/3/137/293500
Psychological Flexibility and Emotion Regulation in Divorced Women. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=38.
Siahpoosh, S., & GolestaniBakht, T. (2020). The Effect of ACT on Psychological Flexibility and Emotion Regulation in Divorced Women. The Journal of Feyz, 24(4), 413-423.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3969-en.pdf
Rate of Acceptance and Post-Traumatic Growth in Colorectal Cancer Patients Comorbid with Stress. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Kazemipour, A., Mirderikvand, F., & Amraei, K. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on the Rate of Acceptance and Post-Traumatic Growth in Colorectal Cancer Patients Comorbid with Stress. The Journal of Payesh, 19(5), 569-580.
DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.5.569
Retrieved from: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-1506-en.html
Symptoms of Emotional PTSD in Women Affected by Infidelity. ACT (9 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Gharadaghi, A. (2020). Effectiveness of ACT on Symptoms of Emotional PTSD in Women Affected by Infidelity. The Journal of Family Research, 16(2), 217-229.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97818_a8959131e4e5e43276417a28851b169c.pdf?lang=en
Self-Esteem and Social Phobia Disorder. ACT vs Social Skills Training (10 sessions each) vs no treatment. N=45.
Rezaee, M., Farhadi, A., & Goodarzi, K. (2020). Comparison the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Social Skills Training on Self-Esteem and Social Phobia Disorder. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 22(3), 23-33.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3014-en.html
Depression, Psychological Health and Life Expectancy of The Elderly with None Clinical Depression. ACT (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=50.
Golestanifar, S., & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Depression, Psychological Health and Life Expectancy of The Elderly with None Clinical Depression. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(3), 191-203.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1540_2e1994bc66516a355dbe745e94735faf.pdf
Spiritual Well-being of Couples. ACT (10 sessions) vs Emotion-Focused therapy (EFT) (6 sessions) vs ACT+ EFT (16 sessions) vs waitlist. N=56.
Nemati, M., Dokaneheeifard, F., & Behboodi, M. (2020). Comparing Effectiveness of ACT, Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) and Combining ACT & EFT in the Spiritual Well-being of Couples Referring to Counseling Centers in Sari: An Experimental Study. The Journal of Research on Religion and Health, 6(1), 87-99.
DOI: 10.22037/jrrh.v6i1.21369
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-jrrh/article/view/29663
2019 (n = 129)
Smoking abstinence. Chat-based instant messaging support vs control. N=1185.
Wang, M.P., Luk, T.T., Wu, Y., Li, W.H., Cheung, D.Y., Kwong, A.C.,et al. (2019). Chat-based instant messaging support integrated with brief interventions for smoking cessation: a community-based, pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Digital Health, 1(4), e183 - e192.
DOI: 10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30082-2
Secondary Analysis
Li Y, Luk TT, Cheung YTD, et al. (2024). Engagement With a Mobile Chat-Based Intervention for Smoking Cessation: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Network Open, 7(6), e2417796.
DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.17796 (not counted separately from the study above)
Food cravings. Defusion vs. acceptance vs. distraction. N=63.
Hulbert-Williams, L., Hulbert-Williams, N. J., Nicholls, W., Williamson, S., Poonia, J., Hochard, K. D. (2019). Ultra-brief non-expert-delivered defusion and acceptance exercises for food cravings: A partial replication study. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(12), 1698-1709.
DOI: 10.1177/1359105317695424
Reducing excessive video gaming in adolescents. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 54.
Abdul Rashid, Nasser Sayed Jumaa, Shaaban, Mona Ahmed Mohamed. (2019). فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام في خفض مستوى ممارسة الألعاب الالکترونية لدى المراهقين [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the level of playing electronic games among adolescents]. Educational and psychological studies. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 34 (105), 293-388.
DOI: 10.21608/sec.2019.81139 [Article in Arabic]
Loneliness among the visually impaired. ACT vs no treatment. N = 20.
Ismail, Aya. (2019). مدى فعالية العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تحسين المرونة النفسية لدى ذوى الشعور بالوحدة النفسية من المعاقين بصريًا [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving the psychological resilience of visually impaired individuals with a sense of loneliness]. Studies in psychological and educational counseling, 6 (sixth), 1-24.
DOI: 10.21608/dapt.2019.110810 [Article in Arabic]
Well being of infertile women. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 30.
Haji-Adineh, S., Rafeian, S., Tavakoli, S. M., & Farisat, A. (2019). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Optimism about Life and Psychological Well-Being in Infertile Women. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(4), 201-208.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Depression and anxiety in medical students. Group ACT vs Group Schema Therapy vs no treatment. N = 48.
Amiri-Moghadam, A. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Schema Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Anxiety in Students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Iran. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(4), 209-216.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Quality of life of infertile women. ACT vs. control. N=40.
Rahimi, E., Attarha, M., & Majidi, A. (2019). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Quality of Life in Infertile Women During Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial. International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences, 7(4), 483-489.
DOI: 10.15296/ijwhr.2019.80
Full text: http://ijwhr.net/text.php?id=413
Self-efficacy of mothers of children with autism. ACT vs. control. N=22.
Ahmadi, A., & Raeisi, Z. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Improving Self-Efficacy of Mothers of Children with Autism. Quarterly Journal of Family and Research, 16(2), 123-137.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://qjfr.ir/article-1-1101-en.html
Anxiety, depression and well-being in women with hypothyroidism. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Fakharian, N., Samari safa, J., & Ghezelsefloo, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the Anxiety, Depression and Psychological well-being of Patients with Hypothyroidism. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(2), 65-72.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-2541-en.html
Quality of life in the elderly with “empty-nest syndrome”. Group ACT vs. no treatment. N=30.
Askari, Z., Tahan, M., & Ahangari, E. (2019). The effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to quality of life in elderly people with empty-nest syndrome. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 26(5), 585-591.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jsums.medsab.ac.ir/article_1225.html
Biological indications of stress. ACT vs. waitlist. N=35.
Gloster, A. T., Klotsche, J., Aggeler, T., Geisser, N., Juillerat, G., Schmidlin, N., Müller-Siemens, S., & Gaab, J. (2019). Psychoneuroendocrine evaluation of an acceptance and commitment based stress management training. Psychotherapy Research, 29(4), 503-513.
DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1380862
Mental health of high school students. ACT vs TAU. N=20.
Chen, Y., Hu, M., Lai, X., & Xu, J. (2019). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health of high school students based on the dual-factor model of mental health. Chinese Journal of School Health, 37(4), 550-554.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Quality of life in postoperative cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N = 48.
Xu, X., Ou, M., Xie, C., & Chen, Y. (2019). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for postoperative laryngeal cancer patients. Nursing Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army, 36(5), 6-10.
DOI: 10.3696/j.issn.1008-9993.2019.05.002
Full Text: CAOD
Social functioning of bipolar patients. ACT vs TAU. N=60.
Li, M., Shi, J., & Feng, G. (2019). The intervention of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for social function of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Journal of International Psychiatry, 47(5), 834-836.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Problem-solving in people with amphetamine addiction. ACT-based problem solving vs. N=30.
Kumlerd, S., Haenjohn, J., & Supwirapakorn, W. (2019). Development of problem-solving training program based on acceptance and commitment therapy in adolescents and young adults with amphetamine addiction. The Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses, 20(1), 181-187.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: tci-thailand.org
Congruence between counselors in training and clients. ACT vs. control. N=18.
Utainsut, P., & Teerapong, T. (2019). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy group counseling on congruence of counselors in training. Journal of Human Sciences, 20(1), 240-270.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: tci-thailand.org
Quality of life in transgender persons. ACT vs. TAU. N=18.
Kongprapun, N., Haenjohn, J., & Supwirapakorn, W. (2019). A development of quality of life of male to female transgender by acceptance and commitment group therapy. Thai Journal of Police Nurses, 11(1), 216-227.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: tci-thailand.org
Social anxiety in college students. Group ACT vs. control. N=47.
Lee, J. & Kim, E. (2019). Effect of the Acceptance Commitment Therapy on Social Anxiety and Quality of Life of Socially Anxious College students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 26(2), 45-74.
DOI: 10.21509/KJYS.2019.02.26.2.45
Psychological well-being and sexual function of women with a history of infertility. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Hasanzadeh M, Akbari B, & Abolghasemi A. (2019). Efficiency of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Well-being and Sexual Function in Women with Infertility History. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care, 27(4), 250-259.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: nmj.umsha.ac.ir
Burnout in public employees. FAP + ACT vs. waitlist. N=43.
Macías, J., Valero-Aguayo, L., Bond, F. W., & Blanca, M. J. (2019). The efficacy of functional-analytic psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy (FACT) for public employees. Psicothema, 31(1), 24-29.
DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2018.202
Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Hazavei, F., & RobatMili, S. (2020). The effect of "acceptance and commitment therapy" on psychological flexibility and behavioral inhibition of adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Journal of Health Promotion Management, 8(6), 18-29.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website (English Abstract Available)
Mental health and days missed in nurses and aides. ACT vs Waitlist control. N=71.
O'Brien, W. H., Singh, R. S., Horan, K., Moeller, M. T., Wasson, R., & Jex, S. M. (2019). Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for nurses and nurse aides working in long-term care residential settings. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 25(7), 753-761.
DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0087
Penile rehabilitation compliance following radical prostatectomy. Standard care + ACT vs. Standard care + enhanced monitoring. N=53.
Nelson, C. J., Saracino, R. M., Napolitano, S., Pessin, H., Narus, J. B., Mulhall, J. P. (2019). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to increase adherence to penile injection therapy-based rehabilitation after radical prostatectomy: Pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Sexual Medicine, 16(9), 1398-1408.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.05.013
Pain tolerance. Values vs. control. N=32.
Smith, B. M., Villatte, J. L., Ong, C. W., Butcher, G. M., Twohig, M. P., Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2019). The influence of a personal values intervention on cold pressor-induced distress tolerance. Behavior Modification, 43(5), 688-710.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445518782402
Distress and quality of life of breast cancer patients. ACT vs. group support. N=30.
Mani, A., Mehdipour, Z., Ahmadzadeh, L., Tahmasebi, S., Khabir, L., & Mosalaei, A. (2019). The effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment psychotherapy on psychological well-being of breast cancer patients in Shiraz, Iran. Middle East Journal of Cancer, 10(3), 231-238.
DOI: 10.30476/mejc.2019.45316
Physical activity in adolescents. Acceptance-based behavior therapy + tracking device vs. tracking device alone. N=20.
Remmert, J.E., Woodworth, A., Chau, L., Schumacher, L.M., Butryn, M.L., & Schneider, M. (2019). Pilot Trial of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention to Promote Physical Activity Among Adolescents. The Journal of School Nursing., 35(6), 449-461.
DOI: 10.1177/1059840518786782
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cognitive flexibility and quality of life of adolescents with learning disabilities. ACT vs. no treatment. N=60.
Enaya, M., Dous, Y., & Mirzaian, B. (2019). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the quality of life and psychosocial flexibility of female junior high school students with special learning disorders in Sari. Avicenna Journal of Neuropsychophysiology, 5(3),139-146.
DOI: 10.32598/ajnpp.5.3.139
Cognitive-emotional regulation, resilience and self-control strategies. ACT vs. control. N=60.
Ghorbani Amir, H. A., Moradi, O., Arefi, M., & Ahmadian, H. (2019). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Cognitive-Emotional Regulation, Resilience, and Self-control Strategies in Divorced Women. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 6(4), 195-202.
DOI: 10.32598/ajnpp.6.4.5
Full Text: Available via http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-196-en.html
Obesity. ACT vs a continued behavioural weight‐loss intervention. N=88.
Afari, N., Herbert, M. S., Godfrey, K. M., Cuneo, J. G., Salamat, J. S., Mostoufi, S., Gasperi, M., Ober, K., Backhaus, A., Rutledge, T., & Wetherell, J. L. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy as an adjunct to the MOVE! programme: a randomized controlled trial, Obesity Science & Practice. 5: 397– 407.
DOI: 10.1002/osp4.356
Secondary Analysis
Wooldridge, J. S., Herbert, M. S., Hernandez, J., Dochat, C., Godfrey, K. M., Gasperi, M., & Afari, N. (2019). Improvement in six-minute walk test distance following treatment for behavioral weight loss and disinhibited eating: An exploratory secondary analysis. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 26, 443-448.
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09796-1 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Wooldridge, J. S., Blanco, B. H., Dochat, C. Herbert, M. S., Godfrey, K. T., Salamat, J., & Afari, N. (2021). Relationships between dietary intake and weight-related experiential avoidance following behavioral weight-loss treatment. International Journal of Behavioral Medicine.
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09990-0 (not counted separately from the study above)
Quality of life and pain catastrophizing in chronic pain. ACT vs physiotherapy vs wait list. N = 75.
Samani, M. G., Najafi, M., & Bouger, I. R. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and physiotherapy on quality of life and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 21(6), 271-275.
DOI: 10.34172/jsums.2019.47
Wellness among University Students. ACT vs Waitlist Control Group. N=58
Wahyun, E., Nurihsan, J., & Yusuf, S. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to enhance students' wellness. Journal of Evidence - Based Psychotherapies, 19(1), 91-113.
DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2019.1.6
Full Text Available on ACBS website: https://contextualscience.org/files/Indonesia%20student%20wellness%20study%202019.pdf
Trust and emotion regulation in married women. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 24.
Amani, A., Isazadeh, O., & Alipour, E. (2019). The Impact of group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on trust in interpersonal relationships and emotion control among married women. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 14(48), 145-167.
Psychological distress in teenagers with learning disabilities. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 44.
Narimani, M., & Taherifard, M. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment training to decrease experiential avoidance and psychological distress in teenagers with specific learning disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8(4), 110-133.
DOI: 10.22098/jld.2019.823
Chronic pain. Bibliotherapy vs. wait-list control condition. N=140.
Veillette, J., Martel, M-E, & Dionne, F. (2019). A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy-Based Bibliotherapy among Adults Living with Chronic Pain. Canadian Journal of Pain, 3, 209-225.
DOI: 10.1080/24740527.2019.1678113
Cancer symptom interference; caregiver distress. Telephone ACT vs. education and support. N=50 dyads.
Mosher, C. E., Secinti, E., Hirsh, A. T., et al. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for symptom interference in advanced lung cancer and caregiver distress: A pilot randomized trial. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 58(4), 632–644.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.06.021
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT vs. CBT vs. No Treatment. N=45.
Taghavizade Ardakani, M., Akbari, B., Hossein Khanzade, A. A., & Moshkbide Haghighi, M. (2019). Comparing the effects of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on the perfectionism of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Horizon of Medical Sciences, 26(1), 24-37.
DOI: 10.32598/hms.26.1.3093.1
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. Routine Pregnancy Care. N=44.
Vakilian, K., Zarei, F., & Majidi, A. (2019). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety and quality of life during pregnancy: A mental health clinical trial study. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 21(8), e89489.
DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.89489
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Quality of Life. ACT Group vs. No Treatment. N=20 (dyads).
Mohsenzadeh, F., Yarahmadi, H., Zahrakar, K., & Soleimani, A. (2019). Effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in HIV patient. Journal of Psychological Science, 18(80), 923-932.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Rezapour Mirsaleh, Y., Esmaeelbeigi, M., & Salari, H. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the competitive-state anxiety of warfare victims who are professional athletes. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 11(2), 73-78.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Davoodi, M., Shameli, L, & Hadianfard, H. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic fatigue syndrome and pain perception in people with multiple sclerosis. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry & Clinical Psychology, 3, 250-265.
DOI: DOI Error
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Cancer. ACT vs. TAU. N=54.
Hadlandsmyth, K., Dindo, L. N., Wajid, R., Sugg, S. L., Zimmerman, M. B., & Rakel, B. A. (2019). A single‐session acceptance and commitment therapy intervention among women undergoing surgery for breast cancer: A randomized pilot trial to reduce persistent postsurgical pain. Psycho‐Oncology, 28, 2210-2217.
DOI: 10.1002/pon.5209
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=12.
Lee, G., & Son, C. (2019). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on assertiveness and interpersonal anxiety of university students with interpersonal anxiety. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(4), 345-353.
DOI: 10.14400/JDC.2019.17.4.345
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Insomnia. Group ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Rashidnejad, M., Izadi, A., Yazarloo, M., & Mamashlo, Z. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on insomnia and sleep quality in medical students. Educational Psychology Letters, 1(1).
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Abstract Available Through Journal Website
PTSD symptoms Depressive symptoms Anxiety symptoms. ACT vs. control group. N=30.
Gholamrezaei, H., Tashvighi, M., Chaghosaz, M., Poormand, Z., & Vaziritabar, H. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy on reducing anxiety, depression, and post traumatic stress in women affected by mate-marriage. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, 61(1), 201-210.
DOI: 10.22038/mjms.2019.14884
Various. Group ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Salimi, M., Mahdavi, A., Yeghaneh, S. S., Abedin, M., & Hajhosseini, M. (2019). The effectiveness of group based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on emotion cognitive regulation strategies in mothers of children with Autism Spectrum. MAEDICA - a Journal of Clinical Medicine, 14(3), 240-246.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=35.
Elahe, R., Mahtab, A., Abed, M., & Ali Asghar, G. (2019). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety in infertile women during treatment: A randomized trial. Journal of Biochemical Technology, Special Issue(2), 78-86.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Diabetes. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=80.
Maghsoudi, Z., Razavi, Z., Razavi, M., & Javadi, M. (2019). Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for emotional distress in the elderly with type 2 diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 12, 2137-2143.
DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S221245
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT + Volleyball vs. Volleyball. N=33.
Li, P., Bai, S., & Zhang, R. (2019). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health of college students. Advances in Psychology, 9(9), 1613-1619.
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2019.99196
Full Text: Available Through DOI [English Abstract Available]
Fear of cancer recurrence in patients with oral cancer recurrence. ACT vs. routine nursing care. N=63.
Arylbow, R., Liu, J., & Wang, Q. (2019). The impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on cancer recurrence fears in patients with relapses from oral cancer. Journal of Nursing Science, 34 (16).
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=HLXZ201916030&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2019&v=jIWIJtfp0ERzCwvx1WEMs_l4Ul5jMrmaQBV4_jdLvYE09UUiPSm42s6oEMSb4bG7
Quality of life and coping styles in schizophrenia. Group ACT vs. psychoeducation. N=61.
Li, L., Shi, J., Li, M., Jia, Y., Cao, Q., & Wang, B. (2019). Impact of acceptance commitment therapy on the quality of life and coping style of patients recovering from schizophrenia. International Journal of Psychiatry, 46 (4).
DOI: 10.13479/j.cnki.jip.2019.04.020
Depression. Attention Bias Modification + ACT vs. No Treatment. N=244.
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Rosendahl, I., Zettle, R. D., Jonassen, R., Harmer, C. J., Stiles, T. C., Landrø, N. I., & Haaland, V. Ø. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy preceded by attention bias modification on residual symptoms in depression: A 12-month follow-up. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(3), 272-286.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01995
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Taghvaei, D., Jahangiri, M. M., & Bidaki, Z. Z. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological flexibility and health promotion among mothers with autistic children. Iranian Journal of Health Education and Health Promotion, 7(2), 143-153.
DOI: 10.30699/ijhehp.7.2.143
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=32.
Gharashi, K., Moheb, N., & Abdi, R. (2019). The effects of the acceptance and commitment therapy on the experiential avoidance and intolerance of uncertainty of mothers with hearing-impaired children. Auditory and Vestibular Research, 28(4), 256-264.
DOI: 10.18502/avr.v28i4.1462
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Self-compassion and well-being. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Jahromi, N. J. & Abudi, A. (2019). Investigating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on self-compassion and psychological well-being of the experienced-infidelity women referred to the counseling centers of Shiraz. Journal of Biochemical Technology, Special Issue(2), 118-124.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through Journal Website
Illness perception in hemodialysis patients. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Karimi, S., Moradimanesh, F., Asgari, P., & Bakhtiyarpour, S. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the illness perception in dialysis patients. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 30(1), 1-8.
DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2019/v30i130260
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Parenting. Web-based ACT vs. Waitlist. N=74.
Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, E., Lappalainen, P., Kaipainen, K., Carlstedt, F., Anclair, M., & Hiltunen, A. (2019). Effectiveness of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for wellbeing of parents whose children have chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 94-102.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.07.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Perfectionism. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=53.
Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B., Krafft, J., Terry, C. L., Barrett, T. S., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinical perfectionism. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 22, 100444.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2019.100444
Full Text: Available Through DOI
OCD. ACT Group + SSRI vs. CBT Group + SSRI vs. SSRI. N=69.
Shabani, M. J., Mohsenabadi, H., Omidi, A., Lee, E. B., Twohig, M. P., Ahmdvand, A., & Zanjani, Z. (2019). An Iranian study of group acceptance and commitment therapy versus group cognitive behavioral therapy for adolescents with obsessive-compulsive disorder on an optimal dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 22, 100440.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2019.04.003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Sport Performance. Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) vs. Psychological Skills Training. N=69.
Josefsson, T., Ivarsson, A., Gustafsson, H., Stenling, A., Lindwall, M., Tornberg, & Böröy, J. (2019). Effects of mindfulness-acceptance-commitment (MAC) on sport-specific dispositional mindfulness, emotion regulation, and self-rated athletic performance in a multiple-sport population: An RCT study. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1518-1529.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-019-01098-7
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT + Medication vs. Active Comparison vs. Medication. N=66.
Sayyar, S., Ghanbari, M. R., Omid, A., Scheidt, C. S., Givehki, R., & Mohammadian, R. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychosomatic symptoms and mindfulness in patients with psychosomatic disorder. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 7(2), 79-86
DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.7.2.79
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Weight Loss. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Dashte Bozorgi, Z., & Homaei, R. (2019). Effect of acceptance and commitment intervention on eating behaviors of obese female students in primary school. Quarterly Journal of Child Mental Health, 6, 42-53.
DOI: 10.29252/jcmh.6.1.5
Full Text: Journal Website [English Abstract Available]
Social Anxiety. ACT Self-Help vs. Waitlist. N=117.
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B., & Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.10.007
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Cognitive Therapy vs. REBT. N=75.
Stefan, S., Cristea, I. A., Tatar, A. S., & David, D. (2019). Cognitive‐behavioral therapy (CBT) for generalized anxiety disorder: Contrasting various CBT approaches in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 75, 1188-1202.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22779
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cognitive flexibility in patients with Thalassemia. ACT vs. wait list. N=60.
Mahmoudi Souran, H., Sanagouyemoharer, G. R., & Shirazi, M. (2019). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy improves psychological flexibility of students with Thalassemia Major: A randomized controlled trial.
Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 7 (2), 107-116.
DOI: 10.32598/jpcp.7.2.107
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=20.
Razavi, S. B., Aboalghasimi, S., Akbari, B., & Nadirinabi, B. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on feeling hope and pain management of women with chronic pain. Journal of Anesthesiology and Pain, 10(1), 36-49.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website [English Abstract Available]
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Jabbarifard, F., Sharifi, T., Solati, K., & Ghazanfari, A. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress, resilience, and the quality of life in thalassemia major patients. Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences Journal, 21(2), 91-97.
DOI: 10.34172/jsums.2019.16
Full Text: Journal Website
Migraine. ACT + Education + Pharmacological vs. Education + Pharmacological. N=24.
Grazzi, L., Bernstein, C., Raggi, A., Sansone E., Grignani E., Searl, M., & Rizzoli, P. (2019). ACT for migraine: Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for high-frequency episodic migraine without aura: Preliminary data of a phase-II, multicentric, randomized, open-label study. Neurological Sciences, 40(Suppl 1), 191-192.
DOI: 10.1007/s10072-019-03802-w
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Insomnia. ACT (online) vs. Waitlist. N=83.
Lappalainen, P., Langrial, S., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Muotka, J., Lappalainen, R. (2019). ACT for sleep - Internet-delivered self-help ACT for sub-clinical and clinical insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 119-127.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.04.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. Acceptance and Commitment Training vs. Waitlist. N=85.
Dereix-Calonge, I., Ruiz, F. J., Sierra, M. A., Peña-Vargus, A., & Ramírez, E. (2019). Acceptance and commitment training focused on repetitive negative thinking for clinical psychology trainees: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 81-88.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.005
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=18.
Hahs, A. D., Dixon. M. R., & Paliliunas, D. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of a brief acceptance and commitment training for parents of individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 154-159.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. Simple Matrix App vs. Complex Matrix App. N=98.
Krafft, J., Potts, S., Schoendorff, B., & Levin, M.E. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of multiple versions of an acceptance and commitment therapy matrix app for well-being. Behavior Modification, 43, 246-272.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445517748561
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. CBT-ACT vs. Waitlist. N=28.
Wells‐Di Gregorio, S. M., Marks, D. R., DeCola, J., Peng, J., Probst, D., Zaleta, A., Benson, D., Cohn, D. E., Lustberg, M., Carson, W. E., & Magalang, U. (2019). Pilot randomized controlled trial of a symptom cluster intervention in advanced cancer. Psycho‐Oncology, 28(1), 76-84.
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4912
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress and resilience in employees. Acceptance & Commitment Training vs. Control. N=30.
Zarinfar, E., Balooti, A., Mirzavandi, J. (2019). Effect of training based on acceptance and commitment on flexibility, perceived stress and resilience of female employees of hospital. Iranian Journal of Rehabilitation Research in Nursing, 5(4), 1-7.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website (English Abstract Available)
Obesity. Acceptance-based Program vs. Self-Help. N=53.
Carels, R. A., Miller, J. C., Selensky, J. C., Hlavka, R., Solar, C., Rossi, J., & Ellis, J. (2019). Using an acceptance-based behavioral approach as a supplement to obesity treatment: A stepped-care approach. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 98-105.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.03.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT + Medication vs. Medication. N=24.
Sahebari, M., Asghari Ebrahimabad, M. J., Ahmadi, A., Aghamohamadian, H. R., & Khodashahi, M. (2019). Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing disappointment, psychological distress, and psychasthenia among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 14(2), 130-136.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=24.
Fayazbakhsh, E., & Mansouri, A. (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on intolerance of uncertainty, experiential avoidance, and symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder in individuals with Type II diabetes. International Archives of Health Sciences, 6(1), 30-35.
DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_52_18
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Medical TAU. N=26.
Arnout, B. I. (2019). The effectiveness of a brief program based on acceptance and commitment therapy to increase psychological well-being in a sample of patients with renal failure. Journal of Educational and Psychological Sciences, 3(5), 141-158.
DOI: 10.26389/AJSRP.B071118
Asthma. ACT Group + Asthma Education vs. Asthma Education + Phone Follow-up. N=168.
Chong, Y. Y., Mak, Y. W., Leung, S. P., Lam, S. Y., & Loke, A. Y. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for parental management of childhood asthma: An RCT. Pediatrics, 143(2), e20181723.
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2018-1723
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Workplace Absence. ACT vs. Workplace Dialogue Intervention (WDI) vs. ACT + WDI vs. TAU. N=352.
Finnes, A., Ghaderi, A., Dahl, J., Nager, A., & Enebrink, P. (2019). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and a workplace intervention for sickness absence due to mental disorders. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 24, 198-212.
DOI: 10.1037/ocp0000097
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Economic evaluation
Finnes, A., Enebrink, P., Sampaio, F., Sorjonen, K., Dahl, J., Ghaderi, A., Nager, A., & Feldman, I. (2019). Cost-effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and a workplace intervention for employees on sickness absence due to mental disorders. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 59, 1211-1220.
DOI: 10.1097/JOM.0000000000001156 (not counted separately from the study above)
Economic evaluation
Finnes, A., Hoch, J.S., Enebrink, P., Dahl, J.A., Ghaderi, A., Nager, A., & Feldman, I. (2022). Economic evaluation of return-to-work interventions for mental disorder-related sickness absence: two years follow-up of a randomized clinical trial. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 48(4), 264-272.
DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.4012 (not counted separately from the study above)
Skill Coaching. ACT Smartphone App vs. ACT Smartphone App + EMA Coaching. N=69.
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., & Cruz, R. A. (2019). Tailoring acceptance and commitment therapy skill coaching in the moment through smartphones: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 10, 689-699.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1004-2
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Somatic Syndromes. ACT Group vs. Brief ACT Group vs. Enhanced Care. N=180.
Pedersen, H. F., Agger, J. L., Frosthom, L., Jensen, J. S., Ørnbøl, E., Fink, P., & Schröder, A. (2019). Acceptance and commitment group therapy for patients with multiple functional somatic syndromes: a three-armed trial comparing ACT in a brief and extended version with enhanced care. Psychological Medicine, 49, 1005-1014.
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291718001666
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stroke. ACT group vs. TAU group. N=53.
Majumdar, S., & Morris, R. (2019). Brief group‐based acceptance and commitment therapy for stroke survivors. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 70-90.
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12198
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress. ACT vs. Talking control. N=42.
Puolakanaho, A., Lappalainen, R., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J. S., Hirvonen, R., Eklund, K. M., Ahonen, T. P. S., & Kiuru, N. (2019). Reducing stress and enhancing academic buoyancy among adolescents using a brief web-based program based on acceptance and commitment therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 287-305.
DOI: 10.1007/s10964-018-0973-8
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. Talking control. N=42.
Serfaty, M., Armstrong, M., Vickerstaff, V., Davis, S., Gola, A., McNamee, P., Omar, R.Z., King, M., Tookman, A., Jones, L., Low, J.T.S. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with advanced cancer (CanACT): A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Psycho-Oncology, 28, 488-496.
DOI: 10.1002/pon.4960
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Inflammatory Bowel Disease. ACT vs. TAU. N=79.
Wynne, B., McHugh, L., Gao, W., Keegan, D., Byrne, K., Rowan, C., Hartery, K., Kirschbaum, C., Doherty, G., Cullen, G., Dooley, B., & Mulcahy, H. E. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy reduces psychological stress in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. Gastroenterology, 156, 935-945.e1.
DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2018.11.030
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Suicide Prevention. ACT-based training vs. Waitlist. N=72.
Bazley, R. C., & Pakenham, K. I. (2019). Suicide prevention training for Christian faith-based organizations using acceptance and commitment therapy: a pilot controlled trial of the HOLLY program. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 11, 6-14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Irritable Bowel Syndrome. ACT matrix group therapy vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Mirsharifa, S. M., Mirzaian, B., & Dousti, Y. (2019). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) matrix on depression and psychological capital of the patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7, 70-79.
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.076
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=60.
Bahreini, Z., & Sanagouye-Moharer, G. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Well-being and Resiliency of Abandoned Adolescents. Community Health (Salāmat-i ijtimāī), 6(1), 70-79.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v6i1.20881
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Pain. Physiotherapy Informed ACT vs. Physiotherapy. N=219.
Critchley, D., McCracken, L., Wileman, Galea Holmes, M., Norton, S. & Godfrey, E. (2019). Physiotherapy informed by acceptance and commitment therapy (PACT) for people with chronic low back pain: A randomised controlled trial. Physiotherapy, 105(Supplement 1), e34-e35.
DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.279
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Psychosis. ACT Group vs. Waitlist. N=50.
Spidel, A., Daigneault, I., Kealy, D. & Lecomte, T. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis and trauma: Investigating links between trauma severity, attachment and outcome. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 47, 230-243.
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465818000413
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Body image and self-esteem post operative colon cancer. ACT vs Control. N=75.
Tan, X., Zuo, M., Wei, J., & Li, F., (2019). Influence of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Physical Disorder and Self-esteem of Patients with Enterostomy. Journal of Clinical Medical Literature, 90, 123-126.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Social anxiety. ACT vs Control. N=24.
Wu, S., Hu, M., Chen, Y., Wang, J., & He, H. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety of undergraduate students. Sichuan Mental Health, 5, 445-448.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Illness cognition, QoL, Psychological flexibility. Group ACT vs Control. N=84.
Han, J, Liu, J., Su, Y.L., & Qiu, H. (2019). Effect of a group-based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) intervention on illness cognition in breast cancer patients. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14(10), 73-81.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.09.003
Social phobia. ACT vs. placebo training on leadership styles. N = 104.
Babalola, S., & Ogunyemi, A. (2019). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Annual Journal of the Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria, 3(2), 54-61.
DOI: 10.29114/ajtuv.vol3.iss2.136
Social anxiety of female dormitory residents. ACT (5 sessions) vs psychoeducation. N=71.
Toghiani, Z., Ghasemi, F., & Samouei, R. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on social anxiety in female dormitory residents in Isfahan university of medical sciences. The journal of Education and Health Promotion (J Edu Health Promot), 8(41), 41-46.
DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_111_18
Retrieved from: https://www.jehp.net/text.asp?2019/8/1/41/252321
Self-Differentiation and Mental Health of Veterans’ Children. ACT (8 sessions) vs psychoeducation. N=60. .
FakouriJoybari, Z., Hasanzadeh, R., & Abbasi, GH. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Self- Differentiation and Mental Health Among Veterans' Children. The Journal of Community Health, 6(3), 314-326.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v6i3.24470
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/24470/17138
Severity of pain and health-related quality of life of migraine patients. ACT vs Mindfulness based stress reduction therapy (15 sessions) vs TAU. N=45.
Haji Seyed Javadi, T., Aghareb Parast, N., Shahsavani, S., Chehraghi, M. J., Razavi, L., Rahmani, S., & Nejati, S. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Group Therapy with ACT on Severity of Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Migraine. The International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 6(3), 111-117.
DOI: 10.15171/icnj.2019.21
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/25636
Body Dysmorphic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Sadri Damirch, E., Esmaeili Ghazivaoloii, F., Fathi, D., Mehraban, S., & Ahmadboukani, S. (2019). Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy Based on Admission and Commitment to Body Dysmorphic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Women with Breast Cancer. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 17(4), 351-358.
DOI: 10.32598/irj.17.4.351
Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.html
Mothers ́ Self- Efficacy Regarding Children ́ Externalizing Behavior Problems. ACT (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Azimifar, S., Jazayeri, R., Fatehizade, M., Abedi, A. (2019). Studying the effects of parenting ACT on mothers ́ self- efficacy regarding children ́ externalizing behavior problems. The Journal of Family Research, 14(3), 443-457.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97681_74d9832d3ddde21f4dff9c1ed7238714.pdf?lang=en
Quality of Life and Existential Anxiety on Elders. ACT (10 sessions) vs Narrative Therapy vs TAU. N=30.
Abdollahpour, M., Hafezi, F., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Naderi, F., & Pasha, R. (2019). Comparing the Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy and ACT, in Quality of Life and Existential Anxiety on Elders. The Journal of Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 10(3), 133-146.
DOI: 10.22059/JAPR.2019.279683.643240
Retrieved from: https://japr.ut.ac.ir/article_73874_135992f0d3b57bd765fd114964c8e435.pdf?lang=en
Pain Severity, Perceived Stress, and Aggression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=60.
Khalifeh Soltani, FAS., & Borhani, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Pain Severity, Perceived Stress, and Aggression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(1), 35-41.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v6i1.148
Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/148/136
Irrational Beliefs of Medical Students. ACT vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (8 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=45.
Fasihi, R., Asadi, J., Hassanzadeh, R., & Derakhshanpour, F. (2019). Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and ACT on Irrational Beliefs of Medical Students. The Journal of Gorgan Univ Med Sci, 20(4), 61-68.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3469-en.html
Social Support Perception and Body Dissatisfaction in the Elderly. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=40.
Abdolazimi, M., & Niknam, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Social Support Perception and Body Dissatisfaction in the Elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(1), 13-25.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1124_a846a8bd6c2444781aada2551292af97.pdf?lang=en
Affective Capital of Adolescent Boys with Sexual Abuse. ACT+Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) vs parent management training (PMT) (10 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=45.
Golparvar, M., & Akbari, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Integrative Acceptance Commitment-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ACT-CBT) and Parent Management Training (PMT) on the Affective Capital of Adolescent Boys with Sexual Abuse. The Journal of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 10(39), 71-98.
DOI: 10.22054/QCCPC.2019.41608.2133
Retrieved from: https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_10128_682b022a35e115e021cb7f14cbd8f811.pdf?lang=en
Psychological Flexibility among Mothers with Autistic Children. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Zare Bidaki, z., & Jahangiri, M. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility among Mothers with Autistic Children. Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ), 21(7), 39-47.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5754-en.pdf
Unconditional Self-Acceptance and Pain Anxiety among Patients with Breast Cancer. ACT vs Solution Focused Brief Therapy (9 sessions each) vs TAU. N=90.
Baghernezhad, O., Hasanzadeh, R., & Abbasi, G. (2019). Comparing the Efficacy of ACT and Solution Focused Brief Therapy on Unconditional Self- Acceptance and Pain Anxiety among Patients with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Community Health, 6(3), 253-263.
DOI: 10.32598/ajnpp.4.3.320
Retrieved from: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-151-en.pdf
Improvement of Quality of life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=26.
Barooti, M., Soleimanian, A., & Mohamadzade Ebrahimi, A. (2019). The Effect of ACT on Improvement of Quality of life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Health Education and health promotion, 7(3), 349-359.
DOI: 10.29252/ijhehp.7.3.349
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=769314
Decreasing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Hearing-Impaired or Deaf Children. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=32.
Gharashi, K., Moheb, N., & Abdi, R. (2019). Effects of ACT on Decreasing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Hearing-Impaired or Deaf Children. The Journal of Aud Vestib Res, 28(2), 116-123.
DOI: 10.18502/avr.v28i4.1462
Retrieved from: https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/805/349
Death Anxiety in Women with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Safari Mousavi, SS., Ghazanfari, F., Mirderikvandi, F. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Death Anxiety in Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Khorramabad. The Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 7(4), 234-241.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jcnm.skums.ac.ir/article-1-650-en.html and https://doaj.org/article/a1f6369c67554208be98c27e3fb20a66
Improving Quality of Life and Increasing Happiness of Female Teachers. ACT vs Therapy based on Improving Quality of Life (QOLT) (8 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=45.
Elahifar, H., Ghamari, M., & Zahrakar, K. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness Between Treatment Based on Improving Quality of Life and ACT on Increasing Happiness of Female Teachers. The Journal of Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 13(1), 141-162.
DOI: 10.29252/APSY .13.1.141
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97097_a955b0240e440284972152b3bd71833d.pdf?lang=en
Work-Family Conflict & Psychological Well-Being of Married Female Staffs. ACT (9 sessions) vs Reality Therapy (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=45.
Hajikaram, A., Ghamari, M., & Amirimajd, M. (2019). Comparison Between the Effects of Group Based ACT and Group Based Reality Therapy on Work-Family Conflict & Psychological Well-Being of Married Female Staffs. The Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (SJKU), 24(3), 20-33.
DOI: 10.29252/sjku.24.3.20
Retrieved from: http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4953-en.pdf
Psychological Well-Being and Optimism of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). ACT (9 sessions) vs TAU. N=60.
Kamalinejad, F., & Amiri, A. (2019). The Efficacy of ACT on Psychological Well- Being and Optimism of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(2), 97-103.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v6i2.162
Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/162/144
Marital Conflicts of Coronary Artery Bypass Patients. ACT (12 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Khaneiee, D., Jazayeri, R., Bahrami, F., Etemadi, O., & Montazeri, N. (2019). Investigating the Effectiveness of ACT on Marital Conflicts of Coronary Artery Bypass Patients. The Journal of Clinical psychology studies, 9(33), 91-103.
DOI: 10.22054/JCPS.2019.36697.2012
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=742929
Psychological Well-Being, Quality of Life and Depression in Patients with Epilepsy. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=20.
Ebrahimpour, G., Mirzaian, B., & Hasanzadeh, R. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Well-Being, Quality of Life and Depression in Patients with Epilepsy. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 27(2), 1262-1279.
DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v27i2.1046
Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4800-en.pdf
Marital Satisfaction, Sexual Self-Esteem and Burnout among Women with Type 2 Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Asadpour, E., & Veisi, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Marital Satisfaction, Sexual Self-Esteem and Burnout Martial among Women with Type 2 Diabetes. The Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ), 21(7), 8-17.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5710-en.pdf
Cognitive Fusion, Symptoms of Anxiety, and Quality of Life in the Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs psychoeducation. N=50.
Keyhani, A., Rasuli-Azad, M., Moghadasi, AN., & Omidi, A. (2019). The Effect of ACT on Cognitive Fusion, Symptoms of Anxiety, and Quality of Life in the Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Feyz, 23(4), 380-388.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3794-en.html
Reduction of Perceived Stress in the Elderly Afflicted by Chronic Pain. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=24.
Hadi toroghi, H., Masoudi, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on the Reduction of Perceived Stress in the Elderly Afflicted by Chronic Pain. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(1), 1-11.
DOI: 10.22126/jap.2019.1123
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1123_0dd5657cfde61e884eaf302b5b0fb7f6.pdf?lang=en
Severity and Duration of Pain and Quality of Life among Women with Chronic Psychosomatic Low Back Pain. ACT (8 sessions) vs Biofeedback (12 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Mousavi, SM., Shabahang, R., Khodadadi Hassankiadeh, N. (2019). The Effects of ACT and Biofeedback on Chronic Psychosomatic Low Back Pain. The Caspian Journal of Neurol Science, 5(3), 118-126.
DOI: 10.32598/CJNS.5.18.118
Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html
Quality of Life in Cancer Patients. ACT+ Hope Therapy (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Roientan, S., Azadi, S., Afshin, H., & Amini, N. (2019). The Effectiveness of Combined Therapy Based on Acceptance Commitment and Hope Therapy on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients in Yasuj. The Journal of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 10(38), 221-242.
DOI: 10.22054/QCCPC.2019.38404.2043
Retrieved from: https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_9692_eba020852dad04d532b71656c97f17cd.pdf?lang=en
Conflict Resolution Styles of Incompatible Marital Women. ACT (12 sessions) vs no treatment. N=24.
Farahanifar, M., Heidari, H., Davodi, H., & Aleyasin, SA. (2019). The effect of ACT on the Conflict Resolution Styles of Incompatible Marital Women. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(6), 101-7.
DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_8_19
Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2019/6/2/101/259335
Resilience in Women with Marital Problems. ACT (10 sessions) vs Marital Amateur Therapy (7 sessions) vs waitlist. N=45.
Nikoogoftar, M., & Sangani, A. (2019). Comparing the Effectiveness of ACT and Imago therapy on Resilience in Women with Marital Problems. The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 9(34), 227-246.
DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2019.39031.2068
Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_9894_ff1b7fc271357e08a73bcfd1987c6887.pdf?lang=en
Resilience, Meaning in Life, and Family Function in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia. ACT (8 sessions) vs psychoeducation. N=30.
Moghbel Esfahani, S., & Haghayegh, SA. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Resilience, Meaning in Life, and Family Function in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 25(4), 298-311.
DOI: 10.32598/hms.25.4.298
Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3054-en.html
Improving of Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility in Anxious Students. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Zare, H., & baradaran, M. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT in Improving of Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility in Anxious Students. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(4), 491-511.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97162_968e2e01c3e8dcd3cf76a98d7ae77e5a.pdf?lang=en
Weight Loss and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Obese Individuals. ACT (10 sessions) vs no treatment. N=29.
Yaraghchi, A., Jomehri, F., Seyrafi, M., Kraskian Mujembari, A., & Mohammadi Farsani, G. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Weight Loss and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Obese Individuals. The Iran Journal of Health Education Health Promot, 7(2), 192-201.
DOI: 10.30699/ijhehp.7.2.192
Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1125-en.html
Psychological flexibility and respiratory function in COPD. ACT vs. TAU. N=120.
Fang, S., Tan, L., Yao, J., Zhu, Y., Zhang, L., & Ni, F. (2019). Application of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Modern Medical Journal, 7, 769-772.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=TDYX201907002&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2019&v=
Depression in new mothers. ACT + paroxetine vs. paroxetine alone. N=92.
Huang, C., Li, J., Lu, H., Hu, C., & Chen, J. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy combined with paroxetine in the treatment of postpartum depression after painless delivery: A clinical study. Academic Journal of Guangzhou Medical University, 2, 74-76.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=GZXI201902021&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2019&v=
Emotion regulation in bipolar disorder. Group ACT vs. control. N=60.
Li, M., Shi, J., Feng, G., Shi, Y., Sun, L., Li, L., & Wang, B. (2019). The intervention of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for emotion regulation of patients with bipolar disorder (BD). World Latest Medicine Information, 26, 23-24+27.
DOI: 10.19613/j.cnki.1671-3141.2019.26.011
Death Anxiety of Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs spirituality therapy (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=24.
Zamanian, S., Danesh, E., Bolhari, J., Ahadi, H., & Ghahari, S. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Spiritual Therapy on the Death Anxiety of Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 5(1), 48-61.
DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v5i1.24189
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/24189/18960
Anxiety, emotional regulation, and self-efficacy in socially anxious women. CBT vs. ACT. vs. no treatment. N = 45.
Doroudian, N., Madahi, M. I., & Khalatbari, J. (2019). A Comparison of the Impact of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Emotional Regulation and Self-Efficacy of Women with Social Anxiety. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 13(44), 89-108.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://cwfs.ihu.ac.ir/article_203718.html
Stigma and self-efficacy in schizophrenia. ACT group vs. routine psychological intervention. N=61.
Li, L., Shi, J., Jia, Y., Ren, Z., Cao, Q., Wang, L., Li, M., & Wang, B. (2019). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on stigma and self-efficacy in patients with schizophrenia during rehabilitation. World Latest Medicine Information, 20, 57-58.
DOI: 10.19613/j.cnki.1671-3141.2019.20.025
2018 (n = 113)
Smoking. ACT Online vs. National Cancer Institute Website. N=2,637.
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., McClure, J. B., Watson, N. L., & Heffner, J. L. (2018). Improving quit rates of web-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: Full scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov. Addiction, 113, 914-923.
DOI: 10.1111/add.14127
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Santiago-Torres, M., Kwon, D. M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Ahluwalia, J. S., Alexander, A. C., Nollen, N. L., & Bricker, J. B. (2022). Efficacy of Web-Delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Helping Black Adults Quit Smoking. Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities.
DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01458-5 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Kwon, D. M., Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., Zvolensky, M. J., & Bricker, J. B. (2022). Web-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation: Is it engaging and efficacious for US Hispanic/Latinx adult smokers?. Preventive medicine reports, 29, 101952.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101952 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Kwon, D.M., Santiago-Torres, M., Mull, K.E., Sullivan, B.M., & Bricker, J.B. (2022). Older adults who smoke: Do they engage with and benefit from web-based smoking cessation interventions? Preventive Medicine, 161, 107118.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107118 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Heffner, J. L., Mull, K. E., Watson, N. L., McClure, J. B., & Bricker, J. B. (2020). Long-Term Smoking Cessation Outcomes for Sexual Minority Versus Nonminority Smokers in a Large Randomized Controlled Trial of Two Web-Based Interventions. Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco, 22(9), 1596–1604.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz112 (not counted separately from the study above)
Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT vs. Waitlist. N=193.
Hancock, K. M., Swain, J., Hainsworth, C. J., Dixon, A. L., Koo, S., & Munro, K. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy for children with anxiety: Outcomes of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47, 296-311.
DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1110822
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking behavior. Defusion vs. acceptance vs. no treatment. N=54.
Hooper, N., Dack, C., Karekla, M., Niyazi, A. & McHugh, L. (2018). Cognitive defusion versus experiential avoidance in the reduction of smoking behaviour: an experimental and preliminary investigation. Addiction Research & Theory, 26(5), 414-420.
DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2018.1434156
Mental health of university students. ACT vs. routine teaching. N=219.
Xu, S., Li, J., Fan, W., & Zhang, J. (2018). Effect of Acceptance & Commitment Therapy on the mental health of the PE university students. Sport Science Research, 3, 92-98+104.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=TYKA201803013&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2018&v=
Well-being in women with multiple sclerosis. Mindfulness-based CBT vs. ACT vs. control. N=45.
Montazeri, S., Aghaei Jashoghani, A., & Golparvar, M. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Management Based on Mindfulness and Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Psychological Well-being in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Sadra Medical Journal, 7(1), 59-74.
DOI: 10.30476/smsj.2018.44755
Post-operative resilience in stomach cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N=92.
Wu X., & Min, B. (2018). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on patients receiving chemotherapy after radical operation for stomach cancer. Modern Nursing, 24(29), 3570-3573.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Test anxiety and academic buoyancy in high school students. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Abdali, A., Golmohammadin, M., & Rashidi, A. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on test anxiety and academic buoyancy of secondary high school female students. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, 25(4), 573-580.
Full Text: Journal Website
Anxiety and interpersonal problems. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Hajazi, F. A., & Nameghi, A. N. (2018). The effect of group training based on acceptance and commitment on reducing anxiety and interpersonal problems in obese women. Journal of Research and Health, 8(6), 522-530.
DOI: 10.29252/jrh.8.6.522.
Full Text: Journal Website
Perfectionism and depression in college students. ACT vs. control. N=22.
Oh, J. E., & Son, C. N. (2018). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on evaluative concerns perfectionism, self-criticism, dichotomous thinking, and depression in university students with evaluative concerns perfectionism and depression. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(4), 343-354.
DOI: No DOI
Text: policy.or.kr
Free throw shooting. ACT+mindfulness vs. no treatment. N = 40.
Shi, Y., Luo, Z., & Hong, X.-B. (2018). Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach (MAC) in Chinese Basketball Training for Improving Performance of Free Throw Rate. Hubei Sports Science, 03, 219-222.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&dbname=CJFDLAST2018&filename=HYKJ201803009&v
Rumination and well-being. ACT vs Control Group N=40.
Demehri, F., Saeedmanesh, M., & Jala, N. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on rumination and well-being in adolescents with general anxiety disorder. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 8, 25.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
General anxiety disorder. ACT vs. functional Analytic psychotherapy vs. control group. N=36.
Foroutan, S., Heidari, A., Asgari, P., Naderi, F., & Ebrahimi Moghaddam, H. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy on improvement of symptoms of patients with general anxiety disorder. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 8, 74.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-892-en.html
Career Preparation Behavior for Soldiers. Program based on ACT vs. No Treatment. N=24.
Jongin Baek & Seo Hye Seok. (2018). The Development and Effects of Group Counseling Program to Promote the Career Preparation Behavior Based on Acceptance-Commitment Therapy for Soldiers. Korean Military Social Welfare, 11(1), 85-123.
DOI: No DOI
Full text: dbpia.co.kr
Mental health of military personnel. ACT vs. no treatment. N=60.
Yazarloo, M., Kalantari, M., & Mehrabi, H. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Military Personnel Mental Health. Journal of Police Medicine, 7(1), 13-17.
DOI: 10.30505/7.1.13
Full Text: Journal Website jpmed.ir/article-1-533-en.html
Return to work for pts with mental illness or chronic pain. Multidisciplinary team management, ACT, or control. N=427.
Berglund, E., Anderzén, I., Andersén, Å., Carlsson, L., Gustavsson, C., Wallman, T., & Lytsy, P. (2018). Multidisciplinary Intervention and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Return-to-Work and Increased Employability among Patients with Mental Illness and/or Chronic Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15(11), 2424.
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112424
Well being in chronic schizophrenia. ACT vs. treatment as usual. N=60.
Baveja, D. (2018). Impact of Brief Protocol Based on Principles of ACT on Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia. International Journal of Research in Engineering, IT and Social Sciences, 8(6) 220-228.
Full Text: indusedu.org
Chronic pain. iACT + medical pain management vs. medical pain management. N=63.
Scott, W., Chilcot, J., Guildford, B., Daly-Eichenhardt, A. & McCracken, L. (2018). Feasibility randomized-controlled trial of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with complex chronic pain in the United Kingdom. European Journal of Pain, 22, 1473-1484.
DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1236
Complex PTSD symptoms and post-traumatic growth. ACT vs. no treatment. N=14.
You, S., Son, C. (2018). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Complex PTSD Symptoms, Acceptance, and Post-traumatic Growth of College Students with Childhood Emotional Abuse. Journal of Digital Convergence, 16(3), 561 572.
DOI: 14400/JDC.2018.16.3.561
Headache related disability. ACT vs. TAU. N=40.
Khazraee, H., Omidi, A., Kakhki, R.D., Zanjani, Z., & Sehat, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in cognitive emotion regulation strategies, headache-related disability, and headache intensity in patients with chronic daily headache. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal, 20(S1).
DOI:10.5812/ircmj.57151
Full Text: archive.ircmj.com
Symptoms in persons with psychosis and history of trauma. ACT vs. TAU. N=50.
Spidel, A., Lecomte, T., Kealy, D., & Daigneault, I. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis and trauma: Improvement in psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation, and treatment compliance following a brief group intervention. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 91, 248-261.
DOI: 10.1111/papt.12159
Marital satisfaction. ACT vs no treatment. N=30.
Moradzadeh, F., Pirkhaefi, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Cognitive Flexibility among Married Employees of the Welfare Office. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 5(6).
DOI: 10.21859/ijpn-05061
Depression in college students. ACT vs. Behavioral Activation vs. no treatment. N=45.
Khaledinia, A., Makvandi, B., Asgari, P., & Pasha, R. (2018). Comparative effect of behavioral activation treatment for depression and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy matrix on the depression of college students. Avicenna Journal of Neuropsychophysiology, 5(2), 63-72.
DOI:10.32598/ajnpp.5.2.63
Distress and aggression in methamphetamine induced psychosis. ACT vs. treatment as usual. N=30.
Ghouchani, S., Molavi, N., Massah, O., Sadeghi, M., Mousavi, S. H., Noroozi, M., Sabri, A. & Farhoudian, A. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on aggression of patients with psychosis due to methamphetamine use: A pilot study. Journal of Substance Use, 23(4), 402-407.
DOI: 10.1080/14659891.2018.1436602
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Values-oriented behavior. N=314.
Engle, J.L., Follette, & V.M. (2018). An experimental comparison of two Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) values exercises to increase values-oriented behavior. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 31-40.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress/Burnout. ACT vs Control. N=60.
Habibian Z, Sadri Z, & Nazmiyeh H. (2018). Effects of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy -Based Training on Job Stress and Burnout among Pediatric Oncology and Special Diseases Nurses. Iran J Ped Hematol Oncol, 8 (2) :118-125.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available through Journal
Depression. Online acceptance-based behavioral (ABBT) program vs. wait list. N=103.
Sagon, A.L., Danitz, S.B., Suvak, M.K., Orsillo, S.M. (2018). The Mindful Way through the Semester: Evaluating the feasibility of delivering an acceptance-based behavioral program online. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 36-44.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.06.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Mental health and performance in athletes. Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment (MAC) session vs. Psychological Skills Training (PST). N=18.
Gross, M., Moore, Z.E., Gardner, F.L., Wolanin, A.T., Pess, R., & Marks, D.R. (2018). An empirical examination comparing the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment approach and Psychological Skills Training for the mental health and sport performance of female student athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(4), 431-451.
DOI: 10.1080/1612197X.2016.1250802
Depression. ACT group therapy vs. CBT + Interpersonal Psychotherapy group therapy. N=67.
Pleger, M., Treppner, K., Diefenbacher, A., Schade, C., Dambacher, C. & Fydrich, T. (2018). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy compared to CBT+: Preliminary results. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 32(4), 166-173.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpsy.2018.03.003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Marital Relationship. ACT group therapy vs. Logotherapy group. N=50.
Amidisimakani, R., Najarpourian, S., & Samavi, S. A. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on boredom and marital commitment in married women. Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 7(2), 55-68.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT group therapy vs. Logotherapy group. N=30.
Azimi, A., Hoseini, S. M., Najafi, M. & Rafieenia, P. (2018). A comparative study on effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and logotherapy on symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress of women suffering relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled trial study.Koomesh, 20(4), 612-619.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available [Article in Persian]
Procrastination. ACT group therapy vs. Control. N=33.
Heshmati Joda, A., Saed, O., Mohammadi Baytamar, J., Zenoozian, S., & Yusefi, F. (2018). The efficacy of group acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing academic procrastination and improving difficulty in emotion regulation: A randomized clinical trial. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 23(5), 65-77.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Depression. ACT vs. Control. N=30.
Rasooli Ali Abadi, R., & Kalantari, M. (2018). Based on acceptance and commitment therapy on depression, self-esteem and body image concerns, after the first birth, women in Kashan city. Scientific Journal of Hamadan Nursing & Midwifery Faculty, 26(2), 103-112.
DOI: 10.30699/sjhnmf.26.2.103
Full Text: English Abstract Available Through DOI
Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Control. N=34.
Gharraee, B., Tajrishi, K. Z., Farani, A. R., Bolhari, J., & Farahani, H. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety disorder. International Journal of Life science and Pharma Research, 8(4), 1-9.
DOI: 10.22376/ijpbs/lpr.2018.8.4.L1-9
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Substance Abuse. ACT group therapy vs. Control. N=30.
Hemmat, A., Mohammadi Bytamar, J., Pirzeh, R., & Dadashi, M. (2018). The effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment to reduce obsessive-compulsive use of substance, anxiety and depression of addicts under methadone treatment. Journal Of Zanjan University Of Medical Sciences And Health Services, 117, 109-125.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available [Article in Persian]
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. DBT vs. Control. N=60.
Amirian, K., Mami, S. H., & Ahmadi, V. (2018). Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT) on behavioral inhibition and behavioral activation on men with substance abuse. Community Health Journal, 11(3-4), 86-95.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. Control. N=32.
Esmaeili, L., Amiri, S., Abedi, M. R., & Molavi, H. (2018). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy focused on self-compassion on social anxiety of adolescent girls. Quarterly Clinical Psychology Studies, 8, 139-156.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Anxiety / Depression. ACT vs. CBT vs. Control. N=45.
Karami, A., Omrani, R., & Danaei, N. (2018). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depression in premature infants mothers. Quarterly Clinical Psychology Studies, 8, 139-156.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Mother-Child Relationship. ACT-based Parent Training vs. Parent Management Training. N=45.
Azimifar, SH., Jazayeri, R. S., Fatehizadeh, M. S., & Abedi, A. (2018). The comparing the effects of parent management training and acceptance and commitment based parenting training on mother-child relationships among mothers who have children with externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Counseling & Psychotherapy, 7(2), 99-122.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: English Abstract Available
Depression. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=115.
Kyllönen, H. M., Muotka, J., Puolakanaho, A., Astikainen, P., Keinonen, K., & Lappalainen, R. (2018). A brief acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for depression: A randomized controlled trial with 3-year follow-up for the intervention group. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 55-63.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.009
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy Online vs. Waitlist. N=156.
Eustis, E. H., Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2018). Surviving and thriving during stress: A randomized clinical trial comparing a brief web-based therapist assisted acceptance-based behavioral intervention versus waitlist control for college students. Behavior Therapy, 49, 889-903.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.009
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Study Skills. N=34
Paliliunas, D., Belisle, J., & Dixon, M. R. (2018). A randomized control trial to evaluate the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to increase academic performance and psychological flexibility in graduate students. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 11, 241-253.
DOI: 10.1007/s40617-018-0252-x
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. ACT Workshop vs. Electrical Stimulation. N=88.
Asgari, M., Falehkar, A., Zarei, A., Mirzahoseini, F., & Amani, O. (2018). Comparison of the efficacy of acceptance commitment therapy and electrical stimulation with alternating current on mood symptoms in depressed patients. Iranian Journal of Nursing Research, 13(4).
DOI: DOI Error
Full Text: Journal Website [Article Not in English]
Substance Use Disorders. ACT group therapy vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Amirian, K., Mami, S., Ahmadi, V., & Mohamadzadeh, J. (2018). Effectiveness of group psychotherapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy on difficulties emotion regulation and distress tolerance in substance abusers. Journal of Education and Community Health, 5(2), 56-63.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Cancer. ACT + forgiveness vs. Waitlist. N=29.
Montazer, A., Salehzadeh, M., & Nasirian, M. (2018). Efficacy and effectiveness of integrating forgiveness into acceptance and commitment therapy for breast cancer patients’ adjustment: A preliminary randomized trial. Mental Disorders Letters, 1, 34-38.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Depression. ACT Workshop vs. TAU. N=88.
Faezipour, M., Ghanbaripanah, A., Seyedalinaghi, S., Hajiabdolbaghi, M., & Voltarelli, F. (2018). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing depression among people living with HIV/AIDS. Journal of International Translational Medicine, 6(3), 125-129.
DOI: 10.11910/2227-6394.2018.06.03.04
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. Health Education. N=52.
Shin, J. S., & Lee, B. K. (2018). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on pain, pain interference, and life satisfaction for the elderly people with chronic pain. Korean Journal of Stress Research, 26,(3), 231-242.
DOI: 10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.3.231
Full Text: Available Through DOI [Manuscript in Korean]
Prevention. ACT Workshop vs. TAU. N=88.
Dindo, L., Zimmerman, M. B., Hadlandsmyth, K., StMarie, B., Embree, J., Marchman, J., Tripp-Reimer, T., & Rakel, B. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for prevention of chronic post-surgical pain and opioid use in at-risk veterans: A pilot randomized controlled study. The Journal of Pain, 19, 1211-1221.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.04.016
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Quality of Life. ACT vs. Compassion Focused Therapy vs. Control. N=45.
Barghandan, S., Akbari, B., Khalatbari, J., & Varaste, A. R. (2018). Comparison of the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and compassion focused therapy on quality of life among female adolescents with high-risk behaviors. Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 26(3), 158-168.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Dental Hygiene. ACT vs. Standard Disease Information. N=135.
Wide, U., Hagman, J., Werner, H., & Hakeberg, M. (2018). Can a brief psychological intervention improve oral health behaviour? A randomised controlled trial. BCM Oral Health, 18(163), 1-8.
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0627-y
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Therapy vs. Waitlist. N=31.
Dehghani, M., Saf, A. D., Vosoughi, A., Tebbenouri, G., & Zarnagh, H. G. (2018). Effectiveness of the mindfulness-acceptance-commitment-based approach on athletic performance and sports competition anxiety: a randomized clinical trial. Electronic Physician, 10(5), 6749-6755.
DOI: 10.19082/6749
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Traditional CBT. N=102.
Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Kaye, J. L., Gershkovich, M., Goetter, E., Yuen, E. K., Glassman, L., Goldstein, S., Hitchcock, P., Tronieri, J. S., Berkowitz, S., & Marando-Blanck, S. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: Symptomatic and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 88-96.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT Self Help + Telephone Support vs. TAU. N=27.
Proctor, B. J., Moghaddam, N. G., Evangelou, N. & das Nair, R. (2018). Telephone-supported acceptance and commitment bibliotherapy for people with multiple sclerosis and psychological distress: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 103-109.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.006
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT + Exposure with Response Prevention vs. Exposure with Response Prevention. N=58.
Twohig, M. P., Abramowitz, J. S., Smith, B. M., Fabricant, L. E., Jacoby, R. J., Morrison, K. L., Bluett, E. J., Reuman, L., Blakey, S. M., & Lederman, T. (2018). Adding acceptance and commitment therapy to exposure and response prevention for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 108, 1-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.06.005
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Parent Training. ACT + Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention vs. Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention. N=43.
Corti, C., Pergolizzi, F., Vanzin, L., Cargasacchi, G., Villa, L., Pozzi, M., & Molteni, M. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy-oriented parent-training for parents of children with autism. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27(9), 2887-2900.
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1123-3
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Suicide. ACT + TAU vs. Relaxation Group + TAU. N=40.
Ducasse, D., Jaussent, I., Arpon-Brand, V., Vienot, M., Laglaoui, C., Béziat, S., Calati, R., Carrière, I., Guillaume, S., Courtet, P., & Olié, E. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the management of suicidal patients: A randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87, 211-222.
DOI: 10.1159/000488715
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Fibromyalgia. ACT Online + TAU vs. TAU. N=67.
Simister, H. D., Tkachuk, G. A., Shay, B. L., Vincent, N., Pear, J. J., & Skrabek, R. Q. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain, 19(7), 741-753.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT + Medication vs. Psychoeducation + Medication vs. Medication. N=75.
Givehki, R., Afshar, H., Goli, F., Scheidt, C. E., Omidi, A., & Davoudi, M. (2018). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on body image flexibility and body awareness in patients with psychosomatic disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Electronic Physician, 10(7), 7008-7016.
DOI: 10.19082/7008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. No intervention. N=30.
Nazari, Z., Ebrahimi, M. E., Naseh, S. A. M., & Sahebi, A. (2018). Investigation of the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on chronic pain in the elderly. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 12(2), S444.
DOI: 10.22377/ajp.v12i02.2374
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=30.
Farsi, M. (2018). A study on the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety in nurses. Global Journal of Multidisciplinary and Applied Sciences, 4, 11-14.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Trichotillomania. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=22.
Lee, E. B., Haeger, J. A., Levin, M. E., Ong, C. W., & Twohig, M. P. (2018). Telepsychotherapy for trichotillomania: A randomized controlled trial of ACT enhanced behavior therapy. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 18, 106-115.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.04.003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Quality of Life. ACT vs. TAU. N=22.
Sarizadeh, M. S., Rafienia, P., Sabahi, P., & Tamaddon, M. R. (2018). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial study. Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 17, 241-252.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. Generalist Psychotherapy. N=60.
Wicaksana, I. G. A. T., Wahju, T., Eko, R., & Yudara, P. (2018). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety levels in elderly living at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Bali. Public Health of Indonesia, 4, 83-90.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. CBT. N=40.
Zoalfaghari, A., Bahrami, H., & Ganji, K. (2018). A comparative analysis of acceptance-commitment and cognitive-behavioral interferences effectiveness on generalized anxiety disorder. Arak Medical University Journal, 20, 24-34.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript not in English]
Depression. ACT vs. CBT. N=82.
A-Tjak, J. G. L., Morina, N., Topper, M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2018). A randomized controlled trial in routine clinical practice comparing acceptance and commitment therapy with cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 87, 154-163.
DOI: 10.1159/000486807
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Mediational Study
A-Tjak, J.G.L., Morina, N., Topper, M. et al. (2021). One year follow-up and mediation in cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for adult depression. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 41.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03020-1 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
A-Tjak, J. G. L., Morina, N., Boendermaker, W. J., Topper, M., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2020). Explicit and implicit attachment and the outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. BMC psychiatry, 20(1), 155.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-02547-7 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. Self-Help+ vs. Enhanced TAU. N=50.
Tol, W. A., Augustinavicius, J., Carswell, K., Leku, M. R., Adaku, A., Brown, F. L., García-Moreno, C., Ventebogel, P., White, R. G., Kogan, C. S., Bryant, R., & Van Ommeren, M. (2018). Feasibility of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. World Psychiatry, 17, 234-235.
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20537
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Lakin, D. P., Cooper, S. E., Andersen, L., Brown, F. L., Augustinavicius, J. L. S., Carswell, K., Leku, M., Adaku, A., Au, T., Bryant, R., Garcia-Moreno, C., White, R. G., & Tol, W. A. (2023). Psychological flexibility in South Sudanese female refugees in Uganda as a mechanism for change within a guided self-help intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(1), 6–13.
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000774 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. ACT Online vs. Waitlist. N=61.
Molander, P., Hesser, H., Weineland, S., Bergwall, K., Buck, S., Malmlöf, J. J., Lantz, H., Lunner, T., & Andersson, G. (2018). Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological distress experienced by people with hearing problems: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 47, 169-184.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2017.1365929
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress / Burnout. ACT Self-help vs. Waitlist. N=119.
Hofer, P. D., Waadt, M., Aschwanden, R., Milidou, M., Acker, J., Meyer, A. H., Lieb R., & Gloster, A. T. (2018). Self-help for stress and burnout without therapist contact: An online randomised controlled trial. Work & Stress, 32, 189-208.
DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1402389
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress. ACT self-help book vs wait list. N=91.
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A.H., Hofer, P., Gloster, A.T. (2018). The link between stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention. (Relación entre estrés, bienestar y flexibilidad psicológica durante una intervención de autoayuda de Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso.) International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18(1), 60-68.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.09.002
Parenting. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=43.
Moyer, D. N., Page, A. R., McMakin, D. Q., Murrell, A. R., Lester, E. G., & Walker, H. A. (2018). The impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on positive parenting strategies among parents who have experienced relationship violence. Journal of Family Violence, 33, 269-279.
DOI: 10.1007/s10896-018-9956-5
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=144.
Grégoire, S., Lachance, L., Bouffard, T., & Dionne, F. (2018). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to promote mental health and school engagement in university students: A multi-site randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 3, 360-372.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.10.003
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression / Anxiety. ACT vs. No treatment. N=30.
Heydari, M., Masafi, S., Jafari, M., Saadat, S. H. & Shahyad, S. (2018). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety and depression of Razi Psychiatric Center staff. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 6, 410-415.
DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2018.064
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Fatigue / Sleep / Cancer. ACT vs. Education. N=47.
Mosher, C. E., Secinti, E., Li, R., Hirsh, A. T., Bricker, J., Miller, K. D., Schneider, B., Storniolo, A. M., Mina, L., Newton, E. V., Champion, V. L., & Johns, S. A. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for symptom interference in metastatic breast cancer patients: A pilot randomized trial. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26, 1993-2004.
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-018-4045-0
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT + SSRI vs. SSRI. N=46.
Rohani, F., Rasouli-Azad, M., Twohig, M. P., Ghoreishi, F. S., Lee, E. B., & Akbari, H. (2018). Preliminary test of group acceptance and commitment therapy on obsessive-compulsive disorder for patients on optimal dose of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 16, 8-13.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2017.10.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Conflict resolution w/ mothers of children w/ learning disabilities. ACT vs. no treatment. N = 22.
Mir Saleh, R. P. Yaser, I., Beigi, M., & Delavari, M. (2018). Evaluating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based intervention on parent-child conflict resolution strategies of mothers of students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities, 7(3), 77-90.
DOI: 10.22098 / jld.2018.628
Cancer. ACT vs. Behavioral Activation vs. Waitlist. N=52.
González-Fernández, S., Fernández-Rodríguez, C., Paz-Caballero, M. D., & Pérez-Álvarez, M. (2018). Treating anxiety and depression of cancer survivors: Behavioral activation versus acceptance and commitment therapy. Psicothema, 30, 14-20.
DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2017.396
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Postpartum Depression. ACT Group vs. No treatment. N=32.
Kazemeyni, M., Bakhtiari, M., & Nouri, M. (2018). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on postpartum depression and psychological flexibility. Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 6(4), 20-31
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jcnm.skums.ac.ir/article-1-691-en.html and https://doaj.org/article/534055b302604adfb72994fd9852dc1d
Work Absence. ACT Outpatient vs. ACT Inpatient + Physical training + Problem-solving. N=168.
Aasdahl, L., Paper, K., Vasseljen, O., Johnsen, R., Gismervik, S., Halsteinli, V., Fleten, N., Nielsen, C. V., & Fimland, M. S. (2018). Effect of inpatient multicomponent occupational rehabilitation versus less comprehensive outpatient rehabilitation on sickness absence in persons with musculoskeletal- or mental health disorders: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 28, 170-179.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9708-z
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Sleep / Pain. ACT Group vs. Exercise vs. Discussion Group. N=299.
Wiklund, T., Linton, S. J., Alföldi, P., & Gerdle, B. (2018). Is sleep disturbance in patients with chronic pain affected by physical exercise or ACT-based stress management? - A randomized controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 19:111.
DOI: 10.1186/s12891-018-2020-z
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Obesity. ACT vs. ACT Mobile vs. No treatment. N=219.
Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Karhunen, L., Sairanen, E., Muotka, J., Lindroos, S., Laitinen, J., Puttoen, S., Peuhkuri, K., Hallikainen, M., Pihlajamäki, J., Korpela, R., Ermes, M., Lappalainen, R., & Kolehmainen, M. (2018). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on eating behavior and diet delivered through face-to-face contact and a mobile app: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15:22.
DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0654-8
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Järvinen, S., Karhunen, L. et al. (2021) Sleep-time physiological recovery is associated with eating habits in distressed working-age Finns with overweight: secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial. J Occup Med Toxicol, 16, 23.
DOI: 10.1186/s12995-021-00310-6 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Puttonen, S., Karhunen, L., Sairanen, E., Laitinen, J., Kolehmainen, M., Pihlajamäki, J., Kujala, U. M., Korpela, R., Ermes, M., Lappalainen, R., & Kolehmainen, M. (2020). The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Intervention on Inflammation and Stress Biomarkers: a Randomized Controlled Trial. International journal of behavioral medicine, 27(5), 539–555.
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-020-09891-8 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Sairanen, E., Tolvanen, A., Karhunen, L., Kolehmainen, M., Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Lindroos, S., … Lappalainen, R. (2017). Psychological flexibility mediates change in intuitive eating regulation in acceptance and commitment therapy interventions. Public Health Nutrition, 20(9), 1681–1691.
DOI: 10.1017/S1368980017000441 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Mattila, E., Lappalainen, R., Välkkynen, P., Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, P., Karhunen, L., Peuhkuri, K., Korpela, R., Kolehmainen, M., & Ermes, M. (2016). Usage and Dose Response of a Mobile Acceptance and Commitment Therapy App: Secondary Analysis of the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 4(3), e90.
DOI: 10.2196/mhealth.5241 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. ACT Workshop vs. Waitlist. N=35.
Waters, C. S., Frude, N., Flaxman, P. E., & Boyd, J. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for clinically distressed health care workers: Waitlist-controlled evaluation of an ACT workshop in a routine practice setting. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 82-98.
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12155
Full Text: Available Through DOI
QoL and resilience in patients undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for thyroid cancer. ACT vs Control. N=90.
Duan, B., He, X., Chen, H., & Yu, M., (2018). Influence of acceptance and commitment therapy on patients undergoing percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for thyroid cancer. Journal of Nursing Science, 16, 77-80.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Mental health in university students. Online ACT intervention compared across 3 delivery modes. N=130.
Viskovich, S., Pakenham, K.I. (2018). Pilot evaluation of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy program to promote mental health skills in university students. J Clin Psychol, 74, 2047–69.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22656
Executive functioning in adolescents. ACT + "mind/brain" principles vs. no treatment. N = 74.
Juthamas Haenjohn, Sasinan Sirithadakunlaph, Warakorn Supwirapakorn (2018). Development of Training Program on Promoting Executive Functions of The Brain in Adolescents. The Journal of The Royal Thai Army Nurses, 19(2), 220-230.
DOI: No DOI
Retrived from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JRTAN/article/view/144008/106542
Family resilience. Schema based couples therapy, ACT, no treatment control. N = 48.
Hemmati, M., Maddahi, M., (2018). Comparison the effectiveness of couple therapy based on schema therapy with couples therapy based on acceptance and commitment therapy on family resiliency of couples. Journal of Woman and Family Studies, 6(2), 145-163.
DOI: 10.22051/jwfs.2017.13919.1361
Tinnitus distress. CBT vs. ACT vs. Coping effectiveness. N = 40.
Martz, E., Chesney, M. A., Livneh, H., Jelleberg, C., Fuller, B., & Henry, J. A. (2018). A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Three Brief Group Interventions for Individuals With Tinnitus. Global Advances in Health and Medicine.
DOI: 10.1177/2164956118783659
Achievement motivation and quality of life of female high school students. ACT (12 sessions) vs no treatment. N=60.
Samadi, ES., Hasanzadeh, R., & Dousti, Y. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on Achievement Motivation and Quality of Life among Female High School Students in Sari. The Journal of Community Health, 5(2), 151-158.
DOI: 10.22037/ch.v5i2.20839
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/20839/15288
Quality of life of patients undergoing methadone maintenance therapy. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=24.
Dehghani, A., Rezaei dehnavi, S. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on Quality of Life among Patients under Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Horizon Med Sci, 24(3), 246-252.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-2855-en.html
Pain control of women with multiple sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=18.
Rezapour, P., Borjali, A., Hatamian, H., Shafaei, F., & Janalipour, K. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT in Pain Control in Multiple Sclerotic Women. Caspian.J.Neurol.Sci, 4(2), 64-70.
DOI: 10.29252/cjns.4.13.64
Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html
Psychological Indices (Stress, Quality of Life, and Coping Strategies) among the Patients with Type II Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=40.
Aghayosefi, A., Alipour, A., Rahimi, M., & Abaspour, P. (2018). Investigation of the Efficacy of ACT on Psychological Indices (Stress, Quality of life, and Coping strategies) among the Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 35(461), 1859-1866.
DOI: 10.22122/jims.v35i461.9219
Retrieved from: http://jims.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jims/article/download/9219/8114
Psychological Well-Being of Transsexual Individuals. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=20.
Pourkazem, M., Fereidani, F., & Eshghi Nogourani, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment to Improving Psychological Well-Being of Transsexual Individuals Esfahan. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(1), 29-41.
DOI: 10.29252/shenakht.5.1.29
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-460-en.pdf
Women’s Marital Disaffection and Marital Quality. ACT (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Nazari, A., Falahzade, H., & Nazarboland, N. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT (ACT) on women’s marital disaffection and marital quality. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 433-452.
DOI: 20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.7.0
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_96932_5eaa23b264c293c8688ce8c509bfdb7d.pdf?lang=en
Depression and Anxiety of ADHD Childrens' Mothers. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Zemestani, M., Gholizadeh, Z., Alaei, M. (2018). اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر افسردگی و اضطراب مادران دارای فرزند با اختالل نارسایی توجه/بیشفعالی [Effectiveness of ACT on Depression and Anxiety of ADHD Childrens' Mothers]. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 61-84.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.25533.1638
Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9039_2dbe6481683b54c326d5a77fa2a1f340.pdf?lang=en
Psychological Capital in Cardiovascular Patients. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=24.
Fazeli Kebria, M., Hassanzadeh, R., Mirzaeian, B., & Khajevand Khosheli, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Psychological Capital in Cardiovascular Patients in Babol. The Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences (JBUMS), 20(4), 68-73.
DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jbums.20.4.68
Retrieved from: http://jbums.org/article-1-7320-en.html
High School Males Obsession with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT + CFT (28 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Zahiri, S., Dehghani, A., Izady, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT Enriched with Compassion Focus Therapy (CFT) for High School Males Obsession with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(4), 93-108.
DOI: 10.22051/psy.2018.15195.1401
Retrieved from:https://psychstudies.alzahra.ac.ir/m/article_3126_d20cb2e70894fbc91a225fc47b6a33a3.pdf?lang=en
Quality of Life, Severity and Duration of Pain; in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=20.
Mousavi, SM., Kraskian Mujembari, A., Hassani Abharian, P., & Pashang, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT Rehab) on Quality of Life, Severity and Duration of Pain; in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 16(1), 103-110.
DOI: 10.29252/nrip.irj.16.1.103
Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-823-en.html
Social and Health Adjustment of Nursing Students. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=40.
Noori, L., Moradi Shakib, A., Ezazi Bojnourdi, E., Adib, F., & Ashoori, J. (2018). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Social and Health Adjustment of Nursing Students. The Avicenna Journal of Nurse Midwifery Care, 25(5), 172-179.
DOI: 10.30699/sjhnmf.26.5.3
Retrieved from: http://nmj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1689-en.html
Mental health of people with Transgender Disorder. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Hemmat Afza, P., Sepehrian, F., & Soleymaniyan, E. (2018). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Social Adjustment, Psychotic Disorder and Self-Determination of People with Transgender Disorder. Association for Islamic Thought Quarterly Journal of Ethical Research, 33(9), 269-284.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://akhlagh.saminatech.ir/fa/Article/17181
Insecure attachment, fear of intimacy, and addiction to social networks in teenagers with suicidal history. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Solgi, Z. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT (ACT) on insecure attachment, fear of intimacy, and addiction to social networks in teenagers with suicidal history. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 535-555.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_96964_074939827397fa9c35ed3ff6b53a3947.pdf?lang=en
Interpersonal Forgiveness in Female Patients with Type II Diabetes. Compassion Focused (CFT)- ACT Combined Therapy vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) vs TAU. (10 sessions each). N=47.
Khayatan, S., Aghaei, A., Abedi, M., & Golparvar, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Compassion- Acceptance and Commitment Combined Therapy with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Interpersonal Forgiveness in Female Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 10(4), 194-203.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-449-en.html
Empathy Toward Mental Illnesses Among Nursing Students. ACT vs Contact Based Education (3 sessions each) vs no treatment. N=111.
Vaghee, S., Kashani Lotfabadi, M., Salarhaji, A., Vaghei, N., & Hashemi, BM. (2018). Comparing the Effects of Contact-Based Education and Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training on Empathy Toward Mental Illnesses Among Nursing Students. The Iran Journal of Psychiatry,13(2), 119-127.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.9672
Retrieved from: https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/891/727
Hardiness, Procrastination, and Frustration Tolerance in Students. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=32.
Johari Fard, R., & Moradkhani, F. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT on Hardiness, Procrastination, and Frustration Tolerance in Students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Iran. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 5(4), 221-228.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v5i4.140
Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/140/124
Marital Distress, Marital Conflict and Optimism in Married Women. ACT (10 sessions) vs waitlist. N=24.
Amani, A., & Isanejad, O., & Alipour, E. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Marital Distress, Marital Conflict and Optimism in Married Women Visited the Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Kermanshah. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(1), 42-64.
DOI: 10.29252/shenakht.5.1.42
Retrieved from: https://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-425-en.pdf
General Anxiety of Patients with Anxiety Disorder. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=28.
keshavarz Afshar, H., Rafei, Z., Mirzae, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on General Anxiety. The Journal of Payesh, 17(3), 289-296.
DOI: 20.1001.1.16807626.1397.17.3.8.6
Retrieved from: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-47-en.html
Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Amini fasakhoudi, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of a Group- based ACT on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Journal of Family Research, 14(2), 277-293.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/FileServer/JF/78913975407
Reducing Mood Symptoms in Patients with Substance Abuse. ACT vs Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (8 sessions each) vs TAU. N=45.
Haghighat, S., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and ACT on Reducing Mood Symptoms in Patients with Substance Abuse. The International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 5(4), 158-163.
DOI: 10.15171/icnj.2018.28
Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/23395
Resilience Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. ACT (10 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Hojatkhah, S., golmohammadian, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Resilience Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 85-109.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.24311.1613
Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9040_95a4c60bcebd813746dbd1f1415a9614.pdf?lang=en
Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among High School Female Students. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Karimi M., & Aghaei, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Group Application of ACT on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among High School Female Students. The International Journal of Education Psychology Research 10(4), 71-7.
DOI: 10.4103/jepr.jepr_24_16
Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2018/4/2/71/237295
Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Anxiety among Diabetic Women. ACT (15 sessions) vs TAU. N=25.
Ghasemlou, Z., & NezhadmohamadNameghi, A. (2018). Group Training based on Acceptance Commitment Approach for Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Anxiety among Diabetic Women. The Journal of Research Health, 8(6), 513-521.
DOI: 10.29252/jrh.8.6.513
Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-1480-en.html
Aggression and Anxiety in Patients with Panic. ACT (6 sessions) vs no treatment. N=20.
Ebrahimi Moghadam, H., Malmir, T., rahmani, F., Ramezan Alizadeh, Z. (2018). Investigate the Effectiveness of Group training Based on ACT on Aggression and Anxiety in Patients with Panic. The Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(4), 141-156.
DOI: 10.22051/PSY.2017.10338.1258
Retrieved from: https://psychstudies.alzahra.ac.ir/article_3118_dbe692d28b7a46a7459042bb99d03b8a.pdf?lang=en
Reducing Depression in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). ACT vs Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) (8 sessions each) vs psychoeducation. N=45.
Masjedi-Araani, A., & Khanaliloo, R. (2018). Comparison of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ACT (ACT) in Reducing Depression in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 5(2), 112-121.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v5i2.117
Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/117/107
Quality of Life and Resilience of Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=20.
Sadeghi, F., Hassani, F., Emamipour, S., & Mirzaei, H. (2018). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Quality of Life and Resilience of Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Archives of Breast Cancer, 5(3), 111–117.
DOI: 10.19187/abc.201853111-117
Retrieved from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/download/184/352
Reducing Demoralization of the Elderly. ACT vs Spirituality-Based Therapy (8 sessions each) vs psychoeducation. N=36.
Rostami, M., Rasouli, M., & kasaee, A. (2018). Comparison of the Effect of Group Counseling Based on Spirituality-Based Therapy and ACT on Reducing Demoralization of the Elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 4(3), 165-178.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1000_8f696ed648aa3eeed628cd00958761a5.pdf?lang=en
Stress in parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. ACT vs no treatment. N=44.
Shiralinia, K., Abdollahi Musavi, H., & Khojastemehr, R. (2018). The effectiveness of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-Based Training on Parenting Stress and Psychological Flexibility in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7(28), 21-44.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.26885.1695
2017 (n = 87)
Parkinson's Disease. Physical therapy + ACT vs. TAU. N=40.
Ghielen, I., van Wegen, E. E. H., . . . van den Heuvel, O. A. (2017). Body awareness training in the treatment of wearing-off related anxiety in patients with Parkinson's disease: Results from a pilot randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 103, 1-8.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.008
Depression, anxiety, and smoking cessation. ACT vs. CBT-based TAU. N = 70.
Davoudi, M., Omidi, A., Sehat, M., & Sepehrmanesh, Z. (2017). The Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Man Smokers' Comorbid Depression and Anxiety Symptoms and Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Addiction & health, 9(3), 129–138.
Retrieved from https://ahj.kmu.ac.ir/article_84720.html
Hope in breast cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N = 34.
Montazer, A., Nemati, F., Dehghani, F., & Fallah, T. (2017). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Breast Cancer Female Patients’ Hope. International Journal of Cancer Management, 10(2), e5526.
Retrieved from https://brief.land/ijcm/articles/5526.html
Headache pain. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Gharaee-Ardakani, S., Azadfallah, P., Eydi-baygi, M., Zafarizade, A., & Tork, M. (2017). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the acceptance of pain and psychological inflexibility among women with chronic headache. Journal of Research and Health, 7(2), 729-735.
DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jhr.7.2.729
Full Text: Journal Website
Psychological flexibility, mindfulness and well-being in nurses; ACT + mindfulness vs waitlist; N = 50.
Blanco-Donoso, L.M., García Rubio, C., Moreno Jiménez, B., de la Pinta, M.L.R., Moraleda Aldea, S. & Garrosa, E. (2017). Intervención breve basada en ACT y mindfulness: estudio piloto con profesionales de enfermería en UCI y Urgencias. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 17(1), 57-63.
Full Text: www.ijpsy.com [Manuscript in Spanish]
Well-being and marital satisfaction. ACT vs. control. N=20 couples.
Abbasi, M., Dargahi, S., Bakhtiari, Z., & Alipour, G. (2017). Effect of acceptance and commitment based training on psychological well-being and marital satisfaction in divorce applicants couples. Journal of Research and Health, 7(6), 1146-1153.
DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jhr.7.6.1146
Full Text: Journal website
Quality of life of patients with diabetic foot amputation. ACT vs TAU. N=52.
Wang, X. (2017). Application of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with diabetic foot amputation. Chinese Nursing Research, 31(23), 2885-2888.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Pain. ACT Online vs. Waitlist. N=302. (Economic evaluation)
Lin, J., Paganini, S., Sander, L., Lüking, M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, H. (2017). An internet-based intervention for chronic pain: A three-arm randomized controlled study of the effectiveness of guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 114, 681-688.
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0681
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Economic evaluation
Paganini, S., Lin, J., Kählke, F., Buntrock, C., Leiding, D., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2019). A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 9, e023390.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023390 (not counted separately from the study above)
Depression. Text messages based on ACT vs. behavioral activation vs cognitive restructuring. N=190.
Pfeiffer. P. N., Henry, J., Ganoczy, D., & Piette, J. D. (2017). Pilot study of psychotherapeutic text messaging for depression. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 23(7), 665-672.
DOI: 10.1177/1357633X16659955
Substance use cravings. Mindfulness + ACT vs. TAU. N=117.
Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Gawrysiak, M. J., Strauss, C., Haynes, E., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2017). A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Mindfulness and Acceptance Group Therapy for Residential Substance Use Patients. Substance Use & Misuse, 52(11), 1400-1410.
DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2017.1284232
Emotion regulation in diabetes patients. Group ACT vs. control. N=30.
Darvish Baseri, L. & DashtBozorgi, Z. (2017). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Alexithymia of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 5(1), 7-14.
DOI: 10.21859/IJPN-05012
Depressed mood. ACT vs. pharmacotherapy vs. control. N=45.
Alipour, R. & Kobra Haji Alizadeh, K. (2017). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Drug Therapy on Treatment of Patients with Major Depressive Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 5(4), 61-68.
DOI: 10.21859/ijpn-05048
Depression and anxiety. ACT vs CBT. N=12.
Lee, K. H. (2017). Vulnerability, depression, and anxiety: A preliminary comparison of CBT and ACT interventions. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 29(1), 33-53.
DOI: 10.23844/kjcp.2017.02.29.1.33
Premenstrual symptoms. ACT vs. CBT vs. control. N=21.
Jung, M. J., Na, M. O., & Son, C. N. (2017). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on premenstrual symptoms, attitudes about menstruation, and perceived stress of women with premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(1), 485-495.
DOI: 10.14400/JDC.2017.15.1.485
Prevention of depression/anxiety/stress in high school students. ACT class vs. class as usual. N=48.
Burckhardt, R., Manicavasagar, V., Batterham, P.J., Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. & Shand, F. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy universal prevention program for adolescents: A feasibility study. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, 11, 27.
DOI: 10.1186/s13034-017-0164-5
Full Text: Available Throug DOI
Suicidality and distress among Australian indigenous youth. Mobile ACT-based app vs waitlist. N=61.
Tighe, J., Shand, F., Ridani, R., et al (2017). Ibobbly mobile health intervention for suicide prevention in Australian Indigenous youth: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 7:e013518.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013518
Pain. ACT vs. telehealth ACT. N=128.
Herbert, M. S., Afari, N., Liu, L., Heppner, P., Rutledge, T., Williams, K., Eraly, S., VanBuskirk, K., Nguyen, C., Bondi, M., Atkinson, J. H., Golshan, S., & Wetherell, J. L. (2017). Telehealth versus in-person acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: A randomized noninferiority trial. The Journal of Pain, 18, 200-211.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2016.10.014
Full Text: Journal Website
Secondary Analysis
Herbert, M. S., Afari, N., Robinson, J. B., Listvinsky, A. D., Bondi, M., & Wetherell J. L. (2018). Neuropsychological functioning and treatment outcomes in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain. The Journal of Pain, 19(8), 852-861.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.008 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Herbert, M. S., Malaktaris, A. L., Dochat, C., Thomas, M. L., Wetherell, J. L., & Afari, N. (2019). Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: Does posttraumatic stress disorder influence treatment outcomes? Pain Medicine, 20(9),1728-1736.
DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny272 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Wetherell, J.L., Herbert, M., & Afari, N. (2019). Mechanism of Action: Age Differences in Response to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain. Innovation in Aging, 3(Supplement_1), S809.
DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.2979 (not counted separately from the study above)
Distress in veterans. ACT vs. Present-Centered Therapy. N=160.
Lang, A. J., Schnurr, P. P., Jain, S., He, F., Walser, R. D., Bolton, E., Benedek, D. M., Norman, S. B., Sylvers, P., Flashman, L., Strauss, J., Raman, R., & Chard, K. M. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for distress and impairment in OEF/OIF/OND veterans. Psychological Trauma, 9(Suppl 1), 74-84.
DOI: 10.1037/tra0000127
Full Text: Journal Website
Secondary Analysis
Bomyea, J., Lang, A. J., & Schnurr, P. P. (2017). TBI and Treatment Response in a Randomized Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The Journal of head trauma rehabilitation, 32(5), E35–E43.
DOI: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000278 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Gobin, R.L., Strauss, J.L., Golshan, S., Allard, C.A., Bomyea, J., Schnurr, P.P., & Lang, A.J. (2019). Gender Differences in Response to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Among Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn Veterans. Women's Health Issues, 29(3), 267-273.
DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.03.003 (not counted separately from the study above)
Health Behaviors. Matrix App vs. Waitlist. N=23.
Levin, M.E., Pierce, B. & Schoendorff, B. (2017). The acceptance and commitment therapy matrix mobile app: A pilot randomized trial on health behaviors. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6, 268-275.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.05.003
Full Text: Journal Website
Weight Loss. ACT-informed Group vs. TAU. N=73.
Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Cunha, M. (2017). Exploring the efficacy of an acceptance, mindfulness & compassionate-based group intervention for women struggling with their weight (Kg-Free): A randomized controlled trial. Appetite, 112, 107-116.
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2017.01.027
Full Text: Journal Website
Interpersonal problems and difficulties in emotion regulation. ACT vs control group. N=70.
Norouzi, M., Zargar, F., & Norouzi, F. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Interpersonal Problems and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Among University Students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(3), e8005.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.8005
Death Anxiety / Obsessions in the elderly. ACT vs. Control. N=26.
Bayati, A., Abbasi, P., Ziapour, A., Parvane, E., & Dehghan, F. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety and death obsession in the elderly. World Family Medicine, 15, 122-128.
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93148
Full Text: Journal Website
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT vs. traditional CBT vs. Waitlist. N=45.
Ghasemi, S., Azizi, A. & Esmaeli, N. (2017). Comparison between the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy on marital satisfaction in women with obsessive- compulsive disorder. Journal of Community Health, 11(2), 58-67.
DOI: 10.22123/CHJ.2018.88102
Full Text: Journal Website [Article not in English]
Marital Adjustment. ACT Group vs. Control. N=40 (20 Couples).
Ziapour, A., Mahmoodi, F., Abadi, S. M. H. M., Azami, E., & Rezaei, M. (2017). Effectiveness of group counseling with acceptance and commitment therapy approach on couples’ marital adjustment. World Family Medicine, 15, 230-236.
DOI: 10.5742/MEWFM.2017.93082
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. Control. N=30.
Pak, R., Abdi, R., & Chalbianloo, G. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on disease acceptance and experiential avoidance in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Contemporary Psychology, 12, 63-72.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Article not in English]
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. Control. N=30.
Asqari, S., & Donyavi, R. (2017). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the life expectancy in patients with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 4, 69-74.
DOI: 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_8_17
Full Text: Journal Website
Distress in the military. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=262.
Harvey, S. T., Henricksen, A., Bimler, D., & Dickson, D. (2017). Addressing anger, stress, and alcohol-related difficulties in the military: An ACT intervention. Military Psychology, 29, 464-476.
DOI: 10.1037/mil0000173
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. No treatment. N=40.
Hashemi, J., & Nazemi, A. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on admission of treatment plan in marijuana, phencyclidine and ketamine abusers. Police Medicine, 6, 189-195.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Depressive symptoms and dysfunctional attitudes in depressed patients. ACT vs Cognitive Therapy. N=19.
Tamannaei Far, S., Gharraee, B., Birashk, B., & Habibi, M. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy in Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(4), 10-14.
DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.3459
Phobia. ACT: 1 vs. 7 sessions. N=30.
Vogel, K., Gordon, P. C., & Neto, F. L. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for closed spaces phobia: A randomized clinical trial. Brazilian Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy / Revista Brasileira de Terapia Comportamental e Cognitiva, 19, 9-18.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Various. ACT vs. No treatment. N=30.
Rahnama, M., Sajjadian, I., & Raoufi, A. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and medication adherence of coronary heart patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 5, 34-43.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Self-care, quality of life and self-efficacy in patients with chronic heart failure. ACT vs. routine nursing. N=180.
Xu, C., & Yang, F. (2017). The application of acceptance and commitment therapy in patients with chronic heart failure management. Journal of Clinic Nursing's Practicality, 3, 9-12.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=SLHL201703005&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2017&v=
Depression / Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=41.
Davison, T. E., Eppingstall, B., Runci, S., & O'Connor, D. W. (2017). A pilot trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for symptoms of depression and anxiety in older adults residing in long-term care facilities. Aging & Mental Health, 21, 766-773.
DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1156051
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Psychological distress of mothers of children with autistic spectrum disorders. ACT vs no treatment control. N = 30.
Heidarian, A., Sajjadian, I., & Heidari S. (2017). Effectiveness of group-based acceptance and commitment therapy on mindfulness and acceptance in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. Middle-Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 7, e28.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-718-en.html
Diabetes. ACT vs. No treatment. N=26.
Kaboudi, M., Dehghan, F., & Ziapour, A. (2017). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on the mental health of women patients with type II diabetes. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 10, 1709-13
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Procrastination. ACT vs. CBT vs. No treatment. N=60.
Wang, S., Zhou, Y., Yu, S., Ran, L., Liu, X., & Chen, Y. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy as treatments for academic procrastination. Research on Social Work Practice, 27, 48-58.
DOI: 10.1177/1049731515577890
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Ahmadsaraei, N. F., Doost, H. T. N., Manshaee, G. R., & Nadi, M. A. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression among patients with type II diabetes. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 9, 6-13.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Psychosis. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=22.
Tyrberg, M. J., Carlbring, P., & Lundgren, T. (2017). Brief acceptance and commitment therapy for psychotic inpatients: A randomized controlled feasibility trial in Sweden. Nordic Psychology, 69, 110-125.
DOI: 10.1080/19012276.2016.1198271
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression / Schizophrenia. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=29.
Gumley, A., White, R., Briggs, A., Ford, I., Barry, S., Stewart, C., Beedie, S., McTaggart, J., Clarke, C., MacLeod, R., Lidstone, E., Salgado Riveros, B., Young, R., & McLeod, H. (2017). A parallel group randomised open blinded evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for depression after psychosis: Pilot trial outcomes (ADAPT). Schizophrenia Research, 183, 143-150.
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.026,/a>
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety / Depression / Stress. ACT vs. Motivational Interviewing. N=39.
Baradaran, M., Zare, H., Alipour, A., & Farzad, V. (2017). Comparison of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and motivational interviewing on decreasing anxiety, depression, stress and increasing hope in essential hypertensive patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 8(4), 95-105.
DOI: 10.22075/JCP.2017.2257
Full Text: Available Through DOI [Manuscript not in English]
Anxiety / Well-being. ACT vs. No treatment?. N=39.
Um, B., & Kim, Y. (2017). The effects of acceptance and commitment group counseling program on late elementary school children's anxiety and psychological well-being. Learner-Centered Curriculum Education Research, 17(16), 85-106.
DOI: 10.22251/jlcci.2017.17.16.85
Full Text: Available Through DOI [Manuscript in Korean]
Bulimia / Eating Disorder NOS. ACT-influenced Online vs. Waitlist. N=92.
Strandskov, S. W., Ghaderi, A., Andersson, H., Parmskog, N., Hjort, E., Wärn, A. S., Jannert, M., & Andersson, G. (2017). Effects of tailored and ACT-influenced internet-based CBT for eating disorders and the relation between knowledge acquisition and outcome: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 48, 624-637.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2017.02.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Confidence. ACT based talking vs. Group singing approach. N=40.
Swain, N., & Bodkin-Allen, S. (2017). Developing singing confidence in early childhood teachers using acceptance and commitment therapy and group singing: A randomized trial. Research Studies in Music Education, 39, 109-120.
DOI: 10.1177/1321103X17700141
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Diabetes. ACT + Education vs. Education. N=118.
Whitehead, L. C., Crowe, M. T., Carter, J. D., Maskill, V. R., Carlyle, D., Bugge, C., & Frampton, C. M. A. (2017). A nurse-led education and cognitive behaviour therapy-based intervention among adults with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 23, 821-829.
DOI: 10.1111/jep.12725
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Quality of Life. ACT vs. No treatment. N=50.
Mohammadi, R., Dowran, B., Rabiei, M., & Salimi, S. H. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on quality of life among military students. Police Medicine, 6, 21-30.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Marital Satisfaction. ACT vs. No treatment. N=40.
Pirani, Z., Abbasi, M., Kalvani, M., & Nourbakhsh, M. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on sexual self-esteem, emotional skillfulness and marital adjustment in Veterans' wives. Iranian Journal of War and Public Health, 9, 25-32. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ijwph.9.1.25
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. No treatment. N=30.
Hajsadeghi Z., Bassak Nejad, S., & Razmjoo, S. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression and anxiety among women with breast cancer. Pajouhan Scientific Journal, 15(4), 42-49.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript not in English]
Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Fathi, R., Khodarahimi, S., & Rasti, A. (2017). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on metacognitions and anxiety in women outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder in Iran. Canadian Journal of Counselling & Psychotherapy / Revue Canadienne de Counseling et de Psychothérapie, 51, 207-216
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Attention. ACT vs. Control. N=40.
Enoch, M. R., & Dixon, M. R. (2017). The use of a child-based acceptance and commitment therapy curriculum to increase attention. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 39, 200-224.
DOI: 10.1080/07317107.2017.1338454
Full Text: Available Through DOI
HIV. Acceptance-based behavioral therapy vs. TAU. N=34.
Moitra, E., LaPlante, A., Armstrong, M. L., Chan, P. A., & Stein, M. D. (2017). Pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance-based behavior therapy to promote HIV acceptance, HIV disclosure, and retention in medical care. AIDS and Behavior, 21, 2641-2649.
DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1780-z
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. No treatment. N=24.
Shakernegad, S., Moazen, N., Hamidi, M., Hashemi, R., Bazzazzadeh, N., & Bodaghi M. (2017). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress, marital satisfaction and quality of life in women with multiple sclerosis. Journal of Health and Care, 19, 7-17.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Marital Satisfaction. ACT vs. No treatment. N=93.
Kavousian, J., Harfi, H., & Karimi, K. (2017). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on marital satisfaction in couples. Journal of Health and Care, 19, 75-87.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Psychological Flexibility. ACT vs. No treatment. N=80.
Deval, C., Bernard-Curie, S. & Monestès, J. (2017). Effects of an acceptance and commitment therapy intervention on leaders' and managers' psychological flexibility. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 27, 34-42.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcc.2016.10.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI [Manuscript in French]
Osteoarthritis. ACT vs. TAU. N=31.
Clarke, S. P., Poulis, N., Moreton, B. J., Walsh, D. A., & Lincoln, N. B. (2017). Evaluation of a group acceptance commitment therapy intervention for people with knee or hip osteoarthritis: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Disability and Rehabilitation, 39, 663-670.
DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2016.1160295
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Weight Loss. ACT Coaching vs. ACT Coaching + Food supplement vs. TAU. N=377.
Tapsell, L. C., Lonergan, M., Batterham, M. J., Neale, E. P., Martin, A., Thorne, R., Deane, F., & Peoples, G. (2017). Effect of interdisciplinary care on weight loss: A randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 7:e014533.
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014533
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Occupational Rehabilitation. ACT follow-up vs. Normal follow up. N=213.
Hara, K. W., Bjørngaard, J. H., Brage, S., Borchgrevink, P. C., Halsteinli, V., Stiles, T. C., Johnsen, R., & Woodhouse, A. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of adding telephone follow-up to an occupational rehabilitation program to increase work participation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 1-14.
DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9711-4
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Usual school curriculum. N=586.
Van der Gucht, K., Griffith, J. W., Hellemans, R., Bockstaele, M., Pascal-Claes, F., & Raes, F. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for adolescents: Outcomes of a large-sample, school-based, cluster-randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 8, 408-416.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-016-0612-y
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Mental health of college students. ACT Online vs. Waitlist. N=79.
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., Pierce, B. G. & Twohig, M. P. (2017). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Modification, 41, 141-162.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445516659645
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Psychosis. ACT vs. Befriending. N=96.
Shawyer, F., Farhall, J., Thomas, N., Hayes, S. C., Gallop, R., Copolov, D., & Castle, D. J. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 210, 140-148.
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.182865
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Postpartum depression, self-efficacy and self-esteem. ACT vs Control. N=88.
Lu, D. & Fan, J. (2017). Effect of routine nursing combined with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the depression mood, self efficacy and self-esteem of patients with postpartum depression. Sichuan Mental Health, 3, 253-255.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: CAOD
Well-being of the elderly. ACT vs Logotherapy vs no treatment. N = 66
Noruzi, A., Moradi, A., Zamani, K., & Hassani, J. (2017). Comparison the effectiveness of Logotherapy based on Rumi's thought with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the psychological well-being of elderly. Journal of Research on Psychological Health, 11(3), 41-61.
DOI: 10.29252/rph.11.3.41
Body image and social phobia in people with physical disabilities. ACT vs no treatment. N = 30.
Usefi, A. R. A., Khani, Z. O., & Moghadam, M. F. (2017). The effect of acceptance and commitment group therapy on body image and social phobia in people with physical disabilities. Middle-Eastern Journal of Disability Studies, 7, e.13.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jdisabilstud.org/article-1-670-en.pdf
Improving the autobiographical memory of non-clinical sample of depressed people. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment N=18.
Ghalkhani, E., Sabahi, P., Tabatabaee, M., & Rahimian, E., Shahbazi, A. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Autobiographical Memory in non- Clinical Sample of Depressed People. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 4(1), 66-75.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.html
Marital adjustment and marital satisfaction. ACT (12 sessions) vs Emotional Focused Couple Therapy (14session) vs no treatment. N=45.
Akhavan Bitaghsir, Z., Sanaee Zaker, B., Navabinejad, S., & Farzad, VA. (2017). Comparetive of Emotional Focused Couple Therapy and ACT on Marital Adjustment and Marital Satisfaction. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 5(2), 121-128.
DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.2.121
Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-612-en.html
Disease Perception and Psychological Capital in Patients with Type II Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=34.
Baghban Baghestan, A., Aerab Sheibani, K., & Javedani Masrur, M. (2017). Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Disease Perception and Psychological Capital in Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 23(2), 135-140.
DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.hms.23.2.135
Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-2514-en.html
Couples’ sexual function. ACT (8 session) vs psychoeducation. N=60.
Akbari Torkestani, N., Ramezannejad, P., Abedi, M., Eshrati, B., Nekoobahr, A., & Ramezannejad, P. (2017). Effect of Premarital Counseling with ACT-Based Approach on Sexual Function. The Journal of Arak Uni Med Sci, 19(12), 34-42.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-4600-en.html
Career Adaptability. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=40.
Naeimi, E., & Mazaheri, Z. (2017). The Effect of ACT on Career Adaptability. The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 7(27), 161-180.
DOI: 10.22054/JCPS.2017.7912
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=606462
Fear of Death in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Asqari, S., & Donyavi, R. (2017). The effectiveness of ACT on the fear of death in patients with multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Nurse Midwifery Sci, 9(4),125-129.
DOI: 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_7_17
Retrieved from: https://www.jnmsjournal.org/text.asp?2017/4/4/125/228882
Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Elderly People with Age-Related Macular Degradation. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=28.
Pirhayati, Z., Barghi Irani, Z. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Treatment on Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Elderly People with Age- Related Macular Degradation. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(2), 137-146.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_748_bacb668eb50c263b22db8d44de6d1cf2.pdf?lang=en
Psychological, social and spiritual health of the patients with angina pectoris. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Amiri, M., Maroufi, M., & Sadeghi, M. (2017). The effectiveness of ACT on psychological, social and spiritual health of the patients with angina pectoris. The Int Journal of Educ Psychol Res, 9(3), 240-4.
DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.225099
Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/4/240/225099
Difficulty Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance Patients with Essential Hypertension. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=40.
Boostani, M., Ezadikhah, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2017). Effectiveness of Group- Based ACT on the Difficulty Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance Patients with Essential Hypertension. The International Journal of Educ Psychol Res, 10(3), 205-211.
DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.204118
Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/3/205/204118.
Couples’ Marital Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Emotional Regulation, General Health, and mindfulness. ACT (10 sessions) vs TAU. N=50.
Omidi, A. & Talighi, E. (2017). The Effectiveness of Marital Therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment on Couples’ Marital Satisfaction and Quality of Life. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 4(1), 46-51.
DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v4i1.80
Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/80/64
Depression and Quality of Life in Divorced Women. ACT vs Cognitive Behavior vs Solution Focused Therapy (9 sessions each) vs no treatment. N=48.
Azizi, A., & Ghasemi, S. (2017). Comparison the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Quality of Life in Divorced Women. The Journal of Counseling culture and psychotherapy, 8(29), 207-236.
DOI: 10.22054/QCCPC.2017.18777.1443
Retrieved from: https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_7362_f2c89231751cbc7c8cc78c6e988170ba.pdf?lang=en
Social Competence and Life Expectancy of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Ghadampour, E., Radmehr, P., & Yousefvand, L. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Treatment on Social Competence and Life Expectancy of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Armaghan danesh, 21(11), 1100-1114.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://armaghanj.yums.ac.ir/article-1-1444-en.pdf
Reducing Perceived Stress among multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. ACT (12 sessions) vs Group Logotherapy (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=33.
Amir, F., Ahadi, H., Nikkhah, K., & Seirafi, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Group Logotherapy in Reducing Perceived Stress among MS Patients. Caspian Journal of Neurol Science, 3(4), 175-184.
DOI: 10.29252/nirp.cjns.3.11.175
Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html
Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Women Who Undergoing in Virto Fertilization (IVF). ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=35.
Feyzi, Z., Moradi, A., Khaje Dalouee, M., & Khadem, N. (2017). The Efficacy of ACT on Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Women Who Undergoing in Virto Fertilization (IVF). The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 7(27), 1-21.
DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2017.7905
Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_7905_dd0e3f9ffa78e846d8614e85f579b501.pdf?lang=en
Frustration Tolerance and Dysfunctional Attitudes of Mothers of Students with Intellectual Disabilities. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=32.
Abbasi, H., Karimi, B., Jafari, D. (2017). The Effectiveness of ACT on Frustration Tolerance and Dysfunctional Attitudes of Mothers of Students with Intellectual Disabilities. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(24), 81-108.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.20384.1522
Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_7530_bb8b6c9e688cd375bae9413a864442ce.pdf?lang=en
Physical and Psychological Marital Intimacy of Women. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Heidari, A., Heidari H., & Davoudi, H. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on the Physical and Psychological Marital Intimacy of Women. The International Journal Education Psychology Research, 10(3), 163-7.
DOI: 10.4103/jepr.jepr_62_16
Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/3/163/219425
Resilience in the Elderly. ACT (9 sessions) vs waitlist. N=20.
Seyyedjafari, J., Motamedi, A., Mehradsadr, M., Olamaie Kopaei, M., Hashemian, S. (2017). The Effectiveness of ACT on Resilience in Elderlies. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(1), 21-29.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_735_e3622d63d03762840601b5fa203e1493.pdf?lang=en
Social Adjustment and Social Phobia Among Physically-Disabled Persons. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Ostadian Khani, Z., & Fadie Moghadam, M. (2017). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Social Adjustment and Social Phobia Among Physically-Disabled Persons. The Journal of Archives of Rehabilitation, 18(1), 63-72.
DOI: 10.21859/jrehab-180163
Retrieved from: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1942-en.html
Hardness and Perceived Stress Coefficient Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Mousavi, M., DashtBozorgi, Z. (2017). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy (ACT) on the Hardness and Perceived Stress Coefficient Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 5(4), 311-319.
DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.4.311
Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-735-en.html
Perceived Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=40.
Mahdavi, A., Aghaei, M., Aminnasab, V., Tavakoli, Z., Besharat, M., & Abedin, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Perceived Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Archives of Breast Cancer, 4(1), 16–23.
DOI: 10.19187/abc.20174116-23
Retrieved from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/download/116/171
Social Adjustment and Internalized Shame Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. ACT (10 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Hojjatkhah, S. M., & Mesbah, I. (2017). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Social Adjustment and Internalized Shame Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(24), 153-180.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.7533
Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_7533_d570e19e3bc0a9976ebc7753185395cf.pdf?lang=en
Body Image in Women Between the Ages of Thirty and Forty after Beauty Surgeries. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Ziaei, F., & Nicknami, M. (2017). The Effect of Acceptance Based and Commitment-Based Therapy on Body Image in Women Between the Ages of Thirty and Forty after Beauty Surgeries. The Razavi International Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 1-5.
DOI: 10.5812/rijm.62159
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=597833
Hope and Happiness of Female Adolescents Under Welfare Protection. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Marmarchinia, M., & Zoghi Paidar, M. (2017). Effectiveness of ACT on Hope and Happiness of Female Adolescents Under Welfare Protection. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(3), 157-174.
DOI: 20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.3.1.2
Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_96850_cb249f3162b3816ad287f3fb416be048.pdf?lang=en
Family Empowerment and Quality of Life in Families with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children. ACT vs Functional Family Therapy (9 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=30.
Azizi, A., Ghasemi, S., ghorbani, A., Shojai, F., & mohammadi, F. (2017). Comparison the Effectiveness of Functional Family Therapy and ACT on Family Empowerment and Quality of Life in Families with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7(26), 177-210.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.22356.1575
Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_7868_b8f4c0c2a3c9b85a711e5d0bb9a483ae.pdf?lang=en
2016 (n = 60)
PTSD symptoms and event centrality, ACT vs. TAU. N=63.
Boals, A & Murrell, A. R. (2016). I Am > Trauma: Experimentally Reducing Event Centrality and PTSD Symptoms in a Clinical Trial. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 21(6), 471-483.
DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2015.1117930
Anxiety and depression in perinatal women. ACT vs. TAU. N=309.
Li, Z., Zhu, H., Cao, J., Jin, M., & Zhu, Z. (2016). Relationship between cognitive fusion and the state of anxiety and depression in perinatal women. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medical Science, 25(5), 399-403
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Life meaning of mothers with children with developmental delays. ACT vs no treatment. N=40.
Bahadori KhosroShahi, J., Habibi Kalaibar, R. (2016). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Training on the Meaningfulness of Life and Emotional Self-Disclosure among Mothers of Children with Intellectual Disability. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(23), 83-105.
DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2016.7368
Postoperative psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer. ACT vs. TAU. N=120.
Jiao, R., Jiang, W., & Hu, Y. (2016). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on postoperative psychosocial adaptation in breast cancer patients. Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing, 32(34), 2662-2665.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
Repetitive negative thinking. Randomized multiple baseline, single session of ACT vs. baseline. N=11.
Ruiz, F. J., Riaño-Hernández, D., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., & Luciano, C. (2016). Effect of a one-session ACT protocol in disrupting repetitive negative thinking. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 16(3), 213-233.
Full Text: www.ijpsy.com
Psychological symptoms, coping styles and quality of life in patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ACT vs. control. N=16.
Behrouz, B., Bavali, F., Heidarizadeh, N., & Farhadi, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Symptoms, Coping Styles, and Quality of Life in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes. Journal of Health, 7(2), 236-253.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.html
Symptoms of GAD and quality of life. iABBT (iACT) vs. wait list. N = 103.
Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., Magnusson, K., Johansson, T., Sjögren, J., Håkansson, A., Pettersson, M., Kadowaki, A., Cuijpers, P., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Internet-delivered acceptance-based behaviour therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 77, 86-95.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.007
Social avoidance. Psychoed re: creative hopelessness with or without rules acquired during practice vs. psychoed re: social anxiety. N=48.
Sakai, M., Muto, T., & Ohtsuki, T., (2016). Effects of rules acquired through creative hopelessness on behavioral change: An experimental study of motivative augmentals. Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy, 42(1), 51-62.
DOI: 10.24468/jjbt.42.1_51
Symptom severity and quality of life in anxiety and depression. Open ACT components vs. Engaged ACT components. N=15.
Villatte, J. L., Vilardaga, R., Villatte, M., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Atkins, D. A., & Hayes, S. C. (2016). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy modules: Differential impact on treatment processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 77, 52-61.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.001
Neurobiological effects of treatment for opiate addiction. ACT vs. health education control. N=25.
Smallwood, R. F., Potter, J. S., & Robin, D. A. (2016). Neurophysiological mechanisms in acceptance and commitment therapy in opioid-addicted patients with chronic pain. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 250, 12-14.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2016.03.001
Anxiety in worried college students. ACT vs. waitlist. N=16.
Roo, J.Y., Kang, H, & Son, C.N. (2016) Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy(ACT) on Symptoms of Worry, Anxiety, Tolerance of Uncertainty, Emotional Regulation, and Experiential Avoidance in University Students with Excessive Worry. Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 21(4), 909-923.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.4.014
Hope in cancer patients. ACT vs. control. N=24.
Farahnaz Ghasemi, Fateme Dehghan, Vahid Farnia, Faeze Tatari, & Mostafa Alikhani (2016). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Life Expectancy of Female Cancer Patients at Tehran๊s Dehshpour Institute in 2015. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 17(8), 4113-4116.
DOI: 10.14456/apjcp.2016.223
Smart-phone addiction. ACT vs. control. N=18.
Yu, H. G., & Son, C. N. (2016). Effects of ACT on smartphone addiction level, self-control, and anxiety of college students with smartphone addiction. Journal of Digital Convergence, 14(2), 415-426.
DOI: 10.14400/JDC.2016.14.2.415
Full Text: policy.or.kr
Social anxiety in college students. ACT vs. control. N=16.
Kim, D. H., & Son, C. N. (2016). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on social anxiety, rejection sensitivity and acceptance of social anxiety disorder-prone college students. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(1), 101-119.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2016.35.1.006
Smartphone addiction and depression among University Students. ACTversus no treatment. N=16.
Ha, J., & Son, C. (2016) Effects of Acceptance and CommitmentTherapy (ACT) on Self-Control, Depression, and Smartphone Addiction Level in University Students with High level of Depression and Smartphone Addiction. Korean Journal of Psychology: Addiction, 1, 1-16.
DOI: 10.23147/ADDICTPSY.PUB.1.1.1
Career decision making in high school students. ACT vs. control. N=24.
Ryoo, M. K., & Kim, J. C. (2016). A study on development of the acceptance commitment counseling program and the effects of the program for the career decision and acception of career uncertainty for high school students. Korean Journal of Youth Studies, 23(1), 1-28.
DOI: 10.21509/kjys.2016.01.23.1.1
Child functioning, quality of life, and parental adjustment. ACT plus Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP), SSTP alone, wait list. N=67.
Whittingham, K., Sanders, M.R., McKinlay, L., Boyd, N. (2016) Parenting intervention combined with acceptance and commitment therapy: A trial with families of children with cerebral palsy. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 41, 531-542.
DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsv118
Full Text: Availanle Through DOI
Social Competence. ACT vs. DBT vs. No Treatment. N=180.
Oluwole, A. D. (2016). Effectiveness Of Dialectical Behaviour And Acceptance_Commitment Therapies In Enhancing Social Competence Of Spiritually-Abused Adolescents In Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria. Ethiopian International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(3), 7-21.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Available Through ResearchGate
Various. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=267.
Burckhardt, R., Manicavasagar, V., Batterham, P. J., & Hadzi-Pavlovic, D. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of strong minds: A school-based mental health program combining acceptance and commitment therapy and positive psychology. Journal of School Psychology, 57, 41-52.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2016.05.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Marital Relations. ACT vs. No Treatment. N=80.
Amirfakhraei, A., Ahadi, H., Keraskian, A., & Khalatbare, J. (2016). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on dysfunctional communicative attitude (DCA) of couples suffering diabetes in Bandar Abbas. The Turkish Online Journal of Design, Art and Communication, August, 1665-1672.
DOI: 10.7456/1060AGSE/048
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stigma in school student orphans. ACT group vs. control. N=40.
Wang, J., Zhang, C., Gao, Y., Wen, W., & Wang, F. (2016). Interventions by Mental Decontamination-Oriented Group Counseling in Lower Secondary School Orphan Students with High Self-Stigma Based on the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Chinese Journal of Special Education, 4, 84-89.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://oversea.cnki.net/kcms/detail/detail.aspx?filename=ZDTJ201604013&dbcode=CJFQ&dbname=CJFD2016&v=
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. Control. N=22.
Heo, S. M., & Lee, B. K. (2016). The Effects of Therapy Variables in Acceptance Commitment Therapy on Social Anxiety. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 16(4), 445-467.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript in Korean]
Eating Disorder/Anorexia Nervosa. ACT vs. TAU. N=43.
Parling, T., Cernvall, M., Holmgren, S., & Ghaderi, A. (2016). A randomised trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for anorexia nervosa after daycare treatment, including five-year follow-up. BMC Psychiatry, 16: 272.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0975-6
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. ACT vs. No treatment. N=30.
Dehghani, Y. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on depression and quality of life in women with dialysis patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 831, 1-9.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Social Anxiety Disorder / Panic Disorder. Therapist guided ACT Online vs. Unguided ACT Online vs. Waitlist. N=152.
Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 27-35.
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Gambling. ACT vs. No treatment. N=18.
Dixon, M. R., Wilson, A. N., & Habib, R. (2016). Neurological evidence of acceptance and commitment therapy effectiveness in college-age gamblers. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5, 80-88.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.04.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. Individual ACT vs. Group ACT. N=48.
Kanstrup, M., Wicksell, R. K., Kemani, M., Lipsker, C. W., Lekander, M., & Holmström, L. (2016). A clinical pilot study of individual and group treatment for adolescents with chronic pain and their parents: Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on functioning. Children, 3: 30.
DOI: 10.3390/children3040030
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. ACT vs. No treatment. N=?.
Sirous Jahedi, Z., Keykhosrovani, M., Esmaeili Cholicheh, N., & Allahyari, M. (2016). The effectiveness of training acceptance and commitment therapy on conference anxiety reduction in classroom among female high school students of Saveh, Iran. International Journal of Research in Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management, 4(2), 11-19.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Anxiety. Acceptance-based behavioral treatment vs. CBT. N=21.
Glassman, L. H., Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Bradley, L. E., Foster, E. E., Izzetoglu, M., & Ruocco, A. C. (2016). The effects of a brief acceptance-based behavioral treatment versus traditional cognitive-behavioral treatment for public speaking anxiety. Behavior Modification, 40, 748-776.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445516629939
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cancer. ACT vs. CBT. N=36.
Abad, A. N. S., Bakhtiari, M., Kashani, F. L., & Habibi, M. (2016). The comparison of effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment with cognitive-behavioral therapy in reduction of stress and anxiety in cancer patients. International Journal of Cancer Research and Prevention, 9, 229-246.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Stigma. ACT vs. Education. N=152.
Kenny, A., & Bizumic, B. (2016). Learn and ACT: Changing prejudice towards people with mental illness using stigma reduction interventions. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5, 178-185.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.06.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Weight Loss. Acceptance-based Behavioral Intervention vs. Standard Behavioral Intervention. N=162.
Lillis, J., Niemeier, H. M., Thomas, J. G., Unick, J., Ross, K. M., Leahey, T. M., Kendra, K. E., Dorfman, L., & Wing, R. R. (2016). A randomized trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss in people with high internal disinhibition. Obesity, 24, 2509-2514.
DOI: 10.1002/oby.21680
Full Text: Available through DOI
Weight Loss. ACT vs. No treatment. N=30.
Fard, F.D., Mehrabian, B., Boroon, Z., Ghaderi, M., Yousefi, S., & Lory, S.S. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reduction of obesity and body image. Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège, 85, 1571-1577.
DOi: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Orthodontic compliance. ACT vs. TAU. N=400.
Li, G., Yao, Y., Song, L., Zhang, L., et al. (2016). A Clinical Study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Orthodontic Adherence in Adolescents. Medical Innovation of China, 13(30), 16-19.
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2016.30.004
Full Text: Available Through Journal [Manuscript in Chinese]
Multiple Sclerosis. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Yazdanbakhsh, K., Kaboudi, M., Roghanchi, M., Dehghan, F., & Nooripour, R. (2016). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological adaptation in women with MS. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 8, 2767-2777.
DOI: DOI not valid
Full Text: Journal Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. 12-step vs. Methadone maintenance. N=60.
Azkhosh, M., Farhoudianm, A., Saadati, H., Shoaee, F., & Lashani, L. (2016). Comparing acceptance and commitment group therapy and 12-steps narcotics anonymous in addict's rehabilitation process: A randomized controlled trial. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 11, 244-249.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Diabetes management. ACT + Education vs. Education. N=53.
Shayeghian, Z., Hassanabadi, H., Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., Amiri, P., & Ali Besharat, M. (2016). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for type 2 diabetes management: The moderating role of coping styles. PLoS ONE, 11: e0166599.
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166599
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Burnout in nurses. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Bahrainian, A., Khanjani, S., & Masjedi Arani, A. (2016). The efficacy of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training on burnout in nurses. Police Medicine, 5, 143-152.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Anxiety. ACT Self-help vs. Waitlist. N=503.
Ritzert, T. R., Forsyth, J. P., Sheppard, S. C., Boswell, J. F., Berghoff, C. R. & Eifert, G. H. (2016). Evaluating the effectiveness of ACT for anxiety disorders in a self-help context: Outcomes from a randomized wait-list controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 47, 444-459.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.03.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Ritzert, T. R., Berghoff, C. R., Tifft, E. D., & Forsyth, J. P. (2020). Evaluating ACT Processes in Relation to Outcome in Self-Help Treatment for Anxiety-Related Problems. Behavior Modification, 44(6), 865-890.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445519855616 (not counted separately from the study above)
Obesity. ACT vs. CBT. N=190.
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Manasse, S. M., Crosby, R. D., Goldstein, S. P., Wyckoff, E. P. & Thomas, J. G. (2016). Acceptance-based versus standard behavioral treatment for obesity: Results from the mind your health randomized controlled trial. Obesity, 24, 2050-2056.
DOI: 10.1002/oby.21601
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression in the military. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Shekari , H. R., Dabbaghi, P., Dowran, B., & Taghva, A. (2016). Effectiveness of group training of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression symptoms in soldiers. Ebnesia, 18(2), 19-25.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript not in English]
Preventing mental health problems in college students. ACT Online vs. Health Education Online. N=234.
Levin, M. E., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Seeley, J. R. (2016). Web-based self-help for preventing mental health problems in universities: Comparing acceptance and commitment training to mental health education. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 207-225.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22254
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Problematic pornography use. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=26.
Crosby, J. M., & Twohig, M. P. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy for problematic internet pornography use: A Randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 47, 355-366.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.02.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Social Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Azadeh, S. M., Kazemi-Zahrani, H., & Besharat, M. A. (2016). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal problems and psychological flexibility in female high school students with social anxiety disorder. Global Journal of Health Science, 8, 131-138.
DOI: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n3p131
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT vs. Expressive writing vs. Waitlist. N=236.
Pots, W. T. M., Fledderus, M., Meulenbeek, P. A. M., ten Klooster, P. M., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptomatology: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 208, 69-77.
DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146068
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Depression. ACT vs. Expressive Writing vs. Waitlist. N=236.
Pots, W. T. M., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 16:158.
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0841-6 (not counted separately from the study above)
Well being of college students. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=68.
Räsänen, P., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2016). An online guided ACT intervention for enhancing the psychological wellbeing of university students: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 78, 30-42.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.01.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Mediation Analysis
Räsänen, P., Muotka, J. & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Examining mediators of change in wellbeing, stress, and depression in a blended, Internet-based, ACT intervention for university students. Internet Interventions, 22, 100343.
DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100343 (not counted separately from the study above)
Health Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=126.
Eilenberg, T., Fink, P., Jensen, J. S., Rief, W., & Frostholm, L. (2016). Acceptance and commitment group therapy (ACT-G) for health anxiety: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 46, 103-115.
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291715001579
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Eilenberg, T., Hoffmann, D., Jensen, J. S., & Frostholm, L. (2017). Intervening variables in group-based acceptance & commitment therapy for severe health anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 92, 24–31.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.009 (not counted separately from the study above)
Stress among nurse trainees. ACT vs. Reflection seminars. N=113.
Frögéli, E., Djordjevic, A., Rudman, A., Livheim, F., & Gustavsson, P. (2016). A randomized controlled pilot trial of acceptance and commitment training (ACT) for preventing stress-related ill health among future nurses. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 29, 202-218.
DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2015.1025765
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Various. ACT vs. Reflection seminars. N=113.
Frögéli, E., Rudman, A., & Gustavsson, P. (2019). Preventing stress-related ill health among future nurses: Effects over 3 years. International Journal of Stress Management, 26(3), 272-286.
DOI: 10.1037/str0000110
Full Text: Available Through DOI (not counted separately from the study above)
Pain. ACT vs. Support. N=101.
Alonso-Fernández, M., López-López, A., Losada, A., González, J. L, & Wetherell, J. L. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy and selective optimization with compensation for institutionalized older people with chronic pain. Pain Medicine, 17, 264-277.
DOI: 10.1111/pme.12885
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Acceptability of ACT for psychosis. ACT vs. TAU. N = 32.
Boden, M.T., Gaudiano, B.A., Walser, R.D. et al. (2016) Feasibility and challenges of inpatient psychotherapy for psychosis: lessons learned from a veterans health administration pilot randomized controlled trial. BMC Res Notes 9, 376.
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2179-z
Pain catastrophizing of hemodialysis patients. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=30.
Ramezanzadeh, D., Manshaee, G. (2016). The impact of ACT on pain catastrophizing: The case of hemodialysis patients in Iran. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches, 9(2), 69-75.
DOI:10.4103/2395-2296.178868
Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2016/2/2/69/178868
Obsessions-Compulsions of girl adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder. ACT (8 sessions) vs waitlist. N=30.
Habibollahi, A., Soltanizadeh, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Obsessions- Compulsions in Girl Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(4), 1-10.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html
Marital happiness of the couples who are not satisfied with their relationship. ACT vs Cognitive- Behavioral Couple Therapy (6 sessions each) vs waitlist. N=6.
Azimifar, S., & Fatehizadeh, M., & Bahrami, F., & Ahmadi, A., & Abedi, A. (2016). Comparing the Effects of Cognitive- Behavioral Couple Therapy & ACT on Marital Happiness of Dissatisfied Couples. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 3(2), 56-81.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=568467
Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia and Health Anxiety in Students. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Mohagheghi, H., Dousti, P., Jafari, D. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Reduction, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia and Health Anxiety in Students. Clinical Psychology Studies, 6(23), 81-94.
DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2016.4559
Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_4559_21393244187ee01a355b2924e2a5853c.pdf?lang=en
Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=40.
Fathi Ahmadsaraei, N., Neshat doost, HT., Manshaee, GR., Nadi, MA. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 4(1), 31-39.
DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ihepsaj.4.1.31
Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-376-en.html
Stress Reductionin Afflicted Elderly Men to Heart Diseases. ACT (8sessions) vs TAU. N=50.
Kakavand, A., Baqeri, M., Shirmohammadi, F. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Stress Reduction in Afflicted Elderly Men to Heart Diseases. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 1(3), 169-178.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_336_0e981c09b14928b4e8b4aeb7481177b4.pdf?lang=en
Externalizing Symptoms in 7 to 12 Years Old Children with Chronic Pain. CHACT (8 sessions) vs TAU. N=20.
Ghomian, S., & Shairi, MR. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Externalizing Symptoms in 7 to12 Year-Old Children with Chronic Pain. The Caspian Journal of Pediatrics (CJP), 2(1), 107-112.
DOI: 10.22088/acadpub.BUMS.2.1.107
Retrieved from: http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-32-en.html
School Phobia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. ACT (8 sessions) vs no treatment. N=24.
Najaf Abadi, M. (2016). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on School Phobia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 24(4), 304-316.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3406-en.html
Psychological Well-Being and Anger Reduction Among Mothers with Deaf Children. ACT (10 sessions) vs no treatment. N=30.
Tabrizi, F., & Nezhadmohammad Nameghi, A. (2016). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Well-Being and Anger Reduction Among Mothers with Deaf Children in Tehran. The Journal of Aud Vest Res. 26(3), 151-156.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/154/92
2015 (n = 50)
Binge eating in college students. ACT vs. control. N=14.
Kim, A. R., & Son, C. N. (2015). Effects of Acceptance–Commitment Therapy (ACT) on binge eating behavior, experiential avoidance, and psychological well-being of college students prone to binge eating disorder. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 20(2), 407-423.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2015.20.2.003
Anxiety and depression in breast cancer patients. ACT vs. TAU. N = 30.
Mohabbat-Bahar, S., Maleki-Rizi, F., Esmaeil Akbari, M., & Moradijoo, M. (2015). Effectiveness of Group Training Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Anxiety and Depression of Women with Breast Cancer. International Journal of Cancer Management, 8(2), e80592.
Retrieved from https://brief.land/ijcm/articles/80592.html
Depression and psychological flexibility in women with breast cancer. Group ACT vs. control. N=20.
Dehghani Najvani, B., Neshatdoost, H., Abedi, M., & Mokarian F. (2015). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Psychological Flexibility in Women With Breast Cancer. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(4).
DOI: 10.17795/zjrms965
Full text: https://sites.kowsarpub.com/zjrms/articles/965.html
Quality of life in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorder. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Nasiri, S., Ghorbani, M., & Adibi, P. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Quality of Life in Patients with Functional Gastro Intestinal Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(4), 93-105.
DOI: 10.22075/jcp.2017.2221
Depression and anxiety in cardioverter defibrillator patients. ACT+CBT vs TAU. N=66.
Ma, J., Deng, Y., Xu, L., Zhang, J., Qiu, J., & Fu, R. (2015). Application of psychological therapy to patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillator. China Journal of Modern Medicine, 36, 105-109.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: CAOD
PTSD symptoms in interpersonal trauma. ACT vs. control. N=24.
Joo, S. J., & Son, C. N. (2015). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on posttraumatic stress symptoms and complex posttraumatic stress symptoms of college students with interpersonal trauma. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 34(2), 353-374.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2015.34.2.002
Public speaking anxiety (self-report and physiological). ACT vs. education. N=76.
Neck, L. & Yong-rae, C. (2015). The effects of an acceptance-based treatment and trait speech anxiety on anxiety responses to a public-speaking situation. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Korea, 15(2),291-312.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: https://www.earticle.net/Article/A253154
Craving related thoughts in smokers. Defusion vs reappraisal vs suppression. N=73.
Beadman, M., Das, R.K., Freeman, T.P., Scragg, P., West, R., & Kamboj, S.K. (2015). A comparison of emotion regulation strategies in response to craving cognitions: Effects on smoking behaviour, craving and affect in dependent smokers. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 69, 29-39.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.03.013
Interpersonal problems in Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Acceptance-based behavior therapy vs applied relaxation. N=81
Millstein, D.J., Orsillo, S.M., Hayes-Skelton, S.A., & Roemer, L. (2015). Interpersonal Problems, Mindfulness, and Therapy Outcome in an Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 44(6), 491-501.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1060255
Emotional eating of obese women. ACT vs no treatment control. N = 30.
Nourian, L., Aghaei, A., & Ghorbani, M. (2015). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional eating among obese women. Knowledge and Research in Applied Psychology, 16(2), 15-23.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight self-efficacy in obese women. ACT vs no treatment control. N = 30.
Nourian, L., Aghaei, A., & Ghorbani, M. (2015). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy on weight self-efficacy lifestyle in obese women. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(123), 159-169.
DOI: No DOI
Full text: ACBS Website
PTSD symptoms Coping style Self-efficacy. ACT vs. control group. N=24.
Behrouz, B. (2015). The Effectiveness of Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Coping Styles, and Self-Efficacy in Girls with Abnormal Grief. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(4), 81-92.
DOI: 10.22075/jcp.2017.2220
Maladaptive Schemas of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. ACT vs no treatment. N=40.
Abbasia, M., Dargahib, S., Ghasemi Jobanehb, R., Dargahi, A., Mehrabi, A., & Aziz, K. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Training on the Maladaptive Schemas of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 4(2), 86-93.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jhygiene.muq.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html
Improving the depression and body image of women with obesity. ACT vs TAU. N=30.
Gholamhoseini, B., & Khodabakhshi Koolaee, A., & Taghvaei, D. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Depression and Body Image in Women with Obesity. Commonity Health, 2(2), 72-79.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=508883
Aggression in Juvenile Delinquents and Mental Rehabilitation. ACT vs TAU. N=30.
Mohammadi, M., Farhoudian, A., Shoaee, F., Younesi, S. J., & Dolatshahi, B. (2015). Aggression in Juvenile Delinquents and Mental Rehabilitation Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 13(2), 5-9.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html
Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Men under Methadone Treatment. ACT vs TAU. N=24.
Mohammadi, L., Salehzade Abarghoei, M., & Nasirian, M. (2015). Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Men under Methadone Treatment. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (JSSU), 23(9), 853-861.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3206-en.html
The Quality of Life of Women. ACT vs waitlist. N=30.
Sobouhi, R., Fatehizade, M. A., Ahmadi, S. A., & Etemadi, O. (2015). The Effect of Counseling-Based on ACT on the Quality of Life of Women Attending the Cultural Centers of the City. Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(1), 42-53.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html
Improving Body Image of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. ACT vs waitlist. N=40.
Abbasi, M., Porzoor, P., Moazedi, K., & Aslani, T. (2015). The Effectiveness of ACT on Improving Body Image of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. The Journal of Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 15(1), 15-24.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.html
OCD symptoms. ACT vs. SSRIs vs. combination. N =32.
Vakili, Y., Gharaee, B., & Habibi, M. (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors and their combination in the improvement of Obsessive-Compulsive symptoms and experiential avoidance in patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavior Science, 9(2).
DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs845
Catastrophic and Disabling Pain in Chronic Pelvic Pain in Females. ACT vs waitlist. N=22.
Rezaeian, M., Ebrahimi, A., & Zargham, M. (2015). The Effect of ACT on Catastrophic and Disabling Pain in Chronic Pelvic Pain in Females. The Journal of Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 4(2), 17-30.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_17344_5c1ef41e44badb81de22fa54c64eb5c4.pdf?lang=en
Attitudes and behavior toward personality disordered clients. ACT vs. psychoeducation. N=145.
Clarke, S., Taylor, G., Lancaster, J., & Remington, B. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy–based self-management versus psychoeducation training for staff caring for clients with a personality disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Personality Disorders, 29(2), 163-176.
DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2014_28_149
Psychological flexibility and HIV. ACT vs. post-HIV test counseling (Solomon 4-group). N=144.
Ishola, A. G., & Chipps, J. (2015). The use of mobile phones to deliver acceptance and commitment therapy in the prevention of mother-child HIV transmission in Nigeria. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 21(8), 423-426.
DOI: 10.1177/1357633X15605408
Social anxiety. ACT vs. CBT vs. control. N=21.
Ko, Y-J., & Kim, J. M. (2015). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on female university students with social anxiety disorder. Korean Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 31(2), 175-197.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ksebd.org
Event centrality in people experiencing event-related distress. ACT or CBT based expressive writing or control. N=79
Boals, A., Murrell, A.R., Berntsen, D., Southard-Dobbs, S., Agtarap, S. (2015). Experimentally reducing event centrality using a modified expressive writing intervention. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(4), 269-276.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.10.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression and well being in diabetic children. ACT vs. No treatment. N=34
Ataie Moghanloo V, Ataie Moghanloo R, Moazezi M. (2015). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Depression, Psychological Well-Being and Feeling of Guilt in 7 - 15 Years Old Diabetic Children. Iran J Pediatr., 25(4), e2436.
DOI: 10.5812/ijp.2436
Negative body image thoughts. Defusion and distraction with or w/o experiential exercise and a control task. N=235.
Mandavia, A., Masuda, A., Moore, M., Mendoza, H., Donati, M.R., Cohen, L.L. (2015). The application of a cognitive defusion technique to negative body image thoughts: A preliminary analogue investigation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(2), 86-95.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.02.003
Full Text: Available through DOI
Various. ACT vs. Control. N=15.
Hong, M. N., & Son, C. N. (2015). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on somatic symptoms, somato-sensory amplification, self-absorption, and experiential avoidance of university students with somatic symptoms. The Korean Journal of Stress Research, 23, 127-135.
DOI: 10.17547/kjsr.2015.23.3.127
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Exercise. ACT + Music vs. Music. N=39.
Ivanova, E., Jensen, D., Cassoff, J., Gu, F., & Knäuper, B. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy improves exercise tolerance in sedentary women. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47, 1251-1258.
DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000536
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Exercise. ACT vs. Implementation instruction. N=32.
Ivanova, E., Yaakoba-Zohar, N., Jensen, D., Cassoff, J., & Knauper, B. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy and implementation intentions increase exercise enjoyment and long-term exercise behavior among low-active women. Current Psychology, 35, 108-114.
DOI: 10.1007/s12144-015-9349-3
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress / Self-efficacy. ACT vs. No treatment. N=40.
Moazzezi, M., Ataie Moghanloo, V., Ataie Moghanloo, R. et al. (2015). Impact of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress and special health self-efficacy in seven to fifteen-year-old children with diabetes mellitus. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, 9:e956
DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs956
Full Text: Available at DOI
Exercise. ACT + Feedback vs. Feedback. N=138.
Kangasniemi, A. M., Lappalainen, R., Kankaanpää, A., Tolvanen, A., & Tammelin, T. (2015). Towards a physically more active lifestyle based on one's own values: The results of a randomized controlled trial among physically inactive adults. BMC Public Health, 15, 260.
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1604-x
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=57.
Kohtala, A., Lappalainen, R., Savonen, L., Timo, E., & Tolvanen, A. (2015). A four-session acceptance and commitment therapy based intervention for depressive symptoms delivered by masters degree level psychology students: A preliminary study. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43, 360-373.
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465813000969
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
Kohtala, A., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2017). What happens after five years?: The long-term effects of a four-session Acceptance and Commitment Therapy delivered by student therapists for depressive symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(2), 230-238.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.03.003 (not counted separately from the study above)
Exercise. ACT + Walking vs. Walking. N=59.
Moffitt, R. & Mohr, P. (2015). The efficacy of a self-managed acceptance and commitment therapy intervention DVD for physical activity initiation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 115-129.
DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12098
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Panic Disorder / Agoraphobia. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=43.
Gloster, A. T., Sonntag, R., Hoyer, J., Meyer, A. H., Heinze, S., Ströhle, A., Eifert, G., & Wittchen, H. (2015). Treating treatment-resistant patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia using psychotherapy: A randomized controlled switching trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84, 100-109.
DOI: 10.1159/000370162
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. ACT + Education vs. TAU. N=40.
Dindo, L., Marchman, J., Gindes, H., & Fiedorowicz, J. G. (2015). A brief behavioral intervention targeting mental health risk factors for vascular disease: A pilot study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84, 183-185.
DOI: 10.1159/000371495
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=60.
Davies, C. D., Niles, A. N., Pittig, A., Arch, J. J. & Craske, M. G. (2015). Physiological and behavioral indices of emotion dysregulation as predictors of outcome from cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 46, 35-43.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2014.08.002
Full Text: ACBS Website
Aggression. ACT vs. Support and discussion. N=101.
Zarling, A., Lawrence, E., & Marchman, J. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for aggressive behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 199-212.
DOI: 10.1037/a0037946
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Shahab, M. (2015). The Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the anxiety of female teenagers of Tehran City. The International Journal of Indian Psychology, 2(3).
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depressionin caregivers. ACT vs. CBT. N=135.
Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., Mausbach, B. T., López, J., Fernández-Fernández, V., & Nogales-González, C. (2015). Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for dementia family caregivers with significant depressive symptoms: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 760-772.
DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000028
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. Expressive writing vs. Waitlist. N=238.
Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Veehof, M. M., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2015). Internet-based guided self-help intervention for chronic pain based on acceptance and commitment therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 66-80.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9579-0
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J. & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2015). Psychological flexibility and catastrophizing as associated change mechanisms during online Acceptance & Commitment Therapy for chronic pain. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 74, 50-59.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.09.001 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E.T., Lamers Sanne M. A., Schreurs Karlein M. G. (2016). Positive Psychological Wellbeing Is Required for Online Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain to be Effective. Frontiers in Psychology, 7, 353.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00353 (not counted separately from the study above)
Various. ACT vs. Individual support. N=66 / N=32.
Livheim, F., Hayes, L., Ghaderi, A., Magnusdottir, T., Högfeldt, A., Rowse, J., Turner, S., Hayes, S. C., & Tengström, A. (2015). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescent mental health: Swedish and Australian pilot outcomes. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24, 1016-1030.
DOI: 10.1007/s10826-014-9912-9
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stigma toward patients. ACT vs. DBT. N=100.
Clarke, S., Taylor, G., Bolderston, H., Lancaster, J., & Remington, B. (2015). Ameliorating patient stigma amongst staff working with personality disorder: Randomized controlled trial of self-management versus skills training. Behavioural And Cognitive Psychotherapy, 43, 692-704.
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465814000320
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Nasiri, A., & Kazemi-Zahrani, H. (2015). The effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy on pain intensity, pain catastrophizing and pain-associated anxiety in patients with chronic pain. Asian Social Science, 11, 112-120.
DOI: 10.5539/ass.v11n26p112
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Depression. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=39.
Lappalainen, P., Langrial, S., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2015). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for depressive symptoms with minimal support: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Modification, 39(6), 805-834.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445515598142
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Parenting. ACT + Stepping Stones Triple P vs. TAU. N=59.
Brown, F. L., Whittingham, K., Boyd, R. N., McKinlay, L., & Sofronoff, K. (2015). Does stepping stones triple p plus acceptance and commitment therapy improve parent, couple, and family adjustment following paediatric acquired brain injury? A randomised controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 73, 58-66.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2015.07.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Emotion regulation in substance abuse. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=32.
George, B. (2015). Efficacy of acceptance and mindful based relapse prevention program on emotion regulation difficulty among alcoholics in Kerala India. Journal of Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, 3:205.
DOI: 10.4172/2329-6488.1000205
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. Applied Relaxation. N=60.
Kemani, M. K., Olsson, G. L., Lekander, M., Hesser, H., Andersson, E., & Wicksell, R. K. (2015). Efficacy and cost-effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and applied relaxation for longstanding pain: A randomized controlled trial. Th Clinical Journal of Pain, 31, 1004-1016.
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0000000000000203
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Substance Abuse. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=52.
Thekiso, B., Murphy, P., Milnes. J., Lambe, K., Curtin, A., & Farren, C. K. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of alcohol use disorder and comorbid affective disorder: A pilot matched control trial. Behavior Therapy, 46, 717-728.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2015.05.005
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress in students. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=68.
Pülschen, S., & Pülschen, D. (2015). Preparation for teacher collaboration in inclusive classrooms – Stress reduction for special education students via acceptance and commitment training: A controlled study. Journal of Molecular Psychiatry, 3, 8.
DOI: 10.1186/s40303-015-0015-3
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression with psychosis. ACT + Behavioral Activation vs. TAU + Enhanced assessment and monitoring. N=13.
Gaudiano, B. A., Busch, A. M., Wenze, S. J., Nowlan, K., Epstein-Lubow, G., & Miller, I. W. (2015). Acceptance-based behavior therapy for depression with psychosis: Results from a pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychiatric Practice, 21, 320-333.
DOI: 10.1097/PRA.0000000000000092
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Weight Loss. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Nourian, L., & Aghaei, A. (2015). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the body mass index in women afflicted with obesity. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 3, 11-20.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website [Manuscript not in English]
2014 (n = 44)
Pain tolerance. Acceptance vs. mindful breathing vs. personalized coping. N=58.
Forsyth, L., & Hayes, L. (2014). The effects of acceptance of thoughts, mindful awareness of breathing, and spontaneous coping on an experimentally induced pain task. Psychological Record, 64, 447–455.
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-014-0010-6
Social problem solving in college students. ACT vs. control. N=60.
Haenjohn, J. (2014). A development of acceptance and commitment training program on enhancing social problem solving of undergraduate students. Journal of Education Burapha University, 25(3), 98-112.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: tci-thailand.org
Psychological wellness of students. ABBT vs. waitlist. N=98.
Danitz, S. B., & Orsillo, S. M. (2014). The Mindful Way Through the Semester: An Investigation of the Effectiveness of an Acceptance-Based Behavioral Therapy Program on Psychological Wellness in First-Year Students. Behavior Modification, 38(4), 549–566.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445513520218
Perception of treatment for palliative care. ACT vs. Cognitive therapy. N=104.
Sussman, J., & Liu, W. (2014). Perceptions of two therapeutic approaches for palliative care patients experiencing death anxiety. Palliative and Supportive Care, 12(4), 251-260.
DOI: 10.1017/S1478951513000199
Chronic Pain. ACT plus usual care vs usual care. N=73.
McCracken, L.M., Sato, A., Wainwright, D., House, W., & Taylor, G.J. (2014). A feasibility study of brief group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain in general practice: recruitment, attendance, and patient views. Primary Health Care Research & Development, 15(3), 312 – 323.
DOI: 10.1017/S1463423613000273
Moral Disgust, Shame, and Guilt in Posttraumatic Stress. Comprehensive distancing (ACT) vs. Cognitive challenge task. N=45.
Ojserkis, R., McKay, D., Badour, C. L., Feldner, M. T., Arocho, J., & Dutton, C. (2014). Alleviation of moral disgust, shame, and guilt in posttraumatic stress reactions. Behavior Modification, 38(6), 801–836.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445514543465
Depression in young women. ACT vs wait list. N=31.
Kim H, and Park K. (2014). The Effects of Process Variables in Acceptance Commitment Therapy for Women’s Depression. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 33, 429-460.
Full Text: https://www.dbpia.co.kr/journal/articleDetail?nodeId=NODE06371724#none
Chronic pain. ACT vs. control. N=30.
Anvari, M., Ebrahimi, A., Taher Neshatdoost, H., Afshar, H., & Abedi, A. (2014). The Effectiveness of Group-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on pain-related anxiety, acceptance of pain and pain intensity in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Isfahan Medical School (I.U.M.S), 32(295), 1-10.
Full Text: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=407875
Social anxiety. ACT vs. wait list. N=78.
Kwon, S., & Chung, H. (2014). Effects of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy program on psychological adjustment of university students with a high level of social anxiety. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 14, 145-164.
Full Text: http://www.earticle.net/ASP/Article/232155
Mental health of alcohol dependent in-patients. ACT vs. treatment as usual. N=24.
Narae, J., Lee, M. (2014). Effects of Acceptance-Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Mental Health of Inpatients with Alcohol Dependence. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology,19(4), 909-927.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2014.19.4.003
Psychosocial distress in adolescents. ACT based school program vs waitlist. N=210.
Theodore-Oklota, C., Orsillo, S.M., Lee, J.K., Vernig, P.M. (2014). A pilot of an acceptance-based risk reduction program for relational aggression for adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(2), 109-116.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.03.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Resilience in Childhood Trauma. ACT vs. Control. N=28.
Noh, P.R. & Son, C.N. (2014). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on self-esteem, interpersonal problem, and ego resilience of adolescent with childhood trauma. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 19(4), 885-907.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2014.19.4.002
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=18.
Yadegari, L., Hashemiyan, K., & Abolmaali, K. (2014). Effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on young people with social anxiety. International Journal of Scientific Research in Knowledge, 2, 395-403.
DOI: 10.12983/ijsrk-2014-p0395-0403
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Social Phobia. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=34.
Molavi, P., Mikaeili, N., Rahimi, N., & Mehri, S. (2014). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based on reducing anxiety and depression in students with social phobia. Journal of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, 14, 412-423.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Fibromyalgia. ACT vs. Medications vs. Waitlist. N=156.
Luciano, J. V., Gullar, J. A., Aguado, J., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Olivan, B., Magallón, R., Alda, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., Gilli, M., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2014). Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia: A 6-month randomized controlled trial (EFFIGACT study). Pain, 155, 693-702.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.029
Full Text: ACBS Website
Economic Analysis
Luciano, J.V., D'Amico, F., Feliu-Soler, A., McCracken, L., Aguado, J., Peñarrubia-María, M.T., Knapp, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., & García-Campayo, J. (2017). Cost-Utility of Group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Fibromyalgia Versus Recommended Drugs: An Economic Analysis Alongside a 6-Month Randomized Controlled Trial Conducted in Spain (EFFIGACT Study). The Journal of Pain, 18(7), 868-880.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2017.03.001 (not counted separately from the study above)
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. No treatment. N=40.
Rostami, M., Veisi, N, Dehkordi, F. J., & Alkasir, E. (2014). Social anxiety in students with learning disability: Benefits of acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 2, 277-284.
Retrieved from: http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-201-en.html
Full Text: ACBS Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=51.
Avdagic, E., Morrissey, S. A. & Boschen, M. J. (2014). A randomised controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behaviour therapy for generalised anxiety disorder. Behaviour Change, 31, 110-130.
DOI: 10.1017/bec.2014.5
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=120.
McConachie, D. A. J., McKenzie, K., Morris, P. G., & Walley, R. M. (2014). Acceptance and mindfulness-based stress management for support staff caring for individuals with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 1216-1227.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.005
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. CBT vs. Waitlist. N=50.
Lanza, P. V., García, P. F., Lamelas, F. R., & González-Menéndez, A. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of substance use disorder with incarcerated women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 644-657.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22060
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=73.
Ly, K. H., Asplund, K., & Andersson, G. (2014). Stress management for middle managers via an acceptance and commitment-based smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 1, 95-101.
DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.06.003
Full Text: ACBS Website
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=50.
Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Arch, J. J., Lieberman, M. D., Saxbe, D., & Craske M. G. (2014). Cognitive mediators of treatment for social anxiety disorder: Comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavior Therapy, 45, 664-677.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2014.04.006
Full Text: ACBS Website
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=87.
Craske, M. G., Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Vilardaga, J., Arch, J. J., Saxbe, D. E., & Lieberman, M. D. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82, 1034-1048.
DOI: 10.1037/a0037212
Full Text: ACBS Website (not counted separately from the study above
Distress for students with autism. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=28.
Pahnke, J., Lundgren, T., Hursti, T., & Hirvikoski, T. (2014). Outcomes of an acceptance and commitment therapy-based skills training group for students with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder: A quasi-experimental pilot study. Autism, 18, 953-964.
DOI: 10.1177/1362361313501091
Full Text: ACBS Website
Mental health in chronic pain / Headaches. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Gharaei-Ardakani, SH., Tavallaie, S. A., Dehghanizadeh, Z., Tork, M., Eydi-Baygi, M., & Nikbakhsh, H. (2014). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on mental health in women with chronic pain. Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences, 3(8), 78-83.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Internalized stigma in persons with schizophrenia. ACT + TAU vs. TAU. N=24.
Minkesh, C., & Masroor, J. (2014). Reducing internalized stigma of mental illness among patients with schizophrenia using acceptance and commitment therapy. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 94-101.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. CBT. N=37.
González-Menéndez, A., Fernández, P., Rodríguez, F., & Villagrá, P. (2014). Long-term outcomes of acceptance and commitment therapy in drug-dependent female inmates: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 14, 18-27.
DOI: 10.1016/S1697-2600(14)70033-X
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Quality of Life. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=73.
Yadavaia, J. E., Hayes, S. C., & Vilardaga, R. (2014). Using acceptance and commitment therapy to increase self-compassion: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(4), 248-257.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.09.002
Full Text: ACBS Website
Parenting. ACT + Stepping Stones Triple P (SSTP) vs. SSTP vs. Waitlist. N=67.
Whittingham, K. Sanders, M., McKinlay, L., & Boyd, R. N. (2014). Interventions to reduce behavioral problems in children with cerebral palsy: An RCT. Pediatrics, 133, 1-9.
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-3620
Full Text: ACBS Website
Smoking. ACT vs. Standard Treatment. N=196.
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Kientz, J. A.,Vilardaga, R., Mercer, L. D., Akioka, K. .J, & Heffner, J. L. (2014). Randomized, controlled pilot trial of a smartphone app for smoking cessation using acceptance and commitment therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143, 87-94.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.006
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking. ACT vs. CBT. N=121.
Bricker, J. B., Bush, T., Zbikowski, S. M., Mercer, L. D., & Heffner, J. L. (2014). Randomized trial of telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 1446-1454.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntu102
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. ACT vs. CBT. N=61.
Clarke, S., Kingston, J., James, K., Bolderston, H., & Remington, B. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy group for treatment-resistant participants: A randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 179-188.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.005
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight Loss. ACT vs. Assessment Only. N=58.
Katterman, S. N., Goldstein, S. P., Butryn, M. L., Forman, E. M., & Lowe, M. R. (2014). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight gain prevention in young adult women. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(1), 45-50.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.10.003
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Parenting. ACT + Stepping Stones Triple P vs. TAU. N=59.
Brown, F. L., Whittingham, K., Boyd, R. N., McKinlay, L., & Sofronoff, K. (2014). Improving child and parenting outcomes following paediatric acquired brain injury: A randomised controlled trial of stepping stones triple p plus acceptance and commitment therapy. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55, 1172-83.
DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12227
Full Text: ACBS Website
Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Rafiee, M., Sedrpoushan, N., & Abedi. M. R. (2014). Study and investigate the effect of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing anxiety symptoms and body image dissatisfaction in obese women in Isfahan. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 2, 187-190.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Diabetes. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=24.
Hoseini, S. M., Rezaei, A. M., & Azadi, M. M. (2014). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on the self-management of Type 2 diabetes patients. Journal of Clinical Psychology [Iran], 5, 55-64.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website [Manuscript not in English]
OCD symptoms. ACT vs. medication group vs. ACT+medication. N=75.
Baghooli, H., Dolatshahi, B., Mohammadkhani, P., Moshtagh, N., & Naziri, G. (2014). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reduction of severity symptoms of patients with obsessive--compulsive disorder. Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(7), 2519-24.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: https://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb_May_2014.html
Depression. ACT vs. CT. N=19.
Tamannaeifar, S., Gharraee, B., Birashk, B. & Habibi, M. (2014). A comparative effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and group cognitive therapy for major depressive disorder. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Science, 16(10), 60-63.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=20.
Ghomian, S. & Shairi, M. R. (2014). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for children with chronic pain on the quality of life of 7 to 12 year-old children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2, 47-55.
DOI: 10.22038/IJP.2014.2995
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=20.
Ghomian, S., & Shairi, M. R. (2014). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy for children with chronic pain (CHACT) on the function of 7 to 12 year-old children. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2, 195-203.
DOI: 10.22038/IJP.2014.2569
Full Text: Available at DOI (not counted separately from the study above)
Depression in cancer patients. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Mojtabaie, M., & Asghari, N. (2014). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to reduce the symptoms of depression in women with breast cancer. Indian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Life Sciences, 4, 522-527.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT In-Person vs. ACT Online. N=38.
Lappalainen, P., Granlund, A., Siltanen, S., Ahonen, S., Vitikainen, M., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2014). ACT Internet-based vs. face-to-face? A randomized controlled trial of two ways to deliver acceptance and commitment therapy for depressive symptoms: An 18-month follow-up. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 43-54.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.006
Full Text: ACBS Website
Prevention of mental health problems in college students. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=76.
Levin, M. E., Pistorello, J., Seeley, J. R., & Hayes, S. C. (2014). Feasibility of a prototype web-based acceptance and commitment therapy prevention program for college students. Journal of American College Health, 62, 20-30.
DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2013.843533
Full Text: ACBS Website
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT vs. SSRI. N=32.
Vakili, Y., Gharraee, B., Habibi, M., Lavasani, F., & Rasoolian, M. (2014). The comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 16(10), 10-14.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website
Treatment attendance. Acceptance letter with or without ACT content. N = 66.
Williston, M. A., Block-Lerner, J., Wolanin, A., & Gardner, F. (2014). Brief acceptance-based intervention for increasing intake attendance at a community mental health center. Psychological Services, 11(3), 324–332.
DOI: 10.1037/a0035686
Pain tolerance. Acceptance vs. distraction vs. placebo. N = 186.
Kehoe, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Bond, F., & Foody, M. (2014). Systematic analyses of the effects of acceptance on tolerance of radiant heat pain. The Psychological Record, 64, 41–51.
DOI: 10.1007/s40732-014-0003-5
2013 (n = 37)
Cancer. ACT vs. TAU. N=410.
Hawkes, A. L., Chambers, S. K., Pakenham, K. I., Patrao, T. A., Baade, P. D., Lynch, B. M., Aitken, J. F., Meng, X., & Courneya, K. S. (2013). Effects of a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention (CanChange) on health and behavioral outcomes in survivors of colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 2313-2321.
DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.5873
Secondary Analysis
Hawkes, A. L., Pakenham, K. I., Chambers, S. K., Patrao, T. A., & Courneya, K. S. (2014). Effects of a multiple health behavior change intervention for colorectal cancer survivors on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life: A randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48, 359-257.
DOI: 10.1007/s12160-014-9610-2
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
Hawkes, A. L., Patrao, T. A., Baade, P., Lynch, B. M., & Courneya, K. S. (2015). Predictors of physical activity in colorectal cancer survivors after participation in a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention. Journal of cancer survivorship : research and practice, 9(1), 40–49.
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-014-0389-8
Economic Outcome
Gordon, L. G., Patrao, T., Kularatna, S., & Hawkes, A. L. (2015). A telephone-delivered multiple health behaviour change intervention for colorectal cancer survivors: making the case for cost-effective healthcare. European journal of cancer care, 24(6), 854–861.
DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12345
Smoking. ACT Online vs. Smokefree.gov. N=222.
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 15, 1756-1764.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt056
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
Jones, H.A. Heffner, J.L., Mercer, L., Wyszynski, C.M, Vilardaga, R., & Bricker, J.B. (2015). Web-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Smoking Cessation Treatment for Smokers With Depressive Symptoms. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 11(1), 56-62.
DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2014.992588 (not counted separately from the study above)
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=100.
Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2013). The value of psychological flexibility: Examining psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for burnout. Work & Stress, 27, 181-199.
DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2013.782157
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Generalized Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs. Applied Relaxation. N=86.
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2013). A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance-based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 761-773.
DOI: 10.1037/a0032871
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Pain. ACT App + Website vs. Website. N=140.
Kristjánsdóttir, Ó. B., Fors, E. A., Eide, E., Finset, A., Stensrud, T. L., van Dulmen, S., Wigers, S. H., & Eide, H. (2013). A smartphone-based intervention with diaries and therapist-feedback to reduce catastrophizing and increase functioning in women with chronic widespread pain: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15, 1-17.
DOI: 0.2196/jmir.2249
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Smoking. ACT vs. Standard treatment. N=49.
Brown, R. A., Palm Reed, K. M., Litvin Bloom, E., Minami, H., Strong, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Gifford, E. V., & Hayes, S. C. (2013). Development and preliminary randomized controlled trial of a distress tolerance treatment for smokers with a history of early lapse. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15, 2005-2015.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt093
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Interpersonal stress of low-income children. ACT vs CBT vs no treatment. N=36.
Cho, H. A. (2013). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on interpersonal relationship stress of low-income children. Korean Journal of Counseling, 14(6), 3811-3828.
DOI: 10.15703/kjc.14.6.201312.3811
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=42.
Biglan, A., Layton, G. L., Backen Jones, L., Hankins, M. & Rusby, J. C. (2013). The value of workshops on psychological flexibility for early childhood special education staff. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 32, 196-210.
DOI: 10.1177/0271121411425191
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT + ABA Training vs. ABA Training. N=34.
Bethay, J. S., Wilson, K. G., Schnetzer, L. W., Nassar, S. L., & Bordieri, M. J. (2013). A controlled pilot evaluation of acceptance and commitment training for intellectual disability staff. Mindfulness, 4, 113-121.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-012-0103-8
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=30.
Mehrdoost, Z., Neshatdoost, H., & Abedi, A. (2013). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the decrease of self-focused attention and improving self-efficacy. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods, 3(11), 67-81.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Scientific Information Database
Stress. ACT vs. Attention placebo. N=96.
Hosseinaei, A., Ahadi, H., Fata, L., Heidarei, A., & Mazaheri, M. M. (2013). Effects of group acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based training on job stress and burnout. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 19, 109-120.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: ACBS Website [Manuscript not in English]
Depression. ACT vs. CBT. N=27.
Zhao, W., Zhou, Y., Liu, X., & Ran, L. (2013). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on depression. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21, 153-157.
DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2013.01.012
Full Text: China Asia On Demand
Social Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=137.
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Hawley, L. L., Huta, V. & Antony, M. M. (2013). Mindfulness and acceptance-based group therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral group therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 889-898.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.10.007
Full Text: ACBS Website
Eating disorders. ACT vs. TAU. N=140.
Juarascio, A., Shaw, J., Forman, E., Timko, C. A., Herbert, J., Butryn, M., Bunnell, D., Matteucci, A. & Lowe, M. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a novel treatment for eating disorders: An initial test of efficacy and mediation. Behavior Modification, 37, 459-489.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445513478633
Full Text: ACBS Website
Fibromyalgia. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=40.
Wicksell, R. K., Kemani, M., Jensen, K., Kosek, E., Kadetoff, D., Sorjonen, K., Ingvar, M. & Olsson, G. L. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia: A randomized controlled trial. European Journal of Pain, 17, 599-611.
DOI: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00224.x
Full Text: ACBS Website
Fibromyalgia. ACT vs. Education. N=28.
Steiner, J. L., Bogusch, L., & Bigatti, S. M., (2013). Values-based action in fibromyalgia: Results from a randomized pilot of acceptance and commitment therapy. Health Psychology Research, 1, 176-181.
DOI: 10.4082/hpr.2013.e34
Full Text: ACBS Website
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=73.
McCracken, L. M., Sato, A., & Taylor, G. J. (2013). A trial of a brief group-based Form of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for chronic pain in general practice: Pilot outcome and process results. The Journal of Pain, 14, 1398-1406.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.06.011
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight Loss. ACT vs. TAU. N=128.
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Juarascio, A. S., Bradley, L. E., Lowe, M. R., Herbert, J. D., & Shaw, J. A. (2013). The mind your health project: A randomized controlled trial of an innovative behavioral treatment for obesity. Obesity, 21, 1119-1126.
DOI: 10.1002/oby.20169
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Weight Loss. Acceptance-Based Coping vs. Cognitive-Based Coping. N=48.
Forman, E. M., Hoffman, K. L., Juarascio, A. S., Butryn, M. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2013). Comparison of acceptance-based and standard cognitive-based coping strategies for craving sweets in overweight and obese women. Eating Behaviors, 14, 64-68.
DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2012.10.016
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance use by incarcerated Women. ACT vs. Waiting List. N=31.
Villagrá Lanza, P., & González Menéndez, A. (2013). Acceptanceand Commitment Therapy for drug abuse in incarcerated women. Psicothema, 25(3), 307-312.
DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2012.292
Depression / Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=24.
Lappalainen, P., Kaipainen, K., Lappalainen, R., Hoffrén, H., Myllymäki, T., Kinnunen, M., Mattila, E., Happonen, A. P., Rusko, H., & Korhonen, I. (2013). Feasibility of a personal health technology-based psychological intervention for men with stress and mood problems: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2, e1.
DOI: 10.2196/resprot.2389
Full Text: The National Center for Biotechnology Information
Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=10.
Alonso, M. A., Lopez, A., Losada, A., & Gonzalez, J. L. (2013). Acceptance And Commitment Therapy and selective optimization with compensation for older people with chronic pain: A pilot study. Psicologia Conductual, 21, 59-79.
Gale Document Number: GALE|A328944068
Full Text: ACBS Website.
Depression / Anxiety. ACT self-help vs. Waitlist. N=376.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Spinhoven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 142-151.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.007
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT + Behavioral Activation vs. Waitlist. N=80.
Carlbring, P., Hägglund, M., Luthström, A., Dahlin, M., Kadowaki, A., Vernmark, K., & Andersson, G. (2013). Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 331-337.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.020
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. Online Discussion. N=76.
Buhrman, M., Skoglund, A., Husell, J., Bergström, K., Gordh, T., Hursti, T., Bendelin, N., Furmark, T. & Andersson, G. (2013). Guided internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 307-315.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.010
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT Workshop + Follow-up vs. ACT Workshop. N=20.
Luoma, J. B. & Vilardaga, J. P. (2013). Improving therapist psychological flexibility while training acceptance and commitment therapy: A pilot study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42, 1-8.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2012.701662
Full Text: ACBS Website
Alcohol Use Disorder. ACT vs. Control. N=17.
Lee, J. H., & Son, C. N. (2013). The Effects of the acceptance-commitment group therapy (ACT) on the self-control, psychological well-being, experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion in alcoholics. The Korean Journal of Stress Research, 21(1), 41-50.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: www.stressresearch.or.kr
Avoidance and valued actions of chronically mentally ill. ACT vs TAU. N = 24
Salgado, C. F., Luciano, C. S., & Gurtierrez, O. (2013). Eficacia de la terapia de aceptación y compromiso en personas con trastorno mental crónico. Un ensayo aleatorizado. Informaciones Psiquiátricas, 214, 385-401.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://www.informacionespsiquiatricas.com/anteriores/214_inf_psiq.pdf
Craving and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Methamphetamine Addicts. ACT vs Mindfulness (12 sessions each). N=34.
Kiani, A., Ghasemi, N., & Pourabbas, A. (2013). The comparison of the efficacy of group psychotherapy based on ACT, and mindfulness on craving and cognitive emotion regulation in methamphetamine addicts. The Journal of Etiadpajohi, 6(24), 27-36.
DOI: No DOI
Retrieved from: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-308-en.html
Believability of change agenda in social anxiety. Creative Hopelessness vs. psychoeducation vs. placebo. N=35.
Sakai, M., Masuda, A., Kishita, N., & Muto, T. (2013). The effects of creative hopelessness on the avoidant behaviors of undergraduate students with high social avoidance tendency: Focused on subjective evaluations of “Change Agenda." Japanese Journal of Research on Emotions, 21(2), 58-64.
DOI: 10.4092/jsre.21.58
Speech anxiety. ACT vs. no treatment. N=38.
Kim, S., Baik, J. (2013). The Effects of Acceptance-Commitment Group Therapy on College Students' Speech Anxiety -Based on Cognitive Defusion Techniques. Journal of the Korean Psychological Association: Counseling and Psychological Therapy, 25(1), 19-40.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: www.kci.go.kr
Depression and suicidal thoughts in college students. ACT vs. control. N=18.
Yang, S. & Shin, H. (2013) The Effects of Acceptance-Dedicated Group Program on Psychological Acceptance, Psychological Well-being, Depression and Suicidal Thoughts of Depressed University Students. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(4), 761-782.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2013.32.4.001
Attachment anxiety. ACT vs. control. N=16.
Seok, J. & Son, J. (2013) The Effects of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Oriented Programs on Attachment Anxiety and Social Anxiety of Immersive Attachment College Students. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), pp.627-642
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.4.003
Problem drinking, alcohol expectancy, and perceived stress. ACT vs control group. N=14.
Jo, Y. J., & Son, C. N. (2013). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on problem drinking behavior, alcohol expectancy, and perceived stress of the college students with problem drinking. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(3), 445-464.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.3.002
Interpersonal anxiety. ACT vs control group. N=18.
Kim, M. O. and Son, C. N. (2013). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on interpersonal anxiety, stress coping style, and social self-efficacy of college students with interpersonal anxiety. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(2), 301-321.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.2.004
Study stress among adolescents. ACT vs control group. N=16.
Heo, Y. S., & Son, C. N. (2013). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional clarity, avoidant emotion regulation, and study-related stress of adolescent with emotion dysregulation. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(4), 603-626.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.4.002
Social avoidance in speech anxious students. ACT vs control group. N=22.
Kim, J. M., & Son, C. N. (2013). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on social avoidance and self-focused attention of college student with speech anxiety. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 18(2), 267-283.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2013.18.2.002
2012 (n = 21)
Anger, Problematic Behavior and Self-Esteem in adolescents. ACT vs. control group. N=22.
Jang, S. Y, & Son, C. N. (2012). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anger, problematic behavior and self-esteem of adolescents in school maladjustment. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(4), 1059-1076.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.4.010
Anxiety and/or depression in multiple sclerosis. ACT vs relaxationtraining. N=21.
Nordin L, & Rorsman I. (2012). Cognitive behavioural therapy in multiple sclerosis: A randomized controlled pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine,44(1), 87-90.
DOI: 10.2340/16501977-0898
Negative impact of command hallucinations. ACT vs befriending. N=60.
Shawyer, F., Farhall, J., Mackinnon, A., Trauer, T., Sims, E., Ratcliff, K., Larner, C., Thomas, N., Castle, D., Mullen, P., & Copolov, D. (2012). A randomised controlled trial of acceptance-based cognitive behavioural therapy for command hallucinations in psychotic disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(2), 110-21.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.11.007
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Public Speaking Anxiety. ACT vs. Control. N=28.
Kim, H. E., & Kim, D. Y. (2012). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on anxiety thought, anxiety sensitivity, and acceptive attitude: Focused on public speaking anxiety. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 17(2), 299-310.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.2.001
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript in Korean]
Anxiety. ACT vs. CBT. N=128.
Arch, J. J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Rose, R. D., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 750-765.
DOI: 10.1037/a0028310
Full Text: ACBS Website
Mediational Analysis
Arch, J. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Eifert, G. H., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(7–8), 469-478.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.04.007 (not counted separately from the study above)
Perfectionism. ACT vs. control group. N=18.
Kim, J. E., & Son, C. N. (2012). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on evaluative concerns perfectionism, fear of negative evaluation, experiential avoidance, and self-efficacy of university students with evaluative concerns perfectionism. The Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(3), 749-771.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2012.31.3.007
Emotional identification, emotional expressiveness and negative belief. ACT vs control group. N=18.
Seo, M. J., & Kim, D. Y. (2012). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional identification, emotional expressiveness and negative belief of university students with an experience of childhood emotional abuse. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 17(3), 557-572.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.3.001
Depressed mood in college students. ACT vs. control. N=28.
Cho, H. J. (2012). The development and effect of an ACT program based on lovingkindness meditation for depressive students. The Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 24(4), 827-846.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: dbpia.co.kr
Depression. ACT Bibliotherapy + Email Support vs. ACT Bibliotherapy vs. Waitlist. N=376.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Pieterse, M. E., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy as guided self-help for psychological distress and positive mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Psychological Medicine, 42, 485-495.
DOI: 10.1017/S0033291711001206
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Lamers, S. M. A., & Fledderus, M. (2015). Flourishing in people with depressive symptomology increases with acceptance and commitment therapy. Post-hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 65, 101-106.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.014
Full Text: ACBS Website (not counted separately from the study above)
Obesity. ACT vs. TAU. N=39.
Weineland, S., Arvidsson, D., Kakoulidis, T., & Dahl, J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy for bariatric surgery patients, a pilot RCT. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 6, e21-e30.
DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.04.004
Full Text: ACBS Website
Anxiety. Acceptance-Based Exposure vs. Habituation-Based Exposure. N=45.
England, E. L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Rabin, S. J., Juarascio, A., & Goldstein, S. P. (2012). Acceptance-based exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1, 66-72.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.07.001
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. TAU. N=56.
Stotts, A. L., Green, C., Masuda, A., Grabowski, J., Wilson, K., Northrup, T. F., Moeller, F. G., & Schmitz, J. (2012). A Stage I pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy for methadone detoxification. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125, 215-222.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.02.015
Full Text: ACBS Website
Cancer. ACT vs. CT. N=31.
Rost, A. D., Wilson, K. G., Buchanan, E., Hildebrandt, M.J., & Mutch, D. (2012). Improving psychological adjustment among late-stage ovarian cancer patients: Examining the role of avoidance in treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 508-517.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.01.003
Full Text: ACBS Website
Eating Disorders. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=73.
Pearson, A. N., Follette, V. M. & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy as a workshop intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 181-197.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.03.001
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Mo’tamedi, H., Rezaiemaram, P., & Tavallaie, A. (2012). The effectiveness of a group-based acceptance and commitment additive therapy on rehabilitation of female outpatients with chronic headache: Preliminary findings reducing 3 dimensions of headache impact. Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain, 52, 1106-1119.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-4610.2012.02192.x
Full Text: ACBS Website
Borderline Personality Disorder. ACT vs. TAU. N=41.
Morton, J., Snowdon, S., Gopold, M. & Guymer, E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment for symptoms of borderline personality disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 527-544.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.03.005
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. TAU. N=133.
Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C. & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 43-51.
DOI: 10.1037/a0026070
Full Text: ACBS Website
Cheronic Pain. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=43.
Jensen, K. B., Kosek, E., Wicksell, R., Kemani, M., Olsson, G., Merle, J. V., Kadetoff, D., & Ingvar, M. (2012). Treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy increases pain-evoked activation of the prefrontal cortex in patients suffering from chronic pain. Pain, 153, 1495-1503.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2012.04.010
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress and well being of teachers. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=236.
Jeffcoat, T. & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A randomized trial of ACT bibliotherapy on the mental health of K-12 teachers and staff. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 571-579.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.008
Full Text: ACBS Website
Tinnitus. ACT vs. CBT vs. Discussion Group. N=99.
Hesser, H., Gustafsson, T., Lundén, C., Henrikson, O., Fattahi, K., Johnsson, E., Westin, V. Z., Carlbring, P., Mäki-Torkko, E., Kaldo, V., & Andersson, G. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 649-61.
DOI: 10.1037/a0027021
Full Text: ACBS Website
Mediational Study
Hesser, H., Westin, V. Z. & Andersson, G. (2014). Acceptance as a mediator in internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for tinnitus. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 756–767.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-013-9525-6 (not counted separately from the study above)
Depression. ACT vs. TAU. N=34.
Folke, F., Parling, T., & Melin, L. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy for depression: A preliminary randomized clinical trial for unemployed on long-term sick leave. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 583-594.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.01.002
Full Text: ACBS Website
2011 (n = 18)
Binge and emotional eating and stress in Binge Eating Disorder. Acceptance-commitment group program vs waitlist control. N=14.
Song, H. J., & Son, C. N. (2011). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on anger, stress, and binge eating behavior of the binge eating disorder-prone college students. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 16(1), 15-27.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2011.16.1.002
Anxiety, worry, depression, and quality of life in General Anxiety Disorder. ACT vs CBT. N=16.
Wetherell, J. L., Afari, N., Ayers, C. R., Stoddard, J. A., Ruberg, J.,Sorrell, J. T., Liu, L., Petkus, A. J., Thorp, S. R., Kraft, A., & Patterson, T. L. (2011). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for generalized anxiety disorder in older adults: A preliminary report. Behavior Therapy, 42(1), 127-134.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2010.07.002
Depression of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities. ACT vs. supportive control. N=27.
Kim, M & Son, J. (2011). The Effects of Acceptance Commitment Group Therapy on Psychological Well-being and Depression of Mothers of Children with Developmental Disabilities. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 30(1), 207-223.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2011.30.1.011
Body satisfaction and self-esteem. ACT vs control group. N=18.
Choi, Y. Y., & Son, C. N. (2011). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on body image esteem, avoidance, and self-esteem of college women with negative body image. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 16(4), 657-673.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2011.16.4.002
Menstrual Discomfort / Attitudes. ACT vs Waitlist. N=30.
Yoo, M. R., & Son, C. N. (2011). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on menstrual discomforts, menstrual attitudes, and quality of life in college women. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 16(3), 449-467.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Manuscript in Korean]
Social phobia in students. Group ACT vs. control. N=20.
Pourfaraj Omran, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy in Social Phobia of Students. Journal of Knowledge & Health in Basic Medical Sciences, 6(2), 1-5.
DOI: 10.22100/jkh.v6i2.100
Depression and anxiety among college students. ACT vs. CBT. N = 16.
Lee, K., Lee, H.J., & Woody, S.R. (2011). The Effectiveness of ACT and CBT to Reduce Vulnerability to Depression and Anxiety among University Students: A Preliminary Analysis. Korean Journal Stress Research 2011, 19(4), 383-389.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: www.stressresearch.or.kr
Pain. ACT vs. CBT. N=114.
Wetherell, J. L., Afari, N., Rutledge, T., Sorrell, J. T., Stoddard, J. A., Petkus, A. J., Solomon, B. C., Lehman, D.H., Liu, L., Lang, A.J., & Atkinson, J. H. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Pain, 152, 2098-2107.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.016
Full Text: ACBS Website
Secondary Analysis
VanBuskirk, K. A., Roesch, S. C., Afari, N., & Wetherell, J. L. (2014). Physical activity of patients with chronic pain receiving acceptance and commitment therapy or cognitive behavioural therapy. Behaviour Change, 31, 131-143.
DOI: 10.1017/bec.2014.6 (not counted separately from the study above)
Secondary Analysis
Wetherell, J. L., Petkus, A. J., Alonso-Fernandez, M., Bower, E. S., Steiner, A. R. W., & Afari, N. (2016). Age moderates response to acceptance and commitment therapy vs. cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic pain. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 31(3), 302-308.
DOI: 10.1002/gps.4330 (not counted separately from the study above)
Psychosis. ACT vs. TAU. N=27.
White, R. G., Gumley, A. I., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S, & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of acceptance and commitment therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 901-907.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.09.003.
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=93.
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fledderus, M., Rokx, T. A., & Pieterse, M. E. (2011). Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 62-67.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.10.003
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=106.
Brinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., & Berglund, G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of stress among social workers: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 389-398.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.03.009
Full Text: ACBS Website
Anxiety. Acceptance-Based Behavior Therapy vs. CT. N=16.
Brown, L. A., Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Hoffman, K. L., Yuen, E. K. and Goetter, E. M. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance-based behavior therapy and cognitive therapy for test anxiety: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 35, 31-53.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445510390930
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight Loss. ACT vs. Education. N=54.
Butryn, M. L., Forman, E., Hoffman, K., Shaw, J., & Juarascio, A. (2011). A pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy for promotion of physical activity. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 8, 516-522.
DOI: 10.1123/jpah.8.4.516
Full Text: ACBS Website
Smoking. ACT + FAP + Medication vs. Medication. N=303.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B., Hayes, S. C., Pierson, H., Piasecki, M., Antonuccio, D., & Palm, K. (2011). Does acceptance and relationship focused behavior therapy contribute to bupropion outcomes? A randomized controlled trial of functional analytic psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 42, 700-715.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.03.002
Full Text: ACBS Website
Depression. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Hayes, L., Boyd, C. P., & Sewell, J. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of adolescent depression: A pilot study in a psychiatric outpatient setting. Mindfulness, 2, 86-94.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-011-0046-5
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=70.
Muto, T., Hayes, S. C., & Jeffcoat, T. (2011). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy bibliotherapy for enhancing the psychological health of Japanese college students living abroad. Behavior Therapy, 42, 323-335.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2010.08.009
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. Applied Relaxation. N=90.
Thorsell, J., Finnes, A., Dahl, J., Lundgren, T., Gybrant, M., Gordh, T., & Buhrman, M. (2011). A comparative study of 2 manual-based self-help interventions, acceptance and commitment therapy and applied relaxation, for persons with chronic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 27, 716-723.
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318219a933
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Secondary Analysis
Chronic Pain. ACT vs. Applied Relaxation. N=53.
Thorsell Cederberg, J., Cernvall, M., Dahl, J., von Essen, L., & Ljungman, G. (2016). Acceptance as a mediator for change in acceptance and commitment therapy for persons with chronic pain? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 21-29.
DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9494-y
Full Text: Available Through DOI (this piece is not counted separately from the one above)
Tinnitus. ACT vs. Tinnitus Retraining Therapy. N=64.
Westin, V. Z., Schulin, M., Hesser, H., Karlsson, M., Noe, R. Z., Olofsson, U., Stalby, M., Wisung, G. & Andersson, G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus tinnitus retraining therapy in the treatment of tinnitus distress: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 737-747.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2011.08.001
Full Text: ACBS Website
2010 (n = 11)
Anxiety in response to hyperventilation. Acceptance vs. suppression. N=72.
No, H. & Cho, Y. (2010). The Effects of Acceptance vs. Repressive Treatment and Anxiety Sensitivity on the Changes of Anxiety Responses of College Students to the Hyperventilation Challenge. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 29(3), 799-819.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2010.29.3.009
Contamination-Related Thoughts. Word repetition vs. imaginal exposure vs. no treatment. N=227.
Watson C., Burley M.C., & Purdon C. (2010). Verbal Repetition in the Reappraisal of Contamination-Related Thoughts. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(3), 337-353.
DOI: 10.1017/S1352465810000196
Test Anxiety. ACT vs. Control. N=20.
Hwang, S. O., & Park, S. H. (2010). The Effects of the acceptance & commitment therapy model on the middle school students’ test-anxiety. The Korean Journal of East West Science, 13(2), 83-95.
DOI: No DOI
Full Text: Journal Website [Article in Korean]
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. ACT vs. Progressive Relaxation Training. N=79.
Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H. & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy vs. progressive relaxation training for obsessive compulsive disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 705-716.
DOI: 10.1037/a0020508
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT vs. Stress Inoculation Training. N=107.
Flaxman, P. E. & Bond, F. W. (2010). A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 816-820.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2010.05.004
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stress. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=311.
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010). Worksite stress management training: Moderated effects and clinical significance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 347-358.
DOI: 10.1037/a0020522
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=93.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Smit, F., & Westerhof, G. J. (2010). Mental health promotion as a new goal in public mental health care: A randomized controlled trial of an intervention enhancing psychological flexibility. American Journal of Public Health, 10, 2, 372-2378.
DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.196196
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. Cognitive Defusion vs. Waitlist. N=22.
Hinton, M. J. & Gaynor, S. T. (2010). Cognitive defusion for psychological distress, dysphoria, and low self-esteem: A randomized technique evaluation trial of vocalizing strategies. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 164-185.
DOI: 10.1037/h0100906
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=14.
Johnston, M., Foster, M., Shennan, J., Starkey, N. J., & Johnson, A. (2010). The effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy self-help intervention for chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 26, 393-402.
DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181cf59ce
Full Text: ACBS Website
Eating Disorders. ACT vs. CT. N=55.
Juarascio, A. S., Forman, E. M., & Herbert, J. D. (2010). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive therapy for the treatment of comorbid eating pathology. Behavior Modification, 34, 175-190.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445510363472
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. CBT. N=104.
Smout, M., Longo, M., Harrison, S., Minniti, R., Wickes, W., & White, J. M. (2010). Psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use disorders: A preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Substance Abuse, 31, 98-107.
DOI: 10.1080/08897071003641578
Full Text: ACBS Website
2009 (n = 7)
Pain tolerance. Values + Acceptance vs. Acceptance vs. Control Group. N=99.
Branstetter-Rost A, Cushing C, & Douleh T. (2009). Personal values and pain tolerance: does a values intervention add to acceptance? The Journal of Pain, 10(8), 887-892.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2009.01.001
Emotion regulation in response to laboratory sadness task. Acceptance vs. problem solving. N=54.
Choi Y. & Cho Y. (2009). The Effects of Difficulty in Emotional Control and Acceptance Treatment on the Change of Depressive Mood in University Students. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 28(4), 1107-1134.
DOI: 10.15842/kjcp.2009.28.4.009
Stress, anxiety, and quality of life in adult atopic dermatitis patients. Acceptance group vs waitlist control. N=20.
Lee, J. Y., & Son, C. N. (2009). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on life stress, state anxiety, and dermatological quality of life in adult atopic dermatitis patients. The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 14(2), 465-480.
DOI: 10.17315/kjhp.2009.14.2.015
Pain. ACT vs. Multidisciplinary Treatment + Medication. N=32.
Wicksell, R. K., Melin, L., Lekander, M., & Olsson, G. L. (2009). Evaluating the effectiveness of exposure and acceptance strategies to improve functioning and quality of life in longstanding pediatric pain - A randomized controlled trial. Pain, 141, 248-257.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2008.11.006
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight Loss / Stigma. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=84.
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 58-69.
DOI: 10.1007/s12160-009-9083-x
Full Text: ACBS Website
Mediational Study
Gifford, E.V. & Lillis, J. (2009). Avoidance and Inflexibility as a Common Clinical Pathway in Obesity and Smoking Treatment. Journal of Health Psychology, 14(7), 992-996.
DOI: 10.1177/1359105309342304 (not counted separately from the study above)
Depression / Substance Abuse. ACT vs. TAU. N=24.
Petersen, C. L., & Zettle, R. D. (2009). Treating inpatients with comorbid depression and alcohol use disorders: A comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and treatment as usual. The Psychological Record, 59, 521-536.
DOI: 10.1007/BF03395679
Full Text: ACBS Website
Weight Loss. ACT vs. Waitlist. N=62.
Tapper, K., Shaw, C., Ilsley, J., Hill, A. J., Bond, F. W., & Moore, L. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 52, 396-404.
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.11.012
Full Text: ACBS Website
2008 (n = 5)
Training. ACT vs. TAU. N=30.
Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Twohig, M. P., Roget, N., Fisher, G., Padilla, M., Bissett, R., Holt, C., & Kohlenberg, B. K. (2007). Augmenting continuing education with psychologically-focused group consultation: Effects on adoption of group drug counseling. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44, 463-469.
DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.44.4.463
Full Text: ACBS Website
Epilepsy. ACT vs. Yoga. N=18.
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Yardi, N., & Melin, J. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy and yoga for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy and Behavior, 13, 102-108.
DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.02.009
Full Text: ACBS Website
Anxiety. Acceptance-based Behavior Therapy vs. Waitlist. N=31.
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 1083-1089.
DOI: 10.1037/a0012720
Full Text: ACBS Website
Training. ACT vs. Education. N=59.
Varra, A. A., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., & Fisher, G. (2008). A randomized control trial examining the effect of acceptance and commitment training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 449-458.
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.76.3.449
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=21.
Wicksell, R. K., Ahlqvist, J., Bring, A., Melin, L. & Olsson, G. L. (2008). Can exposure and acceptance strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)? A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 37, 169-182.
DOI: 10.1080/16506070802078970
Full Text: ACBS Website
2007 (n = 6)
Anxiety / Depression. ACT vs. CT. N=101.
Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D. & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31, 772-799.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445507302202
Full Text: ACBS Website
Follow-up Study
Forman, E. M., Chapman, J. E., Herbert, J. D., Goetter, E. M., Yuen, E. K., & Moitra, E. (2012). Using Session-by-Session Measurement to Compare Mechanisms of Action for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 43(2), 341-354.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2011.07.004 (not counted separately from the study above)
Diabetes. ACT vs. Education. N=81.
Gregg, J. A., Callaghan, G. M., Hayes, S. C., & Glenn-Lawson, J. L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75, 336-343.
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.75.2.336
Full Text: ACBS Website
Various. ACT vs. CBT. N=28.
Lappalainen, R., Lehtonen, T., Skarp, E., Taubert, E., Ojanen, M., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists: A preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification, 31, 488-511.
DOI: 10.1177/0145445506298436
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stigma. ACT vs. Psychoeducation. N=96.
Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Fletcher, L. B., Seignourel, P. J., Bunting, K., Herbst, S. A., Twohig, M. P., & Lillis, J. (2007). The impact of acceptance and commitment therapy versus education on stigma toward people with psychological disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2764-2772.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.05.008
Full Text: ACBS Website
Cancer. ACT vs. CBT. N=12.
Páez, M. B., Luciano, C., & Gutiérrez, O. (2007).Tratamiento psicológico para el afrontamiento del cáncer de mama. Estudio comparativo entre estrategias de aceptación y de control cognitivo. Psicooncología, 4, 75-95.
ISSN-e:1988-8287
Full Text: ACBS Website
Pain. Pain Control vs. Pain Acceptance vs. Continued Practice. N=74.
Vowles, K. E., McNeil, D. W., Gross, R. T. McDaniel, M. L., Mouse, A., Bates, M., Gallimore, P., & McCall, C. (2007). Effects of pain acceptance and pain control strategies on physical impairment in individuals with chronic low back pain. Behavior Therapy, 38, 412-425.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2007.02.001
Full Text: ACBS Website
2006 (n = 4)
Psychosis. ACT vs. Enhanced TAU. N=40.
Gaudiano, B. A., & Herbert, J. D. (2006). Acute treatment of inpatients with psychotic symptoms using acceptance and commitment therapy: Pilot results. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 44, 415-437.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.02.007
Full Text: ACBS Website
Borderline Personality Disorder. ACT + DBT vs. TAU. N=22.
Gratz, K. L. & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 25-35.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2005.03.002
Full Text: ACBS Website
Epilepsy. ACT vs. Supportive Therapy. N=27.
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Melin, L., & Kies, B. (2006). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa—A pilot study. Epilepsia, 47, 2173–2179.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00892.x
Full Text: ACBS Website
Trichotillomania. ACT + Habit Reversal vs. Waitlist. N=25.
Woods, D. W., Wetterneck, C. T., & Flessner, C. A. (2006). A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 639-656.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.05.006
Full Text: ACBS Website
2004 (n = 4)
Stress / Pain. ACT vs. TAU. N=19.
Dahl, J., Wilson, K. G., & Nilsson, A. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 35, 785-802.
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80020-0
Full Text: ACBS Website
Smoking. ACT vs. Nicotine Replacement Therapy. N=76.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M.., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004). Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-705.
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80015-7
Full Text: ACBS Website
Stigma / Burnout. ACT vs. Multicultural Training. N=93.
Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K. & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-835.
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80022-4
Full Text: ACBS Website
Substance Abuse. ACT vs. Intensive Twelve Step Facilitation. N=114.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004). A preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts. Behavior Therapy, 35, 667-688.
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80014-5
Full Text: ACBS Website
2003 (n = 1)
Anxiety. ACT vs. Systematic Desensitization. N=24.
Zettle, R. D. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) versus systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. The Psychological Record, 53, 197-215.
DOI: 10.1007/BF03395440
Full Text: ACBS Website
2002 (n = 2)
Pain tolerance. Acceptance rationale and practice vs. Acceptance rationale and suppression practice vs. placebo control. N=28.
Takahashi, M., Muto, T., Tada, M., & Sugiyama, M. (2002). Acceptance rationale and increasing pain tolerance : Acceptance-based and FEAR-based practice. Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 35-46.
DOI: 10.24468/jjbt.28.1_35
Psychosis. ACT vs. TAU. N=80.
Bach, P. & Hayes, S. C. (2002). The use ofacceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(5), 1129-1139.
DOI: 10.1037/0022-006X.70.5.1129
Full Text: ACBS Website
2000 (n = 1)
Stress. ACT vs. Innovation Promotion Program vs. Waitlist. N=90.
Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-163.
DOI: 10.1037/1076-8998.5.1.156
Full Text: ACBS Website
1999 (n = 1)
Pain tolerance. Acceptance rationale vs. control rationale vs attention placebo. N = 30.
Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., Cooper, L., & Grundt, A. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record, 49, 33-47.
1989 (n = 1)
Depression. ACT vs. CT. N=31.
Zettle, R. D., & Rains, J. C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 436-445.
DOI: 10.1002/1097-4679(198905)45:3<436::AID-JCLP2270450314>3.0.CO;2-L
Full Text: ACBS Website
1986 (n = 1)
Depression. ACT vs. CT. N=18.
Zettle, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: The context of reason giving. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 4, 30-38.
DOI: 10.1007/BF03392813
Full Text: ACBS Website
ACT Self-help Studies including those Based on Computers, Phones, SmartPhones, and Books
ACT Self-help Studies including those Based on Computers, Phones, SmartPhones, and BooksHere is a partial list of studies of ACT or ACT components delivered as self-help, including especially those done by books, websites, phone calls, apps, or other media.
Eklund, M., Kiritsis, C., Livheim, F., & Ghaderi, A. (2023). ACT-based self-help for perceived stress and its mental health implications without therapist support: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.01.003
Naor, N., Frenkel, A., & Winsberg, M. (2022). Improving Well-being With a Mobile Artificial Intelligence–Powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy Tool: Pragmatic Retrospective Study
JMIR Form Res, 6(7), e36018. doi: 10.2196/36018
Tol, W. A., Augustinavicius, J., Carswell, K., Leku, M. R., Adaku, A., Brown, F. L., García-Moreno, C., Ventebogel, P., White, R. G., Kogan, C. S., Bryant, R., & Van Ommeren, M. (2018). Feasibility of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. World Psychiatry, 17, 234-235. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20537
Purgato, M., Carswell, K., Tedeschi, F., Acarturk, C., Anttila, M., Au, T., Bajbouj, M., Baumgartner, J., Biondi, M., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Koesters, M., Gastaldon, C., Ilkkursun, Z., Lantta, T., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., Papola, D., Popa, M., Roselli, V., Sijbrandij, M., Tarsitani, L., Turrini, G., Välimäki, M., Walker, L., Wancata, J., Zanini, E., White, R., van Ommeren, M., & Barbui, C. (2021 in press). Effectiveness of Self-Help Plus in preventing mental disorders in refugees and asylum seekers in Western Europe: A multinational randomized controlled trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 90, 403–414.
DOI: 10.1159/000517504
Tol, W. A., Leku, M. R., Lakin, D. P., Carswell, K., Augustinavicius, J., & Adaku, A. (2020). Guided self-help to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese female refugees in Uganda: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet Global Health, 8(2), E254-E263. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30504-2
Acarturk, C., Uygun, E., Ilkkursun, Z., . . . Barbui, C. (2022). Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention for preventing mental disorders among Syrian refugees in Turkey: A randomized controlled trial. World Psychiatry, 21, 88–95. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20939
Potts, S., Krafft, J., & Levin, M. E. (2022). A pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy guided self-help for overweight and obese adults high in weight self-stigma. Behavior Modification. DOI: 10.1177/0145445520975112
Selvi, K., Parling, T., Ljótsson, B., Welch, E., & Ghaderi, A. (2021). Two randomized controlled trials of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy‐based educational course for body shape dissatisfaction. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology. DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12684
Potter, K-J., Golijana-Moghaddam, N., Evangelou, N., Mhizha-Murira, J. R., & das Nair, R. (2021). Self-help acceptance and commitment therapy for carers of people with multiple sclerosis: A feasibility randomised controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. DOI: 10.1007/s10880-020-09711-x
Levin, M. E., An, W., Davis, C. H., & Twohig, M. P. (2020). Evaluating acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness-based stress reduction self-help books for college student mental health. Mindfulness, 11, 1275-1285. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-020-01344-3
Davis, E. L., Deane, F. P., Lyons, G. C. B., Barclay, G. D., Bourne, J., & Connoly, V. (2020). Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for grief and psychological distress in carers of palliative care patients. Journal of Health Psychology, 25, 322-339. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317715091
Kocovski, N. L., Fleming, J. E., Blackie, R. A., MacKenzie, M. B., & Rose, A. L. (2019). Self-help for social anxiety: Randomized controlled trial comparing a mindfulness and acceptance-based approach with a control group. Behavior Therapy, 50, 696-709. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.10.007
Paganini, S., Lin, J., Kählke, F., Buntrock, C., Leiding, D., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2019). A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: Health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 9, e023390. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023390. This study is based on Lin J, Paganini S, Sander L, Lüking, M., Ebert, D. D., Buhrman, M., Andersson, G., & Baumeister, H. (2017). An internet-based intervention for chronic pain: a three-arm randomized controlled study of the effectiveness of guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 114, 681–688. DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2017.0681
Wersebe, H., Lieb, R., Meyer, A. H., Hofer, P., & Gloster, A. T. (2018). The link between stress, well-being, and psychological flexibility during an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 18, 60-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.09.002
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., & Cruz, R. A. (2018). Tailoring acceptance and commitment therapy skill coaching in the moment through smartphones: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 10(4), DOI: 10.1007/s12671-018-1004-2
Hofer, P. D., Waadt, M., Aschwanden, R., Milidou, M., Acker, J., Meyer, A. H., Lieb R., & Gloster, A. T. (2018). Self-help for stress and burnout without therapist contact: An online randomised controlled trial. Work & Stress, 32, 189-208. DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1402389
Tol, W. A., Augustinavicius, J., Carswell, K., Leku, M. R., Adaku, A., Brown, F. L., García-Moreno, C., Ventebogel, P., White, R. G., Kogan, C. S., Bryant, R., & Van Ommeren, M. (2018). Feasibility of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. World Psychiatry, 17, 234-235. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20537
Proctor, B. J., Moghaddam, N. G., Evangelou, N. & das Nair, R. (2018). Telephone-supported acceptance and commitment bibliotherapy for people with multiple sclerosis and psychological distress: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 103-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.006
Eustis, E. H., Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2018). Surviving and thriving during stress: A randomized clinical trial comparing a brief web-based therapist assisted acceptance-based behavioral intervention versus waitlist control for college students. Behavior Therapy, 49(6), 889-903. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2018.05.009
Davis, E. L., Deane, F. P., Lyons, G. C. B., Barclay, G. D., Bourne, J., & Connoly, V. (2017). Feasibility randomised controlled trial of a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for grief and psychological distress in carers of palliative care patients. Journal of Health Psychology. DOI: 10.1177/1359105317715091
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., Pierce, B. G. & Twohig, M. P. (2017). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Modification, 41, 141-162. DOI: 10.1177/0145445516659645
Hara, K. W., Bjørngaard, J. H., Brage, S., Borchgrevink, P. C., Halsteinli, V., Stiles, T. C., Johnsen, R., & Woodhouse, A. (2017). Randomized controlled trial of adding telephone follow-up to an occupational rehabilitation program to increase work participation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 1-14. DOI: 10.1007/s10926-017-9711-4
Fiorillo, D., McLean, C., Pistorello, J., Hayes, S. C., & Follette, V. M. (2017). Evaluation of a web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy program for women with trauma related problems: A pilot study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6, 104-113. doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.003
Levin, M. E., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Seeley, J. R. (2016). Web-based self-help for preventing mental health problems in universities: Comparing acceptance and commitment training to mental health education. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 207-225. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22254
Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 27-35. DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.012
Ritzert, T., Forsyth, J. P., Berghoff, C. R., Boswell, J., & Eifert, G. H. (2016). Evaluating the effectiveness of ACT for anxiety disorders in a self-help context: Outcomes from a randomized wait-list controlled trial. Behavior Therapy, 47, 444-459. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.03.001 Large international RCT (N = 503) of an ACT self-help workbook for anxiety (the Mindfulness and Acceptance Workbook for Anxiety; N = 256) vs wait list (N = 247). Crossover design. Workbook use produced improvements in anxiety, quality of life, and ACT processes. Outcomes were replicated in the wait-list group following crossover to workbook. All improvements were maintained at 9 mo. follow-up.
Pots, W.T.M. , Fledderus, M., Meulenbeek, P.A.M., ten Klooster, P.M. , Schreurs, K.M.G. & Bohlmeijer, E.T. (2016). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptomatology: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(1), 69-77. DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146068. RCT (N = 236) finding that a guided web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for adults with mild to moderate depression, was better pre to post than a credible expressive writing comparison (Cohen’s d = 0.36) and a wait list (Cohen’s d = 0.56). Effects were sustained at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Related article: Pots, W. T. M., Trompetter, H. R., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 158. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0841-6
Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Veehof, M. M., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2015). Internet-based guided self-help intervention for chronic pain based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 66-80. doi: 10.1007/s10865-014-9579-0 RCT with persons suffering from chronic pain (N = 238) comparing internet-delivered, guided self-help based on ACT) (n = 82), an internet-based expressive Writing (n = 79) or a wait list (n = 77); measure at baseline, posttreatment (3 months) and at a 3-month follow-up. Better outcomes for pain interference, esp. among those who adhered to the intervention; also superior improvement on depression, pain intensity, psychological inflexibility and pain catastrophizing (d: .28–.60). 28 % of ACT-participants showed general clinically relevant improvement vs. 5% for the other groups.
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Kientz, J. A., Vilardaga, R. Mercer, L. D., Akiokaa, K. J., & Heffner, J. L. (2014). Randomized, controlled pilot trial of a smartphone app for smoking cessation using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143, 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.006 Double-blind RCT (N = 196) comparing smartphone-delivered ACT for smoking cessation application (SmartQuit) with the National Cancer Institute’s application for smoking cessation (QuitGuide). More use of ACT app. Quit rates of 13% in SmartQuit vs. 8% in QuitGuide (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 0.8–10.3).
Ly, K. H., Asplund, K., & Andersson, G. (2014). Stress management for middle managers via an acceptance and commitment-based smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 1, 95–101. DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2014.06.003 ACT-based smartphone treatment for middle managers at medium- and large-sized companies (> 50 employees) in Sweden. A total of 73 participants were randomized to either receive the six-week stress intervention (n = 36) or to a waitlist control group (n = 37). Results showed small to moderate within-group effect sizes (Cohen's d range 0.37–0.62) for the treatment group, and small to moderate between group effects (Cohen's d range 0.41–0.50).
Lappalainen, P., Granlund, A., Siltanen, S., Ahonen, S., Vitikainen, M., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2014). ACT Internet-based vs face-to-face? A randomized controlled trial of two ways to deliver Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depressive symptoms: An 18-month follow-up. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 43-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.006 RCT comparing face to face with internet based ACT for outpatients experiencing mild or worse depression. 6 weekly therapy sessions versus 6 weeks of access to an ACT-based Internet program. Pre-treatment to 18-month follow-up within-group effect sizes for all symptom measures in the iACT treatment group (1.59-2.08), were similar or larger than for the face-to-face ACT group (1.12-1.37).
Johnston, M., Foster, M., Shennan, J., Starkey, N. J., & Johnson, A. (2010). The effectiveness of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy self-help intervention for chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 26, 393-402. DOI: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e3181cf59ce Very small RCT (N = 14) showing that ACT bibliotherapy (Dahl & Lundgren, 2006 – see self help books above) helps with chronic pain.
Muto, T., Hayes, S. C., & Jeffcoat, T. (2011). The effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy bibliotherapy for enhancing the psychological health of Japanese college students living abroad. Behavior Therapy, 42, 323–335. RCT on the impact of Get Out of Your Mind and Into Your Life on the mental health of international students (N = 70). Better general mental health at post and follow up. Moderately and above depressed or stressed, and severely anxious students showed improvement compared to those not receiving the book. Outcomes mediated and moderated by psychological flexibility.
Jeffcoat, T. & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A randomized trial of ACT bibliotherapy on the mental health of K-12 teachers and staff. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 571-579. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.05.008 ACT RCT with K – 12 school personnel (N = 236; 91% female; 30 - 60 years old) in a wellness program compared to wait list. Three-fourths were above clinical cutoffs in general mental health, depression, anxiety, or stress. Participants read the book for two months, completed exercises and quizzes, and after post assessment were followed for 10 weeks; wait list participants were then also given the book with two months to complete it. Overall, participants showed significant improvement in psychological health. Significant preventive effects for depression and anxiety were observed along with significant ameliorative effects for those in the clinical ranges of depression, anxiety and stress. Follow up general mental health, depression, and anxiety outcomes were related to the manner in which participants used the workbook and to post levels of psychological flexibility.
Levin, M. E., Pistorello, J., Hayes, S. C. & Seeley, J. (2014). Feasibility of a prototype web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy prevention program for college students. Journal of American College Health, 62, 20-30. doi:10.1080/07448481.2013.843533 RCT (N = 76) comparing ACT web program to wait list. Better anxiety and depression outcomes in ACT.
Chase, J. A., Houmanfar, R., Hayes, S. C., Ward, T.A., Vilardaga, J. P. & Follette, V. (2013). Values are not just goals: Online ACT-based values training adds to goal setting in improving undergraduate college student performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2, 79-84. RCT (N = 132) comparing wait list, goal setting, or goal setting plus ACT values work with college students. Higher GPA at post in the values plus goal setting condition over next semester. After one semester, the wait list was then given values plus goal setting and the same effect was seen, over the next semester.
Ljótsson, B., Atterlöf, E., Lagerlöf, M., Andersson, E., Jernelöv, S., Hedman, E., Kemani, M. & Wicksell, R.K. (2014). Internet-delivered acceptance and values-based exposure treatment for fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43, 93-104. DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2013.846401. Open trial (N=41) self-referred women with a fibromyalgia diagnosis, pre/post/ 6 mo f-up. The 10-week Internet-delivered ACT + contact with an online ACT therapist. Moderate to large within-group effect sizes on all main measures (d = 0.62-1.56; symptoms and impact, disability, quality of life, depression, anxiety, fatigue, and psychological flexibility.) Improvements maintained at follow-up. Positive cost-benefit by 2 mos.
Hawkes, A. L., Chambers, S. K., Pakenham, K. I., Patrao, T. A., Baade, P. D., Lynch, B. M., Aitken, J. F., Meng, X. Q., & Courneya, K. S. (2013). Effects of a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention (CanChange) on health and behavioral outcomes in survivors of colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 2313-2321. DOI: 10.1200/JCO.2012.45.5873 Large RCT (N = 410) with colorectal cancer survivors assigned to usual care or to 11 ACT-based telephone health coaching sessions over 6 months focusing for physical activity, weight management, dietary habits, alcohol, and smoking. Significant differences at 1 year follow up for physical activity, body mass, and fat intake; vegetable intake better at 6 month. Alcohol and smoking not significantly different.
Kristjánsdóttir, Ó. B., Fors, E. A., Eide, E., Finset, A., Stensrud, T. L., vanDulmen, S., Wigers, S. H., & Eide, H. (2013). A smartphone-based intervention with diaries and therapist-feedback to reduce catastrophizing and increase functioning in women with chronic widespread pain: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15, 1-17. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.2249 140 women with chronic pain, after inpatient rehab receive a website and also randomized to also receive 1 face-to-face session and 4 weeks of ACT-based smartphone program. At 5-month follow-up, moderate effect sizes in favor of ACT for catastrophizing (Cohen's d=0.74, P=.003), acceptance of pain (Cohen's d=0.54, P=.02), and functioning and symptom levels (Cohen's d=0.75, P=.001).
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(10), 1756-1764. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntt056 RCT (N = 222) of a web-based ACT intervention for smoking cessation as compared to the U. S. National Cancer Institute’s Smokefree.gov website. Participants spent significantly longer on the ACT site and we more satisfied with it; quite rates at 3 month follow up were more than double on the ACT site than the NCI site (23% vs. 10%). Smoking cessation was mediated by increases in total acceptance of physical, cognitive, and emotional cues to smoke (80% of the effect).
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J. P., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Spinhoven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 142-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.007 Adults with mild to moderate depression and anxiety (N = 376) randomized to ACT based self-help with e-mail support (n = 250), or to a waiting list control group (n = 126). Pre, 3 week, 6 week, post, and 3 mo f-up. Effect greater for those higher in psychological flexibility; effects also mediated by psychological flexibility, esp. improvement in the last three sessions of the intervention.
Lappalainen, P., Kaipainen, K., Lappalainen, R., Hoffren, H., Myllymaki, T., Kinnunen, M. L., Mattila, E., Happonen, A. P., Rusko, H., & Korhonen, I. (2013). Feasibility of a personal health technology-based psychological intervention for men with stress and mood problems: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, Journal of Medical Internet Research, 2, e1.
DOI: 10.2196/resprot.2389. Small RCT (N = 24) of group ACT + behavioral methods (relaxation; etc) as well as Internet/Web portal, mobile phone applications, and personal monitoring devices; versus wait list. 6 mo f-up. Lower depression and psychological distress; better working ability in ACT group.
Buhrman, M., Skoglund, A., Husell, J., Bergström, K., Gordh, T., Hursti, T., Bendelin, N., Furmark, T. & Andersson, G. (2013). Guided internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 307–315. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2013.02.010 RCT (N = 76) comparing a 7 week guided internet-delivered ACT intervention for persons with chronic pain versus a moderated online discussion forum. Intent-to-treat analyses showed significant increases in active engagement and pain willingness and decreases in pain-related distress, anxiety and depression. Gains maintained at a 6-mo follow-up.
Carlbring, P., Hagglund, M., Luthstromb, A., Dahlin, M., Kadowaki, A., Vernmark, K., & Andersson, G. (2013). Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 331–337. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.12.020 RCT (N = 80) of 8 weeks of internet-based ACT and behavioral activation versus wait list; 3 month follow up. Large effect on depression.
Hesser, H., Gustafsson, T., Lundén, C., Henrikson, O., Fattahi, K., Johnsson, E., Westin, V. Z., Carlbring, P., Mäki-Torkko, E., Kaldo, V., & Andersson, G. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(4), 649-61. DOI: 10.1037/a0027021 Three arm RCT (n = 99) testing on line version of ACT and CBT vs. control (on line discussion group) for tinnitus distress. Better effects for CBT and ACT. No significant differences between ACT and CBT.
ACT Studies with Mediational Data
ACT Studies with Mediational DataBelow is a partial list of studies with mediational data.
See also these recent meta-analysis or reviews of ACT mediational studies or summaries of psychological flexibility as a mediator:
Murillo, C., Vo, T., Vansteelandt, S., Harrison, L. E., Cagnie, B. N., Coppieters, I., Chys, M., Timmers, I., & Meeus, M. (2022). How do psychologically based interventions for chronic musculoskeletal pain work? A systematic review and meta-analysis of specific moderators and mediators of treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 94, 102160. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102160.
Hayes, S. C., Ciarrochi, J., Hofmann, S. G., Chin, F., & Sahdra, B. (2022). Evolving an idionomic approach to processes of change: Towards a unified personalized science of human improvement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 156, 104155. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104155
Johannsen, M., Nissen, E. R., Lundorff, M., & O'Toole, M. S. (2022). Mediators of acceptance and mindfulness-based therapies for anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 94, 102156. DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2022.102156
Stockton, D., Kellett, S., Berrios, R., Sirois, F., Wilkinson, N., & Miles, G. (2019). Identifying the Underlying Mechanisms of Change During Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): A Systematic Review of Contemporary Mediation Studies. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 47(3), 332-362. DOI: 10.1017/S1352465818000553
Ren, Z., Zhao, C., Bian, C., Zhu, W., Jiang, G., & Zhu, Z. (2019). Mechanisms of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A meta-analytic structural equation model. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(6), 662-676. DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00662 Full text available on the ACBS website.
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MEDIATIONAL STUDIES
Aasdahl, L., Nilsen, T. I. L., Mork, P. J., Fimland, M. S., & Skarpsno, E. S. (2024). Inpatient multimodal rehabilitation and the role of pain intensity and mental distress on return-to-work: causal mediation analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 56, jrm18385. DOI: 10.2340/jrm.v56.18385
Fang, S., Ding, D., Zhang, R. & Huang, M. (2023). Psychological mechanism of acceptance and commitment therapy and rational emotive behavior therapy for treating hoarding: Evidence from randomized controlled trials. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1084467. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1084467
Ong, C.W., Woods, D.W., Franklin, M.E., Saunders, S.M., Neal-Barnett, A.M., Compton, S.N., & Twohig, M.P. (2023). The role of psychological flexibility in acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania: Moderation and mediation findings. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 164, 104302. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104302
Krafft, J., Petersen, J.M., Ong, C.W., Twohig, M.P., & Levin, M.E. (2023). Processes of change in online acceptance and commitment therapy for hoarding. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 198-206. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.04.001
Lakin, D. P., Cooper, S. E., Andersen, L., Brown, F. L., Augustinavicius, J. L. S., Carswell, K., Leku, M., Adaku, A., Au, T., Bryant, R., Garcia-Moreno, C., White, R. G., & Tol, W. A. (2023). Psychological flexibility in South Sudanese female refugees in Uganda as a mechanism for change within a guided self-help intervention.Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 91(1), 6–13. DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000774
Petersen, J.M., Capel, L.K., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.P. (2022). Moderators and processes of change in a pilot randomized controlled trial of acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy for trichotillomania in adolescents. Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 35, 100757. DOI: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100757
Fishbein, J.N., Judd, C.M., Genung, S., Stanton, A.L., & Arch, J.J. (2022). Intervention and mediation effects of target processes in a randomized controlled trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for anxious cancer survivors in community oncology clinics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 153, 104103. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104103
Küchler, A. M., Kählke, F., Vollbrecht, D., Peip, K., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2022). Effectiveness, acceptability, and mechanisms of change of the internet-based intervention StudiCare Mindfulness for college students: A randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness, 13, 2140–2154. DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01949-w
Bricker, J.B., Levin, M., Lappalainen, R., Mull, K., Sullivan, B., Santiago-Torres, M. (2021). Mechanisms of Smartphone Apps for Cigarette Smoking Cessation: Results of a Serial Mediation Model From the iCanQuit Randomized Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 9(11), e32847. DOI: 10.2196/32847
A-Tjak, J.G.L., Morina, N., Topper, M. et al. (2021). One year follow-up and mediation in cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for adult depression. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 41. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-020-03020-1
Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., An, W., Ong, C.W., Twohig, M.P. (2021). Preliminary findings on processes of change and moderators for cognitive defusion and restructuring delivered through mobile apps. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 13-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.002
Morin, L., Grégoire, S., & Lachance, L. (2021). Processes of change within acceptance and commitment therapy for university students: Preliminary evidence from a randomized controlled trial. Journal of American College Health, 69(6), 592-601. DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2019.1705828
Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., & Twohig, M.P. (2020). Examining processes of change in an online acceptance and commitment therapy dismantling trial with distressed college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, 10-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.05.001
Østergaard, T., Lundgren, T., Zettle, R.D., Landrø, N.I. & Haaland, V.Ø. (2020). Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 528. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528
Räsänen, P., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Examining mediators of change in wellbeing, stress, and depression in a blended, Internet-based, ACT intervention for university students. Internet Interventions, 22, 100343. DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2020.100343
Ritzert, T. R., Berghoff, C. R., Tifft, E. D., & Forsyth, J. P. (2020). Evaluating ACT Processes in Relation to Outcome in Self-Help Treatment for Anxiety-Related Problems. Behavior Modification, 44(6), 865-890. DOI: 10.1177/0145445519855616
Spidel, A., Lecomte,T., Kealy, D., & Daigneault, I. (2018). Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis and trauma: Improvement in psychiatric symptoms, emotion regulation, and treatment compliance following a brief group intervention. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 91, 248-261.
Lin Jiaxi; Klatt, Laura-Isabelle; McCracken, Lance M.; Baumeister, Harald (2018). Psychological flexibility mediates the effect of an online-based acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: an investigation of change processes. Pain, 159(4), 663-672. DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001134
Simister, H. D., Tkachuk, G. A., Shay, B. L., Vincent, N., Pear, J. J., & Skrabek, R. Q. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia. The Journal of Pain, 19(7), 741-753. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.02.004
Eilenberg, T., Hoffmann, D., Jensen, J. S., & Frostholm, L. (2017). Intervening variables in group-based acceptance & commitment therapy for severe health anxiety. Behaviour research and therapy, 92, 24–31. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.009
Pots, W.T.M., Trompetter, H.R., Schreurs, K.M.G. et al. (2016). How and for whom does web-based acceptance and commitment therapy work? Mediation and moderation analyses of web-based ACT for depressive symptoms. BMC Psychiatry,16, 158. DOI: 10.1186/s12888-016-0841-6
Thorsell Cederberg, J., Cernvall, M., Dahl, J., von Essen, L., & Ljungman, G. (2016). Acceptance as a mediator for change in acceptance and commitment therapy for persons with chronic pain? International Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 21-29. DOI: 10.1007/s12529-015-9494-y
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Calloway, A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2015). Decentering as a potential common mechanism across two therapies for generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 395-404.
Zarling, A., Lawrence, E., & Marchman, J. (2015). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance and comitment therapy for aggressive behavior. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 199-212.
Vowles, K.E., Witkiewitz, K., Sowden, G., & Ashworth, J. (2014). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: Evidence of Mediation and Clinically Significant Change Following an Abbreviated Interdisciplinary Program of Rehabilitation. The Journal of Pain, 15(1), 101-113. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2013.10.002
Zettle, R. D., Rains, J. C., & Hayes, S. C. (2011). Processes of change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for depression: A mediation reanalysis of Zettle and Rains. Behavior Modification, 35(3), 265-283. – Originally published in: Zettle, R. D. & Rains, J. C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of Depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 438-445.
Bach, P., & Hayes, S. C. (2002). The use of acceptance and commitment therapy to prevent the rehospitalization of psychotic patients: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 70(5), 1129-1138.
Bach, P., Gaudiano, B.A., Hayes, S.C. & Herbert, J.D. (2013) Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychosis: intent to treat, hospitalization outcome and mediation by believability. Psychosis, 5(2), 166-174. DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2012.671349
Gaudiano, B. A., & Herbert, J. D. (2006). Acute treatment of inpatients with psychotic symptoms using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Pilot results. Behaviour research and therapy, 44(3), 415-437.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004). Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation. Behavior therapy, 35(4), 689-705.
Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B.S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A.K., Berry, K., & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 821-835.
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Melin, L., & Kies, B. (2006). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial in South Africa—a pilot study. Epilepsia, 47(12), 2173-2179.
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2008). Evaluation of mediators of change in the treatment of epilepsy with acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of behavioral medicine, 31(3), 225-235.
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., & Levin, M. E. (2011). Binge eating and weight control: The role of experiential avoidance. Behavior modification, 35(3), 252-264.
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 76(6), 1083.
Hayes, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2010). Changes in proposed mechanisms of action during an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(3), 238-245.
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2007). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior therapy, 38(1), 72-85.
Varra, A. A., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., & Fisher, G. (2008). A randomized control trial examining the effect of acceptance and commitment training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 76(3), 449.
Wicksell, R. K., Ahlqvist, J., Bring, A., Melin, L., & Olsson, G. L. (2008). Can exposure and acceptance strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and Whiplash‐Associated Disorders (WAD)? A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 37(3), 169-182.
Wicksell, R. K., Olsson, G. L., & Hayes, S. C. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash. European Journal of Pain, 14(10), 1059-e1.
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37(1), 58-69.
Twohig, M. P., Hayes, S. C., Plumb, J. C., Pruitt, L. D., Collins, A. B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M. R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus progressive relaxation training for obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 78(5), 705.
Muto, T., Hayes, S. C., & Jeffcoat, T. (2011). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy bibliotherapy for enhancing the psychological health of Japanese college students living abroad. Behavior Therapy, 42(2), 323-335.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Pierson, H. M., Piasecki, M. P., Antonuccio, D. O., & Palm, K. M. (2011). Does acceptance and relationship focused behavior therapy contribute to bupropion outcomes? A randomized controlled trial of functional analytic psychotherapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Behavior therapy, 42(4), 700-715.
Weinland, S., Arvidsson, D., Kakoulidis, T., P., & Dahl, J. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for bariatric surgery patients, a pilot RCT. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 6, e21-e30.
Weineland, S., Hayes, S. C., & Dahl, J. (2012). Psychological flexibility and the gains of acceptance‐based treatment for post‐bariatric surgery: six‐month follow‐up and a test of the underlying model. Clinical obesity, 2(1‐2), 15-24.
Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and steady wins the race: a randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 80(1), 43.
Jeffcoat, T., & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A randomized trial of ACT bibliotherapy on the mental health of K-12 teachers and staff. Behaviour research and therapy, 50(9), 571-579.
Westin et al., (2011). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus Tinnitus Retraining Therapy in the treatment of tinnitus distress: A radomised controlled trial. Behavior Research and Therapy, 49, 737-747.
Clarke, S., Kingston, J., James, K., Bolderston, H., & Remington, B. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy group for treatment-resistant participants: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 179-188.
Gratz, K. L., & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with borderline personality disorder. Behavior therapy, 37(1), 25-35.
Wicksell R. K., Melin, L., Lekander, M. & Olsson, G. L. (2009). Evaluating the effectiveness of exposure and acceptance strategies to improve functioning and quality of life in longstanding pediatric pain - A randomized controlled trial. Pain, 141, 248-257.
Wicksell, R. K., Olsson, G. L., & Hayes, S. C. (2011). Mediators of change in acceptance and commitment therapy for pediatric chronic pain. Pain, 152(12), 2792-2801.
Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2013). A randomized clinical trial comparing an acceptance based behavior therapy to applied relaxation for generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol., 81, 761-773.
White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour research and therapy, 49(12), 901-907.
Wicksell, R. K., Kemani, M., Jensen, K., Kosek, E., Kadetoff, D., Sorjonen, K., ... & Olsson, G. L. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia: a randomized controlled trial. European journal of pain, 17(4), 599-611.
Morton, J., Snowdon, S., Gopold, M. & Guymer, E. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy group treatment for symptoms of borderline personality disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Gregg, J. A., Callaghan, G. M., Hayes, S. C., & Glenn-Lawson, J. L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 75(2), 336.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J. P., Schreurs, K. M. G., Spinhoven, P. (2012). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 142-151.
Jensen et al. (2012). Cognitive behavioral therapy increases pain-evoked activation of the prefrontal cortex in patients with fibromyalgeia. Pain, 153, 1495-1503.
Wetherall et al. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Pain, 152, 2098-2107.
Luciano et al. (2014). Effectiveness of group acceptance and comitment therapy for fibromyalgia: A 6-month randomized controlled trial (EFFIGACT study). Pain, 155, 693-702.
Arch, J. J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Rose, R. D., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 80(5), 750.
Arch, J. J., Wolizky-Taylor, K. B., Eifert, G. H., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50, 469-478.
Thorsell et al. (2011). A comparative study of 2 manual-based self-help interventions, acceptance and commitment therapy and applied relaxation, for persons with chronic pain. Clin J Pain, 27, 716-723.
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15, 1756-1764.
Luoma, J. B., & Vilardaga, J. P. (2013). Improving therapist psychological flexibility while training acceptance and commitment therapy: a pilot study. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 42(1), 1-8.
Hesser et al. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. Jounral of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 649-661.
Hesser, H., Westin, V. Z., Andersson (2014). Acceptance as a mediator in internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive behavior therapy for tinnitus. J Behav Med, 37, 756-767.
Forman, E. M., Chapman, J. E., Herbert, J. D., Goetter, E. M., Yuen, E. K., & Moitra, E. (2012). Using Session-by-Session Measurement to Compare Mechanisms of Action for Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 43(2), 341-354.
Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior modification, 31(6), 772-799.
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Juarascio, A. S., Bradley, L. E., Lowe, M. R., Herbert, J. D., & Shaw, J. A. (2013). The mind your health project: A randomized controlled trial of an innovative behavioral treatment for obesity. Obesity, 21, 1119-1126.
Gifford, E. V., & Lillis, J. (2009). Avoidance and inflexibility as a common clinical pathway in obesity and smoking treatment. Journal of health psychology, 14(7), 992-996.
Woods, D. W., Wetterneck, C. T., & Flessner, C. A. (2006). A controlled evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy plus habit reversal for trichotillomania. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 639-656.
Craske et al. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82, 1034-1048. & Niles et al. (2014). Cognitive mediators of treatment fo social anxiety disorder: Comparing acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. Behavior Therapy, 45, 664-677.
Bond, F. W., & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of occupational health psychology, 5(1), 156.
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010). Worksite stress management training: Moderated effects and clinical significance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(4), 347.
Flaxman, P. E. & Bond, F. W. (2010). A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48(8), 816-820.
Lloyd, J., Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2013). The value of psychological flexibility: Examining psychological mechanisms underpinning a cognitive behavioural therapy intervention for burnout. Work & Stress, 27(2), 181-199.
Juarascio, A., Shaw, J., Forman, E., Timko, C. A., Herbert, J., Butryn, M., Bunnell, D., Matteucci, A., & Lowe, M. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Novel Treatment for Eating Disorders: An Initial Test of Efficacy and Mediation. Behavior Modification, 37(4), 459–489.
Rost, A. D., Wilson, K., Buchanan, E., Hildebrandt, M. J., & Mutch, D. (2012). Improving psychological adjustment among late-stage ovarian cancer patients: examining the role of avoidance in treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral practice, 19(4), 508-517.
Hawkes, A. L., Chambers, S. K., Pakenham, K. I., Patrao, T. A., Baade, P. D., Lynch, B. M., ... & Courneya, K. S. (2013). Effects of a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention (CanChange) on health and behavioral outcomes in survivors of colorectal cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31(18), 2313-2321.
Hawkes, A. L., Pakenham, K. I., Chambers, S. K., Patrao, T. A., & Courneya, K. S. (2014). Effects of a multiple health behavior change intervention for colorectal cancer survivors on psychosocial outcomes and quality of life: a randomized controlled trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 48(3), 359-370.
ACT and Controlled Time Series and Single-Case Designs
ACT and Controlled Time Series and Single-Case DesignsThis is a starter webpage for all of the studies available on ACT as evaluated in single-case experimental designs (not case studies per se) or in controlled time-series designs.
The data are arranged in this order:
Authors, Article Title, Journal, Publication Year, Volume, Issue, Start Page, End Page, Article Number is there is one, and DOI is there is one.
If you are confused just stick the title or the DOI # in your browser and search on it in Google Scholar and the article will pop up
In press
Reeve, A; Moghaddam, N; Tickle, A; Young, D (in press). A brief acceptance and commitment intervention for work-related stress and burnout amongst frontline homelessness staff: A single case experimental design series CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PSYCHOTHERAPY DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2555
Gilsenan, CM; Yi, ZH; Hinman, JM; Barron, BF; Dixon, MR (in press). Using Relational Training to Improve Performance During Acceptance and Commitment Training Sessions BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE. DOI:10.1007/s40617-021-00574-8
Magnacca, C; Thomson, K; Marcinkiewicz, A; Davis, S; Steel, L; Lunsky, Y; Fung, K; Vause, T; Redquest, B A Telecommunication Model to Teach Facilitator to Deliver Acceptance and Commitment Training BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00628-x
Wilson, AN; Dzugan, E; Hutchinson, VD (in press). Using a Nonconcurrent Multiple-Baseline Across-Participants Design to Examine the Effects of Individualized ACT at School BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE DOI: 10.1007/s40617-021-00558-8
Issen, T; Hinman, JM; Dixon, MR (in press). Utilizing the AIM Curriculum to Improve Job Performance in an Educational Setting for Children With Autism and Related Disabilities BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE DOI: 10.1007/s40617-020-00528-6
2021
Thompson, BL; Twohig, MP; Luoma, JB (2021). Psychological Flexibility as Shared Process of Change in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Exposure and Response Prevention for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Single Case Design Study BEHAVIOR THERAPY, 52(2), 286-297.
Ong, CW; Krafft, J; Panoussi, F; Petersen, JM; Levin, ME; Twohig, MP (2021). In-person and online-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for hoarding disorder: A multiple baseline study JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 20, 108-117. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.001
Berger, E; Garcia, Y; Catagnus, R; Temple, J (2021). The effect of acceptance and commitment training on improving physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 20, 70-78. Doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.02.005
Hulbert-Williams, NJ; Norwood, SF; Gillanders, D; Finucane, AM; Spiller, J; Strachan, J; Millington, S; Kreft, J; Swash, B (2021). Brief Engagement and Acceptance Coaching for Hospice Settings (the BEACHeS study): results from a Phase I study of acceptability and initial effectiveness in people with non-curative cancer BMC PALLIATIVE CARE, 20(1), 96. DOI: 10.1186/s12904-021-00801-7
2020
Salazar, DM; Ruiz, FJ; Ramirez, ES; Cardona-Betancourt, V (2020). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Repetitive Negative Thinking for Child Depression: A Randomized Multiple-Baseline Evaluation PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD, 70(3). 373-386. DOI: 10.1007/s40732-019-00362-5
Ruiz, FJ; Luciano, C; Florez, CL; Suarez-Falcon, JC; Cardona-Betancourt, V (2020). A Multiple-Baseline Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Focused on Repetitive Negative Thinking for Comorbid Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Depression FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY, 11, 356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00356
Hill, ML; Schaefer, LW; Spencer, SD; Masuda, A (2020). Compassion-focused acceptance and commitment therapy for women with restrictive eating and problematic body-checking: A multiple baseline across participants study JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 16, 144-152. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.04.006
Spencer, SD; Masuda, A (2020). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Transdiagnostic Approach to Treatment of Behavioral Health Concerns: A Concurrent Multiple Baseline Design Across Participants CLINICAL CASE STUDIES, 19(3), 163-179. 1.53465E+15. Doi: 10.1177/1534650119897412
Little, A; Tarbox, J; Alzaabi, K (2020). Using acceptance and commitment training to enhance the effectiveness of behavioral skills training JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE, 16, 9-16. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.02.002
Pingo, JC; Dixon, MR; Paliliunas, D (2020). Intervention Enhancing Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Training on Performance Feedback for Direct Support Professional Work Performance, Stress, and Job Satisfaction BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS IN PRACTICE, 13(1), 1-10. Doi: 10.1007/s40617-019-00333-w
2019
Ruiz, FJ; Beltran, DMG; Cifuentes, AM; Falcon, JCS (2019). Single-case Experimental Design Evaluation of Repetitive Negative Thinking-Focused Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Generalized Anxiety Disorder with Couple-related Worry INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPY, 19(3), 261-276.
Dehbaneh, MA (2019). Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving interpersonal problems, quality of life, and worry in patients with body dysmorphic disorder ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE, 16, 1 em105 DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/93468
Golshani, G; Pirnia, B (2019). Comparison of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) On the Severity of Fatigue, Improvement of Sleep Quality and Resilience in a Patient with Prostate Cancer: A Single-Case Experimental Study INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT, 12, 2 e88416 DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.88416
2018
Gould, ER; Tarbox, J; Coyne, L (2018). Evaluating the effects of Acceptance and Commitment Training on the overt behavior of parents of children with autism. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 7 81 88 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.06.003
Ledari, RB; Masjedi, A; Bakhtyari, M; Zarghami, M; Nouri, R; Hosseini, H (2018). A Comparison Between the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment and Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression on Symptoms Severity and Rumination Among Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 12 3 e10742 DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.10742
Ruiz, FJ; Florez, CL; Garcia-Martin, MB; Monroy-Cifuentes, A; Barreto-Montero, K; Garcia-Beltran, DM; Riano-Hernandez, D; Sierra, MA; Suarez-Falcon, JC; Cardona-Betancourt, V; Gil-Luciano, B (2018). A multiple-baseline evaluation of a brief acceptance and commitment therapy protocol focused on repetitive negative thinking for moderate emotional disorders JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 9 1 14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.04.004
Wallin, E; Parling, T; Weineland, S; Dahl, J (2018). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Promote Value Attainment Among Individuals with overweight: A multiple baseline evaluation JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 10 41 49 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.007
2017
Cederberg, JT; Dahl, J; von Essen, L; Ljungman, G (2017). An acceptance-based intervention for children and adolescents with cancer experiencing acute pain - a single-subject study JOURNAL OF PAIN RESEARCH 10 2195 2203 10.2147/JPR.S139087
2016 and earlier
Villatte, JL; Vilardaga, R; Villatte, M; Vilardaga, JCP; Atkins, DC; Hayes, SC Acceptance and Commitment Therapy modules: Differential impact on treatment processes and outcomes BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2016 77 52 61 10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.001
Jinks, M. Regulating Eating through Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (REACT): a single case experimental design to evaluate a guided self-help intervention for individuals who are overweight or obese and engage in emotional eating. Doctoral dissertation, University of Lincoln, 2016.
Woidneck, MR; Morrison, KL; Twohig, MP Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Among Adolescents BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 2014 38 4 451 476 10.1177/0145445513510527
Harper, SK; Webb, TL; Rayner, K The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Supporting People With Intellectual Disabilities: A Narrative Review BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 2013 37 3 431 453 10.1177/0145445513476085
Dehlin, JP; Morrison, KL; Twohig, MP Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Scrupulosity in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 2013 37 3 409 430 10.1177/0145445512475134
Nastally, BL; Dixon, MR THE EFFECT OF A BRIEF ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY INTERVENTION ON THE NEAR-MISS EFFECT IN PROBLEM GAMBLERS PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2012 62 4 677 690 10.1007/BF03395828
Yadavaia, JE; Hayes, SC Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Self-Stigma Around Sexual Orientation: A Multiple Baseline Evaluation COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2012 19 4 545 559 10.1016/j.cbpra.2011.09.002
Soo, C; Tate, RL; Lane-Brown, A A Systematic Review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Managing Anxiety: Applicability for People With Acquired Brain Injury? BRAIN IMPAIRMENT 2011 12 1 54 70 10.1375/brim.12.1.54
Carrier, MH; Cote, G Evaluation of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for GAD combined with emotion regulation and acceptance-based strategies EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-REVUE EUROPEENNE DE PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE 2010 60 1 11 25 10.1016/j.erap.2009.06.002
Twohig, MP; Crosby, JM Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Treatment for Problematic Internet Pornography Viewing BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2010 41 3 285 295 10.1016/j.beth.2009.06.002
Flessner, CA; Busch, AM; Heideman, PW; Woods, DW Acceptance-enhanced behavior therapy (AEBT) for trichotillomania and chronic skin picking - Exploring the effects of component sequencing BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 2008 32 5 579 594 10.1177/0145445507313800
Twohig, MP; Shoenberger, D; Hayes, SC A preliminary 1nvestigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for marijuana dependence in adults JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS 2007 40 4 619 632 10.1901/jaba.2007.619-632
Twohig, MP; Hayes, SC; Masucla, A Increasing willingness to experience obsessions: Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2006 37 1 3 13 10.1016/j.beth.2005.02.001
Twohig, MP; Hayes, SC; Masuda, A A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for chronic skin picking BEHAVIOUR RESEARCH AND THERAPY 2006 44 10 1513 1522 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.002
Twohig, MP; Woods, DW A preliminary investigation of acceptance and commitment therapy and habit reversal as a treatment for trichotillomania BEHAVIOR THERAPY 2004 35 4 803 820 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80021-2
ACT for Reducing Attrition and/or Improving Adherence
ACT for Reducing Attrition and/or Improving AdherenceGiven that therapy can only be effective when clients are attending sessions and are actively engaging with the treatment, it is crucial to determine ways to increase adherence and reduce attrition. The following is a list of studies that determine the effectiveness of ACT in reducing drop out and/or increasing adherence or engagement in treatment (list gathered by Brandon Gaudiano).
If you are aware of similar research that is not listed here, please add it as a comment at the bottom of the page and it will be added to the list.
- Bricker, J., Miao, Z., Mull, K., Santiago-Torres, M., & Vock, D.M. (2023). Can a Single Variable Predict Early Dropout From Digital Health Interventions? Comparison of Predictive Models From Two Large Randomized Trials. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e43629. https://doi.org/10.2196/43629
- Klimczak, K.S., Twohig, M.P., Peacock, G.G., & Levin, M.E. (2023). Using peer-support coaching to improve adherence to online ACT self-help for college mental health: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 160, 104228. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2022.104228
- Masjedi, M. A., Khalatbari, J., Abolghasemi, S., Tizdast, T., & Khah, J. K. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy and Emotion-Focused Therapy on adherence to treatment in cardiac patients. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences, 7(1), 33-45.
- Abdollahi, S., Hatami, M., Manesh, F. M., & Askari, P. (2020). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on the self-care and adherence to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Archives of Health Sciences, 7(2), 78-83.
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Malins S, Biswas S, Rathbone J, Vogt W, Pye N, Levene J, Moghaddam N, Russell J. (2020) Reducing dropout in acceptance and commitment therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and problem-solving therapy for chronic pain and cancer patients using motivational interviewing. Br J Clin Psychol. 59(3):424-438. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12254
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478862/ - Rahnama, M., Sajjadian, I., & Raoufi, A. (2017). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on psychological distress and medication adherence of coronary heart patients. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 5, 34-43.
- Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 43–53. Found that those in an inpatient substance abuse program receiving ACT showed higher rates of treatment attendance following discharge compared to treatment as usual.
- White, R., Gumley, A., McTaggart, J., Rattrie, L., McConville, D., Cleare, S., & Mitchell, G. (2011). A feasibility study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for emotional dysfunction following psychosis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(12), 901–907. Found that those receiving ACT for emotional dysfunction following psychosis had a lower attrition rate compared with treatment as usual.
- Branstetter-Rost, A., Cushing, C., & Douleh, T. (2009). Personal Values and Pain Tolerance: Does a Values Intervention Add to Acceptance? The Journal of Pain, 10(8), 887–892.
- Páez-Blarrina, M., Luciano, C., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Valdivia, S., Ortega, J., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2008). The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: Comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 84–97.
- McMullen, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Stewart, I., Luciano, C., & Cochrane, A. (2008). Acceptance versus distraction: Brief instructions, metaphors and exercises in increasing tolerance for self-delivered electric shocks. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(1), 122–129.
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Marcks, B. A., & Woods, D. W. (2007). Role of thought-related beliefs and coping strategies in the escalation of intrusive thoughts: An analog to obsessive–compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(11), 2640–2651.
Masedo, A. I., & Rosa Esteve, M. (2007). Effects of suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping on pain tolerance, pain intensity and distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(2), 199–209. - Levitt, J. T., & Karekla, M. (2005). Integrating acceptance and mindfulness with cognitive behavioral treatment for panic disorder. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety (pp. 165-188). New York: Springer.
- Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 747–766.
Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews
- Karekla, M., Konstantinoua, P., Ioannoua, M., Kareklas, I., & Gloster, A. T. (2019). The phenomenon of treatment dropout, reasons and Moderators in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and other active treatments: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 1(3), 1-36. doi: 10.32872/cpe.v1i3.33058
- Ong, C. W., Lee, E. B. & Twohig, M. P. (2018). A meta-analysis of dropout rates in acceptance and commitment therapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104, 14-33. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.02.004
ACT studies in Low and Lower Middle Income Countries
ACT studies in Low and Lower Middle Income CountriesHere is a partial list of ACT studies in LMICs. This page is based on countries that comprise the 2022 World Bank Low and Lower Middle Income countries with per capita income of less than $4,095 per year.
In alphabetical order those counteries are: Afghanistan, Algeria, Angola, Bangladesh, Belize, Benin, Bhutan, Bolivia, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cabo Verde, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Egypt, El Salvador, Eritrea, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Honduras, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Kiribati, Kyrgyz, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Micronesia, Mongolia, Morocco, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, North Korea, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Rwanda, Samoa, São Tomé and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands , Somalia, South Sudan, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vanuatu, Vietnam, West Bank and Gaza, Yemen, Zambia, and Zimbabwe.
If you know of others send them to missing.studies@gmail.com
Lim, R.G., Voon, S.P., Yahya, F., Mohamad, F.S., & Ahmi, A. (2024). Global and LMIC insights into Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): A bibliometric study from 1998 to 2023. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100796. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100796
Studies in Africa
Musanje, K., Camlin, C.S., Kamya, M.R., Vanderplasschen, W., Sinclair, D.L., Getahun, M., Kirabo, H., Nangendo, J., Kiweewa, J., White, R.G., & Kasujja, R. (2023). Culturally adapting a mindfulness and acceptance-based intervention to support the mental health of adolescents on antiretroviral therapy in Uganda. PLOS Global Public Health, 3(3), e0001605. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001605
Asale, M., Ayalew, S., & Kibret, B. (2023). Enhancing academic adjustment, motivation and life satisfaction of female preparatory students using acceptance and commitment therapy. Bahir Dar Journal of Education, 21(2), 1–21. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/bdje/article/view/248116
Ekeanya, B.E., Adeniyi, S.O., Longe, O.O. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance - Commitment and Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapies on Self-Esteem of Adolescents from Broken Homes in Ogun State, Nigeria. International Journal of Educational Research, 12(1), 35-46. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijer/article/view/253809
Olayinka-Aliu, D.A. (2022). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Health and Inflexibility among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Tazkiya Journal Of Psychology, 10(2), 165-177. Retrieved from https://journal.uinjkt.ac.id/index.php/tazkiya/article/view/23175
Geda, Y.E., Krell-Roesch, J., Fisseha, Y., Tefera, A., Beyero, T., Rosenbaum, D., Szabo, T.G., Araya, M., Hayes, S.C. (2021) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in a Low-Income Country in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Call for Further Research. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 1363. DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.732800
Oluwatimilehin, A. S., Bakare, J., Okafor, E. E., & Ogbuanya, T. C. (2021). Enhancing motivation of electrical and mechanical engineering technology education students with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. International Journal of Engineering Education, 37(4), 1024-1033. Retrieved from https://www.ijee.ie/abstracts/Abstracts37-4.pdf
Tol, W. A., Leku, M. R., Lakin, D. P., Carswell, K., Augustinavicius, J., & Adaku, A. (2020). Guided self-help to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese female refugees in Uganda: a cluster randomised trial. Lancet Global Health, 8(2), E254-E263. DOI: 10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30504-2
Ebert, B., Bockarie, H., Stewart, C., Szabo, T., & White, R. G. (2020). Implementing ACT in Sierra Leone. In Levin, M. E., Twohig, M. P., & Krafft, J. (Eds), Innovations in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Clinical advancements and applications in ACT. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger.
Afusat Olanike Busari (2020). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in The Treatment of Social Anxiety Among Secondary School Students in Rural Area of Oyo State, Nigeria. Journal of Humanities Therapy, 11(1), 87 - 116. DOI: 10.33252/jht.2020.06.11.1.87
Adeyinka, T.J., Makinde, B.O., & Olusakin, A.M. (2020) Effects of acceptance-commitment therapy and social skills training on anxiety of adolescent students from father-absent families in Lagos State. International Journal of Educational Research, 7(1), 61-76. Retrieved from https://www.ajol.info/index.php/ijer/article/view/197131
Babalola, S., & Ogunyemi, A. (2019). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Social Phobia among Adolescents in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. Annual Journal of the Technical University of Varna, Bulgaria, 3(2), 54-61. DOI: http://doi.org/10.29114/ajtuv.vol3.iss2.136
Ochuba, D.A., & Abamara, N.C. (2019). Comparative effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and psycho-education on rehabilitation of patients suffering with psychoactive drugs in a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. International Journal of Health and Social Inquiry, 5, 1–18.
Tol, W. A., Augustinavicius, J., Carswell, K. Adaku, A. M., Leku, R., Brown, F. L., Garcia-Moreno, C., Ventevogel, P., White, R. G., Kogan, C.S., Bryant, R. and van Ommeren, M. (2018). Feasibility of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. World Psychiatry, 17(2), 234-235. DOI: 10.1002/wps.20537
Tol, W. A., Augustinavicius, J., Carswell, K., Brown, F. L., Adaku, A. M., Leku, R., Garcia-Moreno, C., Ventevogel, P., White, R. G. and van Ommeren, M. (2018). Translation, adaptation, and pilot of a guided self-help intervention to reduce psychological distress in South Sudanese refugees in Uganda. Global Mental Health. DOI 10.1017/gmh.2018.14
Brown, F. L., Carswell, K., Augustinavicius, J., Adaku, A. M., Leku, R., White, R. G., Ventevogel, P., Kogan, C.S., Garcia-Moreno, C., Bryant, R.A., Musci, R.J. van Ommeren, M., Tol, W. A. (2018). Self Help Plus: study protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial of guided self-help with South Sudanese refugee women in Uganda. Global mental health (Cambridge, England), 5, e27. DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2018.17
Stewart, C., Ebert, B., & Bockarie, H. (2017). Commit and act in Sierra Leone. In The Palgrave handbook of sociocultural perspectives on global mental health (pp. 657-678). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
Stewart, C., White, R.G., Ebert, B., Mays, I., Nardozzi, J., Bocakrie, H. (2016). A preliminary evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) training in Sierra Leone. Journal of Contextual Behavioural Science, 5(1), 16-22.
Oluwole, A.D. (2016). Effectiveness of dialectical Behaviour and Acceptance Commitment Therapies in enhancing social competence of spiritually-abused adolescents in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Applied Behavioural Sciences, 3 (June)2015, 310 - 329
Ishola, A., & Chipps, J. (2015). The use of mobile phones to deliver acceptance and commitment therapy in the prevention of mother–child HIV transmission in Nigeria. Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare, 21(8), 423–426. DOI: 10.1177/1357633X15605408
White, R., and Ebert, B. (2014) Working globally, thinking locally: providing psychosocial intervention training in Sierra Leone. Clinical Psychology Forum, 258, 41-45.
Ogundayo, D.A. (2007). Dialectical Behaviour and Acceptance-Commitment Strategies for Enhancing Social Competence of Spiritually-Abused Adolescents in Ibadan. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, University of Ibadan.
Studies in the Middle East and Northern Africa
Alam, F.H., EL Berry, K.I., Sweelam, R.K.M, Arrab, M.M., & Shehata, H.S. (2023). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Intervention on Stress, Future Anxiety and Quality of Life among Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. International Egyptian Journal of Nursing Sciences and Research (IEJNSR), 3(2), 281-306. https://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejnsr.2023.277922
Full Text: https://contextualscience.org/files/AlamELBerrySweelamArrabShehata2023.pdf
Acarturk, C., Uygun, E., Ilkkursun, Z., Carswell, K., Tedeschi, F., Batu, M., Eskici, S., Kurt, G., Anttila, M., Au, T., Baumgartner, J., Churchill, R., Cuijpers, P., Becker, T., Koesters, M., Lantta, T., Nosè, M., Ostuzzi, G., Popa, M., Purgato, M., Sijbrandij, M., Turrini, G., Välimäki, M., Walker, L., Wancata, J., Zanini, E., White, R.G., van Ommeren, M. and Barbui, C. (2022). Effectiveness of a WHO self-help psychological intervention for preventing mental disorders among Syrian refugees in Turkey: a randomized controlled trial. World Psychiatry, 21, 88-95. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20939
Shalaby, Dalia Naim Abdel Wahab. (2021). فعالية برنامج تدريبي مبنى على فنيات "العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام" في خدمة الفرد وتنمية الشعور بالسعادة لدى الاخصائيين الاجتماعيين العاملين في المجال الطبي [The effectiveness of a training program based on the techniques of "acceptance and commitment therapy" in serving the individual and developing a sense of happiness among social workers working in the medical field]. Journal of the College of Social Work for Social Studies and Research, 23(23.1), 249-328. DOI: 10.21608/jfss.2021.156724
Shaheen, M.M.M. (2021). فاعلية العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام في خدمة الفرد في تحسين السلوک الاجتماعي لدى الأطفال مجهولي النسب [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in the service of the individual in improving social behavior among children of unknown parentage]. Journal of the College of Social Work for Social Studies and Research, 23(2), 329-396. DOI: 10.21608/jfss.2021.156735
Abdel-Al Ahmed Abdel-Al, Ghada. (2021). فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام للتخفيف من الوصمة الاجتماعية لدى أمهات أطفال متلازمة داون [Efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy to reduce social stigma in mothers of children with Down syndrome]. Studies in Social Work, 55(3), 719-758. DOI: 10.21608/dss.2021.86803.1053
Abdullah, Ashgan. (2021). أساليب العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام مع مريضات سرطان الثدي الإنتشاري [Acceptance and adherence treatment approaches with metastatic breast cancer patients]. Scientific Journal of Social Work, 13(1), 20-35. DOI: 10.21608/aial.2021.55728.1031
Bougueffa, I. (2020) فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والإلتزام في التخفيف من أعراض الوسواس القهري [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in relieving OCD symptoms]. Dissertation, University of Batna, Algeria. Retrieved from http://dspace.univ-batna.dz/handle/123456789/1210
لفتاح الفنجري, حسن, شعبان أحمد, محمد, مهنى عراقى, الزهراء. (2020 )فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام في خفض الشعور بقلق الموت لتحسين مؤشرات جودة الحياة لدى أمهات أطفال الأوتيزم [Effectiveness Of Acceptance And Commitment Therapy In Reducing Sense Of Death Anxiety and Improving Indicators Of Quality Of Life Among Mother Of Children With Autism Disorder] . المجلة العلمية للدراسات و البحوث التربوية والنوعية 11 (1), 173-196.
Abdul Rashid, Nasser Sayed Jumaa, Shaaban, Mona Ahmed Mohamed. (2019). فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والالتزام في خفض مستوى ممارسة الألعاب الالکترونية لدى المراهقين [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in reducing the level of playing electronic games among adolescents]. Educational and psychological studies. Journal of the Faculty of Education in Zagazig, 34 (105), 293-388. DOI: 10.21608/sec.2019.81139
Ismail, Aya. (2019). مدى فعالية العلاج بالقبول والالتزام في تحسين المرونة النفسية لدى ذوى الشعور بالوحدة النفسية من المعاقين بصريًا [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in improving the psychological resilience of visually impaired individuals with a sense of loneliness]. Studies in psychological and educational counseling, 6 (sixth), 1-24. DOI: 10.21608/dapt.2019.110810
Rashwan, B.M. (2019). استخدام العلاج بالتقبل والإلتزام من منظور خدمة الفرد فى الحد من مشکلات النفسية الاجتماعية لمرضى الفشل الکلوى [The use of acceptance and commitment therapy from the perspective of individual service in reducing the psychosocial problems of patients with renal failure]. Journal of Social Work, 62(3), 31-80. DOI: 10.21608/egjsw.2019.172569
Hamid, F. [et al. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Palestinian version of the acceptance and action questionnaire-ii (AAQ-II) applied in the Gaza strip. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 5(3), 52-59. https://search.emarefa.net/detail/BIM-765436
Studies in Asia
Juaninda, C. P., & Oriza, I. I. D. (2024). Let’s MOVE: Empowering emerging adulthood lives with ACT Training for greater well-being and self-compassion. Bulletin of Counseling and Psychotherapy, 6(3). (Study conducted in Indonesia) https://journal.kurasinstitute.com/index.php/bocp/article/view/1132
Gul, M., Aqeel, M., & Shaqoor, S. (2022). A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized controlled feasibility trial in Pakistan for treatment of self-stigma and shame in substance use disorders through acceptance and commitment therapy. Nature-Nurture Journal of Psychology, 2(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.53107/nnjp.v2i1.60
Sari, N., Utami, M.S.S., & Rahayu, E. (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Reducing Depression in Post-Stroke Patients. Philanthropy, Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 13-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v6i1.4681
Gul, M. & Aqeel, M. (2021). Acceptance and commitment therapy for treatment of stigma and shame in substance use disorders: a double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial. Journal of Substance Use, 26(4), 413-419. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2020.1846803
Khanam, F., Sharma, M.P., & Chaturvedi, S.K. (2019) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Patients with Somatic Symptom Disorder: A Case Series. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 46(1), 46-51. Retrieved from https://ijcp.co.in/downloads/ijcp/2019fa.pdf
Wahyun, E., Nurihsan, J., & Yusuf, S. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to enhance students' wellness. Journal of Evidence - Based Psychotherapies, 19(1), 91-113. (Study conducted in Indonesia; pdf is attached to this page)
Wicaksana, I. G. A. T., Wahju, T., Eko, R., & Yudara, P. (2018). The effect of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on anxiety levels in elderly living at Panti Sosial Tresna Werdha (PSTW) Bali. Public Health of Indonesia, 4, 83-90. Full Text: http://stikbar.org/ycabpublisher/index.php/PHI/article/view/193
Poddar, S., Sinha, V.K., & Mukherjee, U. (2017). Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Valuing Behaviour of Parents of Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Psychology and Behavioral Science International Journal, 3(3), 555614. DOI: 10.19080/PBSIJ.2017.03.555614
Datta, A., Aditya, C., Chakraborty, A. et al. (2016). The Potential Utility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Reducing Stress and Improving Wellbeing in Cancer Patients in Kolkata. J Canc Educ, 31, 721–729. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-015-0935-8
Suhardin, S., Kusnanto, K., & Krisnana, I. (2016). Acceptance And Commitment Therapy (ACT) Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup Pasien Kanker. Jurnal Ners, 11(1), 118-127. (Indonesian)
Poddar, S., Sinha, V.K., Mukherjee, U. (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Parents of Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders. International Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches, 1(3), 221-225. DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.158331
Poddar, S., Sinha, V. K., & Mukherjee, U. (2015). Challenges of parents having developmentally challenged children. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 4(4), 604-605. DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.174330
George, Betcy; de Guzman, Rosalito G. (2015) Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy based intervention program (ACTP) on perceived stress and emotion regulation among alcoholics in Kerala, India. Indian Journal of Positive Psychology; Hisar, 6(1), 10-18. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/6046e23ff30be79dbe497c472ab237d4/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=2032133
Widjijati, Wahyuningsih, D, & Fitriyani, A. (2014). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) Application Toward Self Acceptance and Commitment to prevent the transmission of HIV/AIDS. Link, 10(1).
Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Yardi, N., & Melin, J. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Yoga for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy and Behavior, 13, 102-108. https://contextualscience.org/files/ACTYOGA.pdf
Studies in Iran
Dehaghi, A. A., Dolatshahi, B., Taremian, F., Pourshahbaz, A., & Ansari, H. (2022). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Islamic Aspects as A Treatment for Scrupulosity in A Case Study. Journal of Organizational Behavior Research, 7(2), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.51847/Fa3ED8HrzB
Ramezanzadeh, D. & Manshaee, G. (2016). The impact of ACT on pain catastrophizing: The case of hemodialysis patients in Iran. The International Journal of Educational and Psychological Researches, 9(2), 69-75. DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.178868 Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2016/2/2/69/178868
Rasooli Ali Abadi, B. & Kalantari, M. (2018). Based on ACT on Depression, Self-Esteem and Body Image Concerns, after the First Birth of Women in Kashan City. The Journal of Avicenna Nurse Midwifery Care, 26(2), 103-112. DOI: 10.30699/sjhnmf.26.2.103 Retrieved from: http://nmj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1748-en.html
Khayatan, SH., Aghaei,A., Abedi, M.R., & Golparvar, M. (2020). Comparison of CFT- ACT Combined Therapy with CBT on Psychological Well- Being in Diabetic Women. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity (IJDO), 12(2), 69-75. DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v12i2.4044 Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-557-en.html
Eghrari, E., Bayazi, MH., & Rajayi, AR. (2021). Comparing of the Effects of ACT and Emotion Regulation Training on Diabetes Empowerment. The Journal of Client-centered Nursing Care (JCCNC), 7 (1), 55-64. DOI: 10.32598/JCCNC.7.1.356.1 Full Text Available Through: http://jccnc.iums.ac.ir/article-1-296-en.html
Hosseini, SF., Tanha, Z., Karimi, J., & Ghadampour, E. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies and Cognitive Flexibility in Gastrointestinal Patients. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 23(2), 91-110. Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3139-en.html
Samadi, ES., Hasanzadeh, R., & Dousti, Y. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on Achievement Motivation and Quality of Life among Female High School Students in Sari. The Journal of Community Health, 5(2), 151-158. DOI: 10.22037/ch.v5i2.20839 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/20839/15288
Toghiani, Z., Ghasemi, F., & Samouei, R. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on social anxiety in female dormitory residents in Isfahan university of medical sciences. The journal of Education and Health Promotion (J Edu Health Promot), 8(41), 41-46. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_111_18 Retrieved from: https://www.jehp.net/text.asp?2019/8/1/41/252321
Taghavizade Ardakani, M., Akbari, B., Hossein Khanzade, AA., & Moshkbide Haghighi, M. (2019). Comparing the Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and ACT on the Perfectionism of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The journal of Horizon Med Sci, 26(1), 24-37. DOI: 10.32598/hms.26.1.3093.1 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3249-en.html
FakouriJoybari, Z., Hasanzadeh, R., & Abbasi, GH. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Self-Differentiation and Mental Health Among Veterans' Children. The Journal of Community Health, 6(3), 314-326. DOI: 10.22037/ch.v6i3.24470 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/24470/17138
Zemestani, M., Hosseini, M., Petersen, J. M., & Twohig, M. P. (2022). A pilot randomized controlled trial of culturally-adapted, telehealth group acceptance and commitment therapy for Iranian adolescent females reporting symptoms of anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 145-152.
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Zemestani, M., Salavati, M., Seyedolshohadayi, A., Petersen, J. M., Ong, C. W., Twohig, M. P., & Ghaderi, E. (2022). A preliminary examination of acceptance and commitment therapy versus exposure and response prevention for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder on an optimal dose of SSRIs: A randomized controlled trial in Iran. Behavior Modification, 46(3), 553-580.
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Zemestani, M., & Mozaffari, S. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of depression in persons with physical disability: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation, 34(7), 938-947.
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Moghaddam Dizaj Herik, N., Moheb, N., Banaeifar, A A., & Agha Mohammadzadeh, N. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT and Combined with Aerobic Training on Anxiety Symptoms, Insulin Resistance and Lipid Profile in Women with Type 2 Diabetes. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences (IJDO), 13(1), 33-39. DOI: 10.18502/ijdo.v13i1.5748 Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-609-en.html
Haji Seyed Javadi, T., Aghareb Parast, N., Shahsavani, S., Chehraghi, M. J., Razavi, L., Rahmani, S., & Nejati, S. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Group Therapy with ACT on Severity of Pain and Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Migraine. The International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 6(3), 111-117. DOI: 10.15171/icnj.2019.21 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/25636
Habibollahi, A. & Soltanizadeh, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Obsessions-Compulsions in Girl Adolescents with Body Dysmorphic Disorder. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(4), 1-10. Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-149-en.html
Daneshi, R., Hafezi, F., & Homaei, H. (2021). Comparing the Effect of Schema Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Treatment on Psychological Well-Being among Individuals with Vitiligo Skin Disease: A Pilot Study. The Journal of Salamat Ijtimai (Community Health), 8(1), 104-115. DOI: 10.22037/ch.v8i1.31261 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/download/31261/20216
Sadri Damirch, E., Esmaeili Ghazivaoloii, F., Fathi, D., Mehraban, S., & Ahmadboukani, S. (2019). Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy Based on Admission and Commitment to Body Dysmorphic Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in Women with Breast Cancer. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 17(4), 351-358. DOI: 10.32598/irj.17.4.351 Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-981-en.html
Keyvani, E. & Bolghan Abadi, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Improving Self-Concept, Depression, and Anxiety in Obese Women. International Archives of Health Sciences (IAHS) Int Arch Health Sci, 8(2), 79-83. DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_117_20 Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2021/8/2/79/319809
Ghalkhani, E., Sabahi, P., Tabatabaee, M., & Rahimian, E., Shahbazi, A. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Autobiographical Memory in non-Clinical Sample of Depressed People. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 4(1), 66-75. Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-294-en.html
Dehghani, A., Rezaei dehnavi, S. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on Quality of Life among Patients under Methadone Maintenance Treatment. Horizon Med Sci, 24(3), 246-252. Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-2855-en.html
Rezapour, P., Borjali, A., Hatamian, H., Shafaei, F., & Janalipour, K. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT in Pain Control in Multiple Sclerotic Women. Caspian.J.Neurol.Sci, 4(2), 64-70. DOI: 10.29252/cjns.4.13.64 Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-153-en.html
Azimifar, S., & Fatehizadeh, M., & Bahrami, F., & Ahmadi, A., &Abedi, A. (2016). Comparing the Effects of Cognitive- Behavioral Couple Therapy & ACT on Marital Happiness of Dissatisfied Couples. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 3(2), 56-81. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=568467
Gholamhoseini, B., & Khodabakhshi Koolaee, A., & Taghvaei, D. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Depression and Body Image in Women with Obesity. Commonity Health, 2(2), 72-79. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=508883
Asqari, S., Donyavi R. (2021). The effect of ACT on the life expectancy in patients with multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Nurse Midwifery Sci, 7(4), 69-74. DOI: 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_8_17 Retrieved from: https://www.jnmsjournal.org/text.asp 2017/4/3/69/228883
Karami, A., Omrani, R., & Danaei, N. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ACT on Anxiety and Depression in Premature Infants Mothers. Clinical Psychology Studies, 8(31), 139-156. DOI: 10.22054/JCPS.2018.8797 Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_8797_46b16c4ee17460f9c9e82536f77d9ed8.pdf?lang=en
Mohagheghi, H., Dousti, P., & Jafari, D. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Reduction, Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia and Health Anxiety in Students. Clinical Psychology Studies, 6(23), 81-94. DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2016.4559 Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_4559_21393244187ee01a355b2924e2a5853c.pdf?lang=en
Haghayegh, SA. (2020). The effect of treatment based on the ACT on infertility, satisfaction of marriage and attitude toward to the infertility in sterile women. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(2), 13-25. DOI: 10.52547/shenakht.7.2.13 Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-866-en.html
Fathi Ahmadsaraei, N., Neshat doost, HT., Manshaee, GR., & Nadi, MA. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Quality of Life among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 4(1), 31-39. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.ihepsaj.4.1.31 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-376-en.html
Sahebari, M., Asghari, Ebrahimabad, MJ., Ahmadi, A., Aghamohamadian, HR., & Khodashahi, M. (2019). Efficacy of ACT in Reducing Disappointment, Psychological Distress, and Psychasthenia among Systemic lupus Erythematosus (SLE) Patients. The Iran Journal of Psychiatry, 14(2), 130-136. DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v14i2.992 Retrieved from: https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/1393/865
Azimifar, S., Jazayeri, R., Fatehizade, M., & Abedi, A. (2019). Studying the effects of parenting ACT on mothers´ self- efficacy regarding children´ externalizing behavior problems. The Journal of Family Research, 14(3), 443-457. Retrieved from: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97681_74d9832d3ddde21f4dff9c1ed7238714.pdf?lang=en
Aghayosefi, A., Alipour, A., Rahimi, M., & Abaspour, P. (2018). Investigation of the Efficacy of ACT on Psychological Indices (Stress, Quality of life, and Coping strategies) among the Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 35(461), 1859-1866. DOI: 10.22122/jims.v35i461.9219 Retrieved from: http://jims.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jims/article/download/9219/8114
Pourkazem, M., Fereidani, F., & Eshghi Nogourani, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment to Improving Psychological Well-Being of Transsexual Individuals Esfahan. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(1), 29-41. DOI: 10.29252/shenakht.5.1.29 Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-460-en.pdf
Nazari, A., Falahzade, H., & Nazarboland, N. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT (ACT) on women’s marital disaffection and marital quality. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 433-452. DOI: 20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.4.7.0 Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_96932_5eaa23b264c293c8688ce8c509bfdb7d.pdf?lang=en
Mohammadi, M., Farhoudian, A., Shoaee, F., Younesi, SJ., & Dolatshahi, B. (2015). Aggression in Juvenile Delinquents and Mental Rehabilitation Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 13(2), 5-9. Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-419-en.html
Akhavan Bitaghsir, Z., Sanaee Zaker, B., Navabinejad, S., & Farzad, VA. (2017). Comparetive of Emotional Focused Couple Therapy and ACT on Marital Adjustment and Marital Satisfaction. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 5(2), 121-128. DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.2.121 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-612-en.html
Esfahani, A., Zeinali, S., & Kiani, R. (2020). Effect of ACT on Pain-Related Anxiety and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Breast Cancer Patients: A Clinical Trail. The Journl of Arak Uni Med Sci, 23(2),138-149. DOI: 10.32598/JAMS.23.2.3364.2 Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-6144-en.html
Aslizad, M., & Manshaee, G., & Ghamarani, A. (2020). Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Intolerance of uncertainty of The Students with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 9(36), 33-53. DOI: 10.22054/JPE.2019.44480.2027 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=740961
Baghban Baghestan, A., Aerab Sheibani, K., & Javedani Masrur, M. (2017). Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Disease Perception and Psychological Capital in Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 23(2), 135-140. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.hms.23.2.135 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-2514-en.html
Akbari Torkestani, N., Ramezannejad, P., Abedi, M., Eshrati, B., Nekoobahr, A., & Ramezannejad, P. (2017). Effect of Premarital Counseling with ACT-Based Approach on Sexual Function. The Journal of Arak Uni Med Sci, 19(12), 34-42. Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-4600-en.html
Hasanzadeh, M., Akbari, B., & Abolghasemi, A. (2019). Efficiency of ACT on Psychological Well-being and Sexual Function in Women with Infertility History. The Avicenna Journal Nurse Midwifery Care, 27(4), 250-259. DOI: 10.30699/ajnmc.27.4.250 Retrieved from: http://nmj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1899-en.html
Mirshekar, S., Hashemi, SE., Mehrabizade Honarmand, M., & Arshadi, N. (2020). Effectiveness of Psychological Flexibility Training based on ACT on Emotional Burn Out and Emotional Labor among Nurses Working at Hospitals in Ahvaz, Iran. The Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 28(4), 90-99. DOI: 10.29252/sjimu.28.4.90 Retrieved from: http://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-5359-en.html
Naeimi, E., & Mazaheri, Z. (2017). The Effect of ACT on Career Adaptability. The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 7(27), 161-180. DOI: 10.22054/JCPS.2017.7912 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=606462
Mohammadi, M., Hassani, F., Emamipour, S., & Golshani, F. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and ACT in Reducing Craving in Women Consuming Crystal Drug. The Journal of Novelty in Biomedicine, 8(3), 109-116. DOI: 10.22037/nbm.v1i1.25226 Retrieved from: 10.22037/nbm.v1i1.25226
Ahmadi Ghahnaviyeh, L., BAGHERIAN, R., FEIZI, A., Afshari, A., & MOSTAFAVI DARANI, F. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Quality of Life in a Patient with Myocardial Infarction: A Randomized Control Trial. The Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, 15(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.18502/ijps.v15i1.2434 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=717949
Fathi, S., Poyamanesh, J., Ghamari, M., & Fathi Agdam, G. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of an Emotion-Based Therapy and a Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on the Quality of Life of Women with Chronic Headache. The Journal of Feyz, 24(3), 302-311. Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-4145-en.html
Zemestani, M., Gholizadeh, Z., & Alaei, M. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT on Depression and Anxiety of ADHD Childrens' Mothers. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 61-84. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.25533.1638 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9039_2dbe6481683b54c326d5a77fa2a1f340.pdf?lang=en
Asqari, S. & Donyavi, R. (2017). The effectiveness of ACT on the fear of death in patients with multiple sclerosis. The Journal of Nurse Midwifery Sci, 9(4),125-9. DOI: 10.4103/JNMS.JNMS_7_17 Retrieved from: https://www.jnmsjournal.org/text.asp?2017/4/4/125/228882
MirMoeini, P., Bayazi, M., & Khalatbari, J. (2021). Comparing the Effectiveness of ACT with Compassion Focused Therapy on loneliness in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 22(4), 132-145. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=822747
Fazeli Kebria, M., Hassanzadeh, R., Mirzaeian, B., & Khajevand Khosheli, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Psychological Capital in Cardiovascular Patients in Babol. The Journal of Babol University of Medical Sciences (JBUMS), 20(4), 68-73. DOI: 10.18869/acadpub.jbums.20.4.68 Retrieved from: http://jbums.org/article-1-7320-en.html
Ayn Beygi, A., Soleimanian, AA., & Jajarmi, M. (2020). The Comparison of the effectiveness of ACT and existentialism therapy on increasing psychological capital in the elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(2), 165-178. DOI: 10.22126/JAP.2020.5484.1440 Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1521_4a407c2dc72163b99f5a9e8978178d87.pdf
Zahiri, S., Dehghani, A., & Izady, R. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT Enriched with Compassion Focus Therapy (CFT) for High School Males Obsession with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(4), 93-108. DOI: 10.22051/psy.2018.15195.1401 Retrieved from:https://psychstudies.alzahra.ac.ir/m/article_3126_d20cb2e70894fbc91a225fc47b6a33a3.pdf?lang=en
Moghbel Esfahani, S., & Haghayegh, SA. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Resilience, Meaning in Life, and Family Function in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 25(4), 298-311. DOI: 10.32598/hms.25.4.298 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3054-en.html
Mousavi, SM., Kraskian Mujembari, A., Hassani Abharian, P., & Pashang, S. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Therapy (ACT Rehab) on Quality of Life, Severity and Duration of Pain; in Women with Chronic Low Back Pain. The Iranian Rehabilitation Journal, 16(1), 103-110. DOI: 10.29252/nrip.irj.16.1.103 Retrieved from: http://irj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-823-en.html
Gharaee Ardakani, S., Azadfallah, P., Eydi-baygi, M., Zafarizade, A., & Tork, M. (2017). Effect of ACT on the acceptance of pain and psychological inflexibility among women with chronic headache. The Journal of Research Health, 7(2), 729-735. Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-814-en.html
Ghomian, S., Shairi, M. (2014). The Effectiveness of ACT for Children with Chronic Pain on the Quality of Life on 7 to12 Year-Old Children. The International Journal of Pediatrics, 2(3.2), 47-55. DOI: 10.22038/ijp.2014.2995 Retrieved from: https://ijp.mums.ac.ir/article_2995_de7c6109e04a4a9f158fb7e788436210.pdf
Kakavand, A., Baqeri, M., & Shirmohammadi, F. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Stress Reduction in Afflicted Elderly Men to Heart Diseases. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 1(3), 169-178. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_336_0e981c09b14928b4e8b4aeb7481177b4.pdf?lang=en
Noori, L., Moradi Shakib, A., Ezazi Bojnourdi, E., Adib, F., & Ashoori, J. (2018). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Social and Health Adjustment of Nursing Students. The Avicenna Journal of Nurse Midwifery Care, 25(5), 172-179. DOI: 10.30699/sjhnmf.26.5.3 Retrieved from: http://nmj.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-1689-en.html
Pirhayati, Z., Barghi Irani, Z. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Treatment on Mental Health and Cognitive Function in Elderly People with Age-Related Macular Degradation. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(2), 137-146. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_748_bacb668eb50c263b22db8d44de6d1cf2.pdf?lang=en
Faryabi, M., Rafieepoor, A., hajializade, K., & Khodaverdian, S. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Anxiety, Perceived Stress and Pain Coping Strategies for Patients with Leukemia. The Journal of Feyz, 24(4), 424-432. Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-4099-en.html
Solgi, Z. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT (ACT) on insecure attachment, fear of intimacy, and addiction to social networks in teenagers with suicidal history. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(4), 535-555. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=671457
Kazemeyni, M., Bakhtiari, M., & Nouri, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment group therapy on Postpartum Depression and Psychological Flexibility. The Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 6(4), 20-31. Retrieved from: http://jcnm.skums.ac.ir/article-1-691-en.html
Abdollahpour, M., Hafezi, F., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Naderi, F., & Pasha, R. (2019). Comparing the Effectiveness of Narrative Therapy and ACT, in Quality of Life and Existential Anxiety on Elders. The Journal of Applied Psychological Research Quarterly, 10(3), 133-146. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=720295
Zamanian, S., Danesh, E., Bolhari, J., Ahadi, H., & Ghahari, S. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Spiritual Therapy on the Death Anxiety of Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 5(1), 48-61. DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v5i1.24189 Retrieved from: 10.22037/sdh.v5i1.24189
Khalifeh Soltani, FAS., & Borhani, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Pain Severity, Perceived Stress, and Aggression in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis in Isfahan, Iran. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(1), 35-41. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v6i1.148 Retrieved from: 10.22122/ijbmc.v6i1.148
Amiri, M., Maroufi, M., & Sadeghi, M. (2017). The effectiveness of ACT on psychological, social and spiritual health of the patients with angina pectoris. The Int Journal of Educ Psychol Res, 9(3), 240-4. DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.225099 Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/4/240/225099
Khayatan, S., Aghaei, A., Abedi, M., & Golparvar, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Compassion- Acceptance and Commitment Combined Therapy with Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy on Interpersonal Forgiveness in Female Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 10(4), 194-203. Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-449-en.html
Vaghee, S., Kashani Lotfabadi, M., Salarhaji, A., Vaghei, N., & Hashemi, BM. (2018). Comparing the Effects of Contact-Based Education and Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training on Empathy Toward Mental Illnesses Among Nursing Students. The Iran Journal of Psychiatry, 13(2), 119-127. Retrieved from: https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/891/727
Khoramnia, S., Bavafa, A., Jaberghaderi, N., Parvizifard, A., Foroughi, A., Ahmadi, M., & Amiri, S. (2020). The effectiveness of ACT for social anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial. The Journal of Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 42(1), 30–38. DOI: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0003 Retrieved from: 10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0003
Moradi, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2020). Comparison of the effectiveness of positivist psychotherapy with acceptance-based therapy and commitment to the character traits of women with rheumatoid arthritis. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 7(3), 32-49. DOI: 10.52547/shenakht.7.3.32 Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-923-en.html
Hashemi, Z., Afshari, A., & Einy, S. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Education on Improving the Mental Health and Quality of Life of Elderly People with Cancer. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 8(2), 160-171. DOI: 10.52547/shenakht.7.3.32 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1315-en.html
Khaledinia, A., Makvandi, B., Asgari, P., & Pasha, R. (2021). Comparison of Group Psychotherapy Effectiveness based on ACT Matrix with Group Behavioral Activation Therapy on Quality of Life and Alexithymia in Depress Mood Females. The Journl of Women’s Health Bulletin, 8(1), 26-36. DOI: 10.30476/whb.2021.87951.1082 Retrieved from: https://womenshealthbulletin.sums.ac.ir/article_47272_6bdd59b767de1bd8679ca5efb04d0f89.pdf.
Johari Fard, R., & Moradkhani, F. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT on Hardiness, Procrastination, and Frustration Tolerance in Students of Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Iran. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 5(4), 221-228. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v5i4.140 Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/140/124
Molavi, P., Pourabdol, S., & Azarkolah, A. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Posttraumatic Cognitions and Psychological Inflexibility among Students with Trauma Exposure. The Journal of Arch Trauma Res, 9(9), 69-74. DOI: 10.4103/atr.atr_100_19 Retrieved from: https://www.archtrauma.com/text.asp?2020/9/2/69/285476
Mohammadi, L., Salehzade Abarghoei, M., & Nasirian, M. (2015). Effectiveness of ACT on Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Men under Methadone Treatment. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 23(9), 853-861. Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3206-en.html
Amani, A., & Isanejad, O., & Alipour, E. (2018). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Marital Distress, Marital Conflict and Optimism in Married Women Visited the Counseling Center of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation in Kermanshah. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 5(1), 42-64. DOI: 10.29252/shenakht.5.1.42 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=605292
Hasannezhad Reskati, M., Mirzaian, B., & Hosseini, SH. (2020). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment-Based Training on Difficulty in Emotion Regulation and Health in Women with Breast Cancer: A clinical trial study. The Journal of Gorgan Univ Med Sci, 21(4), 22-28. Retrieved from: http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3573-en.html
Boostani, M., Ezadikhah, Z., & Sadeghi, M. (2017). Effectiveness of Group-Based ACT on the Difficulty Emotional Regulation and Distress Tolerance Patients with Essential Hypertension. The International Journal of Educ Psychol Res, 10(3), 205-211. DOI: 10.4103/2395-2296.204118 Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/3/205/204118
Anvari, M., Ebrahimi, A., Neshatdoost, H., Afshar, H., & Abedi, A. (2014). The Effectiveness of Group-Based ACT on Pain-Related Anxiety, Acceptance of Pain and Pain Intensity in Patients with Chronic Pain. The Journal of Isfahan Medical School, 32(295), 1156-1165. Retrieved from http://jims.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jims/article/view/3327
Sayafi, S., Sotodeh Asl, N., & Ebrahimi Varkiani, M. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT and Positive Psychotherapy on Emotional Self-Regulation of Women with Coronary Heart Disease. The Journal of Inflammatory Diseases, 24(6), 532-543. DOI: 10.32598/JQUMS.24.6.6 Retrieved from: http://journal.qums.ac.ir/article-1-3114-en.html
Veiskarami, H., Khodaei, S., & Ghazanfari, F. (2020). A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Metacognitive Group Therapy and ACT on the Cognitive Distortions of Students with Social Anxiety Disorder. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 21(4), 86-105. Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-2887-en.html
Omidi, A., & Talighi, E. (2017). The Effectiveness of Marital Therapy based on Acceptance and Commitment on Couples’ Marital Satisfaction and Quality of Life. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 4(1), 46-51. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v4i1.80 Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/80/64
Taghavizade Ardakani, M., Akbari, B., Hossein Khanzade, AA., & Moshkbide Haghighi, M. (2019). Comparing the Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and ACT on the Perfectionism of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 26(1), 24-37. DOI: 10.32598/hms.26.1.3093.1 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3249-en.html
Fasihi, R., Asadi, J., Hassanzadeh, R., & Derakhshanpour, F. (2019). Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and ACT on Irrational Beliefs of Medical Students. The Journal of Gorgan Univ Med Sci, 20(4), 61-68. Retrieved from: http://goums.ac.ir/journal/article-1-3469-en.html
Amirian, K., Mami, S., Ahmadi, V., & Mohamadzadeh, J. (2018). Effectiveness of Group Psychotherapy Based on ACT on Difficultes Emotion Regulation and Distress Tolerance in Substance Abusers. The Journal of Educ Community Health, 5(2), 53-61. DOI: 10.21859/jech.5.2.53 Retrieved from: http://jech.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-409-en.html
Abdolazimi, M., & Niknam, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Social Support Perception and Body Dissatisfaction in the Elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(1), 13-25. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1124_a846a8bd6c2444781aada2551292af97.pdf?lang=en
AZIZI, A., & GHASEMI, S. (2017). Comparison the Effectiveness of Solution-Focused Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Quality of Life in Divorced Women. The Journal of Counseling culture and psychotherapy, 8(29), 207-236. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=606346
Ghadampour, E., Radmehr, P., & Yousefvand, L. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Treatment on Social Competence and Life Expectancy of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Armaghan danesh, 21(11), 1100-1114. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=540364
Golparvar, M., & Akbari, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Integrative Acceptance Commitment-Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (ACT-CBT) and Parent Management Training (PMT) on the Affective Capital of Adolescent Boy with Sexual Abuse. The Journal of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 10(39), 71-98. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=688236
Taghvaei, D., Jahangiri, MM., & Zarebidaki, Z. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Flexibility and Health Promotion Among Mothers with Autistic Children. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 7(2), 143-153. DOI: 10.30699/ijhehp.7.2.143 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1007-en.html
Shiralinia, K., Abdollahi musavi, H., & Khojastemehr, R. (2018). The effectiveness of Group ACT on Parenting Stress and Psychological Flexibility in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7(28), 21-44. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.26885.1695 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_8680_140deb7024837bd3019da6b8d361acd3.pdf?lang=en
Zare Bidaki, Z., & Jahangiri, M. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment-based Therapy on Psychological Flexibility among Mothers with Autistic Children. The Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ), 21(7), 39-47. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=685480
Sobouhi, R., Fatehizade, MA., Ahmadi, SA., & Etemadi, O. (2015). The Effect of Counseling-Based on ACT on the Quality of Life of Women Attending the Cultural Centers of the City. The Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry, 2(1), 42-53. Retrieved from: http://shenakht.muk.ac.ir/article-1-89-en.html
Baghernezhad, O., Hasanzadeh, R., & Abbasi, G. (2019). Comparing the Efficacy of ACT and Solution Focused Brief Therapy on Unconditional Self-Acceptance and Pain Anxiety among Patients with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Community Health, 6(3), 253-263. DOI: 10.32598/ajnpp.4.3.320 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=803372
Esmaeili, L., Amiri, S., Reza Abedi, M., & Molavi, H. (2018). The Effect of ACT Focused on Self -Compassion on Social Anxiety of Adolescent Girls. The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 8(30), 117-137. DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2018.8605 Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_8605_55bc3b0f202b95c7f673a7b6e29a656a.pdf?lang=en
Abbasi, M., Porzoor, P., Moazedi, K., & Aslani, T. (2015). The Effectiveness of ACT on Improving Body Image of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. The Journal of Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 15(1), 15-24. Retrieved from: http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/article-1-773-en.html
Rostami, M., Keykhosrovani, M., Poladi Rishehri, A., & Bahrani, M. (2020). Effectiveness of Treatment Based on ACT versus Training Coping Strategies on Anxiety and Despair of Mothers of Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. The Iranian South Medical Journal (ISMJ), 23(1), 56-69. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=766443
Babaie, Z., & Saeidmanesh, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Stress and Depression in Adolescents Aged 14 to 18 Years with Stuttering: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. The Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 15(5), 243-248. DOI: 10.22122/jrrs.v15i5.3433 Retrieved from: http://jrrs.mui.ac.ir/index.php/jrrs/article/view/3433/3072
Bahreini, Z., &Sanagouye-Moharer, G. (2018). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Well-being and Resiliency of Abandoned Adolescents. The Journal of Community Health, 6(1), 70-79. DOI: 10.22037/ch.v6i1.20881 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ch/index.php/ch/article/view/20881#downloadTab
Molavi, P., Mikaeili, N., Rahimi, N., & Mehri, S. (2014). The Effectiveness of ACT Based on Reducing Anxiety and Depression in Students with Social Phobia. The Journal of Ardabil Univ Med Sci, 14(4), 412-423. Retrieved from: http://jarums.arums.ac.ir/article-1-745-en.html
Nasiri, F., Omidi, A., Mozafari, M., Mousavi, S., & Jokar, S. (2020). Effectiveness of group ACT on Selfcare and HbA1C in type II diabetic patients. The Journal of FEYZ, 24(2), 209-218. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=771540
Ghanbari, H., Toozandejani, H., & Nejat, H. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Quality of Life Improvement Training on Distress Tolerance and Self-Destructive Behaviors in Substance Abusers. The International Journal of Basic Science in Medicine, 5(1), 28-32. DOI: 10.34172/ijbsm.2020.07 Retrieved from: http://ijbsm.zbmu.ac.ir/PDF/ijbsm-14400
Hosseinpanahi, M., Mirghafourvand, M., Farshbaf-Khalili, A., Esmaeilpour, K., Rezaei, M., & Malakouti, J. (2020). The Effect of Counseling Based on ACT on Mental Health and Quality of Life among Infertile Couples: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9(1), 251-259. DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_512_20 Retrieved from: https://www.jehp.net/temp/JEduHealthPromot91251-3909589_105135.pdf
Oraki, M., Zare, H., & Hosseinzadeh Ghasemabad, A. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT on Treatment Adherence in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 29(2), 3479-3490. DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v29i2.6086 Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-5214-en.html
Barooti, M., SOLIEMANIAN, A., & MOHAMADZADEH EBRAHIMI, A. (2019). The Effect of ACT on Improvement of Quality of life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Health Education and health promotion, 7(3), 349-359. DOI: 10.29252/ijhehp.7.3.349 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=769314
Gharashi, K., Moheb, N., & Abdi, R. Effects of ACT on Decreasing Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Mothers of Hearing-Impaired or Deaf Children. The Journal of Aud Vestib Res, 28(2), 116-123. DOI: 10.18502/avr.v28i4.1462 Retrieved from: https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/805/349
Rezaeian, M., Ebrahimi, A., & Zargham, M. (2015). The Effect of ACT on Catastrophic and Disabling Pain in Chronic Pelvic Pain in Females. The Journal of Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 4(2), 17-30. Retrieved from: https://cbs.ui.ac.ir/article_17344_5c1ef41e44badb81de22fa54c64eb5c4.pdf?lang=en
Keshavarz Afshar, H., Rafei, Z., & Mirzae, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on General Anxiety. The Journal of Payesh, 17(3), 289-296. DOI: 20.1001.1.16807626.1397.17.3.8.6 Retrieved from: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-47-en.html
Amir, F., Ahadi, H., Nikkhah, K., & Seirafi, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Group Logotherapy in Reducing Perceived Stress among MS Patients. Caspian Journal of Neurol Science, 3(4), 175-184. DOI: 10.29252/nirp.cjns.3.11.175 Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html
FEYZI, Z., MORADI, A., KHAJE DALOUEE, M., &KHADEM, N. (2017). The Efficacy of ACT on Anxiety and Depression in Infertile Women Who Understanding in Virto Fertilization (IVF). The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 7(27), 1-21. DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2017.7905 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=606438
Gharashi, K., Moheb, N., & Abdi, R. (2019). The Effects of the ACT on the Experiential Avoidance and Intolerance of Uncertainty of Mothers with Hearing-Impaired Children. The Journal of Aud Vestib Res, 29(1). DOI: 10.18502/avr.v28i4.1462 Retrieved from: https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/805/349
Amini Fasakhoudi, M. (2018). The Effectiveness of a Group- based ACT on Psychological Problems Mothers of Children Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder. The Journal of Family Research, 14(2), 277-293. Retrieved from: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97657_d73fb5a07cc84004d6843b7b78cd68c5.pdf?lang=en
Safari Mousavi, SS., Ghazanfari, F., & Mirderikvandi, F. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Death Anxiety in Women with Multiple Sclerosis in Khorramabad. The Journal of Clinical Nursing and Midwifery, 7(4), 234-241. Retrieved from: http://jcnm.skums.ac.ir/article-1-650-en.html
Haghighat, S., & Mohammadi, A. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and ACT on Reducing Mood Symptoms in Patients with Substance Abuse. The International Clinical Neuroscience Journal, 5(4), 158-163. Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/neuroscience/article/view/23395
Sadeghnezhad, H., Teimory, S., & Amiri, M. (2021). Effectiveness of ACT on Emotion Regulation in Epileptic Patients. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 6(1), 37-46. DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v6i1.34990 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/34990/27145
Abbasi, H., Karimi, B., & Jafari, D. (2017). The Effectiveness of ACT on Frustration Tolerance and Dysfunctional Attitudes of Mothers of Students with Intellectual Disabilities. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(24), 81-108. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.20384.1522 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_7530_bb8b6c9e688cd375bae9413a864442ce.pdf?lang=en
Ghomian, S., & Shairi, MR. (2016). The Effectiveness of ACT on Externalizing Symptoms in 7 to12 Year-Old Children with Chronic Pain. The Caspian Journal of Pediatrics (CJP), 2(1), 107-112. DOI: 10.22088/acadpub.BUMS.2.1.107 Retrieved from: http://caspianjp.ir/article-1-32-en.html
Jelodari, S., Sodagar, SH., & Bahrami Hidaji, M. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Flexibility and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 13(4), 527-548. DOI: 10.29252/apsy.13.4.527 Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97266_f70de273265024609ee88dd2fd963dbf.pdf?lang=en
Elahifar, H., Ghamari, M., & Zahrakar, K. (2019). Comparison of the Effectiveness Between Treatment Based on Improving Quality of Life and ACT on Increasing Happiness of Female Teachers. The Journal pf Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 13(1), 141-162. DOI: 10.29252/APSY.13.1.141 Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97097_a955b0240e440284972152b3bd71833d.pdf?lang=en
Maghsoudi, Z., Razavi, Z., Razavi, M., & Javadi, M. (2019). Efficacy of ACT for Emotional Distress in The Elderly with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes, 12, 2137-2143. DOI: 10.2147/DMSO.S221245 Retrieved from: https://www.dovepress.com/getfile.php?fileID=53349
Abbasia, M., Dargahib, S., Ghasemi Jobanehb, R., Dargahi, A., Mehrabi, A., & Aziz, K. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Training on the Maladaptive Schemas of Female Students with Bulimia Nervosa. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 4(2), 86-93. DOI: NO DOI Retrieved from: http://jhygiene.muq.ac.ir/article-1-140-en.html
Barghandan, S., Akbari, B., Khalatbari, J., & Varasteh, A. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Compassion Focused Therapy on Quality of Life among Female Adolescents with High-Risk Behaviors. The Scientific Journal of Ilam University of Medical Sciences, 26(3), 158-168. DOI: 10.29252/sjimu.26.3.158 Retrieved from: https://sjimu.medilam.ac.ir/article-1-4589-en.pdf
Ebrahimi Moghadam, H., Malmir, T., Rahmani, F., & Ramezan Alizadeh, Z. (2018). Investigate the Effectiveness of Group training Based on ACT on Aggression and Anxiety in Patients with Panic. The Journal of Psychological Studies, 13(4), 141-156. DOI: 10.22051/PSY.2017.10338.1258 Retrieved from: https://psychstudies.alzahra.ac.ir/article_3118_dbe692d28b7a46a7459042bb99d03b8a.pdf?lang=en
Aghalar, S., Manesh, FM., Khorami, NS., & Hafezi, F. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Perception of Disease in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(7), 137-42. DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_80_19 Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2020/7/3/137/293500
Motamedi, H., Samavi, A., & Fallahchai, R. (2020). Effectiveness of Group-based ACT vs Group-based Cognitive-behavioral Therapy in the Psychological Hardiness of Single Mothers. The Journal of Research Health, 10(6), 393-402. DOI: 10.32598/JRH.10.6.1602.2 Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-1754-en.pdf
Alavi Hajazi, F., & Nezhadmohammad Nameghi, A. (2018). The Effect of Group Training Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Reducing Anxiety and Interpersonal Problems in Obese Women. The Journal of Research Health, 8(6), 522-530. DOI: 10.29252/jrh.8.6.522 Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-1481-en.pdf
Siahpoosh, S., & GolestaniBakht, T. (2020). The Effect of ACT on Psychological Flexibility and Emotion Regulation in Divorced Women. The Journal of Feyz, 24(4), 413-423. Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3969-en.pdf
Heidari, A., Heidari H., & Davoudi, H. (2017). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on the Physical and Psychological Marital Intimacy of Women. The International Journal Education Psychology Research, 10(3), 163-7. DOI: 10.4103/jepr.jepr_62_16 Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2017/3/3/163/219425
Fathi Ahmadsaraei, N., Neshat Doost, HT., Manshaee, GR., & Nadi, MA. (2017). The Effectiveness of ACT on Depression among Patients with Type II Diabetes. The Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Obesity, 9(1), 6-13. Retrieved from: http://ijdo.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-334-en.pdf
Shayeghian, Z., Hassanabadi, H., Aguilar-Vafaie, M. E., Amiri, P., & Besharat, M. A. (2016). A Randomized Controlled Trial of ACT for Type 2 Diabetes Management: The Moderating Role of Coping Styles. The Journal of Plos one, 11(12), e0166599. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166599 Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/27907074/
Hajikaram, A., Ghamari, M., & Amirimajd, M. (2019). Comparison Between the Effects of Group Based ACT and Group Based Reality Therapy on Work-Family Conflict & Psychological Well-Being of Married Female Staffs. The Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (SJKU), 24(3), 20-33. DOI: 10.29252/sjku.24.3.20 Retrieved from: http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4953-en.pdf
Hojatkhah, S. & Golmohammadian, M. (2018). Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Resilience Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 8(29), 85-109. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2018.24311.1613 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_9040_95a4c60bcebd813746dbd1f1415a9614.pdf?lang=en
Azkhosh, M., Farhoudianm, A., Saadati, H., Shoaee, F., & Lashani, L. (2016). Comparing Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and 12-Steps Narcotics Anonymous in Addict’s Rehabilitation Process: A Randomized Controlled Trial. The Journal of Iran J Psychiatry, 11(4), 244-249. Retrieved from: https://ijps.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijps/article/view/606/582
Amini Naghani, S., Najarpourian, S., & Samavi, SA. (2020). Comparing the Effectiveness of the Triple P-Positive Parenting Program and Parenting Program of ACT on Parent-Child Relationship and Self-efficacy of Mothers with Oppositional Defiant Disorder Children. The Journal of Research Health, 10(2), 111-122. DOI: 10.32598/JRH.10.2.7 Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-1743-en.html
Moradi F., Ghadiri-Anari, A., Dehghani, A., Vaziri, SR., & Enjezab, B. (2020). The Effectiveness of Counseling Based on ACT on Body Image and Self-Esteem in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An RCT. The International Journal of Reproductive Bio Medicine (IJRM), 18(4), 243-252. DOI: 10.18502/ijrm.v13i4.6887 Retrieved from: http://journals.ssu.ac.ir/ijrmnew/article-1-1480-en.pdf
Seyyedjafari, J., Motamedi, A., Mehradsadr, M., Olamaie Kopaei, M., & Hashemian, S. (2017). The Effectiveness of ACT on Resilience in Elderlies. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 3(1), 21-29. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_735_e3622d63d03762840601b5fa203e1493.pdf?lang=en
Kamalinejad, F., & Amiri, A. (2019). The Efficacy of ACT on Psychological Well-Being and Optimism of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 6(2), 97-103. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v6i2.162 Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/162/144
Ostadian Khani, Z., & Fadie Moghadam, M. (2017). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Social Adjustment and Social Phobia Among Physically-Disabled Persons. The Journal of Archives of Rehabilitation (Jrehab), 18(1), 63-72. DOI: 10.21859/jrehab-180163 Retrieved from: http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-1942-en.html
Khaneiee, D., JAZAYERI, R., BAHRAMI, F., ETEMADI, O., & Montazeri, N. (2019). Investigating the Effectiveness of ACT on Marital Conflicts of Coronary Artery Bypass Patients. The Journal of Clinical psychology studies, 9(33), 91-103. DOI: 10.22054/JCPS.2019.36697.2012 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=742929
Kazemipour, A., Mirderikvand, F., & Amraei, K. (2020). The Effectiveness of ACT on the Rate of Acceptance and Post-Traumatic Growth in Colorectal Cancer Patients Comorbid with Stress. The Journal of Payesh, 19(5) :569-580. DOI: 10.29252/payesh.19.5.569 Retrieved from: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-1506-en.html
Karimi M., & Aghaei, A. (2018). The Effectiveness of Group Application of ACT on Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among High School Female Students. The International Journal of Education Psychology Research, 10(4), 71-7. DOI: 10.4103/jepr.jepr_24_16 Retrieved from: https://www.ijeprjournal.org/text.asp?2018/4/2/71/237295
Ebrahimpour, G., Mirzaian, B., & Hasanzadeh, R. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Well-Being, Quality of Life and Depression in Patients with Epilepsy. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 27(2), 1262-1279. DOI: 10.18502/ssu.v27i2.1046 Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-4800-en.pdf
Fayazbakhsh, E., & Mansouri, A. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT on Intolerance of Uncertainty, Experiential Avoidance, and Symptoms of Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Individuals with Type II Diabetes. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(6), 30-5. DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_52_18 Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2019/6/1/30/254949
ASADPOUR, E., & VEISI, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Marital Satisfaction, Sexual Self-Esteem and Burnout Martial among Women with Type 2 Diabetes. The Arak Medical University Journal (AMUJ), 21(7), 8-17. Retrieved from: http://jams.arakmu.ac.ir/article-1-5710-en.pdf
Gueserse, M., & ZALI, A., HASSANZADEH, S., HATAMI, M., & Ahadi, M. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Anxiety, Depression, and Physical Symptoms among Patients with Chronic Pain. The Journal of Commonity Health, 8(1), 78-89. Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=803825
Ghasemlou, Z., & Nezhadmohamad Nameghi, A. (2018). Group Training based on Acceptance Commitment Approach for Improving Quality of Life and Reducing Anxiety among Diabetic Women. The Journal of Research Health, 8(6), 513-521. DOI: 10.29252/jrh.8.6.513 Retrieved from: http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-1480-en.html
Gharadaghi, A. (2020). Effectiveness of ACT on Symptoms of Emotional PTSD in Women Affected by Infidelity. The Journal of Family Research, 16(2), 217-229. Retrieved from: https://jfr.sbu.ac.ir/article_97818_a8959131e4e5e43276417a28851b169c.pdf?lang=en
Keyhani, A., Rasuli-Azad, M., Moghadasi, AN., &Omidi, A. (2019). The Effect of ACT on Cognitive Fusion, Symptoms of Anxiety, and Quality of Life in the Female Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. The Journal of Feyz, 23(4), 380-388. Retrieved from: http://feyz.kaums.ac.ir/article-1-3794-en.html
Hadi Toroghi, H. & Masoudi, S. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on the Reduction of Perceived Stress in the Elderly Afflicted by Chronic Pain. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 5(1), 1-11. DOI: 10.22126/jap.2019.1123 Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1123_0dd5657cfde61e884eaf302b5b0fb7f6.pdf?lang=en
Rezaee, M., Farhadi, A., & Goodarzi, K. (2020). Comparison the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy and Social Skills Training on Self-Esteem and Social Phobia Disorder. The Journal of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences (Yafte), 22(3), 23-33. Retrieved from: http://yafte.lums.ac.ir/article-1-3014-en.html
Kiani, A., Ghasemi, N., & Pourabbas, A. (2013). The Comparison of the Efficacy of Group Psychotherapy Based on ACT, and Mindfulness on Craving and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Methamphetamine Addicts. The Journal of Etiadpajohi, 6(24), 27-36. Retrieved from: http://etiadpajohi.ir/article-1-308-en.html
Mousavi, SM., Shabahang, R., Khodadadi Hassankiadeh, N. (2019). The Effects of ACT and Biofeedback on Chronic Psychosomatic Low Back Pain. The Caspian Journal of Neurol Science, 5(3), 118-126. DOI: 10.32598/CJNS.5.18.118 Retrieved from: http://cjns.gums.ac.ir/article-1-268-en.html
Roientan, S., AZADI, S., Afshin, H., & AMINI, N. (2019). The Effectiveness of Combined Therapy Based on Acceptance Commitment and Hope Therapy on Quality of Life in Cancer Patients in Yasuj. The Journal of Counseling Culture and Psychotherapy, 10(38), 221-242. DOI: 10.22054/QCCPC.2019.38404.2043 Retrieved from: https://qccpc.atu.ac.ir/article_9692_eba020852dad04d532b71656c97f17cd.pdf?lang=en
Shahabi, A., Ehteshamzadeh, P., Asgari, P., & Makvandi, B. (2020). Comparison of the Effectiveness of ACT and Guided Imagery on the Resilience of Cardiac Disease Patients Referring to the Heart Rehabilitation Department. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 26(3), 276-297. DOI: 10.32598/hms.26.3.3184.1 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3335-en.html
Mousavi, M. & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2017). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy (ACT) on the Hardness and Perceived Stress Coefficient Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The Iran Journal of Health Educ Health Promot, 5(4), 311-319. DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijhehp.5.4.311 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-735-en.html
Farahanifar, M., Heidari, H., Davodi, H., & Aleyasin, SA. (2019). The effect of ACT on the Conflict Resolution Styles of Incompatible Marital Women. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(6), 101-7. DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_8_19 Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2019/6/2/101/259335
Masjedi-Araani, A. & Khanaliloo, R. (2018). Comparison of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ACT (ACT) in Reducing Depression in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 5(2), 112-121. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v5i2.117 Retrieved from: https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/117/107
Enayati, M., Dousti, Y., & Mirzaian, B. (2018). The Effectiveness of ACT on the Quality of Life and Psychosocial Flexibility of Female Junior High School Students with Special Learning Disorders in Sari. The Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 5(3), 139-146. DOI: 10.32598/ajnpp.5.3.139 Retrieved from: http://ajnpp.umsha.ac.ir/article-1-143-en.html
Givehki, R., Afshar, H., Goli, F., Scheidt, C. E., Omidi, A., & Davoudi, M. (2018). Effect of ACT on Body Image Flexibility and Body Awareness in Patients with Psychosomatic Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of Electronic Physician, 10(7), 7008–7016. DOI: 10.19082/7008 Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6092142/pdf/epj-10-7008.pdf
Mahdavi, A., Aghaei, M., Aminnasab, V., Tavakoli, Z., Besharat, M., & Abedin, M. (2017). The Effectiveness of Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Perceived Stress, Symptoms of Depression, and Marital Satisfaction in Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Archives of Breast Cancer, 4(1), 16–23. DOI: 10.19187/abc.20174116-23 Retrieved from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/download/116/171
Sadeghi, F., Hassani, F., Emamipour, S., & Mirzaei, H. (2018). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy on Quality of Life and Resilience of Women with Breast Cancer. The Journal of Archives of Breast Cancer, 5(3), 111–117. DOI: 10.19187/abc.201853111-117 Retrieved from: https://archbreastcancer.com/index.php/abc/article/download/184/352
Najaf Abadi, M. (2016). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on School Phobia in Children with Type 1 Diabetes. The Journal of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical sciences (JSSU), 24(4), 304-316. Retrieved from: http://jssu.ssu.ac.ir/article-1-3406-en.html
Abdollahi, S., Hatami, M., Manesh, FM., & Askari, P. (2020). The effectiveness of ACT on the Self-Care and Adherence to Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The International Archives of Health Sciences, 10(7), 78-83. DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_13_20 Retrieved from: http://www.iahs.kaums.ac.ir/text.asp?2020/7/2/78/286983
Heshmati, A., Saed, O., Mohammadi, J., Zenoozian, S., & Yousefi, F. (2018). The Efficacy of Group ACT on Reducing Academic Procrastination and Improving Difficulty in Emotion Regulation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. The Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences (SJKU), 23(5), 65-77. Retrieved from: http://sjku.muk.ac.ir/article-1-4316-en.html
Nikoogoftar, M., & Sangani, A. (2019). Comparing the Effectiveness of ACT and Imago therapy on Resilience in Women with Marital Problems. The Journal of Clinical Psychology Studies, 9(34), 227-246. DOI: 10.22054/jcps.2019.39031.2068 Retrieved from: https://jcps.atu.ac.ir/article_9894_ff1b7fc271357e08a73bcfd1987c6887.pdf?lang=en
Golestanifar, S., & Dasht Bozorgi, Z. (2020). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Based Therapy on Depression, Psychological Health and Life Expectancy of The Elderly with None Clinical Depression. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 6(3), 191- 203. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1540_2e1994bc66516a355dbe745e94735faf.pdf
Rostami, M., Rasouli, M., & Kasaee, A. (2018). Comparison of the Effect of Group Counseling Based on Spirituality-Based Therapy and ACT on Reducing Demoralization of the Elderly. The Journal of Aging Psychology, 4(3), 165-178. Retrieved from: https://jap.razi.ac.ir/article_1000_8f696ed648aa3eeed628cd00958761a5.pdf?lang=en
Iman Mesbah & Seyed Mohsen Hojjatkhah (2017). ffectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Social Adjustment and Internalized Shame Mothers of Children with Mental Retardation. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 6(24), 153-180. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.7533 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/mobile/article_7533.html?lang=en
Khosravani-shayan, M., Shafiabadi, A., Arefi, M., & Amiri, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Capital and Psychological Well-Being of Patients with Thalassemia: A Quasi-Experimental Study. The Journal of Social Determinants of Health, 6(1), 33-39. DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v6i1.34384 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/sdh/article/view/34384/26884
Ziaei, F., & Nicknami, M. (2017). The Effect of Acceptance Based and Commitment-Based Therapy on Body Image in Women Between the Ages of Thirty and Forty after Beauty Surgeries. The Razavi International Journal of Medicine, 5(3), 1-5. DOI: 10.5812/rijm.62159 Retrieved from: https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=597833
Nemati, M., Dokaneheeifard, F., & Behboodi, M. (2020). Comparing Effectiveness of ACT, Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) and Combining ACT & EFT in the Spiritual Well-being of Couples Referring to Counseling Centers in Sari: An Experimental Study. The Journal of Research on Religion and Health, 6(1), 87-99. DOI: 10.22037/jrrh.v6i1.21369 Retrieved from: https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/en-jrrh/article/view/29663
Moghbel Esfahani, S., & Haghayegh, SA. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Resilience, Meaning in Life, and Family Function in Family Caregivers of Patients with Schizophrenia. The Journal of Horizon Med Sci, 25(4), 298-311. DOI:10.32598/hms.25.4.298 Retrieved from: http://hms.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-3054-en.html
Tabrizi, F., & Nezhadmohammad Nameghi, A. (2016). Effectiveness of ACT on Psychological Well-Being and Anger Reduction Among Mothers with Deaf Children in Tehran. The Journal of Aud Vest Res, 26(3), 151-156. Retrieved from: https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/154/92
Zare, H., & Baradaran, M. (2019). Effectiveness of ACT in Improving of Cognitive Control and Cognitive Flexibility in Anxious Students. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(4), 491-511. Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_97162_968e2e01c3e8dcd3cf76a98d7ae77e5a.pdf?lang=en
Yaraghchi, A., Jomehri, F., Seyrafi, M., Kraskian Mujembari, A., & Mohammadi Farsani, G. (2019). The Effectiveness of ACT on Weight Loss and Cognitive Emotion Regulation in Obese Individuals. The Iran Journal of Health Education Health Promot, 7(2), 192-201. DOI: 10.30699/ijhehp.7.2.192 Retrieved from: http://journal.ihepsa.ir/article-1-1125-en.html
Marmarchinia, M., & Zoghi Paidar, M. (2017). Effectiveness of ACT on Hope and Happiness of Female Adolescents Under Welfare Protection. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 11(3), 157-174. DOI: 20.1001.1.20084331.1396.11.3.1.2 Retrieved from: https://apsy.sbu.ac.ir/article_96850_cb249f3162b3816ad287f3fb416be048.pdf?lang=en
Azizi, A., Ghasemi, S., ghorbani, A., Shojai, F., & Mohammadi, F. (2017). Comparison the Effectiveness of Functional Family Therapy and ACT on Family Empowerment and Quality of Life in Families with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children. The Journal of Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7(26), 177-210. DOI: 10.22054/jpe.2017.22356.1575 Retrieved from: https://jpe.atu.ac.ir/article_7868_b8f4c0c2a3c9b85a711e5d0bb9a483ae.pdf?lang=en
Panahi, R., Shahhabizadeh, F., & Mahmoodirad, A. (2021). Comparison of effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based therapy with and without compassion on worry, self-critical and anger rumination among nonclinical depressed diabetic patients: A clinical trial. Journal of Nursing Education, 9(6), 94-108. Retrieved from http://jne.ir/article-1-1250-en.html
Chiani, H., Jahangir, P., & Chamani, N. (2021). Evaluation of the effectiveness of commitment-based therapy and acceptance on improving the mental health and emotional difficulty of women in addicted families. Social and Disciplinary Research of Women and Family, 9, 1. Retrieved from http://pssw.jrl.police.ir/article_96066.html
Soltani, K., Khosropor, F., & Tehrani, H. M. (2020). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on marital adjustment and dysfunctional attitudes among married students. Journal of Nursing Education, 9(4), 72-80. Retrieved from http://jne.ir/article-1-1163-en.html
Samani, M. G., Najafi, M., & Bouger, I. R. (2019). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy and physiotherapy on quality of life and pain catastrophizing in patients with chronic pain. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 21(6), 271-275. DOI: 10.34172/jsums.2019.47
Amani, A., Isazadeh, O., Alipour, E. (2019). The Impact of group-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on trust in interpersonal relationships and emotion control among married women. The Women and Families Cultural-Educational, 14(48), 145-167.
Narimani, M., & Taherifard, M. (2019). The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment training to decrease experiential avoidance and psychological distress in teenagers with specific learning disorder. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 8(4), 110-133. DOI: 10.22098/jld.2019.823
Mir Saleh, R. P. Yaser, I., Beigi, M., & Delavari, M. (2018). Evaluating the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based intervention on parent-child conflict resolution strategies of mothers of students with learning disabilities. Learning Disabilities, 7(3), 77-90. DOI: 10.22098 / jld.2018.628
Doroudian, N., Madahi, M. I., & Khalatbari, J. (2018). Comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on emotional regulation and self-efficacy of women with social anxiety. Cultural and Educational Quarterly of Women and Family, 13(44), 89-108.
Enjezab, B., Rejaezadeh, M., Bokaie, M., & Salimi, H. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on Sexual Self-Efficacy and Sexual Quality of Life in Reproductive-Age Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy. DOI: 10.1080/0092623X.2021.1944938
Nasiri, S., Ghorbani, M., & Adibi, P. (2015). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Quality of Life in Patients with Functional Gastro Intestinal Disorder. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 7(4), 93-105. DOI: 10.22075/jcp.2017.2221
Rahimi, E., Attarha, M., & Majidi, A. (2019). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the Quality of Life in Infertile Women During Treatment: A Randomized Control Trial. International Journal of Women's Health and Reproduction Sciences, 7(4), 483-489. DOI: 10.15296/ijwhr.2019.80 Retrieved from http://ijwhr.net/text.php?id=413
Azarbayjani, S., Sadeghi afjeh, Z., & Ghanbari, N. (2020). The Effectiveness of Compassion-Enriched Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Depressed Housewives. Journal of Assessment and Research in Counseling and Psychology, 2(1), 52-70. ,DOI: 10.52547/jarcp.2.1.52
Ahmadi, A., & Raeisi, Z. (2019). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Improving Self-Efficacy of Mothers of Children with Autism. Quarterly Journal of Family and Research, 16(2), 123-137. Retrieved from: http://qjfr.ir/article-1-1101-en.html
Fakharian, N., Samari safa, J., & Ghezelsefloo, M. (2019). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the Anxiety, Depression and Psychological well-being of Patients with Hypothyroidism. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 21(2), 65-72. Retrieved from: http://ijem.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-2541-en.html
Montazeri, S., Aghaei Jashoghani, A., & Golparvar, M. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Management Based on Mindfulness and Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Psychological Well-being in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Sadra Medical Journal, 7(1), 59-74. DOI: 10.30476/smsj.2018.44755
Behrouz, B., Bavali, F., Heidarizadeh, N., & Farhadi, M. (2016). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Psychological Symptoms, Coping Styles, and Quality of Life in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes. Journal of Health, 7(2), 236-253. Retrieved from: http://healthjournal.arums.ac.ir/article-1-919-en.html
Dehghani Najvani, B., Neshatdoost, H., Abedi, M., & Mokarian F. (2015). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression and Psychological Flexibility in Women With Breast Cancer. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 17(4). DOI: 10.17795/zjrms965 Full text: https://sites.kowsarpub.com/zjrms/articles/965.html
Pourfaraj Omran, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Group Therapy in Social Phobia of Students. Journal of Knowledge & Health in Basic Medical Sciences, 6(2), 1-5. DOI: 10.22100/jkh.v6i2.100
Yadavari, M., Naderi, F., & Makvandi, B. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in Patients with Chronic Pain in Ahvaz. International Journal of Health Studies, 7(1), 28-32. DOI: 10.22100/ijhs.v7i1.827 Full text available via: https://ijhs.shmu.ac.ir/index.php/ijhs/article/view/827
Sadeghnejad, H., Teimory, S., & Amiri, M. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Social anxiety and Perceived Stress in patients with Epilepsy. International Journal Of Health Studies, 7(4), 17-22. DOI: 10.22100/ijhs.v7i4.887 Full text available via: https://ijhs.shmu.ac.ir/index.php/ijhs/article/view/887
Motamedi, H., Samavi, A., & Fallahchai, R. (2019). Investigating and Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Emotional Self-efficacy of Family Headed Women. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal, 1(2), 123-134. DOI: 10.29252/IEEPJ.1.2.123 Full text available via: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-74-en.html
Sabouri, H., Zarei, E., Samavi, A., & Amir Fakhraei, A. (2020). Comparison the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy on the Quality of Life and Tendency to Betray in Married Students with Tendency to Infidelity. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal, 2(3), 184-199. DOI: 10.29252/ieepj.2.3.184 Full text available via: http://ieepj.hormozgan.ac.ir/article-1-213-en.html
Sadeghi, M., & Moradi, Z. (2020). Effectiveness of Acceptance- and Commitment-Based Therapy on Pain Perception and Functional Disability in Women with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 18(2), 199-214. Retrieved from: https://sjsph.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5890-en.html
Jafarimanesh, M., Zahrakar, K., Taghvaei, D., & Pirani, Z. (2021). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Marital Burnout in Couples with Marital Conflicts. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research, 18(4), 435-446. Retrieved from: http://sjsph.tums.ac.ir/article-1-5964-en.html
Tahmasebipour, N., Nasri, S., & Drooger, S. (2018). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Student Procrastination. Ahwaz Jundishapur Education Development Quarterly, 9(Special Issue 97), 99-108. Retrieved from: https://edj.ajums.ac.ir/article_88522.html
Khodai, S., Veiskarami, H., & Ghazanfari, F. (2021). A comparison of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral training versus acceptance and commitment training in academic self-efficacy and social anxiety syndrome of medical students. Educational Development of Judishapur, 12(2), 339-352. DOI: 10.22118/EDC.2020.253642.1571
Ahmadzadeh, L., Vaezi, M., Sodagar, S., Bahrami hidaji, M., & Golmohammad Nazhad, G. (2019). The Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Adopted for Couples Compared with Integrative Couple Therapy on Marital Conflicts of Couples with Breast Cancer. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases, 12(3), 47-59. DOI: 10.30699/acadpub.ijbd.12.3.47
Jabalameli, S., & Ghasemi, L. (2019). Effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Sexual Desire in Women with Breast Cancer after Mastectomy. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases, 12(4), 39-51. DOI: 10.30699/ijbd.12.4.39
Heidarian, A., Asadpour, E., Mohsenzadeh, F., & Zahrakar, K. (2020). Effect of A Group Intervention Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Quality of Life and Communication Patterns in Patients with Breast Cancer and Their Spouses. Iranian Journal of Breast Diseases, 13(1), 24-34. DOI: 10.30699/ijbd.13.1.24
Shoja, R., Firoozi, M., Shakeri, M., & Amiri, M. (2020). Investigating the impact of counseling with an approach based on acceptance and commitment therapy on self-efficacy of choosing vaginal delivery in primigravid women. Journal of Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, 8(3), 13-22. Retrieved from: http://jms.thums.ac.ir/article-1-796-en.html
Mohammadi, F., & Ghodrati, S. (2021). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Loneliness and Hope among Women Heading Households. Journal of Policing & Social Studies of Women & Family, 9(1). Retrieved from: http://pssw.jrl.police.ir/article_96064.html?lang=en
Books reviewing ACT research
Books reviewing ACT research
Hayes, S. C. (2019). A liberated mind: How to pivot toward what matters. New York: Penguin/Avery. This is a trade book, released in August 2019. It is in part a fairly comprehensive review of the CBS research program from its inception to 2018.
Hooper, N., & Larsson, A. (2015) The research Journey of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). London:Palgrave Macmillan
http://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137440150#otherversion=9781137440167
Meta-Analyses and Systematic, Scoping, or Narrative Reviews of the ACT Evidence Base
Meta-Analyses and Systematic, Scoping, or Narrative Reviews of the ACT Evidence BaseLinks to peer reviewed assessments of the ACT evidence base:
Below is a list of meta-analyses, systematic, scoping, or narrative reviews of the ACT evidence base, either overall or in specific areas. These can include reviews of assesment, psychological flexibility processes, ACT components, or entire ACT interventions. Also there are a few reviews in there that are focused on the process or professional use of ACT research such as bibliometric, geographic, sociological, methodolgical, citation, and similar reviews. They are presented in reverse chronological order, by year of publication. To see the growth trend through the end of 2022 visually click here or download the attachment at the bottom of this page. High quality reviews and meta-analyses are increasingly necessary in order to understand and evaluate the ACT database given its size and scope, and are to be preferred over crude counts of studies, single citations, or other more limited means. Note by way of caution that many meta-analyses cover various parts of evidence based therapy in addition to ACT (e.g., "mindfulness-based interventions" or "CBT including 3rd wave interventions" etc) and when combined with specific problem targets this does mean that some reviews in this list only include 1 or 2 ACT studies, but it sseems better to be comprehensive so these are also included. We do not filter studies based on that they find or what they say about ACT, good, bad, or indifferent. You should be aware, however, that it is very difficult to evaluate the quality and fairness of meta-analyses themselves. A few well known meta-analyses have turned out to contain many errors when examined closely (e.g., see Atkins et al., 2017). In that context it is worth noting that meta-analyses of meta-analyses -- a kind of a super summary -- are now beginning to appear (e.g., Cheng et al., 2022; Gloster et al., 2020). This is a recent development but hopefully these can detect or at least balance out various sources of bias. The ACT community is committed to honesty and transparency and has a long history of welcoming criticism such as by inviting critics to ACBS conferences and giving them an open platform to express their concerns. If you have criticisms of the ACT research literature, we would enourage you to consider outlets such as JCBS or generating a session at the next ACBS World Conference. If you are aware of any missing reviews, please send them to missingstudies at gmail dot com.
Date of last update: May 2024.
Total number = 538
In Press (N = 20)
Morey, A., Samuel, V., & Williams, M. (2024). Universal online self-help ACT interventions for youth: A systematic review. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 104576.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104576
Mo, S., Bu, F., Bao, S., & Yu, Z. (2024). Comparison of effects of interventions to promote the mental health of parents of children with autism: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 102508. Doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102508
López-Pinar, C., Lara-Merín, L., & Macías, J. (2024). Process of change and efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for anxiety and depression symptoms in adolescents: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders. Doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.09.076
Rowe-Johnson, M. K., Browning, B., & Scott, B. (2024). Effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on trauma-related symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Doi: 10.1037/tra0001785
Marchese, S. H., Naftaly, J. P., & Pandolfino, J. (2024). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease: a narrative review. Translational Gastroenterology and Hepatology. Doi: 10.21037/tgh-24-10
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DiGiacomo, A., Moll, S., MacDermid, J. & Law, M. (2016) Interventions basées sur la pleine conscience dans le traitement des symptômes de la psychose : un examen systématique narrative [Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the Treatment of Symptoms of Psychosis: A Narrative Systematic Review]. Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy / Revue canadienne de counseling et de psychothérapie, 50(1), 18–34.
DOI: No DOI
Hetrick, S. E., Cox, G. R., Witt, K. G., Bir, J. J., & Merry, S. N. (2016). Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), third‐wave CBT and interpersonal therapy (IPT) based interventions for preventing depression in children and adolescents. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2016, 8. CD003380.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003380.pub4
Kroska, E. B. (2016). A meta-analysis of fear-avoidance and pain intensity: The paradox of chronic pain. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 13(1), 43-58.
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjpain.2016.06.011
Yu, L., & McCracken, L. M. (2016). Model and Processes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Chronic Pain Including a Closer Look at the Self. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 20, 12.
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-016-0541-4
Kim, K. H. (2016). A convergence study about meta-analysis on the effects of ACT intervention program. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 7(5), 145-153.
DOI: 10.15207/JKCS.2016.7.5.145
Cramer, H., Lauche, R., Haller, H., Langhorst, J., & Dobos, G. (2016). Mindfulness- and Acceptance-based Interventions for Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Global Advances in Health and Medicine, 5, 30-43.
DOI: 10.7453/gahmj.2015.083
Hardison, M.E. & Roll, S.C. (2016). Mindfulness Interventions in Physical Rehabilitation: A Scoping Review. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 70(3), 7003290030.
DOI: 10.5014/ajot.2016.018069
Dimidjian, S., Arch, J. J., Schneider, R. L., Desormeau, P., Felder, J. N., & Segal, Z. V. (2016). Considering Meta-Analysis, Meaning, and Metaphor: A Systematic Review and Critical Examination of “Third Wave” Cognitive and Behavioral Therapies. Behavior Therapy, 47(6), 886-905.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.07.002
Spijkerman, M. P. J., Pots, W. T. M., Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2016). Effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions in improving mental health: A review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 102-114.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.009
Tonarelli, S. B., Pasillas, R., Alvarado, L., Dwivedi, A., & Cancellare, A. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy compared to treatment as usual in psychosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Psychiatry, 19, 366.
DOI: 10.4172/2378-5756.1000366
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Hacker, T., Stone, P., & MacBeth, A. (2016). Acceptance and commitment therapy - Do we know enough? Cumulative and sequential meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Affective Disorders, 190, 551-565.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.053
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Brown, M., Glendenning, A., Hoon, A. E. & John, A. (2016). Effectiveness of web-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy in relation to mental health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(8), e221.
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6200
Full Text: Journal Website
Graham, C. D., Gouick, J., Krahé, C., & Gillanders, D. (2016). A systematic review of the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in chronic disease and long-term conditions. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 46-58.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.009
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Veehof, M. M., Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E. T. & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2016). Acceptance- and mindfulness-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain: A meta-analytic review. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 45, 5-31.
DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2015.1098724
Full Text: Available Through DOI
2015 (23)
Hulbert‐Williams, N. J., Storey, L., & Wilson, K. G. (2015). Psychological interventions for patients with cancer: psychological flexibility and the potential utility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. European Journal of Cancer Care (Engl), 24, 15-27.
DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12223
Halliburton, A. E., & Cooper, L. D. (2015). Applications and adaptations of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(1), 1–11.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.01.002
Kallapiran, K., Koo, S., Kirubakaran, R., & Hancock, K. (2015). Review: Effectiveness of mindfulness in improving mental health symptoms of children and adolescents: A meta‐analysis. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 20(4), 182–194.
DOI: 10.1111/camh.12113
Batink, T., Jansen, G., & Peeters, F. (2015). Nieuwe generatie gedragstherapie, nieuwe generatie meetinstrumenten; een overzicht van beschikbare ACT-meetinstrumenten [New generation behaviour therapy; new generation assessment measures; a review of currently available assessment measures]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 57, 739-748.
Yavuz, K.F. (2015). Kabul ve kararlılık terapisi (ACT): Genel bir bakış. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Psychiatry-Special Topics, 8(2), 21-7.
Full text: ResearchGate (In Turkish)
Swain, J., Hancock, K., Dixon, A., & Bowman, J. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy for children: A systematic review of intervention studies. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4, 73-85.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.02.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Ducasse, D., & Fond, G. (2015). La thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement [Acceptance and commitment therapy. L'Encéphale, 41, 1-9.
DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2013.04.017
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Lee, E. B., An, W., Levin, M. E., & Twohig, M. P. (2015). An initial meta-analysis of acceptance and commitment therapy for treating substance use disorders. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 155, 1-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.08.004
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Godfrey, K. M., Gallo, L. C., & Afari, N. (2015). Mindfulness-based interventions for binge eating: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 348-362.
DOI: 10.1007/s10865-014-9610-5
Full Text: Available Through DOI
A-Tjak, J. G. L., Davis, M. L., Morina, N., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. J., & Emmelkamp P. M. G. (2015). A meta-analysis of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy for clinically relevant mental and physical health problems. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 84(30), 30-36.
DOI: 10.1159/000365764
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Newby, J. M., McKinnon, A., Kuyken, W., Gilbody, S., & Dalgleish, T. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of transdiagnostic psychological treatments for anxiety and depressive disorders in adulthood. Clinical Psychology Review, 40, 91-110.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.06.002
Zettle, R. D. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy for depression. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 65-69. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.011
Stotts, A. L., & Northrup, T. F. (2015). The promise of third-wave behavioral therapies in the treatment of substance use disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 75-81. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.028
Landy, L. N., Schneider, R. L., & Arch, J. J. (2015). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of anxiety disorders: a concise review. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 70-74. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.11.004
Scott, W. McCracken, L. M. (2015). Psychological flexibility, acceptance and commitment therapy, and chronic pain. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 91-96. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.013
Strauss, C., Thomas, N. & Hayward, M. (2015) Can we respond mindfully to distressing voices? A systematic review of evidence for engagement, acceptability, effectiveness and mechanisms of change for mindfulness-based interventions for people distressed by hearing voices. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 1154.
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01154
Norton, A. R., Abbott, M. J., Norberg, M. M. & Hunt, C. (2015). A Systematic Review of Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Treatments for Social Anxiety Disorder. J. Clin. Psychol., 71, 283-301.
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22144
Wicksell, R. K., Kanstrup, M., Kemani, M. K., Holmström, L., & Olsson, G. L. (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for children and adolescents with physical health concerns. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 1-5. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.029
McCallion, E. A., & Zvolensky, M. J. (2015). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for smoking cessation: a synthesis. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 47-51. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.02.005
Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Manasse, S. M., & Bradley, L. E. (2015). Acceptance-based behavioral treatment for weight control: a review and future directions. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 87-90. Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.020
Dindo, L. (2015). One-day acceptance and commitment training workshops in medical populations. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 38-42. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.018
Twohig, M. P., & Smith, B. M. (2015). Targeting the function of inner experiences in obsessive compulsive and related disorders. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 32-37. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.033
Robinson, P. J. (2015). Primary care: contextual behavioral science. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 52-55. (Included in the Current Opinion in Psychology special issue "Third Wave Behavioral Therapies")
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2014.12.032
2014 (11)
Whittingham, K. (2014). Parents of Children with Disabilities, Mindfulness and Acceptance: a Review and a Call for Research. Mindfulness, 5, 704–709.
DOI: 10.1007/s12671-013-0224-8
Lillis, J., & Kendra, K.E. (2014). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for weight control: Model, evidence, and future directions. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(1), 1-7.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.11.005
De Groot, F., Morrens, M., & Dom, G. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) en verslaving: een literatuuroverzicht. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 56(9), 577-585.
Full Text: Journal website
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy and mindfulness for chronic pain: model, process, and progress. Am Psychol., 69(2):178-87.
DOI: 10.1037/a0035623
Twohig, M. & Morrison, K. & Bluett, E. (2014). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Spectrum Disorders: A Review. Current Psychiatry Reviews.
DOI: 10.2174/1573400510666140714172145
Hann, K. E. J., & McCracken, L. M. (2014). A systematic review of randomized controlled trials of acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with chronic pain: Outcome domains, design quality, and efficacy. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 217-227.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.10.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Bluett, E. J., Homan, K. J., Morrison, K. L., Levin, M. E. & Twohig, M. P. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and OCD spectrum disorders: An empirical review. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 6, 612-624.
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.06.008
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Forder, L., & Jones, F. (2014). Can mindfulness and acceptance be learnt by self-help?: A systematic review and meta-analysis of mindfulness and acceptance-based self-help interventions. Clinical Psychology Review, 34, 118-129.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2014.01.001
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Chiesa, A. & Serretti, A. (2014). Are Mindfulness-Based Interventions Effective for Substance Use Disorders? A Systematic Review of the Evidence. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(5), 492-512.
DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2013.770027
Griffiths, K.M., Carron-Arthur, B., Parsons, A. & Reid, R. (2014), Effectiveness of programs for reducing the stigma associated with mental disorders. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry, 13, 161-175.
DOI: 10.1002/wps.20129
Öst, L. G. (2014). The efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 105-121.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.07.018
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Note: See review above: Atkins et al., 2017
2013 (5)
Hunot, V., Moore, T.H., Caldwell, D.M., Furukawa, T.A., Davies, P., Jones, H., Honyashiki, M., Chen, P., Lewis, G., & Churchill, R. (2013). 'Third wave' cognitive and behavioural therapies versus other psychological therapies for depression. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 10, CD008704.
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008704.pub2
Frédérick Dionne, F., Blais, M-C., & Monestès, J-L. (2013). Mieux vivre avec la douleur chronique grâce à la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement. Santé mentale au Québec, 38(2), 131–152.
DOI: 10.7202/1023993ar
Khoury, B., Lecomte, T., Gaudiano, B. A., & Paquin, K. (2013). Mindfulness interventions for psychosis: A meta-analysis. Schizophrenia Research, 150(1), 176–184.
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2013.07.055
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Arroya, J. L., Álvarez, A., & De Rivas, S. (2013). REVISIÓN DE LA TERAPIA DE ACEPTACIÓN Y COMPROMISO APLICADA A PSICOSIS. INFORMACIONES PSIQUIÁTRICAS, 214(4): 365-383.
Full Text: informacionespsiquiatricas.com
Swain, J., Hancock, K., Hainsworth, C., & Bowman, J. (2013). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of anxiety: a systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 33, 965-978.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2013.07.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
2012 (10)
Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E. (2012). Mindfulness and acceptance models in sport psychology: A decade of basic and applied scientific advancements. Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne, 53(4), 309–318.
DOI: 10.1037/a0030220
Kahl, K.G., Winter, L, & Schweiger, U. (2012). The third wave of cognitive behavioural therapies: what is new and what is effective?. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 25(6), 522-528.
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0b013e328358e531
Springer, J. (2012) Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Part of the "Third Wave" in the Behavioral Tradition. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 34(3), 205–212.
DOI: 10.17744/mehc.34.3.9110205883653735
Levin M.E., Hildebrandt M.J., Lillis J., & Hayes S.C. (2012). The impact of treatment components suggested by the psychological flexibility model: a meta-analysis of laboratory-based component studies.Behav Ther., 43(4):741-56.
DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2012.05.003
Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2012). Mindfulness- and acceptance-based interventions for anxiety disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Psychol., 51(3):239-60.
DOI: 10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x
Sharp, K. (2012). A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with anxiety disorders. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 12(3), 359-372.
Full Text: Journal Website
Ruiz, F. J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavioral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of current empirical evidence. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 12(3), 333-358.
Full Text: Journal Website
Klainin-Yobas, P., Cho, M. A. A., & Creedy, D. (2012). Efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions on depressive symptoms among people with mental disorders: A meta-analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 49, 109-121.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.08.014
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Livingston, J.D., Milne, T., Fang, M.L. & Amari, E. (2012). The effectiveness of interventions for reducing stigma related to substance use disorders: a systematic review. Addiction, 107, 39-50.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03601.x
Smout, M. F., Hayes, L., Atkins, P. W. B., Klausen, J., & Duguid, J. E. (2012). The empirically supported status of acceptance and commitment therapy: An update. Clinical Psychologist, 16, 97-109.
DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-9552.2012.00051.x
Full Text: ACBS Website
2011 (7)
Coyne, L.W., McHugh, L., & Martinez, E.R. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): advances and applications with children, adolescents, and families. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am., 20(2), 379-99.
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2011.01.010. PMID: 21440862.
Montgomery, K.L., Kim, J.S., & Franklin, C. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for psychological and physiological illnesses: a systematic review for social workers. Health Soc Work., 36(3), 169-81.
DOI: 10.1093/hsw/36.3.169
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Soo, C., Tate, R. L., & Lane-Brown, A. (2011). A systematic review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for managing anxiety: Applicability for people with acquired brain injury. Brain Impairment, 12, 54-70.
DOI: 10.1375/brim.12.1.54
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Veehof, M. M., Oskam, M., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2011). Acceptance-based interventions for the treatment of chronic pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pain, 152, 533-542.
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2010.11.002
Full Text: Available Through DOI
Muto, T. & Mitamura, T. (2011). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a Transdiagnostic Approach: Toward Shifting to a "Concurrent-Habits" Paradigm. Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 51(12), 1105-1110.
DOI: 10.15064/jjpm.51.12_1105 [Manuscript Not in English]
Thompson, M., & McCracken, L.M. (2011). Acceptance and Related Processes in Adjustment to Chronic Pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 15, 144–151.
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-010-0170-2
Shian-Ling Keng, Moria J. Smoski, Clive J. Robins (2011). Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 31(6), 1041-1056.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006
2010 (4)
Reneman, M. F., Dijkstra, A., Geertzen, J. H., & Dijkstra, P. U. (2010). Psychometric properties of Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaires: A systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 14, 457-465.
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.08.003
Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237.
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Fang, A. (2010). The empirical status of the "new wave" of cognitive behavioral therapy. The Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 33(3), 701-710.
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.006
Ruiz, F. J. (2010). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 125-162.
Full Text: ACBS Website
2009 (3)
Powers, M. B., Zum Vörde Sive Vörding, M. B., & Emmelkamp, P. M. G. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy: A meta-analytic review. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 78, 73-80.
DOI: 10.1159/000190790
Full Text: ACBS Website
Gaudiano, B. A. (2009). Öst's (2008). methodological comparison of clinical trials of acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavior therapy: Matching apples with oranges? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 1066-1070.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2009.07.020
Full Text: ACBS Website
Carrascoso López, F.J. & Valdivia Salas, S. (2009). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the Treatment of Panic Disorder: Some Considerations from the Research on Basic Processes. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 9(3), 299-315.
Full Text: www.ijpsy.com
2008 (1)
Öst, L. (2008). Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 296-321.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2007.12.005
Full Text: ACBS Website
2006 (4)
McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2006). Acceptance of chronic pain. Current Pain and Headache Reports, 10, 90–94.
DOI: 10.1007/s11916-006-0018-y
Michalak, J. Heidenreich, T. & Bohus, M. (2006). Achtsamkeit und Akzeptanz in der Psychotherapie. Zeitschrift für Psychiatrie, Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 54(4), 241-253.
DOI: 10.1024/1661-4747.54.4.241
Murrell, A. R., & Scherbarth, A. J. (2006). State of the research & literature address: ACT with children, adolescents and parents. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 2(4), 531-543.
DOI: 10.1037/h0101005
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25.
DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.06.006
Full Text: ACBS Website
2004 (1)
Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Bissett, R., Luoma, J., & Guerrero, L. F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT: How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54.
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7894(04)80003-0
Qualitative Studies and Transcript Analyses
Qualitative Studies and Transcript AnalysesThese are a beginning list of process studies in ACT that are not based on self-report instruments per se: interview studies, analyses of transcripts, and the like. If you see find additional ones let ACBS staff know and ask them to add the reference to this page: community@contextualscience.org
Bouws, J., Henrard, A., de Koning, M., Schirmbeck, F., van Ghesel Grothe, S., van Aubel, E., Reininghaus, U., de Haan, L., & Myin-Germeys, I. (2024). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for individuals at risk for psychosis or with a first psychotic episode: A qualitative study on patients' perspectives. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 18(2), 122–131. DOI: 10.1111/eip.13442
Huish, E., Donnelly, O., & Marks, E. (2024). "I Really Felt the Feeling": A Systematic Review and Qualitative Thematic Synthesis of Healthcare Workers' Experiences of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Training. Journal of cognitive psychotherapy, 38(2), 94–118. DOI: 10.1891/JCP-2022-0030
Kudlek, L., Jones, R. A., Hughes, C., Duschinsky, R., Hill, A., Richards, R., Thompson, M., Vincent, A., Griffin, S. J. & Ahern, A. L. (2024). Experiences of emotional eating in an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy based weight management intervention (SWiM): A qualitative study. Appetite, 193, 107138. DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107138
Zancan, R. K., Constantinopolos, L. B., Pankowski, B. E., Bellini, B. D., & Oliveira, M. da S. (2023). Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso para Universitários: Um Estudo Qualitativo. Revista Psicologia: Teoria E Prática, 25(1), ePTPPE14535. DOI: 10.5935/1980-6906/ePTPPE14535.en
Sanabria-Mazo, J.P., Colomer-Carbonell, A., Gandara-Urrutia, N., Pérez-Sutil, J.M., Noboa-Rocamora, G., Fernández-Vázquez, Ó., Val-Mariano, G., Fontana-McNally, M., Cardona-Ros, G., Feliu-Soler, A., McCracken, L.M., Edo, S., Sanz, A., & Luciano, J.V. (2023 in press) Experiences of patients with chronic low back pain plus comorbid depressive symptoms in a videoconference group acceptance and commitment therapy or behavioral activation treatment for depression: a qualitative study. Disability and Rehabilitation. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2023.2298265
Edwards, V., Vari, C., Rose, M., Graham, C.D., O'Connell, N., Taylor, E., McCracken, L.M., Radunovic, A., Rakowicz, W., Norton, S., & Chalder, T. (2023). Participant experiences of guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for improving quality of life in muscle disease: a nested qualitative study within the ACTMus randomized controlled trial. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1233526. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233526
Arch, J.J., Slivjak, E., Bright, E.E., et al. (2022). Leveraging values to promote adherence to endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors: A mixed-methods investigation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 122-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.07.002
Aymerich, K., Wilczek, A., Ratanachatchuchai, S., Gilpin, H.R., Spahr, N., Jacobs, C., & Scott, W. (2022). "Living more and struggling less”: a qualitative descriptive study of patient experiences of physiotherapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy within a multidisciplinary pain management programme. Physiotherapy, 116, 33-41. DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2022.01.004
Contreras, M., Van Hout, E., Farquhar, M., McCracken, L.M., Gould, R.L., Hornberger, M., Richmond, E., & Kishita, N. (2022). Internet-delivered guided self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for family carers of people with dementia (iACT4CARERS): a qualitative study of carer views and acceptability. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 17(1). DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2066255
de Medeiros, A.G.A. & Hartmann Junior, J.A.S. (2022). A experiência da psicoterapia na terceira idade: uma análise a partir da terapia de aceitação e compromisso. In Novas diretrizes frente ao envelhecimento: diversidades, cuidados, inclusão e visibilidad, E-book VIII CIEH 2021. Campina Grande: Realize Editora. DOI: 10.46943/VIII.CIEH.2021.01.002
Engström, A.H., Bohm-Starke, N., Kullinger, M., Högberg, U., Buhrman, M., Skalkidou, A., & Widarsson, M. (2022). Experiences of internet-based treatment for vulvodynia: A qualitative study. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 33, 100756. DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100756
Giovannetti, A.M., Messmer Uccelli, M., Solari, A., & Pakenham, K.I. (2022). Evaluation of a program for training psychologists in an acceptance and commitment therapy resilience intervention for people with multiple sclerosis: a single-arm longitudinal design with a nested qualitative study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 44(22), 6926-6938. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2025926
Jones, R.A., Richards, R., Palat, R., Hughes, C., Hill, A.J., Vincent, A., Griffin, S.J., Ahern, A.L., & Duschinsky, R. (2022) Participants' experiences of mental health during a COVID-19 tailored ACT-based behavioural weight management intervention: a qualitative study. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being, 17(1). DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2022.2123093
Sato, C., Adumattah, A., Abulencia, M.K., Garcellano, P.D., Li, A.T., Fung, K., Poon, M.K., Vahabi, M., & Wong, J.P. (2022). COVID-19 Mental Health Stressors of Health Care Providers in the Pandemic Acceptance and Commitment to Empowerment Response (PACER) Intervention: Qualitative Study. JMIR Formative Research, 6(3), e35280. DOI: 10.2196/35280
Bahattab, M. & AlHadi, A.N. (2021). Acceptance and commitment group therapy among Saudi Muslim females with mental health disorders. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 19, 86-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.005
Bloy, S., Morris, E. M. J., Johns, L. C., Cooke, A., & Oliver, J. E. (2021). “My voices are just part of me, they don’t own me”: a qualitative investigation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy groups for people experiencing psychosis. Psychosis, Volume 13 2021 (3), 295-208. DOI: 10.1080/17522439.2020.1870542
Clery, P., Starbuck, J., Laffan, A., et al (2021). Qualitative study of the acceptability and feasibility of acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescents with chronic fatigue syndrome. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 5, e001139. DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001139
Galea Holmes, M.N., Wileman, V., McCracken, L.M., Critchley, D., March, M.K., Norton, S., Moss-Morris, R., Noonan, S., Barcellona, M., & Godfrey, E. (2021). Experiences of training and delivery of Physical therapy informed by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT): a longitudinal qualitative study. Physiotherapy, 112, 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.12.004
Gates, J., Goldstone, E., Clemente, J., Cugnetto, M., Morris, E. M. J., & Farhall, J. (2021). Adapting and implementing Acceptance and Commitment Therapy groups to support personal recovery of adults living with psychosis: a qualitative study of facilitators’ experiences. Psychosis, 14(4), 322–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/17522439.2021.1957991
Fogelkvist, M., Parling, T., Kjellin, L., & Gustafsson, S.A. (2021) Live with your body – participants’ reflections on an acceptance and commitment therapy group intervention for patients with residual eating disorder symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 184-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.04.006
Margolies, S.O., Patidar, S.M., Chidgey, B.A., Goetzinger, A., Sanford, J.B. & Short, N.A. (2021) Growth in crisis: A mixed methods study of lessons from our patients with chronic pain during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 19, 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.010
Yıldız, E. & Aylaz, R. (2021). How Counseling Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Supported With Motivational Interviewing Affects the Perceptions of Treatment Motivation in Patients Diagnosed With Schizophrenia: A Qualitative Study. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 27(5), 390-404. DOI: 10.1177/1078390320945380
Bendelin, N., Björkdahl, P., Risell, M., Zetterqvist Nelson, K., Gerdle, B., Andersson, G. & Buhrman, M. (2020) Patients’ experiences of internet-based Acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 21, 212. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-020-03198-1
Casey, M.-B., Murphy, D., Neary, R., Wade, C., Hearty, C. & Doody, C. (2020) Individuals perspectives related to acceptance, values and mindfulness following participation in an acceptance-based pain management programme. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.03.005
Giovannetti, A.M., Quintas, R., Tramacere, I., Giordano, A., Confalonieri, P., Messmer Uccelli, M., Solari, A., & Pakenham, K. I. (2020). A resilience group training program for people with multiple sclerosis: Results of a pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial and nested qualitative study. PLoS ONE, 15(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231380
Gismervik, S.Ø., Fimland, M.S., Fors, E.A., Johnsen, R., & Rise, M.B. (2019). The acceptance and commitment therapy model in occupational rehabilitation of musculoskeletal and common mental disorders: a qualitative focus group study. Disability and Rehabilitation, 41(26), 3181-3191. DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1490824
Woolf-King, S.E., Sheinfil, A.Z., Babowich, J.D., Siedle-Khan, B., Loitsch, A. & Maisto, S.A. (2019). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for HIV-infected Hazardous Drinkers: A Qualitative Study of Acceptability. Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly, 37(3), 342-358. DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2018.1539630
Bendelin, N., Gerdle, B., & Andersson, G. (2018). Internet-delivered aftercare following multimodal rehabilitation program for chronic pain: a qualitative feasibility study. Journal of Pain Research, 11, 1715-1728. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S157939
Thompson, M., Vowles, K. E., Sowden, G., Ashworth, J., & Levell, J. (2018). A qualitative analysis of patient‐identified adaptive behaviour changes following interdisciplinary Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain. European Journal of Pain.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1184
Tyrberg, M.J., Carlbring, P. & Lundgren, T. (2017) Usefulness of the ACT model for nurses in psychiatric inpatient care: A qualitative content analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(2), 208-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.04.011
Köhle, N., Drossaert, C.H.C., Jaran, J. et al. (2017) User-experiences with a web-based self-help intervention for partners of cancer patients based on acceptance and commitment therapy and self-compassion: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 17, 225. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4121-2
Fogelkvist, M., Parling, T., Kjellin, L. et al. (2016). A qualitative analysis of participants’ reflections on body image during participation in a randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Eating Disorders, 4, 29. DOI: 10.1186/s40337-016-0120-4
Fitzpatrick, M., Henson, A., Grumet, R., Poolokasingham, G., Foa, C., Comeau, T., & Prendergast, C. (2016). Challenge, focus, inspiration and support: Processes of values clarification and congruence. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5, 7–15. 16 clients who went through an ACT-based values workshop were interviews and a qualitative method called Thematic Analysis was applied to the transcripts. Participants were generally motivated to work on values because of life challenges. Behavioral changes were linked to focused attention, inspiration by values work, and the support of others. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.02.001
Thompson-Janes, E., Brice, S., McElroy, R., Abbott, J., & Ball, J. (2016). Learning from the experts: a thematic analysis of parent's experiences of attending a therapeutic group for parents of children with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour, British Journal of Learning Diaabilities, 44, 95-102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bld.12115 Qualitiative interviews of ACT-based group for parents of children with learning disabilities and behaviour problems were scored using thematic analysis. Four main themes were identified: (i) parent's pre-group narratives, (ii) barriers and solutions, (iii) positive aspects of the program and (iv) positive outcomes
Rise, M.B., Gismervik, S.Ø., Johnsen, R. et al. (2015). Sick-listed persons’ experiences with taking part in an in-patient occupational rehabilitation program based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: a qualitative focus group interview study. BMC Health Services Research, 15, 526. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-015-1190-8
There is a qualitative measure in this study on ACT for veteran’s w/ PTSD who are parents. Robert B. Casselman & Joy R. Pemberton (2015). ACT-Based Parenting Group for Veterans With PTSD: Development and Preliminary Outcomes. The American Journal of Family Therapy, 43, 57-66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2014.939003
The Twohig/Hayes book “ACT Verbatim” (New Harbinger) applies what is in essence a coding system to some of the transcript analysis there.
The experiences of people using an ACT based smart phone app were coded in this study. John Goodwin, John Cummins, Laura Behan & Sinead M. O’Brien (2015) Development of a mental health smartphone app: perspectives of mental health service users. Journal of Mental Health, 25, 434-440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638237.2015.1124392
Berman, Margit I.; Hill, Clara E.; Liu, Jingqing; Jackson, John; Sim, Wonjin; Spangler, Patricia (2012). Relational events in acceptance and commitment therapy for three clients with anorexia nervosa: What is corrective? In Castonguay, Louis G. (Ed); Hill, Clara E. (Ed). (2012). Transformation in psychotherapy: Corrective experiences across cognitive behavioral, humanistic, and psychodynamic approaches (pp. 215-244). Washington, DC, US: American Psychological Association, xiii, 390 pp. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/13747-012
This study showed using transcript analysis that changes in client behavior in session predicted outcomes in an ACT RCT: Hesser, H., Westin, V., Hayes, S. C., & Andersson, G. (2009). Clients’ in-session acceptance and cognitive defusion behaviors in acceptance-based treatment of tinnitus distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 47, 523–528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2009.02.002
Snapshots of the ACT RCT evidence base
Snapshots of the ACT RCT evidence baseSnapshots of the ACT RCT evidence base (December 2019):
In December 2019 there were 347 published RCTs and thus subject guide was made. Details of each of these studies, along with links to the original research articles, can be found here. You can use it as a snapshop of the relative distribution of randomized ACT studies as of 2019. As of January 2023, there are now 1,024 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ACT published in scholarly journals. Thus this is not reliable as a snapshot of the current ACT RCT evidence-base.
It is, of course, the case that evidence from RCTs is only one part of evidence-based intervention, and for some questions and issues it is arguably not the most important. Other pages provide information on meta-analyses, processes of change, mediation, qualitative studies, basic studies, single-case designs, and so on. Mere headcounts do not consider the quality of the evidence, which varies from excellent to poor depending on the specific study. That is one reason meta-analyses are so important since typically they examine research quality and attempt to temper conclusion on that basis.
Area: |
Number of studies as of Dec 2019 |
Anxiety | 37 |
Various | 35 |
Depression | 35 |
Pain | 31 |
Stress | 18 |
Substance Abuse | 17 |
Weight Loss/Obesity | 17 |
Social Anxiety | 15 |
Cancer | 14 |
Parenting | 11 |
Psychosis | 9 |
Smoking | 8 |
Couple / Marital Relations | 8 |
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 7 |
Multiple Sclerosis | 7 |
Quality of Life | 7 |
Diabetes | 6 |
Eating Disorders | 6 |
Prevention | 5 |
Stigma | 5 |
Exercise | 5 |
Fibromyalgia | 4 |
Sleep | 4 |
Training | 4 |
Sports Performance | 4 |
Dialysis | 3 |
Occupational Outcomes | 3 |
Procrastination | 3 |
Suicide | 3 |
Borderline Personality Disorder | 2 |
Bowel Diseases | 2 |
Epilepsy | 2 |
Health Behaviors | 2 |
HIV | 2 |
Tinnitus | 2 |
Trichotillomania | 2 |
Aggression | 1 |
Asthma | 1 |
Attention | 1 |
Confidence | 1 |
Gambling | 1 |
Perfectionism | 1 |
Pornography | 1 |
Pregnancy | 1 |
Psychological Flexibility | 1 |
Skill Coaching | 1 |
Somatic Syndromes | 1 |
Stroke | 1 |
Trauma | 1 |
Negative Findings
Negative FindingsNegative findings are helpful in in program development but they can be overlooked in the at time overwhelming flow of ACT data. That is why it is often recommended in the various sections on ACT research evidence on the website to prioritize well done meta-analysis and reviews by high quality scientific agencies; it's very hard nowadays for any one person to pick through thousands of studies to find negative findings. The list below is meant more as a set of examples. Readers can help by sending items they have stumbled across in the Randomized Controlled Trials list or elsewhere to missingstudies at gmail dot com (the email address is written like that to avoid spam). If you have them organized by topic and you are an ACBS member who has logged in you can easily add a daughter page below and describe the study or list of studies. If you have actual data about the population or treatment characteristics that predict poor response, that would be especially important. We know moderation is key and there is no "one size fits all" solution so finding you when ACT is less effective and when it is not is key to our progress. Thus it is good to list ideas about why it might not have worked, but do also consider that the other alternative is that it did not work because it does not work! It is especially important if the process moved significantly but the outcome did not. That is a model failure and it is a type of failure that demands careful attention. If the process did not move, or the outcome did not move, or both, it could be a technology failure or an interaction with other features and so on so. In either case, it needs to be pursued and this list is thus a resource for progress. In general below we are trying to emphasize studies where the primary outcome was moved significantly less by ACT than other methods -- mere mixed finding are quite common as any good meta-analysis will reveal but if it is unclear (e.g.. the primary outcome is not spelled out) those too can be included here. We hope this helps you find the times and places where ACT is second best or maybe even downright unhelpful.
Studies with negative findings or mixed findings (note, this is not a comprehensive list! See above):
- Hajati, E., Gharraee, B., Fathali Lavasani, F., Farahani, H., & Rajab, A. (2024). Comparing the effectiveness of acceptance-based emotion regulation therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on hemoglobin glycosylated and self-care in patients with type II diabetes: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of behavioral medicine, 47(5), 874–885. DOI: 10.1007/s10865-024-00507-0 Both acceptance-based emotion regulation therapy (ABERT) and ACT led to significant improvements compared to the control group. However, ABERT was more effective than ACT in reducing HbA1c levels and enhancing self-care behaviors.
- Rauwenhoff, J.C.C., Bol, Y., Peeters, F., et al. (2024). Acceptance and commitment therapy for people with depressive and anxiety symptoms following acquired brain injury: Results of the BrainACT randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 187, 111933. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111933 The study was negative on the primary outcome measures. On an individual level, this study showed that especially on the long term ACT seems to show a more clinically relevant decrease in anxiety and depressive symptoms compared to an active control intervention.
- Van Wasshenova, E., Boardley, D., Geers, A., Tull, M. & Steiner, V. (2023) A Brief Value-based Randomized Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Patients Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation. American Journal of Health Education, 54(1), 10-19, DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2022.2142334 The results indicate that the intervention did not change positive affective associations or increase physical activity behavior.
- Hansen, K.E., Brandsborg, B., Kesmodel, U.S. et al. (2023). Psychological interventions improve quality of life despite persistent pain in endometriosis: results of a 3-armed randomized controlled trial. Quality of Life Research, 32, 1727–1744. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-023-03346-9 Compared to WL, psychological intervention (MY-ENDO + Non-specific) did not significantly reduce pain. However, psychological intervention did significantly improve three QoL-subscales as well as the endometriosis-related symptoms ‘dyschezia’ and ‘constipation’.
- Behnamfar, K., Rajaei, A., Teymouri, S. (2023). Comparing the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on resilience of mothers with autistic children. Razavi International Journal of Medicine, 11(1), 38-45. DOI: 10.30483/rijm.2023.254412.1234 The results confirmed that CBT is more effective than ACT on the resilience of the mothers of children with autism. It is suggested that CBT be used to promote the mental well-being of these mothers.
- Myin-Germeys, I., van Aubel, E., Vaessen, T., Steinhart, H., Klippel, A., Lafit, G., Viechtbauer, W., Batink, T., van Winkel, R., van der Gaag, M., van Amelsvoort, T., Marcelis, M., Schirmbeck, F., de Haan, L., & Reininghaus, U. (2022). Efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in Daily Life in Early Psychosis: Results from the Multi-Center INTERACT Randomized Controlled Trial. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 91, 411–423. DOI: 10.1159/000522274 INTERACT did not support a significant effect of ACT-DL over TAU on the primary outcome measure of psychotic distress.
- Mueller, J., Richards, R., Jones, R. A., Whittle, F., Woolston, J., Stubbings, M., Sharp, S. J., Griffin, S. J., Bostock, J., Hughes, C. A., Hill, A. J., & Ahern, A. L. (2022). Supporting Weight Management during COVID-19 (SWiM-C): A randomised controlled trial of a web-based, ACT-based, guided self-help intervention. Obesity Facts, 15(4), 550–559. DOI: 10.1159/000524031 Differences in weight and some other outcomes were compatible with no effect of the intervention.
- Levin, M. E., Krafft, J., Seifert, S. & Lillis, J. (2022). Tracking valued and avoidant functions with health behaviors: A randomized controlled trial of the acceptance and commitment therapy matrix mobile app. Behavior Modification, 46(1), 63–89. DOI: 10.1177/0145445520913987 Neither the HBT or HBT+ACT app improved other health behavior outcome measures or values processes relative to the waitlist. Overall, findings suggest some benefits of the ACT Matrix app for addressing physical activity by tracking valued/avoidant functions, but mixed findings on acceptability, outcomes, and processes of change suggests impact may be relatively limited.
- Braun, L., Terhorst, Y., Titzler, I., Freund, J., Thielecke, J., Ebert, D.D., & Baumeister, H. (2022). Lessons learned from an attempted pragmatic randomized controlled trial for improvement of chronic pain-sssociated disability in green professions: Long-term effectiveness of guided online-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (PACT-A). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 13858. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192113858 No treatment effect for reduction of pain interference was found.
- Kianpour Barjoee, L., Amini, N., Keykhosrovani, M., & Shafiabadi, A. (2022). The Effect of Positive Thinking Skills Training and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Perceived Stress among Women with Breast Cancer. Women’s Health Bulletin, 9(1), 9-16. DOI: 10.30476/whb.2022.93905.1159 According to the results, positive thinking training and ACT were effective in reducing perceived stress in women with breast cancer. Moreover, positive thinking training was more effective in declining stress in women with breast cancer.
- Ebrahimi, A., Nasre Esfahan, E., Akuchekian, S., Izadi, R., Shaneh, E., & Mahaki, B. (2022). A randomized clinical trial: Comparison of group acceptance and commitment therapy with drug on quality of life and depression in patients with obsessive–compulsive disorder. Journal of Research in Medical Scienes, 27(1), 9. SSRIs are more effective than ACT in treating depression in obsessive–compulsive patients.
- Behnamfar, K., Rajaei, A.R., & Teymouri, S. (2022). Comparison of cognitive-behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on cognitive flexibility in mothers with autistic children. Social Determinants of Health, 8(1), 1-9. DOI: 10.22037/sdh.v8i1.37302 The results indicated that both training methods of CBT and ACT significantly increased the cognitive flexibility of the mothers with autistic children. Based on the results of Tukey's test, CBT training was more effective on cognitive flexibility of the mothers with autistic children compared to ACT training.
- Faghihi, A., Zanjani, Z., Omidi, A. & Fakharian, E. (2022). A comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy received by patients with major depressive disorder following traumatic brain injury for emotional status and quality of life of their caregivers: A randomized controlled trial. Asian Journal of Social Health and Behavior, 5(1), 24-32. DOI: 10.4103/shb.shb_19_22 CBT is more effective than ACT.
- Laula, T. (2022). Psykologisk utvärdering av Acceptance and Commitment Therapy vid diabetes typ 2 : En behandlingsstudie med SCED-design inom primärvård. Dissertation, Mittuniversitetet, Sweden. The conclusion the author makes is that the present study as well as previous studies does not support the continued use of this treatment without further studies of its efficacy. Retrieved from https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-45625
- De Wit, J., Beelen, A., Drossaert, C. H. C., Kolijn, R., Van Den Berg, L. H., Schröder, C. C., & Visser-Meily, J. M. A. (2020). Blended psychosocial support for partners of patients with ALS and PMA: Results of a randomized controlled trial. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis And Frontotemporal Degeneration, 21, 344-354. DOI: 10.1080/21678421.2020.1757114 The support program had no effect on the primary or secondary outcomes, despite a significant positive effect on the intervening variable self-efficacy with regard to control over thoughts.
- Sabouri, H., Zarei, E., Samavi, A., & Amir Fakhraei, A. (2020). Comparison the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Compassion Focused Therapy on the quality of life and tendency to betray in married students with tendency to infidelity. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology, 2(3),184-199. DOI:10.29252/ieepj.2.3.184 CFT was more effective than ACT in terms of physical health and, conversely, ACT was more effective than CFT in terms of mental health and social communication.
- Rahimi, A., Amiri, H., Afsharriniya, K., & Arefi, M. (2020). Comparing the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in the Enhancement of Marital Satisfaction and Sexual Intimacy in Couples Referred to Counseling Centers. Avicenna Journal of Neuro Psycho Physiology, 7(2), 126-132. DOI: 10.32592/ajnpp.2020.7.2.107 It was found that CBT exerted a more profound effect on marital satisfaction and sexual intimacy, compared to ACT.
- Levin, M.E., Hayes, S.C., Pistorello, J. & Seeley, J. (2016). Web-based self-help for preventing mental health problems in universities: Comparing acceptance and commitment training to mental health education. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 207-225. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22254.
- Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Kaye, J. L., Gershkovich, M., Goetter, E., Yuen, E. K., Glassman, L., Goldstein, S., Hitchcock, P., Tronieri, J. S., Berkowitz, S., & Marando-Blanck, S. (2018). Randomized controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy versus traditional cognitive behavior therapy for social anxiety disorder: Symptomatic and behavioral outcomes. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 88-96. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.008 Those who received CBT evidenced greater improvements in self-reported social anxiety symptoms and overall functioning than those who received ACT. Medium effect sizes, while not statistically significant, indicate that ACT participants may have had greater improvements in observer-rated social behavior than CBT participants.
- Montazeri, S., Aghaei Jashoghani, A., & Golparvar, M. (2018). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Management Based on Mindfulness and Treatment Based on Acceptance and Commitment on Psychological Well-being in Multiple Sclerosis Patients. Sadra Medical Journal, 7(1), 59-74. DOI: 10.30476/smsj.2018.44755 The results of Bonferroni's post hoc test for the comparison of couples in groups showed that cognitive-behavioral management stress based on mindfulness rather than the one based on acceptance and commitment has had a greater impact on both post-test and follow-up on the total score of psychological well-being and autonomy components, environmental mastery, purposeful life, and personal growth.
- Masjedi-Araani, A., & Khanaliloo, R. (2018). Comparison of the Efficacy of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and ACT (ACT) in Reducing Depression in Women with Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 5(2), 112-121. DOI: 10.22122/ijbmc.v5i2.117 CBT was more effective than ACT.
- Jung, M. J., Na, M. O., & Son, C. N. (2017). Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on premenstrual symptoms, attitudes about menstruation, and perceived stress of women with premenstrual syndrome. Journal of Digital Convergence, 15(1), 485-495. DOI : 10.14400/JDC.2017.15.1.485 In regards to attitudes toward menstruation, there were no statistical significance in the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group
- Ko, Y-J., & Kim, J. M. (2015). The effect of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on female university students with social anxiety disorder. Korean Journal of Emotional & Behavioral Disorders, 31(2), 175-197. In the case of the ACT group, emotional characteristics and social interaction anxiety did not show significant changes.
- Craske, M. G., Niles, A. N., Burklund, L. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Vilardaga, J. C. P., Arch, J. J., Saxbe, D. E., & Lieberman, M. D. (2014). Randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for social phobia: Outcomes and moderators. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82(6), 1034–1048. DOI: 10.1037/a0037212 Equivalent findings overall for ACT and CBT but better findings for CBT with participants with lower self-reported psychological flexibility at baseline
and either very low or very high self-reported fear of negative evaluation. - Luciano, J. V., Gullar, J. A., Aguado, J., López-del-Hoyo, Y., Olivan, B., Magallón, R., Alda, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., Gilli, M., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2014). Effectiveness of group acceptance and commitment therapy for fibromyalgia: A 6-month randomized controlled trial (EFFIGACT study). Pain, 155, 693-702. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2013.12.029 Group based ACT was statistically superior to both recommended pharmacological treatment and waitlist immediately after treatment, and improvements were maintained at 6 months with medium effect sizes in most cases. Unexpectedly, 4 of the 5 tested path analyses did not show a mediation effect.
- Lanza, P. V., García, P. F., Lamelas, F. R., & González-Menéndez, A. (2014). Acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of substance use disorder with incarcerated women. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70, 644-657. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22060 At posttreatment, CBT was more effective than ACT in reducing anxiety sensitivity.
ACT for Math Anxiety
ACT for Math Anxiety
Zettle, R. D. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) versus systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. The Psychological Record, 53, 197-215.
This study compared ACT to systematic desensitization. The recent meta-analysis of the ACT literature included it and you can download the study from this website. Rob found that ACT worked better than a control condition, as did desensitization. On measures of math anxiety, ACT and desensitization were not statistically significantly different, but the d was in the wrong direction, and on general levels of overall anxiety, desensitization was better.
In 1999 ACT book we said this about fitting a fairly challenging intervention like ACT to the problem: "Before ACT begins, the client must be prepared for it. It can be an intensive intervention and the clients should not be subjected to such interventions lightly." In line with that, it seems possible that Math Anxiety is too low level of a problem to warrant ACT. Interestingly, in Zettle's study highly experientially avoidant participants did better in ACT than those who were not avoidant -- while the same did not hold true for desensitization.
This study has since been replicated and the results were a bit different:
Brown, L. A., Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Hoffman, K. L., Yuen, E. K. and Goetter, E. M. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance-based behavior therapy and cognitive therapy for test anxiety: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 35, 31-53.
It was a very small RCT (N = 16) for test anxiety comparing ACT (with mindfulness elements) and Beck’s cognitive therapy. Much like the Zettle study, there were similar outcomes on self-reports. In this study however ACT participants did better on actual test scores in school. So perhaps the Zettle result was not just due to a focus on a more minor population.
ACT for Pain
ACT for PainI have had many failures replicating the Hayes et al (1999) pain tolerance study. Over the years I have answered criticisms of reviewers in my attempt to have negative results published. As a result I have begun to video record my interventions for analysis by anyone who is interested. I now take a whole host of adherence measures and subjective reports. I have even examined acceptance over the long run in the lab. But still no effects on pain tolerance for ACT-derived protocols over placebos or alternative treatments (relaxation and education or supression). often no effects for acceptance-based interventions at all.
I would love to offer practical suggestions but as you will see from my list I have five years of research here - so I am trying! I am all out of suggestions. I also think that if the procedure has to be contrived so much that effects are only measureable on such measures as the AAQ (which measures what ACT teaches the client - ipso facto we will see changes in scores) or if the research requires a clincian as experimenter or highly elaborate and exhaustive subjective ratings and statistical techniques - its not a very powerful effect! So I hesitate to contrive procedures much mroe complex than what I have got. (The details of which I hope we will discuss as a community in reposne to these postings).
So here is my list of failures....
Failure 1
Examining the effectiveness of acceptance and control – based interventions on pain tolerance.
This study compared the effectiveness of an acceptance-based and control-based intervention on pain tolerance using a cold pressor task, and is a part-replication and extension of the Hayes et al., (1999) study. Twenty college students were exposed to the cold pressor task before, immediately after, and 20 minutes subsequent, to an 8 minute acceptance-based or control-based therapeutic intervention, including the use of physical and abstract metaphors. Half of the participants were also assigned to a high demand characteristic condition in which the experimenter purposely placed subtle social pressure on them to please the experimenter. The results showed that the most significant factor influencing performance on the cold pressor task was the effect of placing social pressure on participants, with no significant overall effect for Acceptance or Control interventions.
Failure 2
A Systematic Analysis of the Role of Demand Characteristics in an Acceptance Based Approach to Pain Tolerance.
This study compared the role of demand characteristics in an acceptance-based approach to pain tolerance and both the long and short-term effects of the acceptance-based versus the no therapy interventions. Forty participants were exposed to a cold pressor task before and immediately after a short intervention. Twenty-eight participants also completed a follow up task three months later. Half of the participants receiving each intervention were also subject to high levels of demand characteristics. In this high demand condition the experimenter placed subtle social pressure on the participants to perform well on the second cold pressor task. The findings showed that participants in the acceptance condition improved more, but not significantly more, than those in the no therapy condition. Participants in the high demand condition performed significantly better than those in the low demand condition. Interaction effects for therapy x demand were also found between the experimental groups.
Failure 3
Comparing the Effectiveness of Acceptance and Control Strategies for Pain Tolerance with a Sub-clinical Population
This study used an experienced psycho synthesis therapist and cognitive behavior therapy postgraduate as an experimenter who had studied ACT and taken the full ACT weekend workshop. This study was a part replication and extension of the Hayes, Bissett, Korn, Zettle, Rosenfarb, Cooper and Grunt (1999) study. Four sub-clinical volunteers (two smokers, one drinker and a tantrum thrower) were exposed to a cold pressor task before, immediately after, and several weeks subsequent to a 90 minute acceptance-based therapeutic intervention. Baseline rates of idiosyncratic problem behaviours were also recorded prior to, and for several weeks subsequent to, the initial intervention. The acceptance-based intervention was then administered weekly for up to 25 weeks by a qualified cognitive-behavior therapist to asses its impact on pain tolerance and target problem behaviour rates in the longer term. The acceptance-based intervention showed weak effects on pain tolerance during all phases of the study and no discernible effects on problem behaviors were observed (in fact they got worse!).
Failure 4
Examining the effectiveness of an acceptance and relaxation-based intervention on pain tolerance
This study attempted to compare the effectiveness of an acceptance and relaxation-based intervention on pain tolerance to a cold pressor task and is a partial replication and extension of the Hayes et al., (1999) study. Forty college students were exposed to a cold pressor task before and immediately after an eight minute acceptance-based and relaxation-based intervention. Half of the participants in each group were also assigned to a high demand condition, in which subtle social pressure was placed on the participants to please the experimenter and do well in the task. The results confirmed that the most significant factor influencing performance on the cold pressor task was placing social pressure on participants to do well. There was no significant overall effect for either the acceptance or relaxation-based intervention although both produced mild improvements in pain tolerance.
Failure 5
The effectiveness of an acceptance and control-based interventions on pain tolerance at two different levels of pain in a cold pressor task.
This study employed the now standard procedure of using 40 subjects – half get an acceptance protocol and half get a control-based protocol following a baseline cold pressor task and before a post-intervention cold pressor task. Half of each group get cold pressors at 0 degrees centigrade – the remainder at 3 degrees. Acceptance has a mild effect – not significant – and does not interact with temperature on an ANOVA. This dashed our hopes that maybe acceptance was more useful for intense pain over mild pain – no lab data to support that idea yet.
Failure 6
So maybe it’s the subject’s fault! Assessing the effectiveness of acceptance and control based interventions with anxious and non-anxious subjects.
We recruited 20 high and 20 low trait anxiety subjects by screening with the STAI. We defined high and low as one SD above and below the mean score as outlined in the standardized distribution scores. Half of each got a control intervention and half got acceptance. Anxious subjects did not benefit more than non anxious from either the acceptance or the control intervention on a cold pressor task. Overall no effect for acceptance. No effects were found on any subjective reports.
ACT for weight control
ACT for weight controlWe did a study in the mid 1980's comparing an ACT protocol for weight control with a "best of breed" CBT protocol in a 12 session group format. The results were pretty good for both of the interventions, but not different. This was early in the research program. Self as context, contact with the present moment, and values were all less emphasized than they are now.
Jason Lillis' dissertation in 2007 showed that a brief ACT workshop was able to reduce weight related self-stigma and increase quality of life. Even though the intervention did not target weight loss directly, there was an average of 5 pounds lost and maintained at follow up. Check out the publication for the main study and for the weight-specific AAQ.
Assessment Measures
Assessment MeasuresA number of instruments have been developed to measure ACT and CBS processes. This section of the site will provide more information about these instruments, including downloads when available.
We encourage developers to contribute updates to this section of the site as often as possible. Interested parties are also encouraged to join the ACT for Professionals listserv and to read the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (JCBS) to learn of updated measures. Click on an instrument below to learn more about it.
ACBS Members: If you have an CBS specific measure you would like listed here, please email it and its reference citation to community@contextualscience.org
CBS Assessment Measures in 49 Languages Other than English
CBS Assessment Measures in 49 Languages Other than EnglishThis page includes a list of non-English measures relevant to ACT or psychological flexibility, or to other CBS-related areas (e.g., CFT, FAP, RFT, etc), both translated and original. As a courtesy, if you use these versions in research it is common to contact the translator (or originator if it began as a non-English measure) and let them know of the study -- ideally before publishing it. If you know of a non-English CBS-relevant measure validated in a journal or study, please email the instrument and the citation to community@contextualscience.org. The measures need not be limited to self-report measures validated by psychometric evaluations (indeed, psychometrics itself has been roundly criticized in the CBS literature). The measures can include experience sampling, behavioral, observational or other measures appropriate for idiographic functional analysis or idionomic process-based research, in line with the Task Force report on CBS research strategies (which you can find here: bit.ly/ACBSTaskForce). Thank you to all of our ACBS members who have contributed to this site, our science, and our community!
Measures in Albanian (Shqip)
Measures in Albanian (Shqip) CommunityMeasures in Arabic (اللغة العربية)
Measures in Arabic (اللغة العربية)Measures in Basque (Euskara)
Measures in Basque (Euskara) CommunityMeasures in Bosnian (Bosanski)
Measures in Bosnian (Bosanski) CommunityMeasures in Bulgarian (български)
Measures in Bulgarian (български) CommunityMeasures in Catalan (Català)
Measures in Catalan (Català) CommunityMeasures in Chinese (中文)
Measures in Chinese (中文)- AADQ - Chinese
- AAQ-II - Chinese
- AAQ-AHL - Chinese
- AFQ-Y8 - Chinese
- ASQ - Chinese
- ATQ - Chinese
- BEAQ - Chinese
- BI-AAQ - Chinese
- Brief COPE - Chinese
- CAMM - Chinese
- CAQ - Chinese
- CFQ - Chinese
- COPE - Chinese
- CPAQ - Chinese
- CompACT - Chinese
- DERS - Chinese
- ELS - Chinese
- FFMQ - Chinese
- FMI - Chinese
- KIMS - Chinese
- MAAS - Chinese
- MAAS-A - Chinese
- MEQ - Chinese
- MEQ-C - Chinese
- MPFI - Chinese
- PHLMS - Chinese
- PIPS - Chinese
- PPFI - Chinese
- PPFQ - Chinese
- Psy-Flex - Chinese
- SACS - Chinese
- SCS - Chinese
- SCS-SF - Chinese
- TAS-20 - Chinese
- VQ - Chinese
- WAAQ - Chinese
- WBSI - Chinese
- WSSQ - Chinese
Measures in Croatian (Hrvatski)
Measures in Croatian (Hrvatski) CommunityMeasures in Czech (Čeština)
Measures in Czech (Čeština)Measures in Danish (Dansk)
Measures in Danish (Dansk) CommunityMeasures in Dutch (Nederlandstalig)
Measures in Dutch (Nederlandstalig)- AAQ-II - Dutch
- AAQ-II-P - Dutch
- AAQ-ABI - Dutch
- AFQ-Y - Dutch
- ASQ - Dutch
- ATQ - Dutch
- Brief COPE - Dutch
- CAMM - Dutch
- CAQ - Dutch
- CEAS - Dutch
- CFQ - Dutch
- COPE - Dutch
- ELS - Dutch
- FFMQ - Dutch
- FIT-60 - Dutch
- FMI - Dutch
- KIMS - Dutch
- MAAS - Dutch
- MAAS-A - Dutch
- MEAQ - Dutch
- PIPS - Dutch
- Psy-Flex - Dutch
- SCS-SF - Dutch
- TAS-20 - Dutch
- WBSI - Dutch
Measures in Estonian (Eesti keel)
Measures in Estonian (Eesti keel) CommunityMeasures in Finnish (Suomi)
Measures in Finnish (Suomi)- AAQ-II - Finnish
- CPAQ - Finnish
- DERS - Finnish
- MAAS - Finnish
- Psy-Flex - Finnish
- TAS-20 - Finnish
- WBSI - Finnish
Click here for Arviointilomakkeet
- AAQ-II
- AFQ-Y
- ATQ
- CAMM
- CompACT
- DAAS
- FFMQ
- RISP
- VLQ
- WBSI
Measures in French (Français)
Measures in French (Français)- AAQ- II - French
- AAQ-SA - French
- ASQ - French
- ATQ - French
- Brief COPE - French
- CAMM - French
- CAQ-8 - French
- CFQ - French
- DERS - French
- EACQ - French
- FFMQ - French
- FMI - French
- KIMS - French
- MAAS - French
- MPFI - French
- PIPS - French
- Psy-Flex - French
- SCS - French
- TAS-20 - French
- VAAS - French
- WSSQ - French
Click here for more translations in French
- VLQ
- WBSI
Measures in Georgian (ქართული)
Measures in Georgian (ქართული) CommunityMeasures in German (Deutsch)
Measures in German (Deutsch)- AADQ - German
- AAQ-II - German
- AAQ-II-P - German
- ACT-SQ - German
- ASQ - German
- ASQ-Y - German
- BEAQ - German
- Brief COPE - German
- Bulls Eye - German
- CAQ - German
- CFQ - German
- CPAQ - German
- CTAQ - German
- CompACT - German
- DERS - German
- EQ - German
- FFMQ - German
- FMI - German
- KIMS - German
- MAAS - German
- PBAT - German
- PIPS - German
- Psy-Flex - German
- PVQ II - German
- SCS - German
- SCS-CA - German
- TAS-20 - German
- WBSI - German
- WSSQ - German
MPFI - German
MPFI - GermanMultidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory - German (MPFI-G, v1.0, 2/2022)
Quellenhinweis: Rolffs, J. L., Rogge, R. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2016). Disentangling Components of Flexibility via the Hexaflex Model Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Assessment, 1073191116645905.
Deutsche Bearbeitung von K. Ackermann
Measures in Greek (Ελληνικά)
Measures in Greek (Ελληνικά)- AAQ-II - Greek
- AFQ-Y - Greek
- AIS - Greek
- BI-AAQ - Greek
- Brief COPE - Greek
- Bulls Eye - Greek
- CAMM - Greek
- CAQ-8 - Greek
- CFQ - Greek
- COPE - Greek
- CPAQ - Greek
- DERS - Greek
- KIMS - Greek
- MAAS - Greek
- MEQ - Greek
- PIPS - Greek
- Psy-Flex - Greek
- SCS - Greek
- SCS-Y - Greek
- TAS-20 - Greek
- VLQ - Greek
- VQ - Greek
Measures in Gujarati (ગુજરાતી)
Measures in Gujarati (ગુજરાતી) CommunityMeasures in Hebrew (עברית)
Measures in Hebrew (עברית) CommunityMeasures in Hindi (हिन्दी)
Measures in Hindi (हिन्दी) CommunityMeasures in Hungarian (Magyar)
Measures in Hungarian (Magyar)Measures in Icelandic (Íslenska)
Measures in Icelandic (Íslenska) CommunityMeasures in Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia)
Measures in Indonesian (Bahasa Indonesia) CommunityMeasures in Italian (Italiano)
Measures in Italian (Italiano)- AAQ-II - Italian
- AAQ-Sports - Italian
- AFQ-Y - Italian
- ATQ - Italian
- Brief COPE - Italian
- CAMM - Italian
- CFQ - Italian
- CompACT - Italian
- COPE - Italian
- CPAQ - Italian
- CTAQ - Italian
- CVD-AAQ - Italian
- DERS - Italian
- FFMQ - Italian
- FMI - Italian
- ISS - Italian
- MAAS - Italian
- MAAS-A - Italian
- MEQ - Italian
- MFPI - Italian
- PBAT - Italian
- PHLMS - Italian
- PIPS - Italian
- Psy-Flex - Italian
- SCS - Italian
- SCS-SF - Italian
- TAS-20 - Italian
- VLQ - Italian
- WBSI - Italian
-
WSSQ - Italian
Miscellaneous Measures - Italian
Miscellaneous Measures - ItalianBVI Italian
BVI ItalianBaroni, D., McCracken, L. M., Matera, C., Nerini, A., & Stefanile, C. (2019). Misurare i valori: proprietà psicometriche della versione italiana del Brief Values Inventory. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 25(1), 13-33.
CTAQ - Italian Validation
CTAQ - Italian ValidationMoschen, R., Fioretti, A., Eibenstein, A., Natalini, E., Chiarella, G., Viola, P., Cuda, D., Cassandro, C., Scarpa, A., Rumpold, G., & Riedl, D. (2019). Validation of the Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ-I): the Italian version. Acta otorhinolaryngologica Italica : organo ufficiale della Societa italiana di otorinolaringologia e chirurgia cervico-facciale, 39(2), 107–116. https://doi.org/10.14639/0392-100X-2144
DAS Italian
DAS ItalianDysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS)
Weissman, A. & Beck, A. T. (1978). Development and validation of the dysfunctional attitudes scale. Paper presented at the meeting of the Association ot the Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Chicago, IL.
Referenza bibliografica: Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Panzera, A., Carloni, V., Romitelli, M., Picchio, G. (2015). Validation of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) in the Italian youth population. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 13 Poster Session – Berlin, German- July 14-19, 2015.
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
PSS Italian
PSS ItalianPerceived Stress Scale (PSS-10)
Cohen, S., & Williamson, G. (1988). Perceived stress in a probability sample of the United States. In S. Spacapan & S. Oskamp (Eds.), The social psychology of health: Claremont Symposium on applied social psychology. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Referenza bibliografica: Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Panzera, A., Ristè, N., Carloni, V. (2015). Reliability and validity of an Italian version of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) for Youths. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 13 Poster Session – Berlin, German- July 14-19, 2015.
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
SHS Italian
SHS ItalianSubjective Happiness Scale (SHS)
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46, 137-155.
Referenza bibliografica: Panzera., A., Carloni, V., Romitelli M., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E. (2015). Subjective Happiness Scale (SHS): psychometric properties on an Italian sample of adolescents. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 13 Poster Session – Berlin, German- July 14-19, 2015.
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
Measures in Japanese (日本語)
Measures in Japanese (日本語)- 6-PAQ - Japanese
- AAQ-II - Japanese
- AADQ - Japanese
- AFQ-Y - Japanese
- ASQ - Japanese
- ATQ - Japanese
- BEAQ - Japanese
- CAMM - Japanese
- Brief COPE - Japanese
- CEAS - Japanese
- CFQ - Japanese
- COPE - Japanese
- CPAQ - Japanese
- DERS - Japanese
- EACQ - Japanese
- EQ - Japanese
- FFMQ - Japanese
- MAAS - Japanese
- MPFI - Japanese
- PAAQ - Japanese
- PIPS - Japanese
- PVQ II - Japanese
- SCS - Japanese
- SCS-SF - Japanese
- SSCS - Japanese
- TAAQ - Japanese
- TAS-20 - Japanese
- TAQ - Japanese
- VLQ - Japanese
- VQ - Japanese
- WAAQ - Japanese
- WBSI - Japanese
The ACBS Japan Chapter website has more accessment tools.
- TSSQ
- VOYAGE
- VCQ
Measures in Korean (조선말, 한국어)
Measures in Korean (조선말, 한국어)- AAQ-II - Korean
- AAQ- S - Korean
- AFQ-Y - Korean
- ASQ - Korean
- BEAQ - Korean
- BIPIS - Korean
- Brief COPE - Korean
- CAQ - Korean
- CFQ - Korean
- CPAQ - Korean
- CPVI - Korean
- DERS - Korean
- ELS - Korean
- FFMQ - Korean
- ISS - Korean
- KIMS - Korean
- MAAS - Korean
- MEAQ - Korean
- MEQ - Korean
- PAQ - Korean
- Psy-Flex - Korean
- SA-AAQ - Korean
- SCS - Korean
- TAS-20 - Korean
- VLQ - Korean
- VQ - Korean
Measures in Latvian (Latviešu)
Measures in Latvian (Latviešu) CommunityMeasures in Lithuanian (Lietuvių kalba)
Measures in Lithuanian (Lietuvių kalba) CommunityMeasures in Macedonian (македонски)
Measures in Macedonian (македонски) CommunityMeasures in Malay (Bahasa Melayu)
Measures in Malay (Bahasa Melayu) CommunityMeasures in Montenegrin (Crnogorski)
Measures in Montenegrin (Crnogorski) CommunityMeasures in Norwegian (Norsk)
Measures in Norwegian (Norsk)Measures in Persian/Farsi (فارسی)
Measures in Persian/Farsi (فارسی)- AADQ - Persian
- AAQ-II - Persian
- AAQ-OC - Persian
- AAQ-W - Persian
- AFQ-Y - Persian
- ATQ - Persian
- BAFT - Farsi
- BI-AAQ - Persian
- BIPIS - Persian
- Brief COPE - Persian
- CAMM - Persian
- CAQ-8 - Persian
- CFQ - Persian
- CFQ-CI - Persian
- CompACT - Persian
- CPAQ - Persian
- DAAS - Persian
- DERS - Persian
- FFMQ - Persian
- FMI - Persian
- KIMS - Persian
- MAAS-A - Persian
- MEAQ - Persian
- MEQ - Persian
- MPFI - Persian
- PHLMS - Persian
- PIPS - Persian
- PFEQ - Persian
- PFSS - Persian
- PPFI - Persian
- SA-AAQ - Persian
- SCS - Persian/Farsi
- SCS-SF - Persian
- SCS-Y - Persian
- TAS-20 - Persian/Farsi
- VLQ - Persian
- VQ - Persian
- WSSQ - Persian
Measures in Polish (Polski)
Measures in Polish (Polski)Measures in Portuguese (Português)
Measures in Portuguese (Português)- 6-PAQ - Portuguese
- AAQ-II - Portuguese
- AAQ-EX - Brazilian Portuguese
- AAQ-SA - Portuguese
- AAQ-TS - Portuguese
- AAQ-US - Portuguese
- AAQ-W - Brazilian Portguese
- AFQ-Y - Portuguese
- ATQ - Portuguese
- BI-AAQ - Brazilian Portuguese
- Brief COPE - Portuguese
- CAMM - Portuguese
- CAQ-8 - Portuguese
- CFQ - Portuguese
- CFQ-BI - Brazilian Portuguese
- CFQ-CI - Portuguese
- CISS - Portuguese
- COPE - Portuguese
- CPAQ - Portuguese
- CompACT - Portuguese
- DERS - Portuguese
- ELS - Portuguese
- EQ - Brazilian Portuguese
- FAAQ - Brazilian Portuguese
- FFMQ - Portuguese
- FMI - Brazilian Portuguese
- ISS - Portuguese
- MAAS - Portuguese
- MEQ - Brazilian Portuguese
- MPFI - Portuguese
- PAAQ - Portuguese
- PHLMS - Brazilian
- PIPS - Portuguese
- PIS-I - Portuguese
- Psy-Flex - Portuguese
- PsyFlex-A - Portuguese Version
- SA-AAQ - Portuguese
- SCS - Portuguese
- SCS-A - Portuguese
- SCS-SF - Portuguese
- SEQ - Portuguese
- TA-AAQ-A - Portuguese
- TAAQ - Portuguese
- TAS-20 - Portuguese
- VAAS - Portuguese
- VLQ - Portuguese
- VQ - Portuguese
- WAAQ - Portuguese
- WBSI - Portuguese
Measures in Romanian (Română)
Measures in Romanian (Română)Measures in Russian (Русский)
Measures in Russian (Русский) CommunityMeasures in Serbian (Српски)
Measures in Serbian (Српски) CommunityMeasures in Sinhala (සිංහල)
Measures in Sinhala (සිංහල) CommunityMeasures in Slovak (Slovenskej)
Measures in Slovak (Slovenskej) CommunityMeasures in Slovenian (Slovenščina)
Measures in Slovenian (Slovenščina)Measures in Somali (Af Soomaali)
Measures in Somali (Af Soomaali) CommunityMeasures in Spanish (Español)
Measures in Spanish (Español)- 6-PAQ - Spanish
- AAQ-II - Spanish
- AAQ-S - Spanish
- AAQ-SA - Spanish
- AAQ-US - Spanish
- AAQ-W - Spanish
- ACRS - Spanish
- ACT-FM - Spanish
- AFQ-Y - Spanish
- ATQ - Spanish
- BAFT - Spanish
- BEAQ - Spanish
- BI-AAQ - Spanish
- Brief COPE - Spanish
- Bull's Eye - Spanish
- CAMM - Spanish
- CAQ-8 - Spanish
- CFQ - Spanish
- CompACT - Spanish
- COPE - Spanish
- CPAQ - Spanish
- DERS - Spanish
- EACQ - Spanish
- EAS - Spanish
- ELS - Spanish
- EOSS - Spanish
- EQ - Spanish
- FAAQ - Spanish
- FFMQ - Spanish
- FMI - Spanish
- GPQ - Spanish
- KIMS - Spanish
- LSI - Spanish
- MAAS - Spanish
- MAAS-A - Spanish
- MPFI - Spanish
- PAAQ - Spanish
- PBAT - Spanish
- PHLMS - Spanish
- PIPS - Spanish
- Psy-Flex - Spanish
- PVQ-II - Spanish
- SCS - Spanish
- SCS-SF - Spanish
- SSCS - Spanish
- TAS-20 - Spanish
- VLQ - Spanish
- VQ - Spanish
- WAAQ - Spanish
- WAM-C/A - Spanish
- WBSI - Spanish
Miscellaneous Measures - Spanish
Miscellaneous Measures - Spanish CommunityBADS Spanish
BADS SpanishBarraca, J., Pérez-Álvarez, M., & Lozano, J.H. (2011). Avoidance and Activation as Keys to Depression: Adaptation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale in a Spanish Sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 14 (2). (http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2011.v14.n2.45).
Reasons for Living Inventory (Inventario de Razones para Vivir)
Reasons for Living Inventory (Inventario de Razones para Vivir)Traducido de Chiles, J. A., Strosahl, K. D., & Roberts, L. W. (2019). Clinical Manual for Assessment and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. 2nd Edition. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Suicide Risk Scale (Escala de Riesgo Suicida)
Suicide Risk Scale (Escala de Riesgo Suicida)Traducido de Chiles, J. A., Strosahl, K. D., & Roberts, L. W. (2019). Clinical Manual for Assessment and Treatment of Suicidal Patients. 2nd Edition. American Psychiatric Association Publishing.
Measures in Swedish (Svenska)
Measures in Swedish (Svenska)- 6-PAQ - Swedish
- AAQ-II - Swedish
- AAQ-W - Swedish
- ACT Advisor - Swedish
- AFQ-Y - Swedish
- ASQ - Swedish
- Bulls Eye - Swedish
- CAQ - Swedish
- CEAS - Swedish
- CFQ - Swedish
- CPAQ - Swedish
- CPVI - Swedish
- CompACT - Swedish
- DERS - Swedish
- FFMQ - Swedish
- HAQ - Swedish
- KIMS - Swedish
- MAAS - Swedish
- MPFI - Swedish
- PBAT - Swedish
- PFSS - Swedish
- PIPS - Swedish
- PPFQ - Swedish
- Psy-Flex - Swedish
- SCS - SF - Swedish
- TAS-20 - Swedish
- VAAS - Swedish
- VQ - Swedish
- WAAQ - Swedish
- WBSI - Swedish
Measures in Tamil (தமிழ்)
Measures in Tamil (தமிழ்) CommunityMeasures in Thai (ภาษาไทย)
Measures in Thai (ภาษาไทย) CommunityMeasures in Turkish (Türkiye)
Measures in Turkish (Türkiye)- AADQ - Turkish
- AAQ-II - Turkish
- AAQ-SA - Turkish
- AAQ-US - Turkish
- ASQ - Turkish
- ATQ - Turkish
- CAMM - Turkish
- CFQ - Turkish
- COPE - Turkish
- CPAQ - Turkish
- DDS - Turkish
- DERS - Turkish
- ELS - Turkish
- EQ - Turkish
- FFMQ - Turkish
- FMI - Turkish
- FoReST - Turkish
- MAAS - Turkish
- MAAS-A - Turkish
- MEAQ - Turkish
- MEQ - Turkish
- MEQ-C - Turkish
- MPFI - Turkish
- PHLMS - Turkish
- PPFI - Turkish
- Psy-Flex - Turkish
- SA-AAQ - Turkish
- SCS - Turkish
- SCS-Y - Turkish
- TAS-20 - Turkish
- TPFS - Turkish
- VAAS - Turkish
- VLQ - Turkish
- VQ - Turkish
- WBSI - Turkish
- WAAQ - Turkish
- WSSQ - Turkish
- Translations in Turkish: CPAQ-R, CPVI, PIPS, BI-AAQ, AAQ-TS
- More Transalations in Turkish: DAAS, AFQ-Y
Go to the ACBS Türkiye Chapter website for more measures
AAQW-R
AAQW-RBeing overweight, a severe public health problem, is associated with experiential avoidance. This study aims to examine the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for weight-revised (AAQW-R) in people with a BMI above 25. The sample consisted of 169 participants with a Body Mass Index (BMI) above 25. The participants who gave informed consent were asked to fill out a demographic form, AAQW-R (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-2), AAQ-2, Weight Self- Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ). Internal consistency and item-total correlation were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the factor structure. The temporal stability was assessed with the test-retest method. AAQW-R has significant correlations with BMI, AAQ-2, WSSQ, and GHQ. CFA demonstrates a three- factor structure (χ2=57.0, df=31; RMSEA=0.0714; RMSEA 90% CI lower bond=0.0411, RMSEA 90% CI upper bond=0.100, CFI=0.968; TLI=0.954). AAQW-R and subscales of AAQW-R have significant correlations with AAQ-2, AAQW-R, BMI, WSSQ, and GHQ (p<0.05). Correlation analysis stated temporal stability for all items in Spearman correlation analyses (p<0.05). According to the results of this study, AAQW-R is a reliable and valid scale that can measure experiential avoidance in the context of psychological flexibility among overweight and obese people.
Measures in Ukrainian (українська)
Measures in Ukrainian (українська) CommunityMeasures in Urdu (اردو)
Measures in Urdu (اردو)Measures in Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt)
Measures in Vietnamese (Tiếng Việt) CommunityReviews of Measures
Reviews of Measures CommunityMeasuring ACT in context: Challenges and future directions (2023)
Measuring ACT in context: Challenges and future directions (2023)Ong, C,.W., Sheehan, K.G., Haaga, D.A.F. (2023) Measuring ACT in context: Challenges and future directions. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.04.005
Measures Reviewed: CompACT, CFQ, PPFI, Psy-Flex, IRAP, ELS, Values Wheel, VLQ, MPFI, EPIC, OESQ, TOF, GPQ, PBAT, ACT-FM, AAQ-II and AAQ variants
Abstract: Measurement in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) should prioritize theoretically relevant outcomes (well-being, values-consistent action) and hypothesized processes of change (psychological flexibility and its components). Development and refinement of ACT measures have proceeded rapidly and with some success. This review describes empirical research on such issues as measurement invariance in diverse samples and identifies challenges associated with measurement of key ACT constructs such as psychological (in)flexibility and values. Important priorities for future research include continued evaluation of discriminant validity of psychological inflexibility measures from general distress as well as more frequent incorporation of multiple assessment modalities including non-self-report methods. Recommendations for ACT measurement in clinical practice include anchoring assessment in values and personalizing assessment to the client.
The Relationship Between Psychological Inflexibility and Well-Being in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2023)
The Relationship Between Psychological Inflexibility and Well-Being in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (2023)Ong, C.W., Barthel, A.L., & Hofmann, S.G. (2023). The Relationship Between Psychological Inflexibility and Well-Being in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2023.05.007
Measures Reviewed: AAQ and its variants
Abstract
Psychological inflexibility is defined as the rigid responding to stimuli (e.g., unpleasant thoughts and feelings) that interferes with well-being and valued actions. It is the treatment target in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Despite the centrality of the link between inflexibility and well-being to ACT theory, an empirical review clarifying the nature of this relationship has not been conducted. As such, the current meta-analysis examined the meta-correlation between psychological inflexibility, measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) and its variants, and well-being. A systematic review yielded 151 studies, including 25 versions of the AAQ and 43 well-being measures. Consistent with ACT theory, higher psychological inflexibility was associated with worse well-being (r = −.47, 95% CI[−.49, −.45]). In addition, sample diagnosis, type of AAQ, and type of well-being measure significantly moderated this relationship. Overall, our findings support the hypothesized link between psychological inflexibility and worse well-being. Limitations include reliance on cross-sectional data, precluding causal interpretation.
Discussion
The present meta-analysis examined the relationship between psychological inflexibility, measured by the AAQ and its variants, and well-being, variously defined as quality of life, life satisfaction/flourishing, and valued action. Based on 262 correlation coefficients reported from 151 studies across over 35 countries and 22 languages, the overall correlation between psychological inflexibility and well-being was −.47, 95% CI[−.49, −.45]...
A psychometric validation of contextual cognitive behavioral therapy-informed measures with racially and ethnically diverse adults (2022)
A psychometric validation of contextual cognitive behavioral therapy-informed measures with racially and ethnically diverse adults (2022)Spencer, S.D., Jo, D., Hamagami, F., Antonio, M.C.K., Qinaʻau, J., Masuda, A., & Hishinuma, E.S. (2022). A psychometric validation of contextual cognitive behavioral therapy-informed measures with racially and ethnically diverse adults. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 61-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.004
Measures Reviewed: FFMQ, ELS, and AAQ-II
Abstract
The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), Engaged Living Scale (ELS), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) are three commonly used contextual cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-informed self-report questionnaires. The present study aimed to psychometrically validate these three scales with racially and ethnically diverse adults in Hawaiʻi (N = 1102). Using a cross-validation strategy with an iterative process of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, findings revealed that factor structures of the FFMQ, ELS, and AAQ-II were theoretically consistent with extant literature. However, we also found slight factorial structure differences in the present sample, which may have practical implications when assessing these constructs within racially and ethnically diverse adults. Evidence of reliability, convergent validity, and measurement invariance of these scales are also provided. Implications and limitations of these findings are discussed.
Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ (2022)
Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ (2022)Aller T.B., Barrett, T., Levin, M.E., Brunson McClain, M. (2022). Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001
Measures Reviewed: AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ
Abstract:
Autistic adults, adults who have an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis, are more likely than their non-autistic peers to experience mental health concerns. A growing body of literature supports interventions that target psychological flexibility as a useful approach for reducing mental health concerns in autistic adults. Despite this, psychometric evidence on measuring psychological flexibility within this population is scant. Accordingly, we determined the validity and reliability of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ), and Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) in measuring psychological flexibility in a sample of 461 autistic adults. Each of the measures demonstrated consistent factor structures and internal consistency as was proposed in the original measurement development articles. Convergent, discriminant, and explanatory validity of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ aligned with a priori hypotheses. The AAQ-II, BEAQ and VQ obstruction subscale demonstrated redundancy in one another suggesting the benefits of selecting a single measure of psychological flexibilty for research. The VQ Progress subscale demonstrated more explanatory validity for key mental health outcomes compared to the other measures. Overall, the VQ scale might be the most useful of the three measures in measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults in clinical settings, but each included scale appeared reliable and valid for this population.
Defining and measuring “psychological flexibility”: A narrative scoping review of diverse flexibility and rigidity constructs and perspectives (2021)
Defining and measuring “psychological flexibility”: A narrative scoping review of diverse flexibility and rigidity constructs and perspectives (2021)Cherry, K.M., Vander Hoeven, E., Patterson, T.S., & Lumley, M.N. (2021). Defining and measuring “psychological flexibility”: A narrative scoping review of diverse flexibility and rigidity constructs and perspectives. Clinical Psychology Review, 84, 101973. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735821000167
12 measures were reviewed including the AAQ-II and PPFI.
Abstract:
Psychological flexibility (PF) is a popular construct in clinical psychology. However, similar constructs have existed since the mid-20th century, resulting in different terms, definitions and measures of flexibility, hindering the advancement of the field. The main measure of PF – the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II; Bond et al., 2011) – has also been heavily criticized. To move towards definitional consensus and improved measurement, we surveyed the literature to map PF and related-terms, examine definitional overlaps, and assessthe psychometric quality of prominent flexibility measures. A scoping review was conducted in two databases (PsycNET and SCOPUS). Twenty-three flexibility constructs appeared across 220 articles, and twelve measures were included and rated for quality. PF, psychological inflexibility (PI), and cognitive flexibility (CF) were most prominent. Definitional similarities among prominent flexibility constructs emerged, namely handling distress or interference, taking action, and meeting goals or values. The Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI; Kashdan, Disabato, Goodman, Doorley, & McKnight, 2020) appears to be the best measure available to assess PF. Problems with the current use of the AAQ-II were apparent, hindering current knowledge of PF. Definitional consensus and measurement development are vital to advance the field. To this end, recommendations and next steps for researchers and practitioners are outlined.
A multicultural examination of experiential avoidance: AAQ – II measurement comparisons across Asian American, Black, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and White college students (2020)
A multicultural examination of experiential avoidance: AAQ – II measurement comparisons across Asian American, Black, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and White college students (2020)Borgogna, N.C., McDermott, R.C., Berry, A., Lathan, E.C., & Gonzales, J. (2020). A multicultural examination of experiential avoidance: AAQ – II measurement comparisons across Asian American, Black, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and White college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.011
Measures reviewed: AAQ – II
Abstract
Experiential avoidance is a common psychological process, a core component of third-wave behavioral therapies, and a robust predictor of general psychopathology. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ version II [AAQ – II]; Bond et al. 2011) is a popular and widely used measure of experiential avoidance. However, studies examining the measurement and function of the AAQ-II across cultures are largely relegated to translational investigations across different languages, thus providing little information about measurement equivalence among English speaking populations from different racial/ethnic backgrounds. The present study examined data from the 2016–2017 National Healthy Minds Study (HMS; N = 24,439) and tested the measurement invariance of the AAQ – II across White, Black, Latinx, Asian American, and Middle Eastern college students. We then examined how racial/ethnic group moderated experiential avoidance as a concurrent predictor of anxiety and depression. Multigroup structural equation modeling indicated support for configural but not metric measurement invariance across all groups. The effect size of the non-invariance was small in magnitude. The AAQ – II functioned as a strong positive correlate of anxiety and depression measures across racial/ethnic groups. Moderation analyses further indicated that the AAQ-II was a significantly stronger predictor of anxiety and depression for White participants (β′s = .717, .738 respectively) compared to Asian American participants (β′s = 0.671, 0.665 respectively) and was a significantly stronger predictor of anxiety for White participants compared to Latinx respondents (β = 0.662). Implications for research, theory, and clinical practice are discussed, with specific recommendations for culturally informed adaptations to the AAQ – II.
A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance (2020)
A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance (2020)A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance
Ong, C.W., Pierce, B.G., Petersen, J.M., Barney, J.L., Fruge, J.E., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.P. (2020). A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.007
Measures Reviewed: AAQ-II, AAQ-3 (revised AAQ-II), BEAQ, and CompACT
Abstract:
Psychological inflexibility is a rigid behavioral pattern that interferes with engagement in personally meaningful activities; it is the hypothesized root of suffering in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Thus, the quality of its measurement affects the research, theory, and practice of ACT. The current study aimed to evaluate the discriminant validity and item performance of four measures of psychological inflexibility: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire—II (AAQ-II), a revised version of the AAQ-II (AAQ-3), the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ), and the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT). We analyzed data from community (n = 253), student (n = 261), and treatment-seeking samples (n = 140) using exploratory factor analysis and multigroup graded-response models. The CompACT had the strongest discriminant validity followed by the AAQ-3, whereas items in the CompACT Behavioral Awareness and Valued Action subscales performed most consistently across groups. No single measure emerged as clearly superior to others; rather, appropriate selection of measures depends on the goals and context of assessment. Scientific and clinical implications are discussed.
JCBS Special Issue on ACT Process Measurement (2019)
JCBS Special Issue on ACT Process Measurement (2019)In the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science Volume 12, Maria Karekla and Nuno Ferreira guest edited the Special Issue on ACT Process Measurement. ACBS members can read the Special Issue on ACT Process Measurement in the JCBS portal.
The JCBS Special Issue on ACT Process Measurement contains 16 articles:
- A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility
- A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research
- Assessing psychological flexibility: Validation of the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire
- Assessing psychological inflexibility in hoarding: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Hoarding (AAQH)
- Assessing psychological inflexibility in university students: Development and validation of the acceptance and action questionnaire for university students (AAQ-US)
- Assessing the valuing process in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Experts' review of the current status and recommendations for future measure development
- Development and initial validation of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire
- Further validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents in a broader paediatric context
- Network analysis: A new psychometric approach to examine the underlying ACT model components
- Preliminary psychometric properties of the Everyday Psychological Inflexibility Checklist
- Preliminary validation and reliability assessment of a 10-item Tacting of Function Scale
- Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review
- Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire – Youth in Colombia
- Scaling-up assessment from a contextual behavioral science perspective: Potential uses of technology for analysis of unstructured text data
- The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) as a measure of experiential avoidance: Concerns over discriminant validity
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The initial validation of a state version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire
A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility (2019)
A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility (2019)Ong, C. W., Lee, E.B., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.T. (2019). A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 329-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.007
Measures Reviewed: AAQ-II and AAQ-II variants, 6-PAQ, BIPIS, CPAQ, PPF
Abstract:
Psychological flexibility refers to a way of interacting with internal experiences and the external environment that advances one toward chosen values whereas psychological inflexibility reflects rigid adherence to ineffective responses such that valued living is compromised. Psychological flexibility is a critical variable of interest in acceptance and commitment therapy, thus, accurate assessment of this construct is pertinent to professionals in the field. Numerous measures of psychological flexibility for specific conditions exist and the psychometric validation of each of these measures varies in breadth and depth. To orient professionals to the scope of available measures as well as their psychometric properties, the current review summarizes the existing literature on context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. Most measures demonstrated satisfactory basic psychometric properties, though their clinical utility (e.g., treatment sensitivity) has largely been underexplored. Generally, context-specific measures performed better than a generic measure of psychological flexibility with respect to incremental validity and treatment sensitivity. Still, further research is needed to validate these measures (e.g., discriminant validity) in order to justify their use across settings and study designs.
A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research (2019)
A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research (2019)Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Measures Reviewed: BEVS, CPVI, ELS, VLS, VLQ, VQ
Absract:
Values are a guiding principle in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and a vital element of both ACT research and clinical assessment. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the current evidence for the utility and efficacy of quantitative survey measures that assess values within an ACT study framework. Online databases were searched using key words to identify research articles administering values-based assessments. A thorough database search yielded 65 separate articles that met inclusion criteria, and eight validated scales measuring values. Value-scale psychometric studies that met inclusion criteria were assessed for content validity, internal consistency, and construct validity. Results provide information to guide future researchers regarding the most psychometrically sound and appropriate measures that assess values across multiple criteria. While the measures vary significantly in psychometric properties, the Valuing Questionnaire, the Engaged Living Scale (either short or long form), and the Valued Living Scale appear to have the strongest methodological support. Important future directions include further psychometric studies across all measures to assess their utility in more diverse contexts (e.g., randomized controlled trials, time-lagged, and other controlled studies of ACT treatment) and populations (e.g., age, health, race, ethnicity, nationality, etc.) with consideration of a measure's definition of values within an ACT context.
Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019)
Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review (2019)McAndrews, Z., Richardson, J., & Stopa, L. (2019) Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 261-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.006
Measures Reviewed: AAQ, AAQ-II, FFMQ, FFMQ-15, PHLMS, KIMS, DERS, S-DERS, ASQ
Abstract:
Acceptance is an important construct across models for understanding psychological distress. Several measures have been designed to capture this, however, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most suitable tool. The objective of this review was to systematically evaluate measurement properties of tools designed to measure self-reported acceptance. A systematic review of the literature on psychometric properties of acceptance measures was performed. Articles were selected if the primary aim was to develop or evaluate measurement properties (validity, reliability, responsiveness) of a self-report acceptance scale (or subscale). The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The quality of measurement properties were evaluated using criteria suggested by Terwee et al. (2007). All studies were independently reviewed by two raters, and inter-rater reliability was assessed. The search strategy identified 3097 unique articles. Twenty articles, reporting 32 studies, met inclusion criteria. Nine instruments were identified; two unidimensional scales of acceptance, four mindfulness tools with an acceptance subscale, and three emotion regulation scales with an acceptance-based subscale. None of the instruments were assessed across all domains of psychometric properties. No studies investigated measurement error or cross-cultural validity. Internal consistency was the most widely assessed property, and was generally acceptable across all scales. Lack of target population involvement resulted in poor content validity for most scales. Inter-rater reliability of study selection and evaluation was excellent. There are important conceptual differences across current acceptance measures, which might result from differences in theoretical models on which these are based. None of the measures evaluated can be recommended as having superior psychometric properties. Important limitations in content validity need to be addressed, with greater involvement of target populations. Further research is required to demonstrate the psychometric properties of existing measures, given their significant role in evaluating acceptance-based interventions across clinical and research settings.
It's all about the process: Examining the convergent validity, conceptual coverage, unique predictive validity, and clinical utility of ACT process measures (2019)
It's all about the process: Examining the convergent validity, conceptual coverage, unique predictive validity, and clinical utility of ACT process measures (2019)Rogge, R.D., Daks, J.S., Dubler, B.A., & Saint, K.J. (2019) It's all about the process: Examining the convergent validity, conceptual coverage, unique predictive validity, and clinical utility of ACT process measures. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.10.001
Measures Reviewed: AAQ-II, CompACT, MPFI, OESQ.
Abstract
The Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) literature now offers a range of process measures, including: the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire (OESQ), the Comprehensive Assessment of ACT Processes (CompACT), and the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The current study sought to directly compare and contrast the information provided by those scales: (1) in a sample of 2,385 online respondents (67% female, 85% Caucasian, M = 33yo) and (2) in a case study of a client receiving ACT for a depressive disorder. Quantitative results revealed that all of the flexibility scales were strongly linked to wellbeing whereas the inflexibility scales were strongly linked to psychological distress. The results further highlighted that newer multidimensional scales (the 3-dimension CompACT, the 12-dimension MPFI) offered greater insights into current functioning, often doubling the amount of variance explained by the AAQ-II alone. Both the quantitative analyses and the clinical case study demonstrate the more nuanced and clinically meaningful patterns that emerge when multiple dimensions of flexibility and inflexibility are tracked. In particular, the results suggested the MPFI (and the online MindFlex Assessment System that makes the MPFI easy to administer and interpret) offers researchers and clinicians the most conceptually comprehensive scale to assess the dimensions of the Hexaflex model. Implications for clinical research and practice are discussed.
A Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (2019)
A Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (2019)Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
Measures Reviewed: VQ, ELS, VLQ, MPFI, AAQ-OC, BEVS
Abstract:
The ACT model consists of acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, self-as-context, values, and committed action, which together create psychological flexibility. Limited research has examined the unique contribution of values-focused work in acceptance-based therapies. To investigate this in a reliable and valid way, it is critical to ensure that the instruments used to measure values are empirically sound. This review aims to identify value-based psychometric tools currently in use, and examine their ability to reliably and validly measure the ACT-defined concept of values. The current study searched PsycINFO, Medline, and PubMed databases for psychometric validation papers of values-measurement instruments. Seventeen values-measures were evaluated by extracting data relating to their content, structural, construct, convergent, and discriminant validity, as well as internal consistency and test–retest reliability. The COSMIN manual for systematic reviews of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) was utilized as a guideline for assessing bias and examining the quality of psychometric tools identified. Outcomes suggest that the Valuing Questionnaire (Smout, Davies, Burns, & Christie, 2014), Engaged Living Scale (Trompetter et al., 2013), Valued Living Questionnaire (Wilson, Sandoz, Kitchens, & Roberts, 2010), Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (Rolffs, Rogge, & Wilson, 2018), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions (Jacoby, Abramowitz, Buchholz, Reuman, & Blakey, 2018), and Bulls-Eye Values Survey (Lundgren, Luoma, Dahl, Strosahl, & Melin, 2012) have the best psychometric properties. A number of alternative values-based instruments demonstrate preliminary evidence for their utility, though further examination of these is necessary. This review also highlights a number of issues pertaining to the cohesiveness and psychometric comprehensiveness of current values-measurement research, with recommendations for improvement.
Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility (2018)
Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility (2018)Renshaw, T.L. (2018). Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.12.001
Measures Reviewed: AAQ-II, AFQ-Y8, and AFQ-Y17
Abstract:
The present study probed the relative structural and concurrent validity of responses to three self-report measures of psychological inflexibility with a large sample of college students (N = 797): the revised version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), the shorter version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8), and the longer version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y17). Structural validity findings showed that responses to the AAQ-II and AFQ-Y8 indicated good data–model fit and latent construct reliability, whereas the data–model fit for responses to the AFQ-Y17 was poor, despite strong latent construct reliability. Concurrent validity findings demonstrated that scores derived from all three measures of psychological inflexibility had comparable correlations with several concurrent indicators of negative mental health (i.e., depression, anxiety, global negative affect), positive mental health (i.e., happiness, hope, global positive affect), and theoretically-similar therapeutic processes (i.e., mindfulness skills). Yet findings from hierarchical regressions evidenced some incremental validity when scores from the AAQ-II, AFQ-Y8, and AFQ-Y17 were taken together to predict concurrent mental health outcomes—suggesting potential differential construct representation among these three measures. Limitations of the present study and future directions for research and practice are discussed.
Measuring Mindfulness in Youth: Review of Current Assessments, Challenges, and Future Directions (2017)
Measuring Mindfulness in Youth: Review of Current Assessments, Challenges, and Future Directions (2017)Goodman, M.S., Madni, L.A. & Semple, R.J. Measuring Mindfulness in Youth: Review of Current Assessments, Challenges, and Future Directions. Mindfulness, 8, 1409–1420 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0719-9
7 measures were reviewed including CAMM and MAAS-A
Abstract
Interest in mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) for youth continues to grow across academic, clinical, educational, and community settings. Conclusions regarding the effects of mindfulness training with youth are tempered by methodological issues. One common limitation is the availability of reliable and valid ways to measure mindfulness. This review identifies existing youth mindfulness measures, discusses key challenges to measurement, and offers suggestions for improving assessment research. A search of electronic databases, consultation with colleagues, and data from professional meetings yielded seven self-report measures: (a) Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM); (b) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A); (c) Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Children (MAAS-C); (d) Comprehensive Inventory of Mindfulness Experiences-Adolescents (CHIME-A); (e) Mindful Thinking and Action Scale for Adolescents (MTASA); (f) Mindfulness Scale for Pre-Teens, Teens, and Adults (MSPTA); and (g) Mindfulness Inventory for Children and Adolescents (MICA). All seven assess trait mindfulness through self-report. We discuss methodological concerns regarding the near-exclusive use of self-report measures to assess youth mindfulness and offer suggestions for validating new measures and improving research studies that incorporate the assessment of mindfulness in youth.
A Review of ACT-measures (2015)
A Review of ACT-measures (2015)In October 2015 our systematic review on available ACT-measures (+ 50!) was published in the Dutch Journal of Psychiatry (“New generation behaviour therapy; new generation assessment measures; a review of currently available assessment measures”). Of course, we would like to share our findings with the international CBS-community as well; so we decided to post a brief excerpt of the relevant finding here on the ACBS-website, hoping this could be of use to this community (see attachment below for the full-overview).
Warm regards,
Tim Batink
T. BATINK, G. JANSEN, F.P.M.L. PEETERS
BACKGROUND
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a relatively new form of behaviour therapy, which has Relational Frame Theory (RFT) as its theoretical foundation. Since ACT is not aimed primarily at reducing psychopathological symptoms, changes are likely to be needed in the nature and purpose of the assessment measures used.
AIM
To provide an up-to-date overview of ACT-measures that are suitable for use with adults and that will assist clinicians and researchers.
METHOD
We performed a systematic review of the literature.
RESULTS
More than 50 ACT-related questionnaires were identified; which will be listed per ACT-component (supplemented with reference).
CONCLUSION
Clinicians and researchers with an interest in ACT have many measures at their disposal. Most of these are available free of charge.
SHORT EXCERPT
In October 2015, a systematic review on available ACT-measures was published in the Dutch Journal of Psychiatry. The current document serves as a brief excerpt of the relevant findings for the international community. We began this review with searches in ACT oriented sources: the website of the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science (ACBS; http://contextualscience.org), the mailing list of the ACBS and Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (JCBS). As search terms 'questionnaire', 'scale' and 'test' were used. Subsequently, we applied this same approach in the PubMed with 'acceptance' and 'commitment' as additional search terms. This resulted in 58 questionnaires (February 2015). Below, we will give an overview of these questionnaires, classified per ACT-component and specific problem areas / disorders. Additionally, a list with the full-names of the questionnaires with a core-reference will be provided, completed with a full reference list. Please use to reference below, when citing this overview.
Original source: Batink, T., Jansen, G., & Peeters, F. (2015). Nieuwe generatie gedragstherapie, nieuwe generatie meetinstrumenten; een overzicht van beschikbare ACT-meetinstrumenten [New generation behaviour therapy; new generation assessment measures; a review of currently available assessment measures]. Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie, 57, 739-748.
Author correspondence: Tim Batink (tim.batink@maastrichtuniversity.nl)
ACT Measures Packet (2006)
ACT Measures Packet (2006)Compiled by Joseph Ciarrochi & Linda Bilich.
Ciarrochi, J., & Bilich, L. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Measures Package: Process measures of potential relevance to ACT. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wollongong, Australia.
(attached below)
Table of Contents:
Forward .................................................................................................... ......................... 3
Avoidance / Acceptance .................................................................................................... 4
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-2) ......................................................... 5
White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) ....................................................................... 8
Emotion Control Questionnaire (ECQ2) .......................................................................... 15
State Social Anxiety and State Emotion-Regulation Questionnaires ............................... 19
Repressive Defensive Coping ........................................................................................... 22
Miller Behavioral Style Scale (MBSS)............................................................................. 28
Experiential Avoidance Scale ........................................................................................... 31
Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) ..................................................... 35
Fusion / Dysfunctional thinking..................................................................................... 38
Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) ...................................................................... 39
Personal Need for Structure (PNS) ................................................................................... 42
Belief in Personal Control Scale (BPCS) ......................................................................... 44
Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) ................................................................................ 48
Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) .......................................................................... 51
Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) ................................................................................ 53
Adult Dispositional Hope Scale........................................................................................ 55
Adult State Hope Scale .................................................................................................... . 57
Domain Specific Hope Scale (DSHS) .............................................................................. 59
Sociotropy – Autonomy Scale (SAS) ............................................................................... 64
Mindfulness / Awareness of feelings ................................................................................ 70
Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS) ......................................................... 71
The Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS).................................................... 74
Value clarification / Goal striving / Action orientation ............................................... 77
Personal Strivings Assessment ......................................................................................... 78
Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ) ................................................................................ 95
The BULLs-eye Instrument about valued life Primary Care Version (BULLI-PC) ........ 98
The Bulls-eye Instrument about valued life.................................................................... 103
Action Control Scale (ACS-90) ...................................................................................... 109
Pleasant Events Schedule............................................................................................ .... 114
ACT measures for specific populations ...................................................................... 126
Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents (DAAS) ............ 127
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y) ............................................ 131
Child Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) ................................................. 133
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire – Revised (CPAQ-R) ..................................... 136
Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI) .......................................................................... 138
Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) ............................................................ 141
Trauma Specific AAQ (AAQ-TS) .................................................................................. 143
ACT weekly Diary .................................................................................................... ...... 147
Child and Adolescent Measures
Child and Adolescent MeasuresThis page contains a working list of child and adolescent specific measures related to ACT processes.
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y)
Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y)The AFQ was derived from an initial pool of 50 items developed to measure psychological acceptance, conceptualized as an active and multidimensional process involving high or low levels of: willingness to experience private events, values-oriented action, experiential avoidance, and cognitive and emotional fusion. Results of exploratory factor analysis on these initial 50 items supported a three-factor solution. Factor one consisted of 25 items, all negatively worded. Conceptually, this factor seems to tap into experiential avoidance and fusion and is now the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y).
We have used the AFQ with children and adolescents 9-17 years old. Based on results from school studies in middle Tennessee, children report good comprehension of items. The AFQ seems to be a stronger predictor of negative outcomes such as physical and emotional symptoms.
The AFQ-Y is on ruthbaer.com.
Citations:
Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment, 20(2), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.20.2.93
Livheim, F., Tengström, A., Bond, F.W., Andersson, G., Dahl, J. & Rosendahl, I. (2016). Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth: A psychological measure of psychological inflexibility in youth. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.04.001
Renshaw, T.L. (2018). Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.12.001
AFQ-Y - Czech
AFQ-Y - CzechSuchardová, S. (2023). Krátká intervence ACT jako preventivní program ke zvýšení kognitivní flexibility u žáků středních škol. Thesis: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci. Retrieved from https://theses.cz/id/yz2xvg/Suchardova__DP.pdf The AFQ-Y Czech version is in the appendix.
AFQ-Y - Dutch Version
AFQ-Y - Dutch VersionKrimmel, K.L. (2015) Het meten van psychologische flexibiliteit: een pilot onderzoek naar de psychometrische eigenschappen van de avoidance and fusion questionnaire bij volwassen patiënten die een bariatrische ingreep ondergaan. Thesis, Universiteit of Twente. The Dutch AFQ-Y is at the end of the article.
Blokzijl, R. (2005). Measuring Acceptance-Related Constructs Among Youngsters: Evaluation of the Dutch Willingness and Action Measure for Children and Adolescents (WAM-C/A) and the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Thesis, University of Leiden.
Click here for het Nederlandse taalgebied vertaling gemaakt van de AFQ-Y.
AFQ-Y - Greek Validation
AFQ-Y - Greek ValidationChristodoulou, A., Michaelides, M. P., & Karekla, M. (2018). Greek Version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth: Psychometric Evaluation and Gender Multigroup Invariance in Adolescents. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 36(8), 844–849. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734282917713500
Abstract
The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth–Eight-Item Short Version (AFQ-Y8) assesses psychological inflexibility in youth. The present study is the first to examine alternative measurement models for the Greek adaptation of the AFQ-Y8, latent associations with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II (AAQ-II), gender-group invariance, and latent mean comparisons between males and females. In total, 432 students from seven high schools in Cyprus participated in the study. Both a unidimensional and a two-dimensional model had excellent fit, although the one-factor solution was substantively superior. The correlation of the latent AFQ-Y8 factor with AAQ-II was strong and positive, indicating good convergent validity. Finally, the unidimensional AFQ-Y8 model was found to be invariant for gender and no latent means difference was detected between males and females.
AFQ-Y - Italian
AFQ-Y - ItalianAvoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth
Greco, L.A., Murrell, A.R., & Coyne, L.W. (2005). The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Available from the first author and online at www.contextualscience.org.
Greco, L.A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R.A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment, 20(2), 93-102.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Francesconi, C., Violini, P., Cioci, M., Ristè, N. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., Lijoi, E., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Panzera, A. (2014). Validation study of the Italian Version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Schweiger, M., Ristallo, A., Oppo, A., Pergolizzi, F., Presti, G., & Moderato, P. (2017). Ragazzi in lotta con emozioni e pensieri: la validazione della versione italiana dell’ Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (I-AFQ-Y) [Youths struggling with emotions and thoughts: validation of the Italian version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (I-AFQ-Y)]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 23(2), 141–162.
Compare, L., Martucci, C., Bernini, O., Cincidda, C. & Berrocal, C. (2021) Proprietà psicometriche dell'Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y) in soggetti di 6-11 anni [Psychometric properties of Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y) in children aged between 6-11]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 27(1), 45-63. https://doi.org/doi:10.14605/PCC2712103
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
AFQ-Y - Japanese
AFQ-Y - JapaneseAvoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y) is a measure of the psychological inflexibility of adolescents from childhood to adolescence.
There are 17 items AFQ-Y and 8 items shortened version AFQ-Y8. AFQ-Y has a one-factor structure.
Ishizu, K., Shimoda, Y., & Ohtsuki, T. (2014) Developing the scale regarding psychological inflexibility in Japanese early adolescence.
Poster presented at 30th Annual Pacific Rim International Conference on Disability and Diversity, Honolulu
The AFQ-Y Japanese Version is on the ACBS Japan Chapter website.
AFQ-Y - Persian Adaptation
AFQ-Y - Persian AdaptationShabani, M., Mohsenabadi, H., Zanjani, Z., Assarian, F. (2019). Evaluation of psychometric properties of Persian version of Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ – Y). Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, 21(5), 325-333. http://doi.org/10.22038/jfmh.2019.14804
Hekmati, I. et al (2020) Persian adaptation of avoidance and fusion questionnaire for youth (AFQ-Y): A preliminary examination of its psychometric properties. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, 46-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.05.004
AFQ-Y - Portuguese
AFQ-Y - PortugueseCunha, M. & Santos, A.M. (2011) Avaliação da Inflexibilidade Psicológica em Adolescentes: Estudo das qualidades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y). Laboratório de Psicologia, 9(2), 133-146. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/235397938.pdf
Cunha, M., Oliveira, S., Coimbra, M. et al. (2023). Assessing Psychological Inflexibility in Adolescents: A Validation Study of the Portuguese Short Version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Child Youth Care Forum, 52, 123–138. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-022-09679-9
AFQ-Y - Spanish Validation
AFQ-Y - Spanish ValidationSe presenta la versión española validada del Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y).
El texto completo de la validación se puede encontrar en:
Valdivia-Salas, S., Martín-Albo, Zaldívar, P.J.L., Lombas, S., & Jiménez, T.I. (2017). Spanish validation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Assessment, 24(7), 919-931. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116632338
Salaza, D.M. et al (2019) Psychometric properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire – Youth in Colombia. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.11.008
García-Rubio, C., Lecuona, O., Blanco Donoso, L. M., Cantero-García, M., Paniagua, D., & Rodríguez-Carvajal, R. (2020). Spanish validation of the short-form of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire (AFQ-Y8) with children and adolescents. Psychological Assessment, 32(4), e15–e27. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000801
AFQ-Y - Swedish
AFQ-Y - SwedishDetta test mäter det psykologiska konstruktet ”psykologisk inflexibilitet”, eller dess motsats ”psykologisk flexibilitet” om man vänder på numreringen. Testet är framtaget för ungdomar 12-18 år. Men har även visat sig fungera bra för vuxna. Både AFQ-Y8 samt den längre versionen, AFQ-Y17 finns validerade för svenska förhållanden. I denna artikel finns testets psykometriska egenskaper beskrivna. En konklusion i denna artikel är att AFQ-Y8 är att föredra. I denna artikel summeras även all forskning internationell forskning som är gjord och vetenskapligt publicerad på AFQ-Y till och med januari 2016. Både forskning på unga och vuxna. Du hittar AFQ-Y8 här och AFQ-Y17 här.
Referenser:
[1] Livheim, F., Tengström, A., Bond, F. W., Gerhard Andersson, G., Dahl, J. & Rosendahl, I. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth: A Psychological Measure of Psychological Inflexibility in youth. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(2), 103-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.04.001
Se länk till artikeln här.
[2] Thorsell Cederberg, J., Weineland, S., Dahl, J., Ljungman,G. (2018) A preliminary validation of the Swedish short version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y8) for children and adolescents with cancer. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 103-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.09.004
AFQ-Y8 - Chinese
AFQ-Y8 - ChineseChen Yanhong, Zhao Ying, Duan Yanmei, Bai Xiaoyu, Wang Shujuan, & Zhu Zhuohong. (2019). 青少年回避与融合问卷简版的信效度分析 [Reliability and validity analysis of the short version of the adolescent avoidance and fusion questionnaire]. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 27(6), 1192-1195, 1114.
AFQ-Y8 - Korean Validation
AFQ-Y8 - Korean ValidationSeong-Hye Choi (아주대학교), Eun-Jung Kim(아주대학교) (2016) Psychological Inflexibility in Korean Children and Adolescents : Validation of the Korean Version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth-Eight Item Type (K-AFQ-Y8). Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 35(3), 600 - 614.
Choi Seong-Hye, Kim Eun-Jeong (2015) Assessing Psychological Inflexibility in Childhood and Adolescence : Validation of the Korean Version of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth(K-AFQ-Y). Congnitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 15(3), 595 - 617.
AFQ-Y8- Turkish Version
AFQ-Y8- Turkish VersionBüyüköksüz, E., & Erözkan, A. (2019). Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire –Youth 8 (AFQ-Y8): Factor Structure and Reliability Studies in Turkish Culture. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research. 8(Supplement 1): 3-7.
Büyüköksüz, E., & Erözkan, A. (2019). Kaçınma ve Birleşme Ölçeği-Gençler 8 (KBÖ-G8): Türk Kültüründe Faktör Yapısı ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Journal of Cognitive Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research. 8(Supplement 1): 3-7.
Revised Avoidance & Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y; Greco, Murrell, & Coyne, 2005)
Revised Avoidance & Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y; Greco, Murrell, & Coyne, 2005)The Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth (AFQ-Y; Greco, Murrell, & Coyne, 2005) is a 17-item measure that asks respondents to rate how true each item is for them (0 = Not at All True; 4 = Very True). Items are tied to ACT’s model of human suffering and were generated to represent a theoretically cohesive conceptualization of psychological inflexibility fostered by: (1) Cognitive fusion (e.g., “My thoughts and feelings mess up my life,” “The bad things I think about myself must be true”); (2) Experiential avoidance (e.g., “I push away thoughts and feelings that I don’t like”); and (3) Inaction or behavioral ineffectiveness in the presence of unwanted internal experiences (e.g., “I can’t be a good friend when I feel upset”).
Consistent with the theory underlying acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), items converged into a 17-item scale (AFQ-Y) and an 8-item short form (AFQ-Y8). Results of classical test theory, factor analysis, and item response theory support the psychometric properties of the 17-item version of the AFQ-Y and AFQ-Y8. Overall, research suggests that the AFQ-Y may be a useful and child-friendly measure of core ACT processes.
Reference
Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment, 20(2), 93-102.
Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire - Youth (AADQ-YR)
Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire - Youth (AADQ-YR)Berlin, KS, Keenan, ME, Cook, JL, et al. Measuring psychological flexibility in youth with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes. 2020; 21: 1566– 1574. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13110
AADQ-YR - Persian
AADQ-YR - PersianRajaeiramsheh, F., Rezaie, Z., Davoudi, M. et al. (2021) Psychometric properties of the Persian versions of acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (AADQ) and the diabetes acceptance and action scale (DAAS), in Iranian youth with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord, 20, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00796-1 The Persian version of the AADQ-YR is in the Supplementary Information.
Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)
Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM)The Children's Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure is a 10-item measure of acceptance and mindfulness for youth. https://ruthbaer.com/academics/CAMM.pdf
Greco, L., Baer, R. A., & Smith, G. T. (2011). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure (CAMM). Psychological Assessment, 23, 606-614.
Goodman, M.S., Madni, L.A. & Semple, R.J. (2017). Measuring Mindfulness in Youth: Review of Current Assessments, Challenges, and Future Directions. Mindfulness, 8, 1409–1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0719-9
Prenoveau, J.M,, Papadakis, A.A., Schmitz, J.C.S., et al. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in racial minority adolescents from low-income environments. Psychological Assessment, 30(10), 1395-1400. DOI: 10.1037/pas0000630
CAMM - Catalan Validation
CAMM - Catalan ValidationViñas, F., Malo, S., González, M., Navarro, D., & Casas, F. (2015). Assessing Mindfulness on a Sample of Catalan-Speaking Spanish Adolescents: Validation of the Catalan Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure. The Spanish journal of psychology, 18, E46. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.48
CAMM - Chinese
CAMM - ChineseChen, X., Liang, K., Huang, L., Mu, W., Dong, W., Chen, S., Chen, S., & Chi, X. (2022).The Psychometric Properties and Cutoff Score of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in Chinese Primary School Students. Children, 9(4), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/children9040499
CAMM - Czech
CAMM - CzechSuchardová, S. (2023). Krátká intervence ACT jako preventivní program ke zvýšení kognitivní flexibility u žáků středních škol. Thesis: Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci. Retrieved from https://theses.cz/id/yz2xvg/Suchardova__DP.pdf The CAMM Czech version is in the appendix.
CAMM - Dutch Validity
CAMM - Dutch Validityde Bruin, E.I., Zijlstra, B.J.H. & Bögels, S.M. (2014). The Meaning of Mindfulness in Children and Adolescents: Further Validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) in Two Independent Samples from The Netherlands. Mindfulness 5, 422–430. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0196-8
CAMM - French Validation
CAMM - French ValidationRoux, B., Franckx, A.-C. Lahaye, M., Deplus, S. & Philippot, P. (2019). A French validation of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée. 69(3), 83-89. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2019.06.001
Dion, J., Paquette, L., Daigneault, I., Godbout, N., & Hébert, M. (2018). Validation of the French Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) Among Samples of French and Indigenous Youth. Mindfulness, 9(2), 645–653. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0807-x
Letellier, S. (2018) Validation du «Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure» (CAMM) et du «Acceptance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth» (AFQ-Y) auprès d’enfants québécois de 8 à 12 ans. Université de Sherbrooke, Dissertation. Retrieved from https://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/13577
The French CAMM is in Appendix D.
CAMM - Greek
CAMM - GreekTheofanous, A., Ioannou, M., Zacharia, M., Georgiou, S. N., & Karekla, M. (2020). Gender, Age, and Time Invariance of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) and Psychometric Properties in Three Greek-Speaking Youth Samples. Mindfulness, 110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01350-5
CAMM - Italian
CAMM - ItalianChildren's Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure
Greco, L. A., Smith, G., & Baer, R. A. (2009). Assessing mindfulness in children and adolescents: Development and validation of the Chidlren’s Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Unpublished manuscript. St. Louis: University of Missouri.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N.,(2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Panzera, A. (2014). Development and validation study of the Italian Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM . Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Ristallo, A., Schweiger, M., Oppo, A. Pergolizzi, F. Presti, G. & Moderato, P. (2016). Misurare la mindfulness in età evolutiva: proprietà psicometriche e struttura fattoriale della versione italiana della Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (I-CAMM). Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 22. DOI: 10.1037/t61201-000.
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MINDFULNESS MEASURE: ITALIAN VALIDATION (I-CAMM)
CHILD AND ADOLESCENT MINDFULNESS MEASURE: ITALIAN VALIDATION (I-CAMM)Attached you can find the Italian version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (I- CAMM). The instrument was validated on a sample of 1336 students (age range 11-18), from different part of Italy.
The psychometric properties, factor structure, normative data and scoring are discussed in our paper “Misurare la mindfulness in età evolutiva: proprietà psicometriche e struttura fattoriale della versione italiana della Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (I-CAMM)” by Arianna Ristallo, Marta Schweiger, Annalisa Oppo, Francesca Pergolizzi, Giovambattista Presti e Paolo Moderato (Psicoterapia Cognitivo Comportamentale, in press). Below you can find the abstract:
The aim of this study is to analyze psychometric properties and factorial structure of the Italian version of the CAMM. Twelve schools were involved in the study and 1336 participants, aged between 11 and 18, were enrolled in two studies. The I-CAMM shows a two factors solution with a higher-order factor named “Mindfulness Skills”. The two factors detected are named “Awareness” and “Willingness”, respectively. The two factors solution is identified both with Exploratory Factor Analysis- performed on 657 participants recruited during the study 1 - and through the Confirmatory Factor Analysis - performed on 679 participants recruited during the study 2 – showing good indices of goodness of fit. The psychometric properties of the I-CAMM indicate good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79 for the factor “ Mindfulness Skills”) and a good convergent validity with the scale of the internalizing problems of the YSR (r = -0,515) and with experiential avoidance and fusion measured with AFQ (r = -0,703). The mean scores of the I- CAMM are distributed differently between males and females; males reported significantly higher scores of “ Mindfulness Skills” than females. I-CAMM is a valid and reliable measure that can be easily used both in research and in clinical practice.
For further information please do not hesitate to contact us:
arianna.ristallo@gmail.com
martaschweiger26@gmail.com
CAMM - Persian Validity
CAMM - Persian ValidityMohsenabadi, H. and Shabani, M.J. and Assarian, F. & Zanjani, Z. (2020). Psychometric properties of the child and adolescent mindfulness measure: A psychological measure of mindfulness in youth. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14 (1). http://eprints.iums.ac.ir/23950/
CAMM - Portuguese Validation
CAMM - Portuguese ValidationCunha, M., Galhardo, A., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM): Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 26, 459-468. http://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000300005
CAMM - Spanish
CAMM - SpanishGuerra, J., García-Gómez, M., Turanzas, J., Cordón, J.R., Suárez-Jurado, C., & Mestre, J.M. (2019). A Brief Spanish Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). A Dispositional Mindfulness Measure. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081355 The CAMM Spanish Translation is in Appendix A.
García-Rubio, C., Rodríguez-Carvajal, R., Langer, A. I., Paniagua, D., Steinebach, P., Andreu, C. I., Vara, M. D., & Cebolla, A. (2019). Validation of the Spanish Version of the Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) with Samples of Spanish and Chilean Children and Adolescents. Mindfulness, 10(8), 1502–1517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-019-01108-8
Gustin-García, M. G., & Alegre-Bravo, A. A. (2021). Validación de Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure en escolares de Lima, Perú. Revista Evaluar, 21(2), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v21.n2.34398
CAMM - Turkish
CAMM - TurkishZeynep Aydin Sünbül (2018). Psychometric Evaluation of Child and Adolescent Mindfulness Measure (CAMM) with Turkish Sample. International Journal of Education and Psychological Research (IJEPR), 7(2), 56-59.
The CAMM Turkish translation is here.
Children's Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ)
Children's Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ)References:
Lenoir, C., Hinman, J.M., Yi, Z. et al. (2022). Further Examination of the Children’s Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ): Convergent Validity and Age Appropriateness. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 6, 224–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-022-00259-5
Bachmann, K., Hinman, J.M., Yi, Z. et al. (2021). Evaluating the Convergent and Divergent Validity of the Children’s Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (CPFQ) among Children with Autism. Advances in Neurodevelopmental Disorders, 5, 298–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41252-021-00206-w
Dixon, M. R., & Paliliunas, D. (2018). Children’s psychological flexibility questionnaire. In Accept. Identify. Move. A Behavior Analytic Curriculum for Social-Emotional Development in Children (pp. 263-268). Carbondale, IL: Shawnee Scientific Press.
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents (CPAQ-A)
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents (CPAQ-A)Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents (CPAQ-A)
- Shannon Connolly, Nuno Ferreira, Leona McGarrigle, & Leyla DeAmicis (2019). Further validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire for Adolescents in a broader paediatric context. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 314-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.12.005
- Wallace, D. P., Harbeck-Weber, C., Whiteside, S. P., & Harrison, T. E. (2011). Adolescent acceptance of pain: confirmatory factor analysis and further validation of the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire, adolescent version. The journal of pain, 12(5), 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2010.11.004
- McCracken, L.M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J. & Eccleston, C. (2010). Acceptance of pain in adolescents with chronic pain: Validation of an adapted assessment instrument and preliminary correlation analyses. European Journal of Pain, 14, 316-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.05.002
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, Parent Report (CPAQ-P)
- Simons, L. E., Sieberg, C. B., & Kaczynski, K. J. (2011). Measuring parent beliefs about child acceptance of pain: a preliminary validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire, parent report. Pain, 152(10), 2294–2300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.018
Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents (DAAS)
Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents (DAAS)The Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale for Children and Adolescents is a 42-item measure that is being used to indicate levels of psychological flexibility in youth with Type 1 diabetes. (Authors: L. A. Greco & Hart 2005)
Scoring: To score the DAAS, first reverse score negatively worded items (see below), then sum all items. Higher scores on the DAAS should reflect higher levels of diabetes-related acceptance and action.
Reverse score key: 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42.
The authors are still in the process of collecting data. Preliminary data obtained thus far reveals statistically significant correlations: Diabetes-related quality of life = .36 (higher acceptance correlates with higher Quality of Life) Diabetes-related worry = -.41 Social anxiety = -.36 Adherence to medical regimen = .30"
Information quoted from Ciarrochi, J. & Bilich, L. (2006). Process measures of potential relevance to ACT. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wollongong, Australia.
References:
Berlin, KS, Keenan, ME, Cook, JL, et al. (2020). Measuring psychological flexibility in youth with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes, 21, 1566–1574. https://doi.org/10.1111/pedi.13110
DAAS - Persian
DAAS - PersianRajaeiramsheh, F., Rezaie, Z., Davoudi, M. et al. (2021) Psychometric properties of the Persian versions of acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (AADQ) and the diabetes acceptance and action scale (DAAS), in Iranian youth with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord, 20, 655–663. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00796-1 The DAAS Persian Translation is in the article's Supplementary Information.
Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent (MAAS-A)
Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent (MAAS-A)Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an Adapted Mindful Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment, 23(4), 1023–1033. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021338
Goodman, M.S., Madni, L.A. & Semple, R.J. (2017). Measuring Mindfulness in Youth: Review of Current Assessments, Challenges, and Future Directions. Mindfulness, 8, 1409–1420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0719-9
MAAS-A - Chinese
MAAS-A - ChineseBlack, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J. (2012). Psychometric Assessment of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Among Chinese Adolescents. Assessment, 19(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111415365
MAAS-A - Dutch
MAAS-A - Dutchde Bruin, E.I., Zijlstra, B.J.H., van de Weijer-Bergsma, E. et al. (2011) The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A): Psychometric Properties in a Dutch Sample. Mindfulness, 2, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0061-6
MAAS-A - Italian
MAAS-A - ItalianMindfulness Attention Awareness Scale - Adolescent (Day to Day Experiences)
Brown, K. W., West, A. M., Loverich, T. M., & Biegel, G. M. (2011). Assessing adolescent mindfulness: Validation of an adapted Mindfulness
Attention Awareness Scale in adolescent normative and psychiatric populations. Psychological Assessment, 23, 1023–1033.
Referenza bibliografica: Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Panzera., A., Ristè, N., Carloni, V., Romitelli M. (2015). Validation study of the Italian version of the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A). Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 13 Poster Session – Berlin, German- July 14-19, 2015.
Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
MAAS-A - Norwegian
MAAS-A - NorwegianSmith, O. R. F., Melkevik, O., Samdal, O., Larsen, T. M., & Haug, E. (2017). Psychometric properties of the five-item version of the Mindful Awareness Attention Scale (MAAS) in Norwegian adolescents. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 45(4), 373–380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1403494817699321
MAAS-A - Persian
MAAS-A - PersianMohsenabadi, H. and Shabani, M.J. and Zanjani, Z. (2019) Factor structure and reliability of the mindfulness attention awareness scale for adolescents and the relationship between mindfulness and anxiety in adolescents. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 13 (1).
MAAS-A - Spanish
MAAS-A - SpanishCalvete, E., Sampedro, A., Orue, I. (2014) PROPIEDADES PSICOMÉTRICAS DE LA VERSIÓN ESPAÑOLA DE LA “ESCALA DE ATENCIÓN Y CONCIENCIA PLENA PARA ADOLESCENTES” (MINDFUL ATTENTION AWARENESS SCALE for ADOLESCENTS) (MAAS-A). Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual, 22(2), 277-291
MAAS-A - Turkish
MAAS-A - TurkishTuran, M . (2020). Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği Ergen Formu’nun Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, Eğitim ve Toplum Özel sayısı, Cilt 16, 5608 - 5625. http://doi.org/10.26466/opus.683364
Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ)
Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ)McCracken, L.M. & Gauntlett-Gilbert, J. (2011) Role of psychological flexibility in parents of adolescents with chronic pain: Development of a measure and preliminary correlation analyses. Pain, 152, 780–785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2010.12.001
Timmers, I, Simons, LE, Hernandez, JM, McCracken, LM, Wallace, DP. (2019) Parent psychological flexibility in the context of pediatric pain: Brief assessment and associations with parent behaviour and child functioning. Eur J Pain, 23, 1340– 1350. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1403 The PPFQ-10 is attached to the article as supporting information.
PPFQ - Chinese
PPFQ - ChineseLI, Z., YANG, L., ZHU, L., & ZHU, Z. (2018) A preliminary study of validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 32(2), 166-173. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-6729.2018.02.014
PPFQ - Swedish
PPFQ - SwedishWiwe Lipsker, C., Kanstrup, M., Holmström, L., Kemani, M., & Wicksell, R. K. (2016). The Parent Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPFQ): Item Reduction and Validation in a Clinical Sample of Swedish Parents of Children with Chronic Pain. Children (Basel, Switzerland), 3(4), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/children3040032
Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ)
Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ)Greene, R. L., Field, C. E., Fargo, J. D., & Twohig, M. P. (2015). Development and validation of the parental acceptance questionnaire (6-PAQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4(3), 170-175.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ), an instrument measuring the six primary processes theorized to contribute to psychological flexibility among parents. Items were collaboratively developed by a team of experts. Parents (N=181) were recruited from a public elementary school and administered a pilot version of the 6-PAQ, which was refined using psychometric modeling procedures. The final version of the instrument yielded an overall internal consistency reliability coefficient of 0.84 with an average of 0.73 across the six psychological flexibility processes subscales. Results of a confirmatory factor analysis using items from the final version of the 6-PAQ suggested the measurement structure possessed an exceptional overall fit to the data: CFI=0.97, TLI=0.96, RMSEA=0.06 (90% confidence interval=0.05–0.08), and WRMR=0.86. Collectively, these results provide preliminary support for the 6-PAQ as a reliable and valid measure to assess parental psychological flexibility. Empirical and clinical implications of results as well as limitations and future directions are discussed.
Scoring:
The final version of the 6-PAQ is presented in a usable form in the appendix. The measure is completed by one parent or guardian with reference to one child. Scoring involves reversing items 1, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, and 18, and then summing all items for the total score. Lower scores represent greater parental psychological flexibility whereas higher scores represent greater psychological inflexibility. The subscales are scored as follow: acceptance=items 3, 12, 14; defusion=6, 11, 16; being present=1, 8, 17; self as context=4, 9, 13; values=5, 10, 18; and committed action=2, 7, 15. Clinical norms and cutoffs are not yet available.
The 6-PAQ can be downloaded from the Utah State University ACT Research Group.
6-PAQ - Japanese
6-PAQ - JapaneseTatsuto Yamada & Yasushi Fujii (2020). Reliability and Validity of the Japanese-Version Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ). Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 42(4), 258-267. http://doi.org/10.1080/07317107.2020.1809198
6-PAQ - Portuguese Version
6-PAQ - Portuguese VersionFonseca, A., Canavarro, M.C. & Moreira, H. (2020). Is parental psychological flexibility a (uni) dimensional construct? A bifactor analysis of the Portuguese version of the parental acceptance questionnaire (6-PAQ). Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00991-y The 6-PAQ translation is in the article's supplementary material.
6-PAQ - Spanish Validation
6-PAQ - Spanish ValidationParental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ) Spanish Validation: Juan M. Flujas-Contreras, Azucena García-Palacios, Inmaculada Gómez (2020) Spanish validation of the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire (6-PAQ). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 20 (2), 163-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2020.03.002
6-PAQ - Swedish
6-PAQ - SwedishStrandberg, S. (2022). Föräldraskap och psykologisk flexibilitet: En studie om prediktorer för utbrändhet, lidande och subjektiv livskvalitet hos föräldrar med och utan barn med kroniska tillstånd. Thesis. Karlstads Universitet. The Swedish transaltion of the 6-PAQ is in the appendix.
PAQ - Korean Adaptation
PAQ - Korean AdaptationSeung-Min Kim(서울여자대학교), Kyung Park(서울여자대학교) (2017) Korean Adaptation of the Parental Acceptance Questionnaire(K-4-PAQ). THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY, Vol.22 No.3, pages 531 - 549.
Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ)
Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ)The Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (PAAQ) is a specific AAQ measure designed to assess experiential avoidance in the context of parenting.
References
Cheron, D.M., Ehrenreich, J.T. & Pincus, D.B. (2009). Assessment of parental experiential avoidance in a clinical sample of children with anxiety disorders. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 40, 383-403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-009-0135-z
Holmberg Bergman, T., Sandred, A., Lindstrom, T., Lappalainen, P., Ghaderi, A., & Hirvikoski, T. (2024). A psychometric evaluation of the parental acceptance and action questionnaire (PAAQ) in parents of children with and without disabilities. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100757
PAAQ - Japanese
PAAQ - JapaneseReferences:
Yuki, M. & Hiroshi, S. (2018). Development of the Japanese Version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: A Preliminary Study. 人文論究, 67(4), 45-56. https://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/120006401913/en/
Mizusaki, Y. & Sato, H. (2018). Preliminary study on the preparation of the Japanese version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Humanit Res of KGU, 67, 45–56.
OKAJIMA, J. & Okajima, I. (2023). Developing and validating the Japanese version of the Parental Acceptance and Action Questionnaire among parents with infants and toddlers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(9), 5674. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20095674
PAAQ - Portuguese
PAAQ - Portuguese Navega, A.C. & Cunha, M. (2018) Questionário de Aceitação e Ação para Pais: desenvolvimento da versão portuguesa, estudo da estrutura fatorial e propriedades psicométricas. ISMT, Dissertaion. The Portuguese PAAQ is in the Appendix.
PAAQ - Spanish
PAAQ - SpanishCorina Shumi WONG CHEN (2018) Estilos parentales y evitación experiencial en padres de niños con trastorno por déficit de atención con o sin hiperactividad. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Thesis. The Spanish PAAQ is in the Anexo.
PsyFlex-A
PsyFlex-ASoares, R., Cunha, M., Massano-Cardoso, I., & Galhardo, A. (2023). Assessing psychological flexibility in adolescents: Validation of PsyFlex-A . Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, 9(1), 1–18. DOI: 10.31211/rpics.2023.9.1.284
PsyFlex-A - Portuguese Version
PsyFlex-A - Portuguese VersionSoares, R., Cunha, M., Massano-Cardoso, I., & Galhardo, A. (2023). Assessing psychological flexibility in adolescents: Validation of PsyFlex-A . Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, 9(1), 1–18. DOI: 10.31211/rpics.2023.9.1.284
Emotion Regulation Measures
Emotion Regulation Measures CommunityAffective Style Questionnaire (ASQ)
Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ)ASQ: Hofmann, S.G. & Kashdan, T.B. (2010) The affective style questionnaire: Development and psychometric properties. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32 (2), 255-263. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-009-9142-4 The Affective Style Questionnaire is in the Appendix.
ASQ for Youth (ASQ-y): Graser, J., Heimlich, C., Kelava, A., Hofmann, S.G., Stangier, U. & Schreiber, S. (2019). Erfassung der Emotionsregulation bei Jugendlichen anhand des Affective Style Questionnaire – Youth (ASQ-Y). Diagnostica, 65, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000210 The ASQ-Y Translation is in the article's supplemental material.
ASQ - Chinese Version
ASQ - Chinese VersionWang, J., Xu, W., Fu, Z., Yu, W., He, L., Sun, L., He, J., & Hofmann, S. G. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Affective Style Questionnaire and its role as a moderator of the relationship between stress and negative affect. Journal of Health Psychology, 24(5), 613–622. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316679722
ASQ - Dutch Translation
ASQ - Dutch TranslationErreygers, S., & Spooren, P. (2017). Factor Structure of the Affective Style Questionnaire in Flemish Adolescents. Psychologica Belgica, 57(2), 112–122. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.369 The ASQ Dutch translation is in the Appendix.
ASQ - French Version
ASQ - French VersionMakowski, D., Sperduti, M., Lavallée, S. et al. (2020) Adaptation and Validation of a Short French Version of the Affective Style Questionnaire. J Cogn Ther,13, 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-019-00060-8
ASQ - German
ASQ - GermanGraser, J., Bohn, C., Kelava, A., Schreiber, F., Hofmann, S.G, and Stangier, U. (2012). Der „Affective Style Questionnaire (ASQ)”: Deutsche Adaption und Validitäten. Diagnostica, 58(2), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000056
ASQ - Japanese
ASQ - JapaneseIto, M. & Hofmann, S.G. (2014) Culture and affect: the factor structure of the affective style questionnaire and its relation with depression and anxiety among Japanese. BMC Res Notes, 7, 590. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-7-590
ASQ - Korean
ASQ - Korean하정민, 조용래 (2015) Reliability and Validity of an Korean Version of the Affective Style Questionnaire. Korean Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 15(2), 401 - 431.
ASQ - Swedish
ASQ - SwedishCecilia Tunberger (2011) Översättning och validering av Affective Style Questionnaire och samband med depression och ångest. Retrieved from https://lup.lub.lu.se/luur/download?func=downloadFile&recordOId=2026867&fileOId=2026868
The Swedish ASQ is at the end of the document.
ASQ - Turkish
ASQ - TurkishÖz Soysal, F. & Bakalım, O. (2021). Duygu Stilleri Anketi’nin Beliren Yetişkinlik Dönemindeki Bireylerde Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Yükseköğretim ve Bilim Dergisi, 11(1) , 49-55 . Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/higheredusci/issue/62177/909406
ASQ-Y - German Version
ASQ-Y - German VersionGraser, J., Heimlich, C., Kelava, A., Hofmann, S.G., Stangier, U. & Schreiber, S. (2019). Erfassung der Emotionsregulation bei Jugendlichen anhand des Affective Style Questionnaire – Youth (ASQ-Y). Diagnostica, 65, 49-59. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924/a000210 The ASQ-Y Translation is in the article's supplemental material.
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)
Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS)Gratz, K. L., & Roemer, L. (2004). Multidimensional assessment of emotion regulation and dysregulation: Development, factor structure, and initial validation of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 26(1), 41-54. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:JOBA.0000007455.08539.94
Kaufman, E. A., Xia, M., Fosco, G., Yaptangco, M., Skidmore, C. R., & Crowell, S. (2016). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form (DERS-SF): validation and replication in adolescent and adult samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 38(443). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-015-9529-3 The English and Spanish versions of the DERS-SF can be found on miami.edu.
Skutch, J. M., Wang, S. B., Buqo, T., et al. (2019). Which Brief Is Best? Clarifying the Use of Three Brief Versions of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 41, 485–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-019-09736-z
DERS - Chinese
DERS - ChineseLi, J., Han, Z. R., Gao, M. M., Sun, X., & Ahemaitijiang, N. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Factor structure, reliability, and validity. Psychological Assessment, 30(5), e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000582
Zhao, Y., Wu, K., Wang, Y. et al. (2021) Construct validity of brief difficulties in emotion regulation scale and its revised version: evidence for a general factor. Curr Psychol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02056-0
DERS - Czech
DERS - CzechBenda, J. (2017) The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Short Form: a pilot study of the Czech version. E-psychologie, Electronic Journal of CMPS, 11(1). Retrieved from https://www.e-psycholog.eu/article/279
The Czech translation of the DERS-SF items is in table 3.
DERS - Finnish
DERS - FinnishWesterlund, M. & Santtila, P. (2018) A Finnish adaptation of the emotion regulation questionnaire (ERQ) and the difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS-16). Nordic Psychology, 70(4), 304-323. http://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2018.1443279
Sami J. Eloranta, Riittakerttu Kaltiala, Nina Lindberg, Matti Kaivosoja & Kirsi Peltonen (2020) Validating measurement tools for mentalization, emotion regulation difficulties and identity diffusion among Finnish adolescents. Nordic Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2020.1863852
DERS - French
DERS - FrenchGuylaine Côté, Patrick Gosselin, Isabel Dagenais (2013) Évaluation multidimensionnelle de la régulation des émotions : propriétés psychométriques d’une version francophone du Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale [Psychometric properties of a French version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale]. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 23(2), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcc.2013.01.005
Dan-Glauser, E. S., & Scherer, K. R. (2013). The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Factor structure and consistency of a French translation. Swiss Journal of Psychology, 72(1), 5–11. https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000093
DERS - German
DERS - GermanRaphael Gutzweiler and Tina In-Albon (2018) Überprüfung der Gütekriterien der deutschen Version der Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in einer klinischen und einer Schülerstichprobe Jugendlicher. Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 47(4), 274-286. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000506
Ehring, T., Svaldi, J., Tuschen-Caffier, B., & Berking, M. (2013) Validierung der Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale–deutsche Version. Manuskript. Universität Münster.
DERS - Greek
DERS - GreekKoushiou, M., & Karekla, M. (2016). Eating disorder risk: The role of sensitivity to negative affect and body-image inflexibility (Doctoral dissertation, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus). Retrieved from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39530
The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) Greek Translation is in Appendix B.
Mitsopoulou, E., Kafetsios, K., Karademas, E. et al. (2013) The Greek Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Testing the Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity in an Adult Community Sample. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 35, 123–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-012-9321-6
DERS - Gujarati
DERS - GujaratiSnow, N., Ward, R., Becker, S. & Raval, V. (2013). Measurement Invariance of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in India and the United States. Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 3(1), 147-157. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jedp.v3n1p147
DERS - Hebrew
DERS - HebrewReferences:
Segal, A. & Golan, M. (2016). Differences in emotion regulation along the eating disorder spectrum: Cross sectional study in adolescents out patient care. Journal of Psychology & Clinical Psychiatry, 6(1), 00314. DOI: 10.15406/jpcpy.2016.06.00314
Reuveni, I., Dan, R., Segman, R. et al. (2016). Emotional regulation difficulties and premenstrual symptoms among Israeli students. Archives of Women's Mental Health, 19, 1063–1070. Doi: 10.1007/s00737-016-0656-y
DERS - Hindi
DERS - HindiBhatnagar Prachi, Shukla Meenakshi, & Pandey Rakesh (2020) Validating the Factor Structure of the Hindi Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 42(2), 377-396. http://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-020-09796-6
DERS - Italian
DERS - ItalianGiromini, L., Velotti, P., de Campora, G., Bonalume, L. & Cesare Zavattini, G. (2012). Cultural Adaptation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale: Reliability and Validity of an Italian Version. J. Clin. Psychol., 68, 989-1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21876
Sighinolfi, C., Norcini Pala, A., Chiri, L. R., Marchetti, I., & Sica, C. (2010). Difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS): the italian translation and adaptation. PSICOTERAPIA COGNITIVA COMPORTAMENTALE, 16(2), 141–170. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-1148235
DERS - Japanese
DERS - JapaneseKeiji TAKATA, Yoshitake TAKEBAYASHI, Keisuke TANAKA, Ayame TAMURA, Yoshinori SUGIURA (2013) The convergent validity of Japanese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Volume 77, The 77th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Session ID 2EV-038, Pages 2EV-038. https://doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.77.0_2EV-038
DERS - Korean
DERS - KoreanCho, Y., & Hong, S. (2013). The new factor structure of the Korean Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (K-DERS) incorporating method factor. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 46(3), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0748175613484033
조용래 (2007) 정서조절곤란의 평가 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성 [Assessing Emotion Dysregulation: Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale.] Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 26(4), 1015 - 1038.
DERS - Lithuanian
DERS - LithuanianŠeibokaitė, L., Endriulaitienė, A., Sullman, M. J., Markšaitytė, R., & Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė, K. (2017). Difficulties in emotion regulation and risky driving among Lithuanian drivers. Traffic Injury Prevention, 18, 688-693. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 15389588.2017.1315109
DERS - Norwegian
DERS - NorwegianEndre Visted, Lin Sørensen, Berge Osnes, Julie L. Svendsen, Per-Einar Binder, & Elisabeth Schanche (2017) The Association between Self-Reported Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Heart Rate Variability: The Salient Role of Not Accepting Negative Emotions. Front Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00328
DERS - Persian
DERS - PersianShahabi, M., Hasani, J., & Bjureberg, J. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Brief Persian Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (The DERS-16). Assessment for Effective Intervention, 45(2), 135–143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534508418800210
kermani mamazandi, Z., Tale Pasand, S. (2018). Psychometric Characteristics of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale in Semnan University Students. Journal of Instruction and Evaluation, 11(42), 117-142.
Mazaheri M. (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale) DERS-6 & DERS-5- Revised (in an Iranian Clinical Sample. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 10(2), 115–122.
DERS - Portuguese
DERS - PortugueseCancian, A.C.M. et al. (2019) Psychometric properties of the Brazilian version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 41(01), 18-26. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0128
Miguel, F.K., Giromini, L., Colombarolli, M.S., Zuanazzi, A.C., & Zennaro, A. (2017). A Brazilian Investigation of the 36- and 16-Item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scales. J. Clin. Psychol., 73, 1146-1159. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22404
Coutinhom, J. et al. (2010) Versão portuguesa da escala de dificuldades de regulação emocional e sua relação com sintomas psicopatológicos. Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo), 37 (4). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0101-60832010000400001
DERS - Romanian
DERS - RomanianBostan, M.C. & Zaharia, D.V. (2016). Emotional dysregulation – factor structure and consistency in the Romanian version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Analele Ştiinţifice ale Universităţii, Alexandru Ioan Cuza, din Iaşi. Psihologie, 2, 57-77.
DERS - Spanish
DERS - SpanishHervas, G., & Jodar, R. (2008). Adaptacion al castellano de la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulacion Emocional. Clınica y Salud, 19, 139156.
Isabel Gómez-Simón, Eva Penelo & Nuria de la Osa (2014) Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) in Spanish adolescents. Psicothema, 26(3), 401-408. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.324 The Spanish translation is in Table 2.
Reivan-Ortiz, G. G., Rodas, P. E. O., & Reivan Ortiz, P. N. (2020). A Brief Version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS): Validity Evidence in Ecuadorian Population. International Journal of Psychological Research, 13(2), 14–24. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.4325
Navarro, O., Restrepo-Ochoa, D., Rommel, D., Ghalaret, J-M., & Fleury-Bahi, G. (2021). Validation of a brief version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale with a Spanish speaking population (DERS-S SF). Revista CES Psicología, 14(2), 71-88. https://doi.org/10.21615/cesp.5360
The Spanish translation of the Difficulties Emotion Regulation Scale-Short Form (DERS-SF) can be found at miami.edu.
DERS - Swedish
DERS - SwedishOlsson, S. (2010). Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale -ett instrument för att undersöka svårigheter med känsloreglering vid Borderline personlighetsstörning. Thesis: Stockholms Universitet/University of Stockholm. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?dswid=7400&pid=diva2%3A325427
The DERS Swedish Version is in the Appendix.
DERS - Turkish
DERS - TurkishYiğit, İ. &Guzey Yiğit, M. (2019). Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-Brief Form (DERS-16). Current Psychology, 38, 1503–1511. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9712-7
Rugancı, R.N. & Gençöz, T. (2010). Psychometric properties of a Turkish version of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 66, 442-455. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20665
DERS - Urdu
DERS - UrduZafar, H., Debowska, A., & Boduszek, D. (2021). Emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology among Pakistani adolescents. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 26(1), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104520969765
State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)
State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS)Lavender, J.M, Tull, M.T., DiLillo, D., Messman-Moore, T., & Gratz, K.L. (2017). Development and validation of a state-based measure of emotion dysregulation: The State Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (S-DERS). Assessment, 24 (2), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191115601218
Emotion Efficacy Scale
Emotion Efficacy Scale adminFusion Measures
Fusion MeasuresCognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ)
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ)CFQ Update 12th September 2022
The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire is a brief self report measure of cognitive fusion. It is now in print at Behavior Therapy and can be cited as follows:
Gillanders, D. T., Bolderston, H., Bond, F. W., Dempster, M., Flaxman, P. E., Campbell, L., Kerr, S., Tansey, L., Noel, P., Ferenbach, C., Masley, S., Roach, L., Lloyd, J., May, L., Clarke, S., Remington, R. (2014) The development and initial validation of The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy, 45, 83-101, DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001
We have been working on the development of this measure since 2007 and the process of scale construction and psychometric properties are described in the attached manuscript. The CFQ is free to use for clinical and research purposes, permission is not needed. A number of people have made translations of the CFQ into other languages and we ask them to make sub pages to this page, sharing the measure and any psychometric properties. If you wish to translate the CFQ into a non English language, please do contact David Gillanders, to ensure a translation has not already been made. To our knowledge there are currently translations in Dutch, French, Spanish, German, Portuguese (European and Braziliian), Japanese, Hebrew, Farsi, Greek, Turkish, Catalan, Polish, Italian, Chinese, Korean, Romanian, Swedish, and Arabic.
The final manuscript can be accessed here: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001
We hope this measure is useful to the development of ACT and contextual science across diverse fields, please do use it.
David Gillanders, University of Edinburgh, Helen Bolderston, Southampton University & Frank Bond, University of London, Goldsmiths
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Arabic Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Arabic TranslationThis Arabic translation of the CFQ has been conducted by Dr Hanan Alsofyani of King Khalid University, files attached are written in arabic. To contact Dr Alsofyani email him at doctorhanan2030@gmail.com
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Catalan Translation adolescents sample
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Catalan Translation adolescents sampleALGOS, a research on pain team, has translated CFQ into Catalan and validated it for adolescent population (11-20 years old). A paper with a description of the psychometric properties in a sample of adolescents has been published.
Solé, E., Racine, M., Castarlenas, E., Vega, R. de la, Tomé-Pires, C., Jensen, M., & Miró, J. (2015). The psychometric properties of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in adolescents. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000244
If you need further information, you can contact algos.dolor@urv.cat or Ester Solé (ester.sole@urv.cat).
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Chinese Validity
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Chinese ValidityZHANG Wei-Chen, JI Yang, LI Xin, GUO Hui-Na, ZHU Zhuo-Hong (2014) Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 2014, Issue 1, 40-44. Retrieved from China/Asia On Demand
Conclusion: CFQ-F中文版具有较好的信效度,可在我国用于认知融合相关研究. Conclusion: The Chinese version of CFQ-F has good reliability and validity and can be used for cognitive fusion related research in China.
王小龙, 曹静, 安静, 丁万兵, 索玉兰, 苏华, 李燕, 祝卓宏, 汤永隆 (2015). 中文接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-II)与认知融合问卷(CFQ)在回族和哈萨克族青少年中的信效度检验. 心理学进展, 5(11), 695-701. [Wang Xiaolong, Cao Jing, Jing Jing, Ding Wanbing, Suo Yulan, Su Hua, Li Yan, Zhu Zhuohong, Tang Yonglong (2015). Chinese Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Second Edition (AAQ-II) and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ ) in Hui and Kazak adolescents. Advances in Psychology, 5(11) , 695-701.] http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2015.511090
赵雯倩,李小妹,王雯,李璐璐,张蒙悦. (2020). 中文版认知融合问卷在乳腺癌人群中的信效度研究 [Reliability and validity of Chinese version of cognitive fusion questionnaire in breast cancer patients]. Contemporary Nurse, 27(06):25-26.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Dutch Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Dutch TranslationDutch translation CFQ13 (September 2011)
The CFQ13 (developed by David Gillanders, Helen Bolderston & Frank Bond), has been translated into Dutch by Tim Batink and Hubert de Mey and is being researched for its psychometric properties. The preliminary results of those studies are promising; the internal validity looks good as well as the correlations with corresponding questionnaires. We are planning to report more elaborate about our results, begin 2012.
The Dutch version of the CFQ13, with some basic information about the psychometric properties and two non-clinical samples is downloadable for ACBS-members.
Tim Batink, Maastricht University & Hubert de Mey, Radboud University
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - French Validation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - French ValidationDionne, F., Gagnon, J., Balbinotti, M., Peixoto, E. M., Martel, M.-E., Gillanders, D., & Monestès, J.-L. (2016). "Buying into thoughts”: Validation of a French translation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 48(4), 278–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000053
Dionne, F., Balbinotti, M., Gillanders, D., Gagnon, J., & Monestès, J. L. (2014). Validation of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in a French-speaking population. Poster presentation at ACBS Annual World Conference XII. Minneapolis, MN. The French Translations of the CFQ items are in the poster (See attachment below)
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - German Validation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - German ValidationChina, C., Hansen, L.B., Gillanders, D.T., Benninghoven, D. (2018) Concept and validation of the German version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-D). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.06.003 The German translation of the CFQ is in the Appendix.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Greek translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Greek translationZachariaa, M. et al. (2021). Does Cognitive Fusion show up similarly across two behavioral health samples? Psychometric properties and invariance of the Greek–Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (G-CFQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 212-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.003 The Greek CFQ items are in Table 2.
(Login to your ACBS account to see the attachments)
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Italian version
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Italian versionDonati, M. A., Berrocal, C., Bernini, O., Gori, C., & Primi, C. (2021). Measuring cognitive fusion through the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-7: Measurement invariance across non-clinical and clinical psychological samples. PloS one, 16(2), e0246434. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246434 The Italian translation of the CFQ-7 is in Appendix SI.
Oppo, A., Prevedini, A. B., Dell'Orco, F., Dordoni, P., Presti, G., Gillanders, D. T., & Moderato, P. (2019). Fusione e defusione. Adattamento e proprieta psicometriche della versione Italiana del Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (I-CFQ) [Fusion and defusion. Adaptation and psychometric properties of the Italian version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (I-CFQ)]. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 25(1), 53–73.
Researchers from IESCUM, IULM University and ACT Italia are now working at the italian validation of CFQ. Preliminary data had been presented at ACBS Annual World Conference X in Washington DC in 2012 and at XVI AIAMC Conference in Pescara 2012.
Details of these studies can be seen here:
Dell’Orco F., Prevedini A., Oppo A., Presti, G.B., Moderato P.(2012). Validation study of the Italian version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), poster presentation at ACBS Annual World Conference X Washington 22-25 luglio 2012
Dell’Orco F., Prevedini A., Oppo A., Presti, G.B., Moderato P.(2012). Studio di validazione italiana del Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ), presentation in symposiun at XVI Congresso Associazione Italiana di Analisi e Modificazione del Comportamento - AIAMC, Pescara 25-28 Ottobre 2012.
For any further information, please write to: francesco.dellorco@iulm.it or annaprevedini@gmail.com
CFQ-13 Italian
CFQ-13 ItalianCognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-13)
David T. Gillanders, Helen Bolderston, Frank W. Bond, Maria Dempster, Paul E. Flaxman, Lindsey Campbell, Sian Kerr, Louise Tansey, Penelope Noel, Clive Ferenbach, Samantha Masley, Louise Roach, Joda Lloyd, Lauraine Mann, Susan Clarke, Bob Remington, The development and initial validation of The Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Behavior Therapy, Available online 18 September 2013, ISSN 0005-7894, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2013.09.001.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Violini, P., Ristè, N., Melchiorri, E., Cioci, M., Rossi, E., Francesconi, C. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Violini, P., Ristè, N., Melchiorri, E., Cioci, M., Rossi, E., Francesconi, C., Lijoi, E. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (3.0) a cura di Violini, P., Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Melchiorri, E., Panzera, A., (2014). A preliminary study of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) in Italian adolescents. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Japanese Validation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Japanese ValidationTaiki Shima et al (2016) Examining the validity of the revised Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire 13-item and 7-item editions. Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy, 42(1), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.24468/jjbt.42.1_73 The CFQ Japanese Translation is in the Appendix.
Kang, R.N., Tanaka, Y., Sato, T., Maeda, S. & Shimada, H. (2023 in press). The Development of a Japanese Version of the State Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Japanese Psychological Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpr.12453
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Korean Version
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Korean VersionKim, B. & Cho, S. (2015). Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Social Behavior and Personality: International Journal, 43 (1), 1715-1724. https://doi.org//10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1715
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Norwegian
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - NorwegianTom Østergaard, Tobias Lundgren, Robert D. Zettle, Nils Inge Landrø, & Vegard Øksendal Haaland (2020) Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - PERSIAN/FARSI Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - PERSIAN/FARSI Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - PERSIAN/FARSI Translation
پرسشنامه ی فیوژن شناختی که به زبان فارسی ترجمه شده است
تشکر از استاد مهدی گنجی
Esmail Soltani, Sirous Momenzadeh, Zohreh Hoseini. Reliability and Validity of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in Iran University Students.
Esmail Soltani, Sirous Momenzadeh, Zohreh Hoseini. Reliability and Validity of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in Iran University Students.Soltani E, Momenzadeh S, Hoseini Z . Psychometric properties of the farsi Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire .Pejouhandeh. Under review. Text in persian.
email:ssoltani65@gmail.com
The purpose of the present study was to examine the validity and reliability of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ) in Iranian university students. 324 university students from Shahid Beheshti University of medical sciences participated in the present study during the winter semester of the 2014- 2015 academic year. Factor analysis by principle component analysis method, convergent validity were conducted to examine the validity of the CFQ. To calculate the reliability of the CFQ, Cronbach alpha and test- retest reliability were used. Results from factor analysis by principle component analysis method yielded one factors that explained 54.89% of the variance.this result is confirmed by AMOS. Support for the convergent and discriminant validity of the CFQ via its positive correlations with the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II, Social Interaction Anxiety Scale, and negative correlations with Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, Valued Living Questionnaire And WHOQOL- BREF was obtained. The reliability of the CFQ via calculating Cronbach’s alpha and test- retest coefficients were yielded 0.86 and 0.86, respectively.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Polish Version
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Polish VersionThe Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire was translated into Polish in the spring of 2014 by Lidia Budziszewska, MSc, Universidad de Almeria, Spain; Stanislaw Malicki, MSc, Akershus University Hospital, Norway and Joanna Dudek, MSc, University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland.
The enclosed Polish translation, titled „Kwestionariusz Fuzji Poznawczej (KFP)”, is a consensus-version with an independent back-translation.
The Polish version of CFQ has yet to be validated, but it was already used in a cross-sectional study conducted by Stanislaw Malicki in 2014 on a mixed (clinical and non-clinical) sample of Polish adults (N=197). The Polish CFQ (KFP) was administered together with Polish versions of: Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II), Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS – Brown & Ryan), Self-Compassion Scale – Short Form (Neff), Fears of Compassion Scales (Gilbert), Early Memories of Warmth Scale (Gilbert), Early Life Events Scale (Gilbert) and Relationships Questionnaire (Bartholomew & Horowitz). A summary document with correlational data will be available here soon.
For further information contact: Stanislaw Malicki, Akershus University Hospital, Norway; email: stanislaw.malicki@ahus.no
CFQ: Baran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachment CFQ Polish.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Portuguese
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Portuguese CommunityCognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7)_Brazilian Portuguese version
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7)_Brazilian Portuguese versionCFQ Brazilian Portuguese version is attached to this webpage.
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos, Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra).
References:
Lucena-Santos, P., Carvalho, S., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gillanders, D., & Oliveira, M. S. (2017). Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire: Exploring measurement invariance across three groups of Brazilian women and the role of cognitive fusion as a mediator in the relationship between rumination and depression. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1): 53-62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.02.004
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Dinis, A., Gregório, S. et al. (2020). Concurrent effects of different psychological processes in the prediction of depressive symptoms – the role of cognitive fusion. Curr Psychol, 39, 528–539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-017-9767-5
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7)_European Portuguese
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ-7)_European PortugueseContact person: Alexandra Dinis
E-mail: alexandra.m.b.dinis@gmail.com
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center
Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra
Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153. 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Spanish Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Spanish TranslationA team from Madrid developed and published a Spanish translation of the CFQ. Details of these studies can be seen here:
Romero-Moreno, R., Máquez-González, M., Losada, A. et al. (2012). Reliability and validity of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire in dementia caregivers. The Gerontologist, 52, 54-55.
Romero-Moreno, R., Márquez-González, M., Losada, A., Gillanders, D. T.. & Fernández- Fernández, V. (2014). Cognitive fusion in dementia caregiving: psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire. Behavioral Psychology, 22, 1, 117-132.
Citations:
Ruiz, F.J., Suárez-Falcón, J.C., Cárdenas-Sierra, S. et al. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II in Colombia. Psychol Rec, 66, 429–437. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0183-2
José Quintero, P.S., Rodríguez Biglieri, R., Etchezahar, & Gillanders, D. (2022). The Argentinian version of the cognitive fusion questionnaire: Psychometric properties and the role of cognitive fusion as a predictor of pathological worry. Curr Psychol, 41, 2546–2557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-00767-4 The CFQ Argentinian version is in the appendix.
Logged in members can download the questionnaire and the validation article below.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Swedish
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - SwedishNilsson, P. (2021). Psykologisk Inflexibilitet och Kognitiv Fusion hos Vuxna med Autism, En Studie om Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Thesis: Mittuniversitetet/Mid Sweden University. Retrived from http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1566478&dswid=1065
The CFQ-7 Swedish Version is in Appendix (Bilaga) 3.2.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Turkish Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Turkish TranslationKervancioglu, A., Aydin, . Y., Sakarya, . D., Duymaz, . G. & Ozdel, . K. (2023) ADAPTATION OF COGNITIVE FUSION QUESTIONNAIRE TO TURKISH: A VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY STUDY. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 12 (1), 50-56. doi:10.5455/JCBPR.19971
Attached file with the name CFQ-turkish.pdf includes the Turkish version of the scale.
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Urdu Translation
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Urdu TranslationThe Urdu translation of the CFQ is downloadable for ACBS-members. Translation and Validation of Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory is in process.
Rabia Khawar, Ph.D - rabiakhawar@gcuf.edu.pk
Associate Professor
Chairperson Department of Applied Psychology
GC University Faisalabad
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Body Image (CFQ-BI)
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Body Image (CFQ-BI)Ferreira, C., Trindade, I. A., Duarte, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2015). Getting entangled with body image: Development and validation of a new measure. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 88(3), 304–316. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12047 (original version in Portuguese from Portugal)
Barney, J.L. et al (2021) Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance of the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Body Image in a clinical eating disorder sample. Body Image, 38, 262-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.04.012
CFQ-BI - Brazilian Portuguese
CFQ-BI - Brazilian PortugueseCorresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos, Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
Address: Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153. Postal Code: 3001-802. Coimbra, Portugal.
Reference:
Lucena-Santos, P., Trindade, I. A., Oliveira, M. S., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Body Image: psychometric properties and its incremental power in the prediction of binge eating severity. The Journal of Psychology Interdisciplinary and Applied, doi: 10.1080/00223980.2017.1305322
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Chronic Illness (CFQ-CI)
Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire - Chronic Illness (CFQ-CI)Trindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2018). Assessment of chronic illness-related cognitive fusion: Preliminary development and validation of a new scale with an IBD sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. doi: 10.1007/s10880-017-9536-5
(original version in Portuguese from Portugal)
CFQ-CI - Persian
CFQ-CI - PersianSoltani, E., Izadi, S., Sharifi, P., & Poursadeghfard, M. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire-Chronic Illness in Multiple Sclerosis. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 16(1):e113524. DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.113524.
CFQ-CI - Portuguese
CFQ-CI - PortugueseTrindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2018). Assessment of chronic illness-related cognitive fusion: Preliminary development and validation of a new scale with an IBD sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings. doi: 10.1007/s10880-017-9536-5
(original version in Portuguese from Portugal)
Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ)
Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ)The Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ; Hollon & Kendall, 1980). The ATQ measures depressogenic thought frequency. This measure is commonly used in depression studies examining the impact of cognitive therapy. However, the ATQ-B is a revision to this measure by Zettle and Hayes (ATQ-B, Zettle & Hayes, 1986) aimed at assessing the believability of these depressive thoughts if they occur and it has been used as a proxy measure for defusion in the ACT community. We recommend that you use both subscales; the ATQ-F for frequency of automatic/depressive thoughts and the ATQ-B for believability of (or fusion with) these thoughts. Scoring for the measure is typically a simple sum score for the F sub scale and the B sub scale. The F and B scores can be used in analyses as separate entities and have been shown to be differentially related to outcomes (e.g., frequency of thoughts was not reduced at post treatment but believability of them was reduced) in studies of depression using behavioral interventions.
Reference: Zettle, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: The context of reason giving. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 4, 30 38.
ATQ - Portuguese
ATQ - PortuguesePereira, I., Matos, A., & Azevedo, A. (2014). Portuguese version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire – Revised: Relation with depressive symptomatology in adolescents. Psicologia, Saúde & Doenças, 15, 37-47. http://doi.org/10.15309/14psd150105
ATQ - Chinese
ATQ - ChineseCAO Ri-fang, CHENG Shu-lin, TANG Wen-xin, SONG Hai-dong (2001) The Reliability and Validity of Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 2, 108.
Jia‐Yan Pan, Shengquan Ye, Petrus Ng (2015) Validation of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) Among Mainland Chinese Students in Hong Kong. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 1, 38-48. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22193
ATQ - Danish
ATQ - DanishLichtenstein, M.B. et al (2019). A psychometric evaluation of the automatic thoughts questionnaire in Danish adolescents and emerging adults. Nordic Psychology, 71(4), 262-275. http://doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2019.1604252
ATQ - Dutch
ATQ - DutchBoelen PA. (2007) Psychometric properties of the Dutch version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire - Positive (ATQ - P). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 36(1), 23-33. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070600874315
Raes, F., & Hermans, D. (2011). De Nederlandstalige versie van de Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (ATQ-R-NL) [The Dutch version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-Revised (ATQ-R-NL)]. Gedragstherapie, 44(1), 53–62.
ATQ - French
ATQ - FrenchLebreuilly, R. & Alsaleh, M. (2019) Élaboration d’un questionnaire court de pensées automatiques positives et négatives (ATQ-18-Fr) auprès d’étudiants français [Study to develop the positive and negative Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ-18-Fr) for French students]. Journal de Thérapie Comportementale et Cognitive, 29(3), 132-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcc.2019.01.003
ATQ - Italian
ATQ - ItalianAutomatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ)
Zettle, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: The context of reason giving. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 4, 30-38.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Melchiorri, E., Francesconi, C., Rossi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., Cioci, M. (2013). AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Melchiorri, E., Francesconi, C., Rossi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Cioci, M. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (3.0) a cura di Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., Panzera, A., (2014). A Preliminary Study on Validating the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ) in Italian Adolescents. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
ATQ - Japanese
ATQ - JapaneseTANAKA, N., UJI, M., HIRAMURA, H., CHEN, Z., SHIKAI, N. and KITAMURA, T. (2006). Cognitive patterns and depression: Study of a Japanese university student population. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60, 358-364. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01514.x
ATQ - Malay
ATQ - MalayOei, T. P. S.; Mukhtar, F. (2008) Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Validation and Psychometric Properties of the automatic Thoughts Questionnaire for Malays (ATQ-Malay) in Malaysia. Hong Kong Journal of Psychiatry, 18(3), 92-100.
ATQ - Norwegian
ATQ - NorwegianChioqueta, A. & Stiles, T. (2004). Norwegian version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire: A reliability and validity study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 33, 79-82. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070310016031
ATQ - Persian
ATQ - PersianGhassemzadeh, H., Mojtabai, R., Karamghadiri, N., & Ebrahimkhani, N. (2006). Psychometric properties of a Persian-language version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire: ATQ-Persian. The International journal of social psychiatry, 52(2), 127–137. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764006062095
ATQ - Spanish
ATQ - SpanishRuiz, F., Suárez-Falcón, J., & Riaño-Hernández, D. (2017). Validity Evidence of the Spanish Version of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire–8 in Colombia. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 20, E12. http://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2017.7
Ruiz, F.J., Segura-Vargas M.A., Odriozola-González, P., & Suárez-Falcón J.C. (2020). Psychometric properties of the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire-8 in two Spanish nonclinical samples. PeerJ, 8,e9747 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9747
ATQ - Tamil
ATQ - TamilDr. Veera Balaji Kumar has shared his Tamil translation of ATQ. Therapists working with Tamil speaking clients can utilize this measure.
Proviso: Although this translation was cross-checked by a language expert and found workable in Veera's practice, it has not been psychometrically tested for accuracy.
ATQ - Turkish
ATQ - TurkishBozkurt, N , Aysan, F . (2013). GELİŞTİRİLMİŞ OTOMATİK DÜŞÜNCELER ÖLÇEĞI(ODÖ - G)'NİN LİSE ÖĞRENCİLERİ İÇİN GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI . Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi , 12 (12) , 91-108 .
Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT)
Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT)Herzberg, K. N., Sheppard, S. C., Forsyth, J. P., Credé, M., Earleywine, M., & Eifert, G. H. (2012). The Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT): a psychometric evaluation of cognitive fusion in a nonclinical and highly anxious community sample. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 877-891. DOI: 10.1037/a0027782
BAFT - Arabic
BAFT - ArabicBougueffa, I. (2020) فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والإلتزام في التخفيف من أعراض الوسواس القهري [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in relieving OCD symptoms]. Dissertation, University of Batna. The Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT) Arabic version is in the appendix. Retrieved from http://dspace.univ-batna.dz/handle/123456789/1210
BAFT - Persian/Farsi
BAFT - Persian/FarsiMohammadipour, M., Naghinasab Ardehaee, F. A (2016). Psychometric Indices of the Farsi Version of the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT). Int J Ment Health Addiction 14, 752–760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-015-9624-4
Soltani E, Bahrainian , S A, Masjedi Arani A, Farhoudian A, Gachkar L. (2015) Psychometric properties of the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire (BAFT). pajoohande, 20 (5), 273-282.
BAFT - Spanish
BAFT - SpanishFrancisco J. Ruiz, Paula Odriozola-González, & Juan C. Suárez-Falcón (2014) The Spanish version of the Believability of Anxious Feelings and Thoughts Questionnaire. Psicothema, 26(3), 308-313. http://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.221 The Spanish Translation of the BAFT is in Table 1.
Drexel Defusion Scale (DDS)
Drexel Defusion Scale (DDS)Evan M. Forman, James D. Herbert, Adrienne S. Juarascio, Peter D. Yeomans, John A. Zebell, Elizabeth M. Goetter Ethan Moitra (2012) The Drexel defusion scale: A new measure of experiential distancing. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 1(1–2), 55-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2012.09.001 The Drexel Defusion Scale (DDS) is in Appendix Table A1.
DDS in Turkish
DDS in TurkishAydın, G , Güneri, O . (2021). The Drexel Defusion Scale: Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version. Sakarya University Journal of Education, 11(1) , 67-82. http://doi.org/10.19126/suje.770582
Mindfulness Measures
Mindfulness Measures adminFive Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)
Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ)The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire is a 39 item measure consisting of five subscales (observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience).
FFMQ References:
- Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27-45.
- Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., et al. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329-342.
- Christopher, M.S., Neuser, N.J., Michael, P.G. et al. (2012). Exploring the Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3, 124–131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0086-x
- Curtiss, J. & Klemanski, D.H. (2014). Factor Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in a Heterogeneous Clinical Sample. J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 36, 683–694. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-014-9429-y
- Spencer, S. D., Jo, D., Hamagami F., Antonio, M. C. K., Qinaʻau, J., Masuda, A., & Hishinuma, E. S. (2022). A psychometric validation of contextual cognitive behavioral therapy-informed measures with racially and ethnically diverse adults. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.004
FFMQ-Short Form References:
- Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011). Psychometric Properties of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Depressed Adults and Development of a Short Form. Assessment, 18(3), 308-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111408231
- Gu, J., Strauss, C., Crane, C., Barnhofer, T., Karl, A., Cavanagh, K., & Kuyken, W. (2016). Examining the factor structure of the 39-item and 15-item versions of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire before and after mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for people with recurrent depression. Psychological Assessment, 28(7), 791–802. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000263
- Levin-Aspenson, H.F., Marks, R.M., Dalrymple, K.L, &Zimmerman, M. (2023). Does the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire measure the same constructs before and after ACT-based treatment? Examination of the longitudinal measurement invariance of the 24-item FFMQ-SF. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 131-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.07.001
FFMQ - Arabic
FFMQ - ArabicAl Awamleh, A. (2014) The effect of educational gymnastics skills on five facet mindfulness. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 14(2), 194 - 197. http://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2014.02030
Mazahreh, J. & Al Awamleh, A. (2016) The relationship between mindfulness, self compassion and the level of skill performance of gymnastics players. Sport Science, 9(2), 29‐33.
Mousa Ahamad, M., Saada, B., Alshamaileh, Q., Abusamra, M. & Al-Awamleh, A. (2018) The Level of Mindfulness, Hand-eye Coordination and Strength among Elite Fencers. Asian Social Science, 14(4), 65-69. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v14n4p65
Ebtsam Ahmed Mohamed, Safaa Mohammed Zaki, & Fatma Nagy Kotb (2021) Assessment of Mindfulness among Head Nurses, and its Effect on Staff Nurses’ Emotional Regulation and Quality of Work Life. Assiut Scientific Nursing Journal, 9(24), 153- 165. https://doi.org/10.21608/asnj.2021.58417.1103
FFMQ - Bosnian
FFMQ - BosnianAlispahic, S., & Hasanbegovic-Anic, E. (2017). Mindfulness: Age and gender differences on a Bosnian sample. Psychological Thought, 10(1), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.5964/psyct.v10i1.224 Retrieved from www.psycharchives.org/bitstream/20.500.12034/1497/1/psyct.v10i1.224.pdf
The FFMQ Bosnian version is in the appendix.
Hasanbegović-Anić, Enedina & Alispahic, Sabina & Tuce, Đenita & Čolić, Jasmin. (2017). Petofaktorski upitnik svjesne usredotočenosti: Provjera nekih metrijskih karakteristika na općoj populaciji/Five factor mindfulness questionnaire: examination of some metric characteristic in general population.
FFMQ - Chinese
FFMQ - ChineseDeng, YQ., Liu, XH., Rodriguez, M.A. et al. (2011) The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Version. Mindfulness, 2, 123–128. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0050-9
Hou, J., Wong, S. Y.-S., Lo, H. H.-M., Mak, W. W.-S., & Ma, H. S.-W. (2014). Validation of a Chinese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Hong Kong and Development of a Short Form. Assessment, 21(3), 363–371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191113485121
Huang, F.-Y., Wu, C.-W., Bhikshu, H.-M., Shih, G.-H., Chao, Y.-P., and Dai, C.-T. (2015). Validation of the Taiwanese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (T-FFMQ). Psychological Testing, 62, 231–260. Retrieved from https://pt.ntcu.edu.tw/PQS/Home/doc?id=63
Meng, Y., Mao, K. & Li, C. (2020). Validation of a Short-Form Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Instrument in China. Front. Psychol., 10, 3031. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.03031
FFMQ - Croatian
FFMQ - CroatianGračanin, A., Gunjača, V., Tkalčić, M., Kardum, I., Bajšanski, I. and Perak, B. (2017). The structure of focused awareness and its connection to personality traits and emotional response. Psychological Topics, 26 (3), 675-700. https://doi.org/10.31820/pt.26.3.9
FFMQ - Czech
FFMQ - CzechKorinek, D. & Benda, J. & Žitník, J. (2019). Psychometrické charakteristiky krátké české verze Dotazníku pěti aspektů všímavosti (FFMQ-15-CZ). [Psychometric characteristics of the short Czech version of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire] Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 63(1), 55-70.
Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331210436_Psychometricke_charakteristiky_kratke_ceske_verze_Dotazniku_peti_aspektu_vsimavosti_FFMQ-15-CZ
The Czech translation of the FFMQ-15 items is in the article.
FFMQ - Danish
FFMQ - DanishJensen, C. G., Krogh, S. C., Westphael, G., & Hjordt, L. V. (2019). Mindfulness is positively related to socioeconomic job status and income and independently predicts mental distress in a long-term perspective: Danish validation studies of the Five-Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 31(1), e1–e20. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000667
FFMQ - Dutch
FFMQ - DutchVeehof, M.M., ten Klooster, P.M., Taal, E. et al. (2011). Psychometric properties of the Dutch Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) in patients with fibromyalgia. Clin Rheumatol, 30, 1045–1054. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-011-1690-9
Verhenne, Fanya (2010) Validiteit van de Five Facet Mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) bij mensen met fibromyalgie. Retrieved from http://essay.utwente.nl/60543/
The FFMQ Dutch Translation is in the appendix.
FFMQ - Estonian
FFMQ - EstonianTeri Talpsep (2015) MEASURING MINDFULNESS AND SELF-COMPASSION: A QUESTIONNAIRE AND ERP STUDY. Master’s Thesis, University of Tartu. DOI: 10.1.1.824.992
The Estonian version of the FFMQ is in the Appendix.
FFMQ - French
FFMQ - FrenchHeeren, A., Douilliez, C., Peschard, V., Debrauwere, L., & Philippot, P. (2011). Cross-cultural consistency of the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire: Adaptation and validation in a French sample. European Review of Applied Psychology, 61, 147-151
Abstract:
Introduction. – Recent research has revealed that mindfulness training improves mental health and psychological functioning. Although several questionnaires have been developed to measure mindfulness, the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), [Baer et al., 2006. Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assessment, 13, 27–45] is currently one of the most empiricallybased scale assessing mindfulness.
Objective. – The present study was designed to: (1) test the psychometric properties and (2) explore the structural validation of the French version of the FFMQ.
Method. – Two hundred and fourteen participants were tested using the French version of the FFMQ.
Results. – Using confirmatory factor analysis, the results showed the French version of the FFMQ has good psychometric properties and a structural validity similar to the initial version.
Conclusion. – This adaptation constituted a validated mindfulness measure for French-speaking clinicians as well as researchers.
Keywords: Mindfulness, FFMQ, validation, French-speaking sample, self-report assessment, confirmatory factor analysis
Résumé
Introduction. Des recherches récentes indiquent que l’apprentissage de la pleine conscience améliore la santé mentale et le fonctionnement psychologique. Bien qu’une série de questionnaire ont été développés en vue de mesurer ce construit, le Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) (Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006) est actuellement l’un des instruments empiriquement validés le plus utilisés pour mesurer la pleine conscience.
Objectifs. La présente étude a été élaborée en vue (1) de déterminer les propriétés psychométriques et (2) d’explorer la validité structurelle d’une adaptation francophone du FFMQ.
Méthode. Deux-cents quatorze participants ont complétés l’adaptation francophone du FFMQ.
Résultats. Au moyen d’analyses factorielles confirmatoires, les résultats indiquent que la version francophone du FFMQ présente de bonnes propriétés psychométriques et une validité structurale similaire à la version initiale.
Conclusion. La présente adaptation constitue une mesure valide d’évaluation de la pleine conscience utilisable tant pour le clinicien que le chercheur francophone.
Mots-clés: Pleine conscience, FFMQ, validation, échantillon francophone, questionnaire, analyse factorielle confirmatoire
FFMQ - French version
FFMQ - French version Alexandre HeerenFFMQ - German
FFMQ - GermanMichalak, J. et al. (2016). Erfassung von Achtsamkeit mit der deutschen Version des Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaires (FFMQ-D). Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie, 24(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149/a000149 FFMQ German Translation is in Tabelle 2.
FFMQ - Hebrew
FFMQ - HebrewHAGIT AARONSOHN (2012) META-MIND VS. META- EMOTION: THE IMPACT OF MINDFULNESS MEDITATION PRACTICE ON EMOTIONAL PROCESSING AND EMOTIONAL SCHEMAS. THESIS: BEN-GURION UNIVERSITY OF THE NEGEV.
Retrieved from http://aranne5.bgu.ac.il/others/AaronsohnHagit.pdf
The FFMQ Hebrew Translation is in the Appendix Page XLIX.
FFMQ - Hungarian
FFMQ - HungarianJózsa L. Az Ötfaktoros Jelentudatosság Kérdőív (FFMQ) adaptálása magyar mintán. In: Rózsa S, Kálmán R, Kő N, Nagy H, Fiáth T, Magi A, Eisinger A, Oláh A. Az érzelmi arcfelismerés jelentősége és mérése a pszichológiai kutatásokban: Az Ekman-féle érzelmi detekció teszttel szerzett hazai tapasztalatok. Pszichológia, 2012; 32, 229-251. https://doi.org/10.1556/pszicho.32.2012.3.4
FFMQ - Icelandic
FFMQ - IcelandicFrostadottir, A.D. & Dorjee, D. (2019). Effects of Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) and Compassion Focused Therapy (CFT) on Symptom Change, Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Rumination in Clients With Depression, Anxiety, and Stress. Frontiers in Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01099
FFMQ - Italian
FFMQ - ItalianGiovannini, C., Giromini, L., Bonalume, L. et al. (2014). The Italian Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire: A Contribution to its Validity and Reliability. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 36, 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9403-0
FFMQ - Japanese
FFMQ - JapaneseFive Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) is a measure of mindfulness that holds an important position in ACT. Many measurement scales for mindfulness have been published in recent years, but FFMQ is the result of joint factor analysis.
The Japanese version of FFMQ has a five-factor structure (observing, describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, nonreactivity).
Sugiura, Y., Sato, A., Ito, Y., Murakami, H. (2012). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Mindfulness, 3, 85-94.
Takahashi, T., Saito, J., Fujino, M., Sato, M., & Kumano, H. (2022). The Validity and Reliability of the Short Form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire in Japan. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 833381. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.833381
The FFMQ Japanese version is on the ACBS Japan Chapter website.
FFMQ - Korean
FFMQ - KoreanChoi, S-Y.(2015). Study on Validity and Reliability of Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) for Measuring Mindfulness Meditation Program Before and After. Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, 26 (2). http://doi.org/10.7231/jon.2015.26.2.181
FFMQ - Latvian
FFMQ - LatvianMajors, Māris (2013). APZINĀTĪBAS PIECU ASPEKTU APTAUJAS (The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionarie (FFMQ)) ADAPTĀCIJA. Master's thesis. https://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/handle/7/42253
FFMQ - Norwegian
FFMQ - NorwegianDundas, I., Vøllestad, J., Binder, P. E., & Sivertsen, B. (2013). The Five Factor Mindfulness Questionnaire in Norway. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 54(3), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12044
FFMQ - Persian
FFMQ - PersianTAMANNAEIFAR, S., & ASGHARNEJADE FARID, A., & MIRZAEE, M., & SOLEIMANI, M. (2016). PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF FIVE FACTOR MINDFULNESS QUESTIONNAIRE. DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY (JOURNAL OF IRANIAN PSYCHOLOGISTS), 12(47), 321-329.
FFMQ - Polish Validation
FFMQ - Polish ValidationRadoń, S. (2014). Validation of the Polish adaptation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Annals of Psychology, 17 (4), 737-760.
FFMQ - Portuguese
FFMQ - PortugueseVíviam Vargas de Barros, Elisa Harumi Kozasa, Isabel Cristina Weiss de Souza, Telmo Mota Ronzani (2014) Validity evidence of the brazilian version of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ). Psicologia: Teoria e Pesquisa, 30 (3). https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-37722014000300009
Alexandre Ramos, António Rosado, Sidónio Serpa, Adolfo Cangas, José Gallego, Luís Ramos (2018). Validity evidence of the portuguese version of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire. Revista de Psicología del Deporte, 27(2), 87–98. Available at: https://archives.rpd-online.com/article/view/v27-n2-carvalho-ramos-rosado-etal.html
FFMQ - Romanian
FFMQ - RomanianElena Druică & Rodica Ianole (2018). Simply Clustering. Making New Sense In The Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire. Romanian Statistical Review, nr. 1.
FFMQ - Russian
FFMQ - RussianGolubev, A. M. & Dorosheva, E. A. (2018) Особенности применения русскоязычной версии пятифакторного опросника осознанности. [Features of the Russian-language version of the five-factor questionnaire of awareness}. Сибирский психологический журнал, 69,46–68.
FFMQ - Sinhala
FFMQ - SinhalaBaminiwatta, A., Alahakoon, H., Herath, N.C. et al. (2022). Psychometric Evaluation of a Sinhalese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Development of a Six-Facet Short Form in a Sri Lankan Buddhist Context. Mindfulness 13, 1069–1082. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01863-1
Outschoorn, N.O., Herath, H. & Amarasuriya, S.D. (2021) SINHALA VERSION OF THE FIVE FACET MINDFULNESS QUESTIONNAIRE (FFMQ-39-SIN): CONTENT VALIDATION THROUGH EXPERT JUDGEMENT AND INTERNAL CONSISTENCY. Proceeding of the Open University Research Sessions. Retrieved from https://ours.ou.ac.lk/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/ID-134_SINHALA-VERSION-OF-THE-FIVE-FACET-MINDFULNESS-QUESTIONNAIRE-FFMQ-39-SIN-CONTENT-VALIDATION-THROUGH-EXPERT-JUDGEMENT-AND-INTERNAL-CONSISTENCY.pdf
FFMQ - Slovak
FFMQ - SlovakLátalová, Veronika & Pilárik, Ľubor. (2014). Overenie psychometrických vlastností a faktorovej štruktúry slovenskej verzie dotazníka FFMQ (five–facet mindfulness questionnaire) [The evaluation of the psychometric properties and the factor structure of the slovak version of the questionnaire FFMQ (five-facet mindfulness questionnaire)]. Psychologie a její kontexty, 5(2), 81–99. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267506585
FFMQ - Spanish
FFMQ - SpanishFeliu-Soler, A., Pérez-Aranda, A., Luciano, J. V., Demarzo, M., Mariño, M., Soler, J., Van Gordon, W., García-Campayo, J., & Montero-Marín, J. (2021). Psychometric properties of the 15-item five facet mindfulness questionnaire in a large sample of spanish pilgrims. Mindfulness, 12(4), 852–862. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01549-6
Asensio-Martínez Á, Masluk B, Montero-Marin J, Olivan-Blázquez B, Navarro-Gil MT, García-Campayo J, et al. (2019) Validation of Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire – Short form, in Spanish, general health care services patients sample: Prediction of depression through mindfulness scale. PLoS ONE,14(4), e0214503. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214503
Aguado, J., Luciano, J.V., Cebolla, A., Serrano-Blanco, A., Soler, J. & García-Campayo, J. (2015). Bifactor analysis and construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ) in non-clinical Spanish samples. Front. Psychol., 6, 404. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00404
Cebolla, A., García-Palacios, A., Soler, J., Guillen, V., Baños, R. Botella, C. (2012). Psychometric properties of the Spanish validation of the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). Eur. J. Psychiat., 26(2), 118-126. https://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S0213-61632012000200005
FFMQ - Swedish
FFMQ - SwedishJosefine L. Lilja, Annika Frodi-Lundgren, Jan Johansson Hanse, Torbjörn Josefsson, Lars-Gunnar Lundh, Camilla Sköld, Erling Hansen & Anders G. Broberg (2011) Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire—Reliability and Factor Structure: A Swedish Version. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 40(4), 291-303. DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2011.580367
FFMQ - Turkish
FFMQ - TurkishHandan Deniz Ayalp & Nesrin Hisli Şahin (2018) Beş Faktörlü Bilgece Farkındalık Ölçeği-Kısa Formu’nun (BFBFÖ-K) Türkçe Uyarlaması [Turkish adaptation of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire - Short Form (FFMQ-S)]. Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi, 2018, Issue 3, 117-127.
Fatoş Kınay (2013) BEŞ BOYUTLU BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK ÖLÇEĞİ’Nİ TÜRKÇE’YE UYARLAMA, GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI. İSTANBUL BİLİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ SOSYAL BİLİMLER ENSTİTÜSÜ, Master's Thesis.
FFMQ - Ukrainian
FFMQ - UkrainianKaplunenko, Y. & Kuchyna, V. (2022). АДАПТАЦІЯ ТА ВАЛІДИЗАЦІЯ ПʼЯТИФАКТОРНОГО ОПИТУВАЛЬНИКА МАЙНДФУЛНЕС (ПОМ-39) [ADAPTATION AND VALIDATION OF FIVE FACTOR MINDFULNESS QUESTIONNAIRE]. International Journal of Innovative Technologies in Social Science, 1(33). https://doi.org/10.31435/rsglobal_ijitss/30032022/7795 The FFMQ Ukrainian version is in the appendix.
FFMQ - Urdu
FFMQ - UrduSayyeda Taskeen Zahra & Saima Riaz (2017) MEDIATING ROLE OF MINDFULNESS IN STRESSRESILIENCE RELATIONSHIP AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS. Pakistan Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 21-32.
FFMQ - Vietnamese
FFMQ - VietnameseNguyen, H.T.M., Nguyen, H.V. & Bui, T.T.H. (2022). The psychometric properties of the Vietnamese Version of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. BMC Psychology, 10, 300. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-01003-3
Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)The FMI scale and measure development article are attached below.
FMI - Arabic
FMI - ArabicZeinab Bitar, Feten Fekih Romdhane, Radoslaw Rogoza, Hossam M. Ghorab, Sahar Obeid & Souheil Hallit (2023 in press) Psychometric properties of the short form of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory in the Arabic language, International Journal of Environmental Health Research. DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2267483
Bougueffa, I. (2020) فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والإلتزام في التخفيف من أعراض الوسواس القهري [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in relieving OCD symptoms]. Dissertation, University of Batna. The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) Arabic version is in the appendix. Retrieved from http://dspace.univ-batna.dz/handle/123456789/1210
FMI - Brazilian Portguese
FMI - Brazilian PortgueseHirayama, M.S. (2014) Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory: adaptação cultural e validação para a língua portuguesa no Brasil. [Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory : cross-cultural adaptation and validation to Portuguese in Brasil] Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Enfermagem, Campinas, SP. Disponível em: http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br/handle/REPOSIP/283892
Hirayama, M.S. et al (2014) A percepção de comportamentos relacionados à atenção plena e a versão brasileira do Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory. [The perception of behavior related to mindfulness and the Brazilian version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory]. Ciênc. saúde coletiva 19 (9). https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014199.12272013 The Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory adapted for Brazil (FMI-Br) is in Quadro 2.
FMI - Chinese
FMI - ChineseChen, S.Y., & Zhou, R.L. (2014). Validation of a Chinese Version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory–Short Version. Mindfulness, 5, 529–535. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0208-8
FMI - Danish
FMI - DanishJensen, C. G., Niclasen, J., Vangkilde, S. A., Petersen, A., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2016). General inattentiveness is a long-term reliable trait independently predictive of psychological health: Danish validation studies of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), e70–e87. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000196
FMI - Dutch
FMI - DutchBruggeman-Everts, F. Z., Van der Lee, M. L., Van ‘t Hooft, E. F. M., & Nyklíček, I. (2017). Validation of the Dutch Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory in Patients With Medical Illness. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017705936 The FMI Dutch translation is in the Supplemental Material.
FMI - French
FMI - FrenchTrousselard, M., Steiler, D., Raphel, C. et al. (2010) Validation of a French version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory - short version: relationships between mindfulness and stress in an adult population. BioPsychoSocial Med, 4, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-4-8 The FMI French Translation is in the Electronic supplementary material.
FMI - German
FMI - GermanHeidenreich, T., Ströhle, G., & Michalak, J. (2006). Achtsamkeit: Konzeptuelle aspekte und ergebnisse zum Freiburger achtsam-keitsfragebogen [Conceptual aspects and results of the Freiburg mindfulness questionnaire]. Verhaltenstherapie, 16(1), 33-40. http://doi.org/10.1159/000091521
FMI - Italian
FMI - ItalianFreiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI)
Walach, H., Buchheld, N., Buttenmüller, V., Kleinknecht, N., & Schmidt, S. (2006). Measuring mindfulness - the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI). Personality and Individual Differences, 40(8), 1543-1555.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Cioci, M., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Francesconi, C., Ristè, N., Melchiorri, E. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Violini, P., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Violini, P., Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Panzera, A.,(2014). The preliminary psychometric properties of an Italian version of Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI) for Adolescents. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
FMI - Persian
FMI - PersianGhasemi Jobaneh R, Arab Zadeh M, Jalili Nikoo S, Mohammad Alipoor Z, & Mohsenzadeh F. (2015). بررسی روایی و پایایی نسخه فارسی فرم کوتاه پرسشنامه ذهنآگاهی فرایبورگ. [Survey the validity and reliability of the persian version of short form of freiburg mindfulness inventory.] Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science, 14(2), 137- 50. http://eprints.rums.ac.ir/5689/
FMI - Polish
FMI - PolishBaran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachment for Polish FMI.
FMI - Spanish
FMI - SpanishPérez-Verduzco, G., & Laca-Arocena, F. A. (2017). Traducción y validación de la versión abreviada del Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (FMI-14). Revista Evaluar, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.35670/1667-4545.v17.n1.17076
Arocena, Francisco & Pérez-Verduzco, Germán & Valencia, Angel. (2016). Multivariate Analysis of the Spanish Version of the FMI-14: Contributions From the Item Response Theory and Biplot Methods. PAPIREX Indian Journal of Research, 5, 242-245.
FMI - Turkish
FMI - TurkishHasan Turan Karatepe & Kaasım Fatih Yavuz (2019) Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Freiburg Mindfulness Inventory (Turkish FMI). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(4), 472-478. http://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2019.1663582
FMI - Ukrainian
FMI - UkrainianСахнюк Роксолана Володимирівна (2021). Психометричні властивості української версії Фрайбурзького опитувальника майндфулнес на вибірці повнолітнього. Магістерська робота, Український католицький університет. [Sakhniuk R.V. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Ukrainian version of Freiburg Mindfulness questionnaire on a sample of adults. Master's thesis, Ukrainian Catholic University.] The FMI Ukrainian version is in the appendix. http://www.er.ucu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/1/2763/Sakhniuk_mag.pdf
Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS)
Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS)Baer, R.A., Smith, G.T., & Allen, K.B. (2004) Assessment of Mindfulness by Self-Report: The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Assessment, 11(3), 191-206. http://doi.org/10.1177/1073191104268029
The KIMS is available on ruthbaer.com.
KIMS - Arabic
KIMS - ArabicAldahadha, B. (2013). The effects of Muslim praying meditation and transcendental meditation programs on mindfulness among the University of Nizwa students. College Student Journal, 47, 668-676.
KIMS - Chinese
KIMS - ChineseXin Xu, Daxing Wu, Xiaohua Zhao, Junxiang Chen, Jie Xia, Mulei Li, Xueqing Nie & Xue Zhong (2016) Relation of perceptions of educational environment with mindfulness among Chinese medical students: a longitudinal study. Medical Education Online, 21(1). DOI: 10.3402/meo.v21.30664
KIMS - Dutch
KIMS - DutchDekeyser, M., Raes, F., Leijssen, M., Leysen, S., & Dewulf, D. (2008) Mindfulness skills and interpersonal behaviour. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(5), 1235-1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2007.11.018
KIMS - French
KIMS - FrenchNicastro, R., Jermann, F., Bondolfi, G., & McQuillan, A. (2010). Assessment of Mindfulness With the French Version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Community and Borderline Personality Disorder Samples. Assessment, 17(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191110363551
KIMS - German
KIMS - GermanStröhle, G., Nachtigall, C., Michalak, J., Heidenreich, T. (2010). Die Erfassung von Achtsamkeit als mehrdimensionales Konstrukt: Die deutsche Version des Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS-D) [Measuring mindfulness as a multidimensional construct: German version of the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS-D)]. Zeitschrift Für Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie, 39(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000001
KIMS - Greek
KIMS - GreekPsarraki, E.E. et al. (2021). The Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills in Greek Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. In: Vlamos, P. (eds) GeNeDis 2020. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1339. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78787-5_28
KIMS - Korean
KIMS - KoreanKim Jong-mo. (2006). 한국판 켄터키 마음챙김기술 척도의 타당화 연구 [A Validation Study of Korean Version of Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills]. Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology, 25, 4, 1123-1139.
KIMS - Persian
KIMS - PersianDEHGHAN MANSHADI ZOBEYDEH et al (2012) PSYCHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE KENTUCKY INVENTORY OF MINDFULNESS SKILLS. JOURNAL OF THOUGHT & BEHAVIOR IN CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY, 7(25), 27 - 36. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=372692
KIMS - Slovenian
KIMS - SlovenianČernetič Mihael (2016) The relationship between anxiety and mindfulness: The role of mindfulness facets, implicit anxiety, and the problem of measuring anxiety by self-report. Psihologija, 49(2), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1602169C
KIMS - Spanish
KIMS - SpanishRuiz, F. J. (2014). The relationship between low levels of mindfulness skills and pathological worry: The mediating role of psychological inflexibility. [La relación entre habilidades de mindfulness y preocupación patológica: El rol mediador de la inflexibilidad psicológica]. Anales de Psicología / Annals of Psychology, 30(3), 887–897. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.30.3.150651
KIMS - Swedish
KIMS - SwedishErling Hansen, Lars‐Gunnar Lundh, Anders Homman & Margit Wångby‐Lundh (2009). Measuring Mindfulness: Pilot Studies with the Swedish Versions of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(1), 2-15. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802383230
KIMS-R - Basque
KIMS-R - BasqueOlarza, A., Soroa, G., Aritzeta, A. et al. (2023 in press). Basque Adaptation of the Reduced Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills (KIMS-R). Mindfulness. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02241-1
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) is a 15 item measure assessing mindfulness of moment to moment experience.
Reference: Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
MAAS - Arabic
MAAS - ArabicMarei S. Younes & Mohammed R. Alzahrani (2018) Could Resilience and Flourishing be Mediators in the Relationship between Mindfulness and Life Satisfaction for Saudi College Students? A Psychometric and Exploratory Study. Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 12(4), 708-723. https://doi.org/10.24200/jeps.vol12iss4pp708-723
MAAS - Chinese
MAAS - ChineseBlack, D. S., Sussman, S., Johnson, C. A., & Milam, J. (2012). Psychometric Assessment of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Among Chinese Adolescents. Assessment, 19(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191111415365
Deng, YQ., Li, S., Tang, YY. et al. (2012) Psychometric Properties of the Chinese Translation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Mindfulness 3, 10–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0074-1
Chen, S., Cui, H., Zhou, R., and Jia, Y. (2012). Revision and reliability and validity of the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MASS). Chin. J. Clin. Psych. 20, 148–151. DOI: 10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2012.02.024
MAAS - Danish
MAAS - DanishJensen, C. G., Niclasen, J., Vangkilde, S. A., Petersen, A., & Hasselbalch, S. G. (2016). General inattentiveness is a long-term reliable trait independently predictive of psychological health: Danish validation studies of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Psychological Assessment, 28(5), e70–e87. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000196
MAAS - Dutch
MAAS - Dutchde Bruin, E.I., Zijlstra, B.J.H., van de Weijer-Bergsma, E. et al. (2011) The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale for Adolescents (MAAS-A): Psychometric Properties in a Dutch Sample. Mindfulness, 2, 201–211. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-011-0061-6
MAAS - Estonian
MAAS - EstonianSeema, R., Quaglia, J.T., Brown, K.W. et al. (2015) The Estonian Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: Assessing Mindfulness Without a Distinct Linguistic Present Tense. Mindfulness, 6, 759–766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-014-0314-2
MAAS - Finnish
MAAS - FinnishSuvi Naukkarinen, Petri Karkkola, Matti Kuittinen & Hannu Räty (2016). Suomenkielisen MAAS-mittarin psykometrinen rakenne ja yhteydet persoonallisuuspiirteisiin sekä hyvinvointiin. PSYKOLOGIA, 51 (05).
MAAS - French
MAAS - FrenchJermann, F., Billieux, J., Larøi, F., d'Argembeau, A., Bondolfi, G., Zermatten, A., & Van der Linden, M. (2009). Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): Psychometric properties of the French translation and exploration of its relations with emotion regulation strategies. Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 506–514. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017032
Adaptation de "Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale" de Brown & Ryan (2003) inclus dans le livre de "ACT for anxiety disorders" de Eifert & Forsyth (2005). Le questionnaire est accessible en devenant membre d'ACT. Cette version française du questionnaire n'a pas été validée et il est le résultat d'une adaptation personnelle. Il n'a donc pas passé par toutes les étapes de traductions habituelles. Je l'utilise comme moyen d'orienter plus précisément la thérapie ou comme outil thérapeutique. Il ne peut donc pas être utilisé dans le cadre de recherche scientifique. Login to your ACBS account to see the attachment.
MAAS - German
MAAS - GermanMichalak, J. & Heidenreich, T. & Ströhle, G. (2008). Die deutsche Version der Mindful Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) Psychometrische Befunde zu einem Achtsamkeitsfragebogen. Zeitschrift Fur Klinische Psychologie Und Psychotherapie - Z KLIN PSYCHOL PSYCHOTHERY, 37, 200-208. http://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443.37.3.200
MAAS - Greek
MAAS - GreekMantzios, M., Wilson, J.C. & Giannou, K. (2015) Psychometric Properties of the Greek Versions of the Self-Compassion and Mindful Attention and Awareness Scales. Mindfulness, 6, 123–132. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0237-3
MAAS - Hungarian
MAAS - HungarianSimor, P., Petke, Z., & Köteles, F. (2013) Measuring pre-reflexive consciousness: The Hungarian validation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). Learning & Perception, Volume 5, Issue Supplement-2. https://doi.org/10.1556/lp.5.2013.suppl2.2
MAAS - Italian
MAAS - ItalianMindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Violini, P., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Rabitti, E., Miselli, G., and Moderato, P. (2013). Misurare la capacità di restare in contatto con il momento presente: la validazione italiana della mindful attention awareness scale. Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale, 19, 323-339.
Referenza bibliografica: Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Panzera, A., (2014). Reliability and Validity of an Italian version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) for Youth. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
MAAS - Japanese
MAAS - JapaneseMasahiro Fujino, Shogo Kajimura, Michio Nomura (2015) Development and Validation of the Japanese Version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale Using Item Response Theory Analysis. The Japanese Journal of Personality, 24(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.2132/personality.24.61
MAAS - Korean
MAAS - KoreanKwon Sun-joung, Kim Kyung-heon. (2007) 한국판 마음챙김 주의 알아차림 척도 (K-MAAS)의 타당화 연구 [Validation of the Korean Version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (K-MAAS)]. Journal of Korean Psychology: Health, 12, 1, 269-287.
MAAS - Malay
MAAS - MalayPhang, C.-K., Mukhtar, F., Ibrahim, N. & Mohd. Sidik, S. (2016). Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS): factorial validity and psychometric properties in a sample of medical students in Malaysia. The Journal of Mental Health Training, Education and Practice, 11(5), 305-316. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMHTEP-02-2015-0011
Zainal, N.Z., Nor-Aziyan, Y., & Subramaniam P. (2015) Psychometric properties of the Malay-translated Mindfulness, Attention and Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a group of nursing students in Malaysia. Malaysian J Psychiatry, 24(1). https://www.mjpsychiatry.org/index.php/mjp/article/view/352
MAAS - Polish
MAAS - PolishRadoń, S. (2014). Walidacja Skali Świadomej Obecności [VALIDATION OF THE POLISH VERSION OF MINDFUL ATTENTION AWARENESS SCALE]. Studia Psychologica: Theoria et praxis, 14(1), 50-69.
MAAS - Portguese
MAAS - PortgueseGregório, S., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2013). Mindful attention and awareness: Relationships with psychopathology and emotion regulation. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 16, 1-10. http://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2013.79
MAAS - Serbian
MAAS - SerbianThe Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) Serbian Translation can be found on the Repository of psychological instruments in Serbian [Repozitorijum psiholoških instrumenata na srpskom jeziku] (REPOPSI). http://mfr.de-1.osf.io/render?url=https://osf.io/46gq5/?direct%26mode=render%26action=download%26mode=render
https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5ZB8P
MAAS - Slovenian
MAAS - SlovenianČernetič Mihael (2016). The relationship between anxiety and mindfulness: The role of mindfulness facets, implicit anxiety, and the problem of measuring anxiety by self-report. Psihologija, 49(2), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1602169C
MAAS - Spanish
MAAS - SpanishSoler, J., Tejedor, R., Feliu-Soler, A., Pascual, J.C, Cebolla, A., Álvarez, E., & Pérez, V. (2012). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la escala Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) [Psychometric properties of the Spanish versión of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS)]. Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría, 40, 18-25.
Barajas, S. & Garra, L. (2014). Mindfulness and psychopathology: Adaptation of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in a Spanish sample. Mindfulness y psicopatología: adaptación de la escala de conciencia y atención plena (MAAS) en una muestra española. Clínica y Salud, 1, 49-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-5274(14)70026-X The Spanish MAAS translation is in the Appendix.
MAAS - Swedish
MAAS - SwedishErling Hansen, Lars‐Gunnar Lundh, Anders Homman & Margit Wångby‐Lundh (2009). Measuring Mindfulness: Pilot Studies with the Swedish Versions of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 38(1), 2-15. http://doi.org/10.1080/16506070802383230
MAAS - Turkish
MAAS - TurkishCatak, P.D. (2012). The Turkish Version of Mindful Attention Awareness Scale: Preliminary Findings. Mindfulness, 3, 1–9. https://doi/org/10.1007/s12671-011-0072-3 The MAAS Turkish Translation is in Table 2.
MAAS - Urdu
MAAS - UrduAmna Ajmal & Syeda Shahida Batool (2020) Psychometric Properties of the Urdu Translation of Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) in Pakistan. SJESR, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.36902/sjesr-vol3-iss2-2020(190-197)
Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS)
Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS)The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) is a 20 item measure consisting of 2 sub-scales (acceptance and present moment awareness).
Reference:
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15, 204-223.
PHLMS - Brazilian
PHLMS - BrazilianSilveira, A., Gomes de Castro, T. & Gomes, W. (2012). Adaptation and validation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale among Brazilian adults. Psico-USF, 17, 215-223. http:doi.org/10.1590/S1413-82712012000200005
PHLMS - Chinese
PHLMS - ChineseZeng, X., Li, M., Zhang, B., & Liu, X. (2015). Revision of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale for measuring awareness and equanimity in Goenka's Vipassana meditation with Chinese Buddhists. Journal of religion and health, 54(2), 623–637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-014-9870-y
LIANG, Y., LIU, H., ZHOU, H., WANG, D. & DENG, Y. (2018). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of philadelphia mindfulness scale in college students. Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science, 27(9), 843-847.
PHLMS - Italian
PHLMS - ItalianPhiladelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS)
Cardaciotto, L., Herbert, J. D., Forman, E. M., Moitra, E., & Farrow, V. (2008). The assessment of present-moment awareness and acceptance: The Philadelphia mindfulness scale. Assessment, 15, 204-223.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Ristè, N., Violini, P., Melchiorri, E., Lijoi, E., Rossi, E.,(2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Melchiorri, E.,Rossi, E., Violini, P., Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., Panzera, A., (2014). Validation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) for the Italian youth population. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
PHLMS - Norwegian
PHLMS - NorwegianTom Østergaard, Tobias Lundgren, Robert D. Zettle, Nils Inge Landrø, & Vegard Øksendal Haaland (2020) Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528
PHLMS - Persian
PHLMS - PersianAmeri, S. & Kooshki, S. (2021). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) in Students. Islamic Life Style, 5(1), 1-10. URL: http://islamiclifej.com/article-1-391-en.html
Farzin Rad, B., Rashidian, M., Shakeri Juybari, Z., & Dehghani Ashkezari, E. (2022). Investigating the Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) among Clients of Counseling and Psychotherapy Centers. Journal of Applied Psychological Research, 13(1), 345-362. DOI: 10.22059/japr.2022.319635.643768
PHLMS - Slovenian
PHLMS - SlovenianČernetič Mihael (2016). The relationship between anxiety and mindfulness: The role of mindfulness facets, implicit anxiety, and the problem of measuring anxiety by self-report. Psihologija, 49(2), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI1602169C
PHLMS - Spanish
PHLMS - SpanishTejedor, R. et al. (2014). Propiedades psicométricas de la versión española de la Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale [Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale] Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, 7 (4), 157-165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rpsmen.2014.10.002
PHLMS - Thai
PHLMS - ThaiSilpakit, Chatchawan & Silpakit, Orawan & Wisajun, Pattaraphorn. (2011). The validity of Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale Thai version. Journal of Mental Health of Thailand, 19(3), 140-147. Retrived from https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/jmht/article/view/968
The PHLMS Thai version is in the article.
PHLMS - Turkish
PHLMS - TurkishÇelik, H , Onat Kocabıyık, O . (2018). Philadelphia Farkındalık Ölçeği (PFÖ)’nin Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri [The Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS): Cultural Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the PMS]. Marmara Üniversitesi Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 48 (48). DOI: 10.15285/maruaebd.345925 The Turkish PMLMS items are in table 2 and table 3.
Psychological Flexibility or Inflexibility Measures
Psychological Flexibility or Inflexibility Measures CommunityAcceptance & Action Questionnaire (AAQ) and AAQ-II
Acceptance & Action Questionnaire (AAQ) and AAQ-IIThe 7-item Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II (AAQ-II)
The AAQ-II was developed in order to establish an internally consistent measure of ACT’s model of mental health and behavioral effectiveness. Although the original AAQ (Hayes, Luoma, Bond, Masuda and Lillis, 2004), obtaining sufficient alpha levels for it has at times been a problem. It appears that there are several reasons for this (e.g., scale brevity, item wording, item selection procedures), and they were addressed in developing the AAQ-II. As a result, it is recommended that researchers and practitioners use this newer scale instead of the original AAQ (which from here forward will be termed the AAQ-I).
NOTE: The AAQ-II started out as a 10-item scale, but after final psychometric analysis has been reduced to a 7-item scale (2011). Please be sure to download the 7 item version, below.
It was designed to assess the same construct as the AAQ-I and, indeed, the two scales correlate at .97, but the AAQ-II has better psychometric consistency. The reference for the AAQ-II is:
Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionniare - II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688.
Use of the AAQ-II: Permission is given to use the AAQ-II for research and with clients, and does not require additional author permission. If, however, the AAQ-II was to be used in any type of money making enterprise (e.g., consultancy to organizations), seeking permission is requested by the authors. - Frank Bond, Goldsmiths College, London
What do we call ACT's model of mental health and behavioral effectiveness? (Or, what does the AAQ-I and -II measure?)
[Taken from Bond et al.]
When ACT was originally developed, the overarching term for its underlying model was experiential avoidance – the attempt to alter the form, frequency, or situational sensitivity of negative private events (e.g., thoughts, feelings, and physiological sensations), even when doing so leads to behavioral difficulties (Hayes, Wilson, Gifford, Follette, & Strosahl, 1996). Acceptance was the term used to positively describe this model; thus, it is defined as the willingness to experience (i.e., not alter the form, frequency, or sensitivity of) unwanted private events, in the pursuit of one’s values and goals.
The ACT model has matured over the years, with more emphasis on the dynamic and flexible fit between context, private experiences and valued action, which have always been inherent in the model. Such flexibility is seen when ACT therapists note that sometimes persisting in behavior is helpful, while at other times changing it is helpful: it depends upon the value- and goal-related opportunities that are available in a given context. Furthermore, as other parts of the ACT model are now given emphasis (e.g., cognitive defusion, contacting the present moment, mindfulness, and perspective-taking), experiential avoidance and, hence, acceptance are taking on a narrower meaning and are being used less often as terms for the overarching model (Hayes et al., 2006). Instead, the term psychological flexibility (or flexibility) is now being used to describe this model. It is defined as the ability to fully contact the present moment and the thoughts and feelings it contains without needless defense, and, depending upon what the situation affords, persisting or changing in behavior in the pursuit of goals and values (Hayes et al., 2006). While experiential avoidance and acceptance are still useful and acceptable ways to describe this construct, psychological flexibility is the more current and overarching term. In addition, it needs to be acknowledged that in some contexts (e.g., industrial-organizational psychology) it is important to speak of this domain positively (acceptance or flexibility) and in other contexts (e.g., psychopathology) it is easier to speak of it negatively (experiential avoidance or psychological inflexibility). These differences are terminological, not substantive.
The AAQ-II and key psychometric findings for the scale can be found below. Older versions of the AAQ (i.e., AAQ-9, AAQ-16 and AAQ-49) are also listed below.
There are more specific acceptance and defusion measures available. A good measure has been developed in the area of smoking; a pain measure developed from the earliest versions of the AAQ called the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire has been published and worked very well in this area.
Several AAQ measures for specific problems and populations are posted under Disease and disorder specific AAQ variations.
There are also a variety of translated versions of the AAQ and AAQ-II posted here: AAQ-II in 30+ Languages.
Click here for a list of publications that have reviewed the AAQ and AAQ-II.
References:
- Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. M., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T., & Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionniare - II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688.
- Fledderus, M., Oude Voshaar, M. A. H., ten Klooster, P. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 925–936. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028200
- Flynn, M. K., Berkout, O. V., & Bordieri, M. J. (2016). Cultural considerations in the measurement of psychological flexibility: Initial validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II among Hispanic individuals. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 16(2), 81-93. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000035
- Renshaw, T.L. (2018). Probing the relative psychometric validity of three measures of psychological inflexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 47-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.12.001
- McAndrews, Z., Richardson, J., & Stopa, L. (2019) Psychometric properties of acceptance measures: A systematic review. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 261-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.006
- Ong, C. W., Lee, E.B., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.T. (2019). A review of AAQ variants and other context-specific measures of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 329-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.007
- Borgogna, N.C., McDermott, R.C., Berry, A., Lathan, E.C., & Gonzales, J. (2020). A multicultural examination of experiential avoidance: AAQ – II measurement comparisons across Asian American, Black, Latinx, Middle Eastern, and White college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.011
- Aller T.B., Barrett, T., Levin, M.E., Brunson McClain, M. (2022). Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001
- Ong, C.W., Barthel, A.L., & Hofmann, S.G. (2023). The Relationship Between Psychological Inflexibility and Well-Being in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Behavior Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2023.05.007
AAQ-II in 30+ Languages
AAQ-II in 30+ Languages CommunityAAQ-II in Arabic
AAQ-II in ArabicAAQ II, 7 item, with scoring. Courtsey of Belal Mustafa.
References:
Hemaid, Fairouz & El-Astal, Sofián & Cangas, Adolfo & Navarro, Noelia & Aguilar-Parra, Jose & Alsaqqa, Ayah & Saqer, Ayah. (2017). PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE PALESTINIAN VERSION OF THE ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE-II (AAQ-II) APPLIED IN THE GAZA STRIP. International Journal of Psycho-Educational Sciences, 5(3), 52-59.
Bougueffa, I. (2020) فعالية العلاج بالتقبل والإلتزام في التخفيف من أعراض الوسواس القهري [The effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in relieving OCD symptoms]. Dissertation, University of Batna. The AAQ-II Arabic version is in the appendix. Retrieved from http://dspace.univ-batna.dz/handle/123456789/1210
AAQ-II in Chinese
AAQ-II in Chinese王小龙, 曹静, 安静, 丁万兵, 索玉兰, 苏华, 李燕, 祝卓宏, 汤永隆 (2015). 中文接纳与行动问卷第二版(AAQ-II)与认知融合问卷(CFQ)在回族和哈萨克族青少年中的信效度检验. 心理学进展, 5(11), 695-701. [Wang Xiaolong, Cao Jing, Jing Jing, Ding Wanbing, Suo Yulan, Su Hua, Li Yan, Zhu Zhuohong, Tang Yonglong (2015). Chinese Acceptance and Action Questionnaire Second Edition (AAQ-II) and Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (CFQ ) in Hui and Kazak adolescents. Advances in Psychology, 5(11) , 695-701.] http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/AP.2015.511090
Chun-Qing Zhang, Pak-Kwong Chung, Gangyan Si & Jing Dong Liu (2014). Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II for Chinese College Students and Elite Chinese Athletes. Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 47(4), 256-270. DOI: 10.1177/0748175614538064
CAO Jing, JI Yang, & ZHU Zhuo-Hong (2013). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Second Edition(AAQ-Ⅱ)in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 11, 873-877.
Chang, W.H., Chi, L., Lin, SH. et al. (2017). Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II for Taiwanese College Students and Elite Athletes. Curr Psychol 36, 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-015-9395-x
AAQ-II in Croatian
AAQ-II in CroatianŠego, A. (2022). Mentalno zdravlje zdravstvenih djelatnika u vrijeme pandemije COVID–19. [Mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic]. Thesis: Sveučilište u Splitu, Medicinski fakultet [University of Split, School of Medicine]. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:171:198025
AAQ-II in Czech
AAQ-II in CzechPtáček, Martin. (2022). Assessing Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Acceptance-Commitment Approach in Sport. Thesis: Masarykova Univerzita. Retrieved from https://is.muni.cz/th/qyx1b/ The Czech version of AAQ-II is in the Appendix.
AAQ-II in Danish
AAQ-II in DanishHoffmann, D. Halsboe, L., Eilenberg, T., Jensen, J.S., & Frostholm, L. (2014) A pilot study of processes of change in group-based acceptance and commitment therapy for health anxiety. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.04.004
AAQ-II in Danish. Updated, 31/8/2015. Login to see attachment
AAQ-II in Dutch
AAQ-II in DutchAAQ-II translated in Dutch. Login to see the attachments.
References:
Fledderus, M., Oude Voshaar, M. A. H., ten Klooster, P. M., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2012). Further evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–II. Psychological Assessment, 24(4), 925–936. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028200
Jacobs N, Kleen M, De Groot F, A-Tjak J. (2008) Measuring experiential avoidance. Dutch translation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) [in Dutch]. Gedragstherapie, 41, 349–361.
AAQ-II in Finnish
AAQ-II in FinnishLappalainen, P., Keinonen, K., Pakkala, I., Lappalainen, R., & Nikander, R. (2021). The role of thought suppression and psychological inflexibility in older family caregivers’ psychological symptoms and quality of life. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.04.005
(Login to your ACBS account to see the attachment)
AAQ-II in French
AAQ-II in FrenchVersion française de l'AAQ-II dans la Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée.
Monestès, JL., Villatte, M., Mouras, H., Loas, G., & Bond, F. (2009). Traduction et validation française du questionnaire d'acceptation et d'action (AAQ-II). European Review of Applied Psychology, 59, 301-308.
Les résultats indiquent que la version française du questionnaire d'acceptation et d'action-II est fiable et valide. Elle peut donc être utilisée en recherche comme en clinique. [French version of AAQ-II in European Review of Applied Psychology; Abstract below)]
Résumé: L'évitement d'expériences psychologiques douloureuses a été choisi comme cible privilégiée par plusieurs nouvelles approches thérapeutiques issues des thérapies comportementales et cognitives. La tentative de suppression des événements psychologiques désagréables conduit à une perte de la flexibilité psychologique fortement corrélée avec un nombre important et varié de troubles psychologiques. Ces nouvelles approches thérapeutiques tentent d'accroître l'acceptation afin de lutter contre cette rigidité psychologique. Parmi ces approches, la thérapie d'acceptation et d'engagement (ACT) évalue la flexibilité psychologique au moyen du questionnaire d'acceptation et d'action (AAQ-II), qui présente de bonnes propriétés psychométriques. Une version française de l'AAQ-II est ici évaluée sur un groupe de 210 sujets témoins et de 118 patients souffrant de troubles anxieux ou dépressifs. La version française de l'AAQ-II présente une bonne consistance interne. Sa validité concourante comme sa validité de construit semblent solides. Le questionnaire est fiable dans une évaluation en test-retest. La structure factorielle à un facteur de la version francophone de l'AAQ-II est la même que celle de la version originale. Ces résultats assurent une utilisation de la version française de l'AAQ-II en recherche comme en pratique clinique.
[FRENCH TRANSLATION AND VALIDATION OF THE ACCEPTANCE & ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (AAQ-II)
Keywords: Acceptance & action questionnaire (AAQ-II), Acceptance and commitment therapy, Psychological flexibility
Abstract: Avoidance of painful psychological experience has been chosen as the prime target by several new therapeutic approaches derived from cognitive and behavioral therapies. Attempts to suppress unpleasant emotional events lead to a loss of psychological flexibility strongly correlated with a significant number and variety of psychological disorders. These new therapeutic approaches attempt to increase acceptance in order to decrease this psychological rigidity. Among these approaches, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) measures psychological flexibility by mean of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II), which presents good psychometric properties. A French version of the AAQ-II was evaluated in a group of 210 control subjects and 118 patients with anxiety disorders or depression. The French version of the AAQ-II presents good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha: 0.76-0.82). Its concurrent validity and construct validity appear strong. The questionnaire is reliable in test-retest evaluation. The one-factor structure of the French version of the AAQ-II reproduces the structure of the original version. These results ensure the use of the French version of the AAQ-II in research as well as in clinical practice.]
AAQ-II in Georgian
AAQ-II in GeorgianNino Gogichadze, Teona Lodia, Nata Meparishvili, & Jodi Polaha (2017) The AAQ-II Translation to Georgian: A Preliminary Validation Study. Poster presented at ACBS Annual World Conference 15
AAQ-II in German
AAQ-II in GermanHoyer, J. & Gloster, A.T. (2013) Psychologische Flexibilität messen: Der Fragebogen zu Akzeptanz und Handeln II. Verhaltenstherapie, 23, 42–44.
Gloster, A., Klotsche, J., Chaker, S., Hummel, K.V., & Hoyer, J. (2011). Assessing psychological flexibility: what does it add above and beyond existing constructs? Psychological assessment, 23(4), 970-82 .
AAQ-II in Greek
AAQ-II in GreekKarekla, M. & Michaelides, M.P. (2017) Validation and invariance testing of the Greek adaptation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire -II across clinical vs. nonclinical samples and sexes. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.006
AAQ-II in HINDI
AAQ-II in HINDITyagi, A. & Agarwal, A. (2021). Validation of the Factor Structure of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) in the Indian Context. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(7), 10033-10043.
See attachment for translation by Sayma Jameel & Dr M Manjula, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
AAQ-II in Hebrew
AAQ-II in HebrewHebrew translations of the AAQ II is below.
AAQ II
Rabbi Dov Ben-Yaacov BA. LLB.PgD-Psychiatry
MSc Psychiatry candidate, Cardiff Medical School
Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
AAQ-II in Hungarian
AAQ-II in HungarianBalazsi, R., Pentek, I., Vargha, J., & Szabo, K. (2019). The investigation of the factor structure, construct validity and gender related differences of the Hungarian version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: A latent mean difference approach. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 19(1), 73-89. DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2019.1.5
Eisenbeck, N., & Szabó-Bartha, A. (2018). Validation of the Hungarian version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 80-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.07.007
See attachments for AAQ-II in Hungarian.
Please contact Krizstina-Gabriella Szabo (krisztinagabriella.szabo@gmail.com) for additional information.
AAQ-II in Indonesian
AAQ-II in IndonesianNurmalita Sari, Margaretha Sih Setija Utami, Esthy Rahayu (2022). The Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Reducing Depression in Post-Stroke Patients. Philanthropy: Journal of Psychology, 6(1), 13 – 31. Retrieved from https://journals.usm.ac.id/index.php/philanthropy/article/view/4681
AAQ-II in Italian
AAQ-II in ItalianPennato, T., Berrocal, C., Bernini, O. et al. (2013) Italian Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): Dimensionality, Reliability, Convergent and Criterion Validity. J Psychopathol Behav Assess, 35, 552–563 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-013-9355-4 The Italian AAQ-II items are in the Appendix Table 8.
AAQ-II in Japanese
AAQ-II in JapaneseAAQ-II translated in Japanese. Naoko Kishita, Tetsuya Yamamoto, & Hironori Shimada Author contact information: Naoko Kishita Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Japan sun_village@suou.waseda.jp
Citations
7 items AAQ-II: Daiki Shima, Mika Yanagihara, Satoshi Kawai, Hiroaki Kumano (2013) Japanese version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II 7-item version. Proceedings of the 77th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Psychological Association.
10 items AAQ-II: Naoko Kinoshita, Tetsuya Yamamoto, Hironori Shimada (2008). Attempt to create Japanese version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II Proceedings of the 21st Annual Meeting of the Japanese Society of Health Psychology, 46.
AAQ-II in Korean
AAQ-II in KoreanHeo, J.H., Choi, M.S., & Jin, H.J. (2009). Study on the reliability and validity of Korean translated Acceptance-Action Questionnaire-II. Journal of the Korean Psychological Association: Counseling and Psychotherapy, 21(4), 861–878. www.kci.go.kr
AAQ-II in Latvian
AAQ-II in LatvianSadauska, I. & Koļesovs, A. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II: Latvian Version. Cilvēks, tehnoloģijas un izglītības kvalitāte, 2021[Human, Technologies and Quality of Education, 2021], 71-82. https://doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021
AAQ-II in Malay
AAQ-II in MalayReferences:
Mohd Bahar, F. H., Mohd Kassim, M. A., Pang, N. T. P., Koh, E. B. Y., Kamu, A., & Ho, C. M. (2022). Malay Version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): A Reliability and Validity Analysis in Non-Clinical Samples. IIUM Medical Journal Malaysia, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.31436/imjm.v21i3.1888
Shari, N. I., Zainal, N. Z., Guan, N. C., Ahmad Sabki, Z., & Yahaya, N. A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ II) Malay version in cancer patients. PloS one, 14(2), e0212788. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0212788 The Malay Translation is in Appendix 1.
AAQ-II in Norwegian
AAQ-II in NorwegianTranslated AAQ-II in Norwegian. Norsk konsensusversjon (backtranslated), mars 2009 - og revidert i2011 henhold til engelskspråklig validering. Forhåpentligvis vil det gjøres en valideringsstudie av den i nærmeste fremtid. Denne versjonen er utarbeidet av (i alfabetisk rekkefølge): Roar Fosse PhD Børge Holden dr.philos. Didrik Heggdal Psykologspesialist Steffen Holthe Psykolog Trym Nordstrand Jacobsen MA. Ayna B. Johansen PhD Lars Mariero Med.Stud. (for spørsmål kan Trym Nordstrand Jacobsen nåes på trym_n_jacobsen@yahoo.no)
Tom Østergaard, Tobias Lundgren, Robert D. Zettle, Nils Inge Landrø, Vegard Øksendal Haaland (2020) Norwegian Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (NAAQ): A psychometric evaluation. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 103-109. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.002
The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) aims to measure psychological flexibility (PF), described as the ability to act according to chosen values while consciously being in contact with present moment experiences that might function as obstacles. To date, the psychometric properties of a Norwegian translated version of the AAQ-II (NAAQ) have not been published, thus limiting the confidence of findings based on its use with Norwegian samples. The current study sought to address this omission by evaluating the psychometric properties of the NAAQ in a clinical sample (N = 163) with a history of major depressive disorder and residual symptoms of depression. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure of the scale with good internal (α = 0.87) and satisfactory levels of concurrent and convergent validity. Incremental validity beyond two measures of value-based living was found in predicting depression, anxiety, and three of four domains reflective of quality of life. The overall results support the use of the NAAQ in both research and clinical practice with Norwegian samples.
Børge Strømgren, Stian Orm Jon A. Løkke (2021) Psychometric Properties of the Norwegian Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in a Non-clinical Sample. International journal of psychology and psychological therapy, 21(2), 199-206.
AAQ-II in Persian
AAQ-II in PersianAbasi, E., Fti, L., Molodi, R., Zarabi, H. (2013). Psychometric properties of Persian Version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire –II. Journal of Psychological Models and Methods, 3(10), 65-80.
Nezamaddin Ghasemi, Mehrdad Kalantari, Karim Asghari, Hossaein Molavi (2014) Factor Structure, Validity and Reliability of the Persian version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II-7). International Journal of Education and Research, 2(9), 85-96.
AAQ-II translated into Farsi courtesy of Dr. Ali Sahebi. Please contact asahebi@gmail.com for more information. See attached file.
AAQ-II in Polish
AAQ-II in PolishKleszcz, Bartosz & Dudek, Joanna & Białaszek, Wojciech & Ostaszewski, Pawel & Bond, Frank. (2018). Właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji Kwestionariusza Akceptacji i Działania (AAQ-II). Studia Psychologiczne, 1, 1-20.
Polski. Oto strona zawierająca Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, mierzący elastyczność psychologiczną. Dostępne są dwie wersje - męska i żeńska. Pełne dane dostępne będą po opublikowaniu wyników. Test jest darmowy do użytku w ramach interwencji psychologicznych i badań naukowych. W razie pytań wyślij maila do bkleszcz@gmail.com
English. This is the page containing the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II, measuring psychological flexibility. Two versions are available - male and female. Full data will be available after publishing. The test is free for use in psychological intervetions and research. Should you have any questions please send a mail to bkleszcz@gmail.com
AAQ-II in Portuguese
AAQ-II in PortugueseAAQ-II translated in Portuguese. (login to your ACBS account to see attachment)
References:
Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gregório, S., Dinis, A., & Xavier, A. (2012). Experiential Avoidance in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples: AAQ-II Portuguese Version. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 12(2), 139-156.
Barbosa, L.Martins. & Murta, S. G. (2015). Propriedades psicométricas iniciais do Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II - versão brasileira. Psico-USF, 20(1), 75-85. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-82712015200107
Berta-Otero, T., Barceló-Soler, A., Montero-Marin, J., Maloney, S., Pérez-Aranda, A., López-Montoyo, A., Salvo, V., Sussumu, M., García-Campayo, J., & Demarzo, M. (2023). Experiential Avoidance in Primary Care Providers: Psychometric Properties of the Brazilian “Acceptance and Action Questionnaire” (AAQ-II) and Its Criterion Validity on Mood Disorder-Related Psychological Distress. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010225
AAQ-II in Romanian
AAQ-II in RomanianSzabó, K.G., Vargha, J.L., Balazsi, R., Bartalus, J., & Bogdan, V. (2011) MEASURING PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY: PRELIMINARY DATA ON THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE ROMANIAN VERSION OF THE ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE (AAQ-II). Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies, Cluj-Napoca, 11, (1), 67-82.
Preliminary data regarding the psychometric properties of the Romanian AAQ-II:
The calculated Cronbach’s Alpha’s value was .80 for the 10-item AAQ-II, and .84 for the 7-item AAQ-II (n = 350, 145 males).
A full description of the psychometric properties is described in the attached documents in English and Romanian. Please contact Krizstina-Gabriella Szabo (krisztinagabriella.szabo@gmail.com) for additional information.
AAQ-II in Russian
AAQ-II in RussianAAQ-II
Опросник Принятия И Дейcтвий -II
References:
Yasin, M.I. (2022). Русскоязычная адаптация методик для диагностики принятия и избегания опыта [Russian-language adaptation of methods for diagnosing acceptance and avoidance of experience]. Современная зарубежная психология [Journal of Modern Foreign Psychology], 11(2), 113–121. https://doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2022110210
AAQ-II in Serbian
AAQ-II in SerbianDragan Žuljević, Nikolija Rakočević, & Igor Krnetić (2020). Testing the Model of Psychological Flexibility in the Serbian Cultural Context: The Psychometric Properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Psihologija, 53 (2), 161-181. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI191015006Z
Translated to Serbian by Dr Dragan Zuljevic, Dr Igor Krnetic and Nikolija Rakocevic.
Please contact drzuljevic@gmail.com for more information
AAQ-II in Spanish
AAQ-II in SpanishReferences
- Patrón Espinosa, F. (2010). La evitacion experiencial y su medicion por medio del AAQ-II. Enseñanza e Investigación en Psicología, 15(1), 5-19. At the end of the article is the measure
- Ruiz, F.J., Langer Herrera, A.I., Luciano, C., Cangas, A.J. & Beltrán, I. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological infl exibility: The Spanish version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire - II. Psicothema, 25, 123-129. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2011.239
- Paladines-Costa, B., López-Guerra, V., Ruisoto, P., Vaca-Gallegos, S., & Cacho, R. (2021). Psychometric Properties and Factor Structure of the Spanish Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) in Ecuador. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(6), 2944. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062944
- Arias, P. R., Barraca, J., & García, F. E. (2023). Propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción-II en adultos ecuatorianos. Actualidades En Psicología, 37(134), 99–116. DOI: 10.15517/ap.v37i134.48374
AAQ-II Adaptación Luciano, Ruiz, 2007 (Login to your ACBS account to see attachments)
AAQ-II in Swedish
AAQ-II in SwedishHayes et al utvecklade den första versionen av AAQ med 10 frågor. Den har senare översatts till svenska och förkortat till 6 frågor av Tobias Lundgren och Thomas Parling vid Uppsala Universitet. Du hittar instrumentet här.
Referenser:
[1] Nilsson, P. (2021) Psykologisk Inflexibilitet och Kognitiv Fusion hos Vuxna med Autism: En Studie om Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Mituniversitetet, thesis. Swedish 7 item AAQ-II is in Bilaga 3.1. Retrieved from https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1566478/FULLTEXT01.pdf
[2] Thorsell Cederberg, J., Sandra Weineland, S., Dahl,J., & Ljungman, G. (2018). Validation of the Swedish Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (SAAQ) for parents of children with cancer. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 50-54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.008
[3] Tobias Lundgren & Thomas Parling (2017): Swedish Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (SAAQ): a psychometric evaluation, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Du kan läsa artikeln i fullängd här: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2016.1250228
[4] Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., Baer, R. A., Carpenter, K. C., Guenole, N., Orcutt, H. K., Waltz, T. and Zettle, R. D. (2011). Preliminary psychometric properties of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – II: A revised measure of psychological flexibility and acceptance. Behavior Therapy, 42, 676-688.
[5] Hayes S.C., Strosahl K.D., Wilson K.G., Bissett R.T., Pistorello J., Toarmino D., Polusny M.A., Dykstra T.A., Batten S.V., Bergan J., Stewart S.H., Zvolensky M.J., Eifert G.H., Bond F.W., Forsyth J.P., Karekla M, McCurry SM. Measuring experiential avoidance: a preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record 2004;54:553–78.
[6] Otto, N. (2010). Den svenska versionen av Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. En psykometrisk utvärdering. Opublicerad psykologexamensuppsats, Institutionen för psykologi, Uppsala universitet, Uppsala.
AAQ-II in Tamil
AAQ-II in TamilDr. Veera Balaji Kumar has shared his Tamil translation of AAQ-II. Therapists working with Tamil speaking clients can utilize this measure.
Proviso: Although this translation was cross-checked by a language expert and found workable in Veera's practice, it has not been psychometrically tested for accuracy.
AAQ-II in Thai
AAQ-II in ThaiSumalrot, T., Phannajit, N., & Phattharayuttawat, S. (2022). Psychometric Properties of Scales for Assessing Experiential Avoidance. Siriraj Medical Journal, 74(11), 760–768. https://doi.org/10.33192/Smj.2022.90
Sucheera Phattrayuttrawat, Thanayot Sumalrot & Naphol Phannajit (2019) A STUDY OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SELF-RATING SCALES FOR ASSESSING EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE. Proceeding of Graduate Research Forum 2019 An Academic Conference for Graduate Student.
Pimpanit Condee, Nattasuda Taephant Kullaya Pisitsungkagarn (2017) Development of a Thai version of the Acceptance Scale and Preliminary Psychological Properties for Individuals after Leukemia Treatment. Journal of the Royal Thai Army Nurses, 18 (suppl.1),174-80. Available from: https://he01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/JRTAN/article /view/90119 The Thai translation of the AAQ-II items is in the table 1.
AAQ-II in Turkish
AAQ-II in TurkishFatih Yavuz, Sevinc Ulusoy, Mehtap Iskin, Fatma Betul Esen, Huseyin Sehid Burhan, Mehmet Emrah Karadere & Nuran Yavuz (2016) Turkish Version of Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II): A reliability and Validity Analysis in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 26(4), 397-408, http://doi.org/10.5455/bcp.20160223124107
Meunier, B., Atmaca, S., Ayranci, E., Gökdemir, B. P., Uyar, T., & Bastug, G. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the acceptance and action questionnaire-II (AAQ-II). Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 14(2), 179.
Fatih Yavuz, M.D., Mehtap Iskin, Psyc, Sevinc Ulusoy, M.D., Betul Esen, M.D., Huseyin Sehid Burhan, M.D. (2014) Turkish Version of AAQ-II: Preliminary Analysis of Reliability and Validity. Poster presented at the ACBS Annual World Conference 12.
KABUL VE EYLEM FORMU-2 (See attachment)
AAQ-II in Ukranian
AAQ-II in UkranianShiroka, A.A. & Mykolaychuk, M.I. (2021). АДАПТАЦІЯ УКРАЇНОМОВНОЇ ВЕРСІЇ ОПИТУВАЛЬНИКА ПРИЙНЯТТЯ ТА ДІЇ (AAQ-II) НА НОРМАТИВНІЙ ТА СУБКЛІНІЧНІЙ ГРУПАХ ДОСЛІДЖУВАНИХ [ADAPTATION OF THE UKRAINIAN-VERSION VERSION OF THE QUESTIONNAIRE OF ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION (AAQ-II) ON NORMATIVE AND SUBCLINICAL GROUPS OF RESEARCHES]. Scientific Bulletin of KSU Series Psychological Sciences, 2021(No. 3), 101-112. https://doi.org/10.32999/ksu2312-3206/2021-3-14 The AAQ-II Items Ukraianian translation is in Table 4.
AAQ-II in Urdu
AAQ-II in UrduAAQ-II in Urdu Translated by Sumayya Sajjad <sumayyasajjad75@yahoo.com>
Centre for Clinical Psychology
University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II-Urdu Translated by Rabia Khawar, Ph.D - rabiakhawar@gcuf.edu.pk
Associate Professor
Chairperson Department of Applied Psychology
GC University Faisalabad
AAQ in languages other than English
AAQ in languages other than English CommunityAAQ in Albanian
AAQ in AlbanianMorina, N. (2007) Der Zusammenhang zwischen Erlebnisvermeidung und posttraumatischen Belastungssymptomen nach Kriegstraumatisierung - eine Kurzmitteilung [The Relationship Between Experiential Avoidance and Posttraumatic Symptoms Following War Trauma - A Brief Report]. Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 58, 69-71. http://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-971010
AAQ in Chinese
AAQ in ChineseAAQ translated in Chinese.
Author contact information:
Ai-Ti Tseng
Clinical psychologist, Taiwan
emily0507cs@yahoo.com.tw
AAQ in French
AAQ in French adminAAQ in German
AAQ in GermanAAQ (22 item) German
AAQ (22 item) GermanGerman 22-item AAQ.
AAQ (9 item) German
AAQ (9 item) GermanThis German version of the AAQ was used in a study by these authors
AAQ in Hebrew
AAQ in HebrewHebrew translations of the AAQ 10 and 7-item scales are below.
AAQ 10-item scale:
Liad Bareket-Bojmel
Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben-Gurion University
liadbar@bgu.ac.il
AAQ II 7-item scale:
Rabbi Dov Ben-Yaacov BA. LLB. PgD-Psychiatry
MSc Psychiatry candidate, Cardiff Medical School
Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
AAQ in Korean
AAQ in Korean16 question AAQ in Korean. Courtsey of HEO, Jaehong.
AAQ in Spanish
AAQ in SpanishSpanish version of the AAQ.
References:
Barraca, J. (2004). Spanish Adaptation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, (3), 505-515.
Ruiz, F.J., Langer, A.I., Luciano, C., Cangas, A.J., & Beltrán, I. (2013). Midiendo la evitacion experiencial y la inflexibilidad psicologica: version espanola del Cuestionario de Aceptacion y Accion-II [Measuring experiential avoidance and psychological inflexibility: the Spanish translation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire]. Psicothema, 25,123-129. http://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2011.239
AAQ -Spanish excel version
AAQ -Spanish excel versionAttached there is an excel version of the Spanish AAQ (Barraca Mairal, 2006), with automatic correction.
AAQ in Swedish
AAQ in SwedishThe 22 item version (the one you can score all vaidated ways) of the AAQ-I in Swedish. Translated by Rikard Calmbro and Henrik Torneskog. The translators can be reached at calmbro@hotmail.com.
Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)
Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ)Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., Suzuki, N., & Watson, D. (2014). The Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire: Development and initial validation. Psychological Assessment, 26(1), 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034473
Vázquez-Morejón, R. et al. (2019). Validation of a Spanish version of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) in clinical population. Psicothema, 31(3), 335-340. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2019.60 You can find the BEAQ in the appendix.
Ong, C.W., Pierce, B.G., Petersen, J.M., Barney, J.L., Fruge, J.E., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.P. (2020). A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.007
Aller, T.B., Barrett, T., Levin, M.E., McClain, M.B. (2022). Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 125-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001
BEAQ - Chinese Validation
BEAQ - Chinese ValidationCao, H. et al (2021) Chinese validation of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) in college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 19, 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.01.004 The BEAQ translation in Simplified Chinese is in the Appendix.
Lo, H.H.M., Powell, C.L.Y.M., Chan, S.H.W. et al. (2023). Validating an Adapted Version of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire in Hong Kong Chinese. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 45, 207–220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-022-10020-w
BEAQ - Czech
BEAQ - CzechPetříková, K. (2021). Atributy acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) v kontextu syndromu vyhoření u studentů medicíny. Thesis: Masarykova Univerzita. Retrieved from https://is.muni.cz/th/ww25y/ The Czech version of BEAQ is in the Appendix.
BEAQ - German Validation
BEAQ - German ValidationReferences:
Schaeuffele, C., Knaevelsrud, C., Renneberg, B., & Boettcher, J. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the German Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ). Assessment, 29(7), 1406-1421. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911211010955
BEAQ - Japanese
BEAQ - JapaneseSAKAGUCHI, R., SEGUCHI, A., & MITAMURA, T. (2023). 日本語版 Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire BEAQ) の開発 [Developing the Japanese version of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire]. RITSUMEIKAN JOURNAL OF HUMAN SCIENCES, 47, 1-11.
BEAQ - Korean
BEAQ - KoreanLee Ju-Yeon, You Sung-Eun (2017) 한국판 다차원적 경험회피 척도(K-MEAQ)의 타당화 및 단축형(K-MEAQ-24) 개발 [Validation of the Korean Version of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire(K-MEAQ) and Development of a Brief Form(K-MEAQ-24)]. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 17, 2, 181 - 208.
BEAQ - Spanish Validation
BEAQ - Spanish ValidationVázquez-Morejón, R. et al. (2019). Validation of a Spanish version of the Brief Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (BEAQ) in clinical population. Psicothema, 31(3), 335-340. DOI: 10.7334/psicothema2019.60
The BEAQ in Spanish and English are included in the appendix of this article.
Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT)
Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT)The CompACT was developed as a general measure of psychological flexibility (and constituent sub-processes) as conceptualized within the ACT model. The development and initial validation of the measure is reported in the manuscript attached below, which has been published in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (accessible here).
The CompACT is free to use for clinical and research purposes: we have attached the CompACT response form and a scoring calculator below. We hope it will prove to be a useful measure, building on the promise of our initial findings. There are also now CompACT short form versions.
Citations for CompACT:
Francis, A.W., Dawson, D.L., & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2016) The development and validation of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(3), 134-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.05.003.
Ong, C.W., Pierce, B.G., Petersen, J.M., Barney, J.L., Fruge, J.E., Levin, M.E., & Twohig, M.P. (2020). A psychometric comparison of psychological inflexibility measures: Discriminant validity and item performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 34-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.08.007
Adamowicz, J.L., Thomas, E.B.K., Hsu, T., Denburg, N.L. & Roche, A.I. (2023). A Preliminary Investigation into the Factor Structure of Two Psychological Flexibility Measures in a Sample of Community-Dwelling Older Adults. Clinical Gerontologist, 46(4), 561-573. DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2131496
Citations for CompACT Short Form Versions:
CompACT-15: Hsu, T., Hoffman, L., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2023). Confirmatory measurement modeling and longitudinal invariance of the CompACT-15: A short-form assessment of psychological flexibility. Psychological Assessment, 35(5), 430–442. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001214
CompACT-10: Golijani-Moghaddam, N., Morris, J.L., Bayliss, K., & Dawson, D.L. (2023). The CompACT-10: Development and validation of a Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes short-form in representative UK samples. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 29, 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.06.003
CompACT-8: Morris, J., Golijani-Moghaddam, N., & Dawson, D. (2019) Development and validation of a short form of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT-SF). DClinPsy thesis, University of Nottingham.
CompACT-8: Dawson, D.L. & Golijani-Moghaddam, N. (2020). COVID-19: Psychological flexibility, coping, mental health, and wellbeing in the UK during the pandemic. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, 126-134. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.010
CompACT - Chinese
CompACT - ChineseChen, Y., Luo, H., Wang, S., Bai, X., & Zhu, Z. (2023). Preliminary validation of a Chinese version of the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes. Current Psychology, 42, 15528–15538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02654-y
CompACT - Czech
CompACT - CzechPtáček, M., & Jelínek, M. (2024). Assessing psychological flexibility: The psychometric properties of the Czech translation of the CompACT questionnaire. Československá psychologie, 68(1), 30–48. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.68.1.30 The CompACT Czech version is available on Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/cwjxq/
CompACT - German
CompACT - GermanGiovannetti, A. M., Pöttgen, J., Anglada, E., Menéndez, R., Hoyer, J., Giordano, A., Pakenham, K. I., et al. (2022). Cross-Country Adaptation of a Psychological Flexibility Measure: The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3150. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063150
Giovannetti, A.M., Rosato, R., Galán, I. et al. (2024). Cross-cultural validity and reliability of the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes (CompACT) in people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 33, 1359–1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03609-z
CompACT - Indonesian
CompACT - IndonesianGitta Annisa Vania Suganda & Fitri Ariyanti Abidin (2022). The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Treatment Process (Compact): Adaptation of The Indonesian Version. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology, 11(3). Retrieved from www.researchgate.net
CompACT - Italian
CompACT - ItalianGiovannetti, A. M., Pöttgen, J., Anglada, E., Menéndez, R., Hoyer, J., Giordano, A., Pakenham, K. I., et al. (2022). Cross-Country Adaptation of a Psychological Flexibility Measure: The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3150. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063150<
Giovannetti, A.M., Rosato, R., Galán, I. et al. (2024). Cross-cultural validity and reliability of the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes (CompACT) in people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 33, 1359–1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03609-z
CompACT - Malay
CompACT - MalayMusa, N., Pang, N.T.P., Kamu, A., Ho, C.M., Waters, C., Berrett, J., Moghaddam, N., & Wider, W. (2022). The Development and Validation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT)—Malay Version. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9624. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159624
CompACT - Persian
CompACT - PersianReferences:
Hajloo, N., Pourabdol, S., Sobhi-Gharamaleki, N., & Beyki, M. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT). Qom University of Medical Science Journal, 15(11). URL: http://journal.muq.ac.ir/article-1-3352-en.html
Soleimani, Z., Shairi, M. (2022). Examination of validity and reliability of the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (COMPACT) in non-clinical iranian sampels. Clinical Psychology and Personality, 19(2), 121-137. http://doi.org/10.22070/cpap.2021.3077
CompACT - Polish
CompACT - PolishDudek, J., Cyniak-Cieciura, M., & Ostaszewski, P. (2024 in press) Psychometric properties of the Polish version of The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes (CompACT) Psychiatria Polska.
CompACT - Portuguese
CompACT - PortugueseReferences
Inês A. Trindade, Nuno B. Ferreira, Ana Laura Mendes, Cláudia Ferreira, Dave Dawson, & Nima Golijani-Moghaddam (2021). Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT): Measure refinement and study of measurement invariance across Portuguese and UK samples. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 30-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.05.002
Inês A.Trindade, Paula Vagos, Helena Moreira, Daniela V.Fernandes, & IanTyndall (2022). Further validation of the 18-item Portuguese CompACT scale using a multi-sample design: Confirmatory factor analysis and correlates of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.003
CompACT - Romanian Version
CompACT - Romanian VersionCălinici, M. S., & Călinici, T. (2021). COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF ACT PROCESSES COMPACT. ROMANIAN ADAPTATION AND SHORT FORM VALIDATION. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 21(2). DOI: 10.24193/jebp.2021.2.19
Submitted by Simona Calinici on January 23, 2021
Completați cu scoruri de la 0 la 6, în funcție de cât de bine vi se potrivesc următoarele afirmații ( 0= deloc, 6= maxim)
1. Pot identifica lucrurile care contează în viață pentru mine și să le urmăresc.
2 r. Unul dintre cele mai importante scopuri ale mele este a evita amintirile dureroase.
3. r Desfășor activități semnificative fără să fiu cu adevărat atent la ele.
4r .Încerc să fiu mereu ocupat ca să nu-mi vină gânduri sau emoții în minte.
5. Acționez în concordanță cu felul cum doresc să-mi desfășor viața.
6r.Sunt atât de prins în gândurile mele că nu pot să fac nici lucrurile pe care doresc cel mai mult să le fac.
7. Fac alegeri în funcție de ce este important pentru mine, chiar dacă este stresant.
8 r Îmi spun că n-ar trebui să am anumite gânduri.
9.r Îmi este greu să rămân concentrat pe ceea ce se întamplă în prezent.
10. Mă comport conform valorilor mele.
11.r Evit situațiile care mi-ar putea produce gânduri, emoții sau senzații neplăcute.
12. r Chiar și când fac lucruri care contează pentru mine, îmi dau seama că le fac fără să fiu atent la ele.
13. Sunt dispus să trăiesc orice gânduri, emoții sau senzații se ivesc, fără să încerc să le schimb sau să mă apăr de ele.
14. Întreprind lucruri care au semnificație pentru mine, chiar dacă mi-e greu.
15.r Mă străduiesc mult să țin la distanță sentimentele supărătoare.
16. r Fac lucruri și sarcini automat, fără să-mi dau seama când le fac.
17. Pot să-mi urmez planurile pe termen lung chiar și atunci când progresul este lent.
18.r Nu fac ceva, chiar dacă e important pentru mine, dacă există riscul de a suferi.
19.r Se pare că funcționez pe pilot automat, fără prea multă atenție la ce fac.
20. Gândurile sunt doar gânduri, ele nu controlează ce fac eu.
21.Valorile mele se reflectă cu adevarat în acțiunile mele (în comportamentul meu).
22. Pot să iau gândurile și emoțiile așa cum vin , fără să încerc să le controlez sau evit.
23. Pot să perseverez în ceva, dacă e important pentru mine.
Traducere și adaptare pentru populația românească Simona Călinici (UMF Iuliu Hațieganu Cluj Napoca, simona.calinici@gmail.com)
CompACT - Spanish
CompACT - SpanishSalvador Reyes-Martín; Mónica Hernández-López; Miguel Rodríguez-Valverde (2021) Spanish adaptation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy processes (CompACT). Poster presented at ACBS Annual World Conference 19.
Giovannetti, A. M., Pöttgen, J., Anglada, E., Menéndez, R., Hoyer, J., Giordano, A., Pakenham, K. I., et al. (2022). Cross-Country Adaptation of a Psychological Flexibility Measure: The Comprehensive Assessment of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Processes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3150. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063150<
Giovannetti, A.M., Rosato, R., Galán, I. et al. (2024). Cross-cultural validity and reliability of the comprehensive assessment of acceptance and commitment therapy processes (CompACT) in people with multiple sclerosis. Quality of Life Research, 33, 1359–1371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-024-03609-z
CompACT - Swedish
CompACT - SwedishMarie-Louise Möllerberg, Graciela Rovner, Jeanette Melin, & Magnus Johansson. (2021, June 11). CompACT-23 questionnaire, Swedish translation. Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4925832
The Swedish translation is described and available at: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4925832
CompACT - Tamil Version
CompACT - Tamil VersionThe original Comprehensive assessment of Acceptance and commitment therapy processes (CompACT) has been tranlsated into Tamil language and is in the process of validation. Researchers can help in the process of assessing the psychometric properties of the translated version.
CompACT-15
CompACT-15A short-form multidimensional measure of psychological flexibility components, including openness to experiences, behavioral awareness, and valued action subscales. Attached is the scale and an Excel coding sheet for ease of use.
Hsu, T., Hoffman, L., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2023). Confirmatory measurement modeling and longitudinal invariance of the CompACT-15: A short-form assessment of psychological flexibility. Psychological Assessment, 35(5), 430–442. DOI: 10.1037/pas0001214
Here is a link to the publicly available manuscript: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10101904/
The manuscript reports on CFA and IFA latent variable measurement models that supported a 15-item short-form. The three-factor structure demonstrated good fit. Acceptable reliability was observed across the three factors. Moreover, the results indicated measurement equivalence of the items to assess latent change over time. Construct validity was also demonstrated.
Many thanks to the CompACT's authors (Ashley W. Francis, David L. Dawson, & Nima Golijani-Moghaddam) for their willingness to allow us to use the scale's items in this work!
Everyday Psychological Inflexibility Checklist (EPIC)
Everyday Psychological Inflexibility Checklist (EPIC)References:
Thompson, M., Bond, F.W., & Lloyd, J. (2019) Preliminary psychometric properties of the Everyday Psychological Inflexibility Checklist. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 243-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.004 The Everyday Psychological Inflexibility Checklist is at the end of the article.
Ong, C,.W., Sheehan, K.G., Haaga, D.A.F. (2023) Measuring ACT in context: Challenges and future directions. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 235-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.04.005
Flexibility Index Test (FIT-60)
Flexibility Index Test (FIT-60)References:
Batink, T., & Delespaul, P. (2015). Meten van psychologische flexibiliteit – De Flexiibiliteits Index Test (FIT-60). Tijdschrift voor Gedragstherapie, 48(4), 310-332.
Batink, T., Jansen, G., & de Mey, H. (2013). Development of the Flexibility Index Test (FIT-60). Poster presented at ACBS Annual World Conference 11. (See attachment below)
Batink, T., Jansen, G. & De Mey, H.R.A. (2012). De Flexibiliteits Index Test (FIT-60): Een beknopte beschrijving. GZ-Psychologie, 5, 18-21.
The English vesion and Dutch version of the FIT-60 can be found at www.actinactie.nl/flexibiliteits-index-test-fit-60
FIT-60 - Dutch
FIT-60 - DutchBatink, T., & Delespaul, P. (2015). Meten van psychologische flexibiliteit – De Flexiibiliteits Index Test (FIT-60). Tijdschrift voor Gedragstherapie, 48(4), 310-332.
Batink, T., Jansen, G. & De Mey, H.R.A. (2012). De Flexibiliteits Index Test (FIT-60): Een beknopte beschrijving. GZ-Psychologie, 5, 18-21.
The Flexibility Index Test (FIT-60) Dutch version is here https://www.actinactie.nl/flexibiliteits-index-test-fit-60/
Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ)
Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ)Gámez, W., Chmielewski, M., Kotov, R., Ruggero, C., & Watson, D. (2011). Development of a measure of experiential avoidance: The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 23(3), 692–713. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023242
MEAQ - Dutch
MEAQ - DutchJansen, S., Klundert, N. van de, & Rinia, K. (2016) De drijfveren van experiëntiële vermijding: het verband tussen experiëntiële vermijding, regulatiefocus en actie-oriëntatie [The drivers of experiential avoidance}. Universiteit Utrecht, Thesis. The Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (Nederlandse vertaling) is in Appendix C.
MEAQ - Korean
MEAQ - KoreanJung, J.-H. (2018). A study on the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the multidimensional experience avoidance questionnaire. Journal of the Korean Contents Association, 18 (1), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2018.18.01.517
MEAQ - Persian
MEAQ - PersianMoradi, A., Barghi Irani, Z., Bagiyan Koulemarz, M., Kariminejad, K., & Zabet, M. (2018). Factor Determination and Psychometric Features of the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ). Social Cognition, 6(2), 57-82.
URL: http://sc.journals.pnu.ac.ir/article_4422.html?lang=en
MEAQ - Polish
MEAQ - PolishBaran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachments for female and male versions of the MEAQ-30.
MEAQ - Thai
MEAQ - ThaiSumalrot, T., Phannajit, N., & Phattharayuttawat, S. (2022). Psychometric Properties of Scales for Assessing Experiential Avoidance. Siriraj Medical Journal, 74(11), 760–768. https://doi.org/10.33192/Smj.2022.90
Phattrayuttrawat, S., Sumalrot, T. & Phannajit, N. (2019). A STUDY OF PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF SELF-RATING SCALES FOR ASSESSING EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE. Proceeding of Graduate Research Forum 2019 An Academic Conference for Graduate Student.
MEAQ - Turkish
MEAQ - TurkishHalil Eksi, et al. (2018) MULTIDIMENSIONAL EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE QUESTIONNAIRE-30: ADAPTATION AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE TURKISH VERSION. ULEAD 2018 Annual Congress: ICRE. The MEAQ Turkish translation is in the article.
Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)
Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI)GOALS IN DEVELOPING THE MPFI
Dr. Ron Rogge developed the MPFI in collaboration with Dr. Kelly Wilson and Jaci Rolffs. We specifically wanted to create the first scale to comprehensively assess the 6 key dimensions of flexibility and 6 key dimensions of inflexibility from the Hexaflex model.
DEVELOPING THE SCALE
We created an item pool of over 550 items (including 22 of the most widely used scales from the ACT and mindfulness literatures) and gave those items to over 3000 online respondents. We then identified 12 dimensions of flexibility and inflexibility corresponding to the Hexaflex model and selected the 5 most effective items for assessing each dimension with Item Response Theory (IRT) to create the 60-item MPFI.
SCORING
Subscales – To score the MPFI subscales, you assign responses point values from 1 to 6 and then average the responses across the items of each scale so that higher scores reflect higher levels of the dimension being assessed by each set of items.
Global Composites – The averages of the 6 flexibility subscales can be averaged to create a composite representing global flexibility. Similarly, the averages of the 6 inflexibility subscales can be averaged to create a global inflexibility composite.
Shorter Global Composites – The first two items of each of the flexibility subscales can be averaged to create a shorter 12-item global flexibility composite. Similarly, the first 2 items of each of the inflexibility subscales can be averaged to create a shorter 12-item global inflexibility composite.
INTERPRETATION
Normative Information – The research article developing the MPFI (Rolffs, Rogge, & Wilson, 2016; see citation below) presents basic normative data on its subscales (e.g., means and standard deviations by gender). That information will help to place individual scores into a larger context.
Reliable Change – The article also presents Minimal Detectible Change (MDC-95; Stratford, Finch, et al., 1996) estimates for each subscale and for the global composites. These MDC-95 estimates tell researchers and clinicians how many points an individual would need to change on each scale between assessments for that change to be statistically significant. Thus, these MDC95 estimates allow ACT researchers and clinicians to identify clinically significant (i.e., reliable) change groups as suggested by Jacobson and Truax (1991).
Online Interpretative Profiles – The research team is currently piloting an online system (the MindFlex Assessment System - mindflex.org) that not only administers the MPFI (along with some well-validated measures of global functioning) to clients, but also scores the results and provides therapists with standardized flexibility/inflexibility profiles to help inform their work with those clients. In fact, we are currently recruiting therapists for the MindFlex Assessment Project, a research project helping to validate this online service that provides the first ~100 therapists to enroll an opportunity to earn up to $100 for participating (and the first ~300 clients an opportunity to earn up to $80).
CITATION
If you are using this scale, then you should cite the research article validating it as follows:
Rolffs, J. L., Rogge, R. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2016). Disentangling Components of Flexibility via the Hexaflex Model Development and Validation of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Assessment, 25(4), 458–482. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191116645905.
Additional Citations:
Grégoire, S. et al (2020). Validation of the English and French versions of the multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory short form (MPFI-24). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.004
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
MFPI - Italian
MFPI - ItalianLandi, G. et al (2021). Italian Validation of the Italian Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 21, 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.05.007 Italian Translation is in the appendix.
MPFI - Chinese Validation
MPFI - Chinese ValidationLin, Y., Rogge, R.D., Swanson, D.P. (2020). Cross-cultural flexibility: Validation of the traditional Mandarin, simplified Mandarin, and Japanese translations of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.008 The MPFI Chinese translation is in Appendix A Supplementary data.
(Login into your ACBS account to see the attachments)
MPFI - Japanese
MPFI - JapaneseLin, Y., Rogge, R.D., Swanson, D.P. (2020). Cross-cultural flexibility: Validation of the traditional Mandarin, simplified Mandarin, and Japanese translations of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.008 The MPFI Japanese translation is in Appendix A Supplementary data.
MPFI - Norwegian
MPFI - NorwegianNorsk versjon kort og lang samt skåringsark tilgjengelig for egen bruk
MPFI - Persian
MPFI - PersianZahra Azadfar, Abbas Abdollahi, Indrajit Patra, Ya-Ping Chang, Tawfeeq Alghazali, Saad Ghazi Talib (2022). The Iranian form of psychometric properties of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00236-w
.
MPFI - Portuguese
MPFI - PortuguesePereira, C., Cunha, M., Massano-Cardoso, I., & Galhardo, A. (2023). Assessment of psychological (in)flexibility in the Portuguese population: Validation of the short version of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI-24). Portuguese Journal of Behavioural and Social Research, 9(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.31211/rpics.2023.9.1.285
MPFI - Spanish
MPFI - SpanishReferences:
Simkin, H., Freiberg-Hoffmann, A., Caselli, G., Prozzillo, P., Rogge, R. D., & Wilson, K. G. (2023). Adaptation and Validation into Spanish of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI): evidence of internal validity and factorial Invariance. Revista AJAYU, 21(2), 111–130. https://doi.org/10.35319/ajayu.212188 The MPFI Spanish version is in the Appendix.
Navarrete, J., Rodríguez-Freire, C., Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Martínez-Rubio, D., McCracken, L. M., Gallego, A., Sundstrom, F. T. A., Serrat, M., Alonso, J., Feliu-Soler, A., Nieto, R., & Luciano, J. V. (2024). Psychometric examination of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory Short Form (MPFI-24) and the Psy-Flex Spanish versions in individuals with chronic pain. European Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.4704
MPFI - Swedish
MPFI - SwedishReferences:
Tabrizi, F. F., Larsson, A., Grönvall, H., Söderstrand, L., Hallén, E., Champoux-Larsson, M., Lundgren, T., Sundström, F., Lavefjord, A., Buhrman, M., Sundin, Ö,. McCracken, L., Åhs, F., & Jansson, B. (2023). Psychometric evaluation of the Swedish Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 52(4), 295-316. DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2022.2153077
Sundström, F.T.A., Lavefjord, A., Buhrman, M., & McCracken, L.M. (2023). Assessing Psychological Flexibility and Inflexibility in Chronic Pain Using the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory (MPFI). The Journal of Pain, 24(5), 770-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2022.11.010
MPFI - Turkish
MPFI - TurkishGİZEM ULUBAY (2020) ÇOK BOYUTLU PSİKOLOJİK ESNEKLİK ENVANTERİNİN TÜRKÇEYE UYARLANMASI. T.C. BALIKESİR ÜNİVERSİTESİ, Master's Thesis.
MPFI-24 - French Validation
MPFI-24 - French ValidationMultidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory short form (MPFI-24) French Validation
Grégoire, S. et al (2020). Validation of the English and French versions of the multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory short form (MPFI-24). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.06.004 The French Translation of the MPFI is in Appendix A.
Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI)
Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (PPFI)Kashdan, T. B., Disabato, D. J., Goodman, F. R., Doorley, J. D., & McKnight, P. E. (2020). Understanding psychological flexibility: A multimethod exploration of pursuing valued goals despite the presence of distress. Psychological Assessment, 32(9), 829–850. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000834
Cherry, K.M., Vander Hoeven, E., Patterson, T.S., & Lumley, M.N. (2021). Defining and measuring “psychological flexibility”: A narrative scoping review of diverse flexibility and rigidity constructs and perspectives. Clinical Psychology Review, 84, 101973. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0272735821000167
The PPFI English version and in Persian version in this Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science article Appendix A.
PPFI - Chinese
PPFI - ChineseReferences:
Fang, S., Huang, M, Wang, Y. (2023). Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of personalized psychological flexibility index (C-PPFI) in college students. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 28, 23-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.03.008
Xia, W., Yan, M., Jiang, W., Ou, M., Xie, C., Liu, X., & Xu, X. (2023). Psychometric validation of the modified Chinese version of the personalized psychological flexibility index in patients with cancer. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 10(6), 100240. DOI: 10.1016/j.apjon.2023.100240.
PPFI - Persian
PPFI - PersianAkbari, M., Disabato, D., Seydavi, M. & Zamani, E. (2021). The Persian Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index (P-PPFI): Psychometric properties in a general population sample of Iranians. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22, 32-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.004 The Persian PPFI is in Appendix A.
PPFI - Turkish
PPFI - TurkishKimya, E., Hatun, O., & Ekşi, H. (2024). Dispositional hope, psychological flexibility, and psychological distress: Psychometric properties of the Personalized Psychological Flexibility Index among Turkish adults. Psychological Assessment, 36(4), e1–e12. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001303
Psy-Flex
Psy-FlexThe Psyflex is a six-item self-report questionnaire assessing all six processes involved in ACT in a state form with high temporal specificity (last week).
The Psy-Flex measure is available https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
References:
Benoy, C., Knitter, B., Schumann, I., Bader, K., Walter, M., & Gloster, A.T. (2019). Treatment sensitivity: Its importance in the measurement of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 121-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.07.005
Gloster, A.T. et al (2021) Psy-Flex: A contextually sensitive measure of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.001 The Psy-Flex measure is in the Appendix.
Validation of Psy-Flex for Adolescents (PsyFlex-A): Soares, R., Cunha, M., Massano-Cardoso, I., & Galhardo, A. (2023). Assessing psychological flexibility in adolescents: Validation of PsyFlex-A . Portuguese Journal of Behavioral and Social Research, 9(1), 1–18. DOI: 10.31211/rpics.2023.9.1.284
Jo, D., Seong, B., & Yang, E. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Psy-flex scale: A validation study in a community sample in Korea. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.09.004
Psy-Flex (Chinese)
Psy-Flex (Chinese)Psy-Flex Chinese version by: C. Y. Y. Chong
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
References:
Fang, S., Ding, D., Huang, M., & Zheng, Q. (2024). Chinese version of the Simplified Psychological Flexibility Scale-6 (C-Psy-Flex): study of its psychometric properties from the perspective of classical test theory and network analysis. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100769
Psy-Flex (Dutch)
Psy-Flex (Dutch)Psy-Flex Dutch version by: Tom Van Daele
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Finnish)
Psy-Flex (Finnish)Psy-Flex Finnish version by: Raimo Lappalainen
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (French)
Psy-Flex (French)Psy-Flex French version by Jean-Louis Monestès
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (German)
Psy-Flex (German)German Validation Study: Gloster, A.T. et al (2021) Psy-Flex: A contextually sensitive measure of psychological flexibility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 22, 13-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.09.001
The Psy-Flex German version is available at https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Greek)
Psy-Flex (Greek)Validation study: Paraskeva-Siamata, M., Spyridou, G., Gloster, A., & Karekla, M., (2018, July). Psyflex: Validation of a new psychological flexibility measure in a Greek-Cypriot sample. Poster presented at the Association of Contextual Behavior Science annual world conference, Montreal, Canada.
The Psy-Flex Greek version is available at https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Hebrew)
Psy-Flex (Hebrew)Psy-Flex Hebrew version by: D. Mouadeb
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/fileadmin/user_upload/psychologie/Abteilungen/Clinical_Psychology_and_Intervention_Science/docs/psy-flex/psy-flex-heb.pdf
Psy-Flex (Hungarian)
Psy-Flex (Hungarian)Psy-Flex Hungarian version by: Dorottya Őri
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Italian)
Psy-Flex (Italian)Psy-Flex Italian version by: Giovambattista Presti
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Korean)
Psy-Flex (Korean)Psy-Flex Korean version by: D. Jo
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
References
Jo, D., Seong, B., & Yang, E. (2023). Psychometric properties of the Psy-flex scale: A validation study in a community sample in Korea. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 30, 70-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.09.004 The Psy-Flex Korean version is in the Appendix.
Psy-Flex (Latvian)
Psy-Flex (Latvian)Psy-Flex Latvian version by: Jelena Lubenko
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Montenegrin)
Psy-Flex (Montenegrin)Psy-Flex Montenegrin version by: Iva Ivanovic
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Polish)
Psy-Flex (Polish)Psy-Flex Polish version by Bartosz Kleszcz
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Portuguese)
Psy-Flex (Portuguese)Portuguese version by: David Manuel Dias Neto & Ana Nunes da Silva
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Neto, D.D., Mouadeb, D., Lemos, N., Gloster, A. T., & Perez, W. F. (2024). Contextual similarities in psychological flexibility: the Brazil-Portugal transcultural adaptation of Psy-Flex. Current Psychology (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-06241-9
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-024-06241-9
References:
Cunha, M., Temido, A., Moniz, A., & Galhardo, A. (2024). Assessing psychological flexibility and mental health in adults: The Psy-Flex European Portuguese version. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100730. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100730
Cunha, M., Temido, A., Pinto-Gouveia, A., & Galhardo, A. (2023). Assessing psychological flexibility by the Psy-Flex and its relationship with mental health. European Psychiatry, 66(S1), S368-S369. DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.800
Cunha, M., & Temido, A. M. (2021). A versão Portuguesa da Psy-Flex [Manuscrito não publicado]. Instituto Superior Miguel Torga, Centro de Investigação em Neuropsicologia e Intervenção Cognitivo-comportamental da Universidade de Coimbra.
Psy-Flex (Romanian)
Psy-Flex (Romanian)Psy-Flex Romanian version by: Adriana Baban
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Slovenian)
Psy-Flex (Slovenian)Psy-Flex Slovenian version by: David Gosar
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Spanish)
Psy-Flex (Spanish)Psy-Flex Spanish version by Francisco Ruiz Jiménez, Maria Belén García-Martín & Miguel A. Segura-Vargas
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
References:
Navarrete, J., Rodríguez-Freire, C., Sanabria-Mazo, J. P., Martínez-Rubio, D., McCracken, L. M., Gallego, A., Sundstrom, F. T. A., Serrat, M., Alonso, J., Feliu-Soler, A., Nieto, R., & Luciano, J. V. (2024). Psychometric examination of the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory Short Form (MPFI-24) and the Psy-Flex Spanish versions in individuals with chronic pain. European Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.4704
Psy-Flex (Swedish)
Psy-Flex (Swedish)Psy-Flex Swedish version by: David Nilsson
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
Psy-Flex (Turkish)
Psy-Flex (Turkish)Psy-Flex Turkish version by: Gökçen Aydın
https://psychologie.unibas.ch/en/faculty/centers/clinical-psychology-and-intervention-science/research/research-projects/psy-flex/#c24662
References:
Yıldırım, M., Aziz, I.A. (2023). Turkish validation of the Psy-Flex Scale and its association with resilience and social support. Environment and Social Psychology, 8(1), 1513. DOI: 10.18063/esp.v8.i1.1513
Problem Specific Psychological Flexibility or Inflexibility Measures
Problem Specific Psychological Flexibility or Inflexibility MeasuresAAQ variations for specific problems
AAQ variations for specific problemsThe AAQ has been developed for specific disorders, syndromes, and types of chronic disease.
AADQ (Diabetes)
AADQ (Diabetes)Gregg, J.A., Callaghan. G.M., Hayes, S.C., & Glenn-Lawson, J.L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 336-343.
AADQ - Chinese
AADQ - ChineseXIE Chanjuan, XU Xianghua, OU Meijun, MAO Ting, CHEN Yongyi (2019) Chineseization and reliability and validity test of Diabetes Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. 护理研究, 1, 37-41. Article retrieved from CAOD.
AADQ - German
AADQ - GermanSchmitt, A., Gahr, A., Hermanns, N., Kulzer, B. & Haak, T. (2013). Evaluation der deutschen Fassung des Fragebogens AADQ zur Diabetesakzeptanz [Evaluation of the AADQ (German Version) in Measuring Diabetes Acceptance]. Diabetes, Stoffwechsel und Herz, 22, 9-15. The German AADQ is on page 10. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235768284_Evaluation_of_the_AADQ_German_Version_in_Measuring_Diabetes_Acceptance
AADQ - Japanese
AADQ - JapaneseSaito, J., Shoji, W. & Kumano, H. (2018) The reliability and validity for Japanese type 2 diabetes patients of the Japanese version of the acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire. BioPsychoSocial Medicine, 12, 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-018-0129-9
AADQ - Persian
AADQ - PersianRajaeiramsheh, F., Rezaie, Z., Davoudi, M. et al. (2021) Psychometric properties of the Persian versions of acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (AADQ) and the diabetes acceptance and action scale (DAAS), in Iranian youth with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00796-1 AADQ Persian Translation is in the article's Supplementary Information.
AADQ - Turkish
AADQ - TurkishKaradere, M. E., Yavuz, K. F., Asafov, E. Y., & Küçükler, F. K. (2019). Reliability and Validity of a Turkish Version of the Acceptance and Action Diabetes Questionnaire. Psychiatry investigation, 16(6), 418–424. https://doi.org/10.30773/pi.2019.02.26.2 The Turkish AADQ is in the Supplementary Material.
AAEpQ (Epilepsy)
AAEpQ (Epilepsy)Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Melin, L., & Kies, B. (2006). Evaluation of acceptance and commitment therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: a randomized controlled trial in South Africa—a pilot study. Epilepsia, 47(12), 2173-2179.
Lundgren, L., Dahl, J., & Hayes, S.C. (2008). Evaluation of mediators of change in the treatment of epilepsy with acceptance and commitment therapy. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 31(3), 225,235.
AAQ for Cancer
AAQ for CancerAAQ for use with cancer patients.
Arch, J.J. & Mitchell, J. L. (2016). An acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group intervention for cancer survivors experiencing anxiety at re-entry. Psycho-Oncology, 25(5), 610-615.
AAQ-ABI (acquired brain injury)
AAQ-ABI (acquired brain injury)The AAQ-ABI is a 9 item scale assessing both acceptance and avoidance of thoughts that may arise as a result of brain injury. It uses a 5-point Likert scale (0=’not at all true’ to 4=’very true’) with scores ranging from 0 to 36. Higher scores indicate greater psychological inflexibility. The AAQ-ABI correlates highly with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) (rs= .70, N= 75, p< .01) (Whiting et al., in press).
Citations:
Faulkner, J.W., Snell, D.L., Theadom, A., Mahon, S., Barker-Collo, S. & Skirrow, P. (2021) Psychological flexibility in mild traumatic brain injury: an evaluation of measures. Brain Injury, 35(9), 1103-1111, DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1959062
Whiting, D. L., Deane, F. P., Ciarrochi, J., McLeod, H. J., & Simpson, G. K. (2015). Validating measures of psychological flexibility in a population with acquired brain injury. Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 415–423. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000050
AAQ-ABI - Dutch
AAQ-ABI - DutchRauwenhoff, J., Peeters, F., Bol, Y., & Van Heugten, C. (2021). Measuring psychological flexibility and cognitive defusion in individuals with acquired brain injury. Brain Injury, 35(10), 1301-1307. DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2021.1972155
AAQ-AHL (Hearing Loss)
AAQ-AHL (Hearing Loss)Ong, C.W., Whicker, J.J., Muñoz, K., & Twohig, M.P. (2019). Measuring psychological inflexibility in adult and child hearing loss. International Journal of Audiology, 58(10), 643-650. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1630759
Yang, Y., Liu, Y., Xiao, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zhu, H., & Bian, J. (2022). Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss. International Journal of Audiology, 61 (10), 876-881. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.2002954
San Miguel, G.G., Muñoz, K., Barrett,T.S. & Twohig, M.P. (in press) Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss (AAQ-AHL): validation with hearing aid users. International Journal of Audiology. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2022.2142161
AAQ-AHL - Chinese
AAQ-AHL - ChineseYang, Y., Liu, Y., Xiao, Y., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Zhu, H., & Bian, J. (2021 in press) Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the Chinese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Adult Hearing Loss. International Journal of Audiology. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2021.2002954
AAQ-D (Depression)
AAQ-D (Depression)Cooper, E. A. (2009) Acceptance and commitment therapy and depression: the development of a depression specific process measure. DPsyc (Clin) dissertation, University of
Wollongong. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/795 The AAQ-D is in the appendix.
AAQ-Ex (Exercise)
AAQ-Ex (Exercise)Staats, S. B., & Zettle, R. D. (2011, November). The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Exercise (AAQ-Ex). Poster session presented at the meeting of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Toronto.
Staats, S. B., & Zettle, R. D. (2012, July). Exercise behavior and the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Exercise (AAQ-Ex). Poster session presented at the meeting of the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science, Washington, DC.
Staats, S. B. (2014). Development and Validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Exercise(Unpublished master's thesis). Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas.
Staats, S. B. (2014, June). Development and validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Exercise. In R. D. Zettle, Relevance of ACT processes in promoting health behaviors: Assessment and intervention: Contextual Medicine SIG sponsored. Symposium conducted at the world conference of the Association for Contextual Behavioral Science, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
***NOTE*** THE 15-ITEM VERSION IS PREFERRED. Please use this one if possible. See attached thesis for normative information on both 15- and 11-item versions (Table 26; p. 89). Thanks! :D
AAQ-Ex - Brazilian Portuguese version
AAQ-Ex - Brazilian Portuguese versionAAQ-EX Brazilian translation and adaptation: Lucena-Santos, Oliveira, & Pinto-Gouveia, 2014 This is translation has not been validated.
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
AAQ-II-P (Pain)
AAQ-II-P (Pain)Reneman MF, Kleen M, Trompetter HR, Schiphorst Preuper HR, Köke A, van Baalen B, Schreurs KM. (2014) Measuring avoidance of pain: validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II-pain version. Int J Rehabil Res, 37(2), 125-129. doi: 10.1097/MRR.0000000000000044
AAQ-II-P - Dutch
AAQ-II-P - DutchReneman, M. et al (2014). Measuring avoidance of pain validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II-pain version. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 37(2), 125-129. http://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0000000000000044
AAQ-II-P - German
AAQ-II-P - GermanMajeed R, Faust I, Hüppe M, & Hermann C. (2021). Messung von schmerzbezogener Erlebensvermeidung: Analyse des Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II-Pain bei Patienten mit chronischem Schmerz [Measurement of pain-related experiential avoidance: analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II-Pain in patients with chronic pain]. Schmerz, 35, 401–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-021-00537-6 The German Version of the AAQ-II-P is in Table 3.
AAQ-OC (Obsessions and Compulsions)
AAQ-OC (Obsessions and Compulsions)The AAQ for Obsessions and Compulsions (AAQ-OC) is a 13-item self-report measure of experiential avoidance in response to unwanted intrusive thoughts.
The original paper describing its psychometric properties is published here:
Jacoby, R. J., Abramowitz, J. A., Buchholz, J. L., Reuman, L., & Blakey S. M. (2018). Experiential avoidance in the context of obsessions: Development and validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions. Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, 19, 34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.07.003.
Abstract: The unwillingness to remain in contact with obsessions and anxiety (i.e., experiential avoidance, EA) may explain how normally occurring unwanted intrusive thoughts develop into clinical obsessions as seen in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Studies examining the relationship between EA and OC symptoms are mixed, potentially because the existing self-report measure of EA (i.e., the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, AAQ-II) is a general measure that does not adequately capture EA specific to obsessions and compulsions. Thus, we aimed to develop and evaluate an OC-specific version of the AAQ-II. First, we used exploratory factor analysis to empirically reduce an initial pool of 49 items (adapted from original AAQ-II items to reference “intrusive thoughts”) to 13 items. A two-factor solution (Valued Action and Willingness) provided the best fit to the data, accounting for 60.57% of the variance. Second, the reduced AAQ-OC was administered, along with other self-report measures, to an independent sample of adults. The AAQ-OC subscales evidenced good internal consistency as well as convergent, discriminant, and incremental validity. Future work examining the psychometric properties of the AAQ-OC in a clinical sample, as well as the measure's treatment sensitivity are needed.
The AAQ-OC is linked below in PDF format and is downloadable for members. All 13-items are summed to yield a total score of experiential avoidance in response to unwanted intrusive thoughts. There are also two subscales representing impairments in: Valued Action (sum of items 1, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, and 12) and Willingness (sum of items 2, 5, 7, 11, and 13).
Contact Dr. Ryan Jane Jacoby with questions or comments: rjjacoby@mgh.harvard.edu
References:
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
Jacoby, R. J., Abramowitz, J. A., Buchholz, J. L., Reuman, L., & Blakey S. M. (2018). Experiential avoidance in the context of obsessions: Development and validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Obsessions and Compulsions. Journal of Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders, 19, 34-43. doi: 10.1016/j.jocrd.2018.07.003.
AAQ-OC - Persian
AAQ-OC - PersianEsmail Soltani, et al. (2020) Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the acceptance and Action Questionnaire for obsessions and compulsions (AAQ-OC). Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders, 27, 100582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocrd.2020.100582
AAQ-S (Stigma)
AAQ-S (Stigma)The AAQ-S is a 21 item measure of psychological flexibility/inflexibility with stigmatizing thoughts. The measure includes two subscales (psychological flexibility and psychological inflexibility), which can be analyzed separately or combined into a total score.
The AAQ-S can be downloaded from the Utah State University ACT Research Group.
The citation for the measurement development/validation paper is:
Trigueros, R., Navarro-Gómez, N., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., & Cangas, A. J. (2020). Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S) in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 658. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020658
Levin, M.E., Luoma, J.B., Lillis, J., Hayes, S.C. & Vilardaga, R. (2014). Developing a measure of psychological flexibility with stigmatizing thoughts. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 21-26.
AAQ-S - Korean
AAQ-S - KoreanLee, H., Kwon, M., & Seo, K. (2021). Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S-K). Healthcare, 9(10),1355. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9101355
AAQ-S - Spanish
AAQ-S - SpanishValdivia-Salas, S., Martín-Albo, J., Cruz, A., Villanueva-Blasco, V.J., & Jiménez T.I. (2021) Psychological Flexibility With Prejudices Increases Empathy and Decreases Distress Among Adolescents: A Spanish Validation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–Stigma. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 3911. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565638
Trigueros, R., Navarro-Gómez, N., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., & Cangas, A. J. (2020). Factorial Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Stigma (AAQ-S) in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(2), 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020658 The AAQ-S Spanish translation is in Appendix A.
AAQ-SA (Substance abuse)
AAQ-SA (Substance abuse)The AAQ for Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA) is a measure of psychological flexibility in relation to substance misuse.
The original paper describing it pscychometric properties is:
Luoma, J. B., Drake, C., Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B. (2011). Substance Abuse and Psychological Flexibility: The Development of a New Measure. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(1), 3-13.
The paper can be downloaded here: http://contextualscience.org/node/5681
Below is the abstract of that study
Psychological flexibility is a relatively new clinical construct targeted by Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, a behavior analytic treatment incorporating mindfulness and values interventions, among other processes. Poor psychological flexibility has been shown to relate to clinical problems as well as normative life challenges, and efforts to increase psychological flexibility have correlated with improvements for a variety of psychological difficulties, including substance abuse. The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ) is currently the standard measure of psychological flexibility, but in substance misusing samples, has not shown adequate psychometric properties. Content-specific variants of the AAQ have been effective in other treatment domains, suggesting that a substance abuse focused version of the AAQ may be useful. This paper details the construction and initial validation of such a measure, the AAQ-SA, which demonstrated good internal consistency, factor structure, and construct validity. In addition, the AAQ-SA appeared to be empirically distinguishable from the AAQ. Future researchers are advised to address limitations of the current work and encouraged to expand the empirical database on substance abuse treatment with this new measure.
The measure is attached to this webpage along with scoring instructions.
AAQ-SA - Arabic
AAQ-SA - ArabicElkalla, Ibrahem & El-Gilany, Abdel-Hady & Elwasify, Mohamed. (2020). Acceptance and action questionnaire − substance abuse: translation into arabic, content validity and reliability. Egyptian Journal of Psychiatry, 41(2), 82-88.
Full Text available on the journal website.
AAQ-SA - French
AAQ-SA - FrenchIl s'agit d'une traduction libre du AAQ-SA et qui a été révisée par des membres francophones de la communauté ACBS. Pour usage clinique seulement car elle n'a pas été validée empiriquement. Utile auprès d'une population au prise avec des problématiques reliées à la consommation de drogues et/ou d'alcool.
AAQ-SA - Portuguese
AAQ-SA - PortugueseSequeira, F. & Galhardo, A. (2018) Questionário de Aceitação e Ação para Abuso de Substâncias: desenvolvimento da versão portuguesa, estudo exploratório da estrutura fatorial e propriedades psicométricas. ISMT, Dissertation. The Portuguese AAQ-SA is in the Appendix.
AAQ-SA - Spanish
AAQ-SA - SpanishHilda A. Sánchez-Millán, Alfredo Alicea-Cruz, Coralee Pérez Pedrogo (2021 in press) Measuring psychological flexibility: The cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the AAQ for substance abuse among Spanish speaking population in correctional and community settings. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.11.002 The Spanish version of the AAQ-SA items are in Appendix A.
Luis Ángel Pérez-Romero, Ariel Vite-Sierra (2020) Midiendo la flexibilidad psicológica: validación del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción en el abuso de drogas [Measuring the psychological flexibility: Validationof Acceptance and Action Questionnaire on substance abuse]. Psicología y Salud, 30(1), 95-104. https://doi.org/10.25009/pys.v30i1.2621
AAQ-SA - Turkish
AAQ-SA - TurkishUygur H, Yavuz KF, Eren I, Uygur OF, Selcuk M, Varsak N, Ozbek Yildirim S, Demirel B. (2020) Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA) on a Clinical Sample. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 30(1), 47-54. DOI: 10.5455/PCP.20200320085704
AAQ-SA - Urdu
AAQ-SA - UrduAn AAQ for Substance Abuse (AAQ-SA) was created in French by Habiba Ilyas and attached to this page. See the file for contact info.
AAQ-SI (suicidal Ideation)
AAQ-SI (suicidal Ideation)Boffa, J.W., Tock, J.L., Morabito, D.M. et al. Measuring Psychological Inflexibility of Suicidal Thoughts: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Suicidal Ideation (AAQ-SI). Cogn Ther Res (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-022-10309-w
AAQ-Sports
AAQ-SportsBisagni, D., Bisagni, M., & Vaccaro, M. (2018). Mindfulness e flessibilità psicologica nella pratica sportiva: validazione della versione italiana della State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) e della versione per lo sport dell’Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) [Mindfulness and psychological flexibility in sport practice: Validation of the italian version of the SMS-PA and the sports version of the AAQ-II]. Psicoterapia cognitiva e comportamentale, 24(2), 153-173.
AAQ-Sports - Italian
AAQ-Sports - ItalianBisagni, D., Bisagni, M., & Vaccaro, M. (2018). Mindfulness e flessibilità psicologica nella pratica sportiva: validazione della versione italiana della State Mindfulness Scale for Physical Activity (SMS-PA) e della versione per lo sport dell’Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ-II) [Mindfulness and psychological flexibility in sport practice: Validation of the italian version of the SMS-PA and the sports version of the AAQ-II]. Psicoterapia cognitiva e comportamentale, 24(2), 153-173.
AAQ-TS (Trauma Specific)
AAQ-TS (Trauma Specific)Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, T., Cunha, M., Duarte, J., Walser, R.D. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Trauma Specific (AAQ-TS): A study with Portuguese Colonial War Veterans. J Affect Disord., 185, 81-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.023
AAQ-TS - Portuguese version
AAQ-TS - Portuguese versionPinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, T., Cunha, M., Duarte, J., Walser, R.D. (2015). Psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-Trauma Specific (AAQ-TS): A study with Portuguese Colonial War Veterans. J Affect Disord., 185, 81-89.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.023
AAQ-TTM (Trichotillomania)
AAQ-TTM (Trichotillomania)Houghton DC, Compton SN, Twohig MP, et al. (2014). Measuring the role of psychological inflexibility in Trichotillomania. Psychiatry Research, 220(1-2):356-361. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.08.003.
AAQ-US (University Students)
AAQ-US (University Students)Levin, M.E., Krafft, J., Pistorello, J., & Seeley, J.R. (2019) Assessing psychological inflexibility in university students: Development and validation of the acceptance and action questionnaire for university students (AAQ-US). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 199-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.004 The AAQ-US can be downloaded from the Utah State University ACT Research Group.
AAQ-US - Portuguese
AAQ-US - PortugueseGalhardo, A., Neto, M., Monteiro, B. et al. (2022 in press). Psychological inflexibility in university students: the european portuguese version of the acceptance and action questionnaire—university students. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-04174-9
Machado, A.B.C., Zancan, R.K., & Oliveira, M.S. (2021). Adaptação do Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students (AAQ-US) para o Português Brasileiro [Adaptation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students (AAQ-US) for Brazilian Portuguese]. Contextos Clínicos, 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.4013/ctc.2021.143.13 The Portuguese translation of the AAQ-US items are in Tabela 1.
Neto, M.J.O. & Galhardo, A. (2020) Estudo da estrutura fatorial e propriedades psicométricas da versão portuguesa do Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – University Students (AAQ-US). ISMT, Dissertation. https://dspace.ismt.pt/handle/123456789/1211
AAQ-US - Spanish
AAQ-US - SpanishBarbosa Güiza, A. (2020.). Propiedades psicométricas del cuestionario aceptación y compromiso en estudiantes universitarios (AAQ-US) en el contexto colombiano. Escuela de Posgrados. Konrad Lorenz, Thesis.
AAQ-US - Turkish
AAQ-US - TurkishKuru, T., Karadere, M.E., Burhanm H.S., & Safak, Y. (2021) Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for University Students. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(1), 18-24. http://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20201202024935
AAQ-W (weight)
AAQ-W (weight)Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties. The scale and additional information (scoring instructions and a brief summary of psychometric properties) are attached below.
The AAQ-W can also be found on stevenchayes.com
References:
Lillis, J., & Hayes, S.C. (2008). Measuring avoidance and inflexibility in weight related problems. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 4(4), 348-354.
Weineland, S., Lillis, J., & Dahl, J. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance in a bariatric surgery population--psychometric properties of AAQ-W. Obesity research & clinical practice, 7(6), e464–e475.
Manwaring, J., Hilbert, A., Walden, K., Bishop, E. R., & Johnson, C. (2018). Validation of the acceptance and action questionnaire for weight-related difficulties in an eating disorder population. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 7, 1-7
References for AAQ-W Revised Versions:
Palmeira, L., Cunha, M., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, S., & Lillis, J. (2016) New developments in the assessment of weight-related experiential avoidance (AAQW-Revised). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(3), 193-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.06.001
Dochat, C., Afari, N., Wooldridge, J.S., Herbert, M.S., Gasperi, M., & Lillis, J. (2020) Confirmatory factor analysis of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties-Revised (AAQW-R) in a United States sample of adults with overweight and obesity. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 189-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.01.006
AAQ-W - Brazilian Portuguese version
AAQ-W - Brazilian Portuguese versionAAQ - W Tradução e adaptação brasileira: Lucena-Santos, Pinto-Gouveia, & Oliveira, 2014. This translation has not been validated.
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra
AAQ-W - Persian
AAQ-W - PersianPirmoradi, M.R., Asgharzadeh, A., Birashk, B. et al. (2021) Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the weight-related experiential avoidance (AAQW): overweight and obese treatment seeker at the clinical setting. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03352-6
AAQ-W - Spanish
AAQ-W - SpanishIturbe, I., Echeburúa, E., & Maiz, E. (2023 in press). Psychometric properties of the Spanish Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Weight-Related Difficulties-Revised (AAQW-R). Psychological assessment, 35(5), e12–e21. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001224
AAQ-W - Swedish
AAQ-W - SwedishWeineland, S., Lillis, J., & Dahl, J. (2013). Measuring experiential avoidance in a bariatric surgery population--psychometric properties of AAQ-W. Obesity research & clinical practice, 7(6), e464–e475.
AAQW-R Turkish
AAQW-R TurkishTurksih form of AAQW-R based on Palmeira's revised version of AAQ weight.
Burhan H. S. , Kuru, T. & (2023) RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY STUDY OF THE TURKISH VERSION OF THE ACCEPTANCE AND ACTION QUESTIONNAIRE FOR WEIGHT-REVISED. Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 12 (1), 65-70. doi:10.5455/JCBPR.127897
AAQH (Hoarding)
AAQH (Hoarding)Krafft, J., Ong, C.W., Twohig, M.P., Levin, M.E. (2019) Assessing psychological inflexibility in hoarding: The Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Hoarding (AAQH). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 234-242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.003 The AAQH is in the Appendix. The AAQH can be downloaded from the Utah State University ACT Research Group.
Ong, C.W., Krafft, J., Levin, M.E., & Michael P. Twohig, M.P. (2021). A systematic review and psychometric evaluation of self-report measures for hoarding disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 290, 136-148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.082
AIS (Smoking)
AIS (Smoking)The Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) assesses ACT processes in the context of cigarette smoking. Reference: Gifford, E. V., Antonuccio, D.O, Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., & Piasecki, M.M. (2002). Combining Bupropion SR with acceptance and commitment-based behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association for Advancement of Behavioral Therapy, Reno, NV.
Gifford, E.V., Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., Antonuccio, D.O., Piasecki, M.M., Rasmussen-Hall, M.L., & Palm, K.M. (2004). Acceptance-based treatment for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 35(4):689–705.
Farris, S.G., Zvolensky, M.J., DiBello, A.M., & Schmidt, N.B. (2015). Validation of the Avoidance and Inflexibility Scale (AIS) among treatment-seeking smokers. Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 467-477. http://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000059
AIS - Greek
AIS - GreekSavvides, S. N. (2014). Evaluating an acceptance and commitment therapy internet-based intervention for smoking cessation in young adults. Dissertation, University of Cyprus. Retrived from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39519 The Greek AIS is in the Appendix.
BI-AAQ (Body Image)
BI-AAQ (Body Image)Sandoz, E. K., Wilson, K. G., Merwin, R. M., & Kellum, K. (2013). Assessment of body image flexibility: The Body Image – Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2(1–2), 39-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.002
Acceptance and mindfulness components are increasingly incorporated into treatment for eating disorders with promising results. The development of measures of proposed change processes would facilitate ongoing scientific progress. The current series of studies evaluated one such instrument, the Body Image – Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (BI-AAQ), which was designed to measure body image flexibility. Study one focused on the generation and reduction of items for the BI-AAQ and a demonstration of construct validity. Body image flexibility was associated with increased psychological flexibility, decreased body image dissatisfaction, and less disordered eating. Study two demonstrated adequate internal consistency and test-retest reliability of BI-AAQ. Study three extended findings related to structural and construct validity, and demonstrated an indirect effect of body image dissatisfaction on disordered eating via body image flexibility. Research and clinical utility of the BI-AAQ are discussed. The BI-AAQ is proposed as a measure of body image flexibility, a potential change process in acceptance-oriented treatments of eating disorders.
The BI-AAQ is attached below in .pdf format below and is downloadable for members. All items are summed to yield a score for body image inflexibility or reverse-scored to yield a score for body image flexibility.
Also attached below is a modified version of the BI-AAQ that does not refer specifically to weight and shape.
Contact Emily Sandoz with questions or comments: emilysandoz@louisiana.edu
References:
Sandoz, E. K., Wilson, K. G., Merwin, R. M., & Kellum, K. (2013). Assessment of body image flexibility: The Body Image – Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2(1–2), 39-48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2013.03.002
Lee, E.B., Smith, B.M., Twohig, M.P., Lensegrav-Benson, T., & Quakenbush-Roberts, B. (2017). Assessment of the body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in a female residential eating disorder treatment facility. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(1), 21-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.11.004
Soulliard, Z.A. & Vander Wal, J. (2022). Measurement invariance and psychometric properties of three positive body image measures among cisgender sexual minority and heterosexual women. Body Image, 40, 146-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.002
BI-AAQ-5 Short Form
References:
Basarkod, G. Sahdra, B., & Ciarrochi, J. (2018). Body Image–Acceptance and Action Questionnaire–5: An Abbreviation Using Genetic Algorithms. Behavior Therapy, 49(3), 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.09.006
Soulliard, Z.A. & Vander Wal, J.S. (2022). Measurement invariance and psychometric properties of three positive body image measures among cisgender sexual minority and heterosexual women. Body Image, 40, 146-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.12.002
BI-AAQ - Arabic
BI-AAQ - ArabicAdel, S. (2019). فعالية برنامج عالجي بالتقبل وااللتزام لتحسين صورة الجسم لدى عينة من ذوات اضطراب الشره العصبى [Efficacy of ACT program to improve body image for Female Bulimia nervosa disorder]. Thesis: University of Alexandria. The Arabic BI-AAQ is in the appendix.
BI-AAQ - Chinese
BI-AAQ - ChineseHe, J., Cai, Z., Chen, X., Lu, T., & Fan, X. (2021). Validation of the Chinese Version of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and the Mediating Role of Body Image Flexibility in the Relationship Between Body Dissatisfaction and Psychological Distress. Behavior Therapy, 52(3), 2021, 539-551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2020.07.003
BI-AAQ - Greek
BI-AAQ - GreekKarekla, M., Mavrakia, E.Z., Nikolaoua, P., & Koushioua, M. (2019). Validation of the Greek Version of the Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. The European Journal of Counselling Psychology, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.5964/ejcop.v8i1.173 The BI-AAQ Greek Translation is in the Appendix.
BI-AAQ - Persian
BI-AAQ - PersianGivehki, R. et al. (2020) Psychometric Properties of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire in Patients with Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders in Kashan City. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 14 (2), e69889. http://doi.org/10.5812/ijpbs.69889
Izaadi, A., Karimi, J., & Rahmani, M. (2013) Psychometric Analysis of Persian Version of Body Image flexibility Questionnaire (BI-AAQ) among University students. Hayat, 19 (3), 56-69.
BI-AAQ - Portuguese
BI-AAQ - PortugueseReferences:
Lucena-Santos, P., Carvalho, S.A., da Silva Oliveira, M., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: su nociva influencia en la ingesta compulsiva y validación psicométrica. [Body-Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: Its deleterious influence on binge eating and psychometric validation.] International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 17, 151-160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2017.03.001 The article is open access.
Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2011) The Validation of the Body Image Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: Exploring the Moderator Effect of Acceptance on Disordered Eating. InternatIonal Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 11(3), 327-345.
BI-AAQ - Spanish
BI-AAQ - SpanishHernández-López, M., Cepeda-Benito, A., Geist, T., Torres-Dotor, P., Pomichter, E., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2024). Validation of the Spanish version of the body image acceptance and action questionnaire (BI-AAQ-Spanish): Measurement invariance across cultures. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 32, 100755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100755 The BI-AAQ-Spanish and BI-AAQ-5 are in the Appendix.
CIAQ (Chronic Illness)
CIAQ (Chronic Illness)Beacham, A.O., Linfield, K., Kinman, C.R., Payne-Murphy, J. (2015). The chronic illness acceptance questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis and prediction of perceived disability in an online chronic illness support group sample. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4 (2), 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2015.03.001
CVD-AAQ (Cardiovascular Disease)
CVD-AAQ (Cardiovascular Disease)Spatola, C.A., Cappella, E.A., Goodwin, C.L., Baruffi, M., Malfatto, G., Facchini, M., et al. (2014) Development and initial validation of the Cardiovascular Disease Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (CVD-AAQ) in an Italian sample of cardiac patients. Front
Psychol, 5, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01284
CVD-AAQ - Italian
CVD-AAQ - ItalianSpatola, C. A., Cappella, E. A., Goodwin, C. L., Baruffi, M., Malfatto, G., Facchini, M., Castelnuovo, G., Manzoni, G. M., & Molinari, E. (2014). Development and initial validation of the Cardiovascular Disease Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (CVD-AAQ) in an Italian sample of cardiac patients. Frontiers in psychology, 5, 1284. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01284
DAAS-R (Diabetes)
DAAS-R (Diabetes)This page hosts the adaptation that David Gillanders and Estelle Barker made of the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Questionnre: The DAAS-R. The measure is freely available to members of ACBS for clinical and research purposes (non commercial), with appropriate acknowledgements and citations of the work. The article describing the DAAS-R is available online at JCBS. The citation is:
Gillanders, D. T. & Barker, E. (2019). Development and initial validation of a short form of the Diabetes Acceptance and Action Scale: The DAAS-Revised (DAAS-R). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.005
Attached is the author's copy of the manuscript and the final questionnaire.
DAAS - Persian
DAAS - PersianRajaeiramsheh, F., Rezaie, Z., Davoudi, M. et al. (2021) Psychometric properties of the Persian versions of acceptance and action diabetes questionnaire (AADQ) and the diabetes acceptance and action scale (DAAS), in Iranian youth with type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Metab Disord. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00796-1 DAAS Persian Translation is in the article's Supplementary Information.
EACQ (Caregiving)
EACQ (Caregiving)Losada, A., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., & López, J. (2014). Development and validation of the Experiential Avoidance in Caregiving Questionnaire (EACQ). Aging & mental health, 18(7), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.896868
EACQ - French
EACQ - FrenchClotilde Larochette. (2020) Accompagner les proches-aidants confrontés à la maladie d’Alzheimer ou à un trouble apparenté : vers un programme en ligne centré sur la pleine conscience, la psychologie positive et l’acceptation. Psychologie, Université de Lille.
EACQ - Japanese
EACQ - JapaneseHiroshi Morimoto, Naoko Kishita, Hikaru Kondo, Nélida Tanaka, Yu Abe, & Takashi Muto (2023). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the experiential avoidance in caregiving questionnaire (EACQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 27, 160-169. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.02.003 The Japanese version of the EACQ is in Appendix A.
EACQ - Spanish
EACQ - SpanishLosada, A., Márquez-González, M., Romero-Moreno, R., & López, J. (2014). Development and validation of the Experiential Avoidance in Caregiving Questionnaire (EACQ). Aging & mental health, 18(7), 897–904. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2014.896868
FAAQ (Food craving)
FAAQ (Food craving)FAAQ
Adrienne Juarascio, Evan Forman, C. Alix Timko, Meghan Butryn, Christina Goodwin (2011). The development and validation of the food craving acceptance and action questionnaire (FAAQ). Eating Behaviors, 12(3), 182-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2011.04.008
Murray, H. B., Zhang, F., Manasse, S. M., Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., & Juarascio, A. S. (2022). Validation of the food craving Acceptance and action questionnaire (FAAQ) in a weight loss-seeking sample. Appetite, 168, 105680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105680 (Revised 7-item FAAQ.)
Brazilian Portuguese version
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos. E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
FAAQ - Brazilian Portuguese version
FAAQ - Brazilian Portuguese versionBrazilian Portuguese version
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos. E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
FAAQ - Spanish
FAAQ - SpanishManchón, J., Quiles, M., & López-Roig, S. (2021). The Role of Acceptance in Eating Behaviors-Spanish Validation of Food Craving Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (FAAQ-S). Frontiers in psychology, 12, 717886. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.717886
I-AAQ (Interpersonal Interactions)
I-AAQ (Interpersonal Interactions)AAQ version targetting difficulties in interpersonal interactions
IBSAAQ (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)
IBSAAQ (Irritable Bowel Syndrome)The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. The scale and additional information (scoring instructions and a brief summary of psychometric properties) are attached below.
Please contact Nuno Ferreira for further information.
MSAQ (multiple sclerosis)
MSAQ (multiple sclerosis)Pakenham, K.I., & Fleming, M. (2011). Relations between acceptance of multiple sclerosis and positive and negative adjustments. Psychology & Health, 26: 1292-1309. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2010.517838
PAAQ (Parental)
PAAQ (Parental)Cheron DM, Ehrenreich JT, Pincus DB. (2009) Assessment of parental experiential avoidance in a clinical sample of children with anxiety disorders. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev, 40(3):383-403.
Click here for translations of the PAAQ: https://contextualscience.org/parental_acceptance_and_action_questionnaire_paaq
PFSS (Psychological Flexibility in Sport Scale)
PFSS (Psychological Flexibility in Sport Scale)Johles, L., Gustafsson, H., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Classon, C., Hasselqvist, J. & Lundgren, T. (2020) Psychological Flexibility Among Competitive Athletes: A Psychometric Investigation of a New Scale. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, 110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.0011 The PFSS was inspired by the AAQ-II and adapted to the sport context to measure the construct of psychological flexibility and the degree to which a person avoids distressing thoughts, emotions, behaviors, or memories. PFSS items are rated on a Likert-type scale ranging from 1 (never true) to 7 (always true).
PFSS - Persian
PFSS - PersianBadinlou, F., Badami, R., Reinebo, G. et al. (2022). The Persian version of the psychological flexibility in sport scale: a psychometric study. BMC Psychology, 10, 250. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00962-x
PFSS - Swedish
PFSS - SwedishJohles, L., Gustafsson, H., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Classon, C., Hasselqvist, J. & Lundgren, T. (2020) Psychological Flexibility Among Competitive Athletes: A Psychometric Investigation of a New Scale. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, 110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.00110
SA-AAQ (Social Anxiety)
SA-AAQ (Social Anxiety)Social Anxiety specific AAQ
MacKenzie, M. B. & Kocovski, N. L. (2010). Self-reported acceptance of social anxiety symptoms: Development and validation of the Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 214 – 232.
The original article and measure/scoring instructions are attached below.
B-SA-AAQ (Brief Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire)
B-SA-AAQ (Brief Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire)The SA-AAQ has been evaluated and a shorter version is now available. The Brief Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire is attached below.
MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., Blackie, R. A., Carrique, L. C., Fleming, J. E., & Antony, M. M. (2017). Development of a brief version of the Social Anxiety – Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 39, 342-354.
Turkish Version of the Brief Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire
Turkish Version of the Brief Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action QuestionnaireReliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Brief Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire
Furkan Bahadır Alptekin, Hüseyin Şehit Burhan, Tacettin Kuru
Objective: Experiential avoidance is closely related to social anxiety, which is a condition characterized by intense fear in social situations, including social interactions and performing in front of others.
Material and Methods: The sample of this study consisted of 113 people. The data were obtained using a demographic form, Brief Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (B-SA-AAQ), Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), and hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Internal consistency and item-total correlation were evaluated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test the factor structure. Temporal stability was assessed using the test-retest method.
Results: The Turkish adaptation of the B-SA-AAQ was found to have good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.899. CFA indicated a two-factor structure with acceptable fit indices [χ2: 22.8, degrees of freedom: 13; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA): 0.0817; RMSEA 90% confidence interval (CI) lower bond: 0.013, RMSEA 90% CI upper bond: 0.136, CFI: 0.978; Tucker-Lewis index: 0.965)]. The B-SA-AAQ and its subscales were significantly correlated with the AAQ-II and HADS (p<0.05). The results of the test-retest correlation analysis indicated temporal stability.
Conclusion: Therefore, the B-SA-AAQ is a reliable and valid scale for measuring experiential avoidance and psychological flexibility in the context of social anxiety.
Keywords: Acceptance and commitment therapy, social phobia, anxiety, depression
Citation: Furkan Bahadır Alptekin, Hüseyin Şehit Burhan, Tacettin Kuru (2023). Reliability and Validity Study of the Turkish Version of the Brief Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Cam and Sakura Med J, 3(1), 6-11.
DOI: 10.4274/csmedj.galenos.2023.2022-12-2
SA-AAQ - Korean
SA-AAQ - KoreanKim Ki-Whan, Kwon Seok-Man (2013) 한국판 사회불안 수용 행동 질문지의 타당화 연구 [Validation of the Korean Version of the Social Anxiety-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire]. 인지행동치료, 13, 3, 489 ~ 510.
SA-AAQ - Persian Version
SA-AAQ - Persian VersionSoltani, E., Bahrainian, S. A., Masjedi Arani, A., Farhoudian, A., & Gachkar, L. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Social Anxiety - Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Iranian journal of psychiatry and behavioral sciences, 10(2), e3753. https://doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs.3753
SA-AAQ - Portuguese
SA-AAQ - PortugueseTomé, F.R. (2014) Como estar entre os outros?: o álcool como uma estratégia de evitamento experiencial na ansiedade social. Universidade de Coimbra, Dissertation. The Portuguese SA-AAQ items are in the dissertation.
SA-AAQ - Thai
SA-AAQ - ThaiSiripanit K., Pisitsungkagarn, K. (2017, March). An Initial Development of the Thai Version of the Social Anxiety – Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (SA-AAQ) for Undergraduate Students. The Asian Conference on Psychology & the Behavioral Sciences 2017. Kobe, Japan. The Thai version of the SA-AAQ is in the appendix.
SPAQ (Sleep)
SPAQ (Sleep)Bothelius, K., Jernelöv, S., Fredrikson, M., McCracken, L. M., & Kaldo, V. (2015). Measuring Acceptance of Sleep Difficulties: The Development of the Sleep Problem Acceptance Questionnaire. Sleep, 38(11), 1815–1822. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.5170
TA-AAQ-A (Test Anxiety)
TA-AAQ-A (Test Anxiety)Pires, C. P., Putwain, D. W., Hofmann, S. G., Martins, D. S., MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., & Salvador, M. C. (2020). Assessing psychological flexibility in test situations: The Test Anxiety Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Adolescents [Monograph Innovaciones en la Evaluación de los Problemas Emocionales en Niños y Adolescentes]. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology/Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 25(3), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.29014
TA-AAQ-A - Portuguese
TA-AAQ-A - PortuguesePires, C. P., Putwain, D. W., Hofmann, S. G., Martins, D. S., MacKenzie, M. B., Kocovski, N. L., & Salvador, M. C. (2020). Assessing psychological flexibility in test situations: The Test Anxiety Acceptance and Action Questionnaire for Adolescents [Monograph Innovaciones en la Evaluación de los Problemas Emocionales en Niños y Adolescentes]. Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Psychology/Revista de Psicopatología y Psicología Clínica, 25(3), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.5944/rppc.29014
TAAQ (Teachers)
TAAQ (Teachers)Galhardo, A., Carvalho, B., Massano-Cardoso, I., Cunha, M. (2020). Assessing teacher-related experiential avoidance: Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Teachers Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (TAAQ-PT). International Journal of School & Educational Psychology,1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/21683603.2020.1760978
Hinds, E., Jones, L. B., Gau, J. M., Forrester, K. K., & Biglan, A. (2015). Teacher distress and the role of experiential avoidance. Psychology in the Schools, 52(3), 284–297. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.21821
TAAQ - Japanese
TAAQ - JapaneseKoh, Y., Iwasawa, N., Inoue, K., & Ohtsuki, T. (2024). Development and validation of a Japanese version of the Teachers Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 31, 100726. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100726
TAAQ - Portuguese
TAAQ - PortugueseCarvalho, B.A.F. & Galhardo, A. (2018) Questionário de Aceitação e Ação para Professores: desenvolvimento da versão portuguesa, estudo da estrutura fatorial e propriedades psicométricas. ISMT, Dissertation. The Portuguese TAAQ is in Appendix D.
TAQ (Tinnitus)
TAQ (Tinnitus)Tinnitus specific AAQ.
References:
Weise, C., Kleinstäuber, M., Hesser, H., Zetterqvist Westin, V. & Andersson, G. (2013). Acceptance of Tinnitus: Validation of the Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 42(2), 100-115. DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2013.781670
Westin, V., Hayes, S. C., & Andersson, G. (2008). Is it the sound or your relationship to it? The role of acceptance in predicting tinnitus impact. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 1259-1265. .
TAQ - Czech
TAQ - CzechKřenková, B. (2021). Vliv chronického tinnitu a míry jeho přijetí na vnímanou úroveň kognitivního výkonu. Thesis: Masarykova Univerzita. Retrieved from https://is.muni.cz/th/v4wyl/ The Czech version of Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire TAQ is in the Appendix.
TAQ - Japanese
TAQ - JapaneseTakabatake, S., Takahashi, M., Kabaya, K., Sekiya, Y., Sekiya, K., Harata, I., Kondo, M., et al. (2022). Validation of the Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire: Japanese Version. Audiology Research, 12(1), 66–76. http://doi.org/10.3390/audiolres12010006
VAAS (Auditory Hallucinations)
VAAS (Auditory Hallucinations)The Voices Acceptance and Action Questionnaire.
Reference: Shawyer, F., Ratcliff, K., Mackinnon, A., Farhall, J., Hayes, S.C. & Copolov, D. (2007). The voices acceptance and action scale (VAAS): Pilot data. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(6), 593–606.
VAAS - French
VAAS - FrenchLanglois T, Sanchez-Rodriguez R, Klein R, et al. (2020) [Acceptance of "voices" in people with or without psychiatric disorders: Francophone validation of the 9-item VAAS scale]. L'encephale,46(6):443-449. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.009
VAAS - Portuguese
VAAS - PortugueseMartins, M., Castilho, P., Macedo, A., Pereira, A., Vagos, P., Carvalho, D., Pascoal, C., & Carvalho, C. (2018). A pilot study of the Portuguese version of the Voices Acceptance and Action Scale: Psychometric properties in a clinical sample with psychosis-spectrum disorders. Analise Psicologica, 37(1). DOI: 10.14417/ap.1561
VAAS - Swedish
VAAS - SwedishUtvecklad av David Copolov mfl. Den svenska översättningen är gjord av Mårten Tyrberg, vid Psykosmottagningen Öster, Västmanlands Sjukhus, tillsammans med Sandra Bates och Tobias Lundgren.
Du hittar instrumentet här.
VAAS - Turkish
VAAS - TurkishMerve Terzioğlu*, K. Fatih Yavuz (2018) Turkish Version of Voices Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (VAAS): Preliminary Analysis of Reliability and Validity. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 16.
WAAQ (work)
WAAQ (work)Bond, F. W., Lloyd, J., & Guenole, N. (2012). The work-related acceptance and action questionnaire (WAAQ): Initial psychometric findings and their implications for measuring psychological flexibility in specific contexts. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 1-25.
For the full text of the article, follow this link: http://contextualscience.org/WAAQ_Bond_Lloyd_Guenola
Use of the WAAQ: Permission is hereby given to use the WAAQ for IRB/ethics-required research projects that occur in university and non-profit research institutions; in such cases, further author permission is not required. If, however, the WAAQ is to be used in any part of a money making enterprise (e.g., consultancy to organizations), the authors require that you seek their permission before using the measure. —Professor Frank Bond, Dr. Jo Lloyd, Goldsmiths College, University of London, 9, June 2020
WAAQ - Chinese
WAAQ - ChineseXu, X., Liu, X., Ou, M., Xie, C., & Chen Y.Z. (2018). Psychological flexibility of nurses in a cancer hospital: Preliminary validation of a chinese version of the work-related acceptance and action questionnaire. ASIA-PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY NURSING, 5, 83-90. Available from: https://www.apjon.org/text.asp?2018/5/1/83/221482 The Chinese version of WAAQ is in Appendix 2.
WAAQ - Japanese
WAAQ - Japanese戸澤 杏奈, 松永 美希, 土屋 政雄, 中山 真里子, 熊野 宏昭 (2023 in press). 日本語版Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire(WAAQ)の作成と信頼性・妥当性の検討. 認知行動療法研究. [Anna Tozawa, Miki Matsunaga, Masao Tsuchiya, Mariko Nakayama, Hiroaki Kumano (2023 in press). Development of a Japanese Version of the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Examination of Its Reliability and Validity. Japanese Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.] DOI: 10.24468/jjbct.21-028
WAAQ - Portuguese
WAAQ - PortuguesePinto, V. N., Ferreira, M. C., & Valentini, F. (2015). Evidências de Validade da Escala de Flexibilidade Psicológica no Trabalho em Amostras Brasileiras. Psico, 46(3), 362-373. https://doi.org/10.15448/1980-8623.2015.3.18679 The Portuguese Escala de Flexibilidade Psicológica no Trabalho (WAAQ) is in the Appendix.
WAAQ - Spanish
WAAQ - SpanishReferences:
Bravo, D.M., Suárez-Falcón, J.C., Bianchi-Salguero, J.M., Gil-Luciano, B., & Ruiz, J. (2023). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of the Work-Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) in a Colombian sample. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 23(3), 301-312. https://www.ijpsy.com/volumen23/num3/649.html
Ponce, M.C. & Villar, E. (2022). VALIDACIÓN DEL “CUESTIONARIO DE ACEPTACIÓN Y ACCIÓN LABORAL”(WAAQ) CON ESTUDIANTES UNIVERSITARIOS. Behavioral Psychology / Psicología Conductual, 30(1), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.51668/bp.8322111s
Ruiz, F. J., & Odriozola-González, P. (2014). Versión española del Cuestionario de Aceptación y Acción Relacionado con el Trabajo (WAAQ). Psicothema, 26(1).
WAAQ - Swedish
WAAQ - SwedishHolmberg, J. et al (2019). Evaluating the psychometric characteristics of the Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) in a sample of healthcare professionals. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 103-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.010
Abstract
The Work-related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (WAAQ) has been developed to assess psychological flexibility in occupational settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability and validity of the Swedish translation of WAAQ in a sample of 184 healthcare professionals. A principal component analysis supported a one-factor-solution, explaining 53.8% of the overall multivariate variability. WAAQ showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.85) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.85). Validity was assessed by analysing the relationship between WAAQ and other work-related constructs. Spearman's rank correlations illustrated a significant negative relationship between WAAQ and perceived stress and a significant positive correlation with work engagement. Results from the study are consistent with previous studies on WAAQ, supporting the use of the Swedish translation of the instrument among healthcare professionals.
WAAQ - Turkish
WAAQ - TurkishAydın, G., Aydın, Y. & Karacan Özdemir, N. (2020). İş Yaşamında Kabul ve Eylem Formu: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması [Work-Related Acceptance and Action Questionnaire: Reliability and Validity Study of Turkish Version]. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 3(1), 32-54.
Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale (BIPIS)
Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale (BIPIS)Callaghan, G.M., Sandoz, E.K., Darrow, S.M., & Feeney, T.K. (2015). The Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale: Development and psychometric properties. Psychiatry Research, 226(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2014.11.039
BIPIS - Korean
BIPIS - KoreanKim J-C. (2019) 신체상에 대한 심리적 경직성이 신체변형장애 증상에 미치는 영향 [The effect of psychological rigidity on body image on the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder]. Thesis. The Korean BIPIS is in Table 3.
BIPIS - Persian
BIPIS - PersianAmiri, S. & Yaghoubi, A.. (2017) Psychometric Properties of Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, 23 (1), 94-107. https://doi.org/10.18869/NIRP.IJPCP.23.1.94
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)
Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E., & Eccleston, C. (2004) Acceptance of chronic pain: component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107(1–2), 159-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2003.10.012
Reneman, M.F., Dijkstra, A., Geertzen, J.H., & Dijkstra, P.U. (2010). Psychometric properties of Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaires: A systematic review. European Journal of Pain, 14, 457-465. DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2009.08.003
CPAQ - Arabic
CPAQ - ArabicAl-Arfaj, S.K., Abdallah A.F., & Abdulla, F.A. (2023 in press). Psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire (CPAQ) in a sample of patients with chronic pain. Disability and Rehabilitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2023.2293987
CPAQ - Chinese
CPAQ - ChineseCheung MN, Wong TC, Yap JC, Chen PP. (2009) Validation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) in Cantonese-speaking Chinese patients. J Pain, 9(9):823-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2008.04.005
Liu, Y., Wang, L., Wei, Y., Wang, X., Xu, T., & Sun, J. (2016). Validation of a Chinese version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CAPQ) and CPAQ-8 in chronic pain patients. Medicine, 95(33), e4339. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004339
CPAQ - Czech
CPAQ - CzechKlocek, A., Řiháček, T., & Cígler, H. (2023). Measuring symptom acceptance: Psychometric evaluation of ‘chronic pain acceptance questionnaire – symptoms’ in a Czech clinical sample. Československá Psychologie, 67(1), 50-62. https://doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.67.1.50
CPAQ - Danish
CPAQ - Danishla Cour, P., & Højsted, J. (2015). Validation of the Danish-language chronic pain acceptance questionnaire. Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 59(10), 1377–1386. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12567
CPAQ - Finnish
CPAQ - FinnishOjala, T., Piirainen, A., Sipilä, K., Suutama, T., & Häkkinen, A. (2013). Reliability and validity study of the Finnish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ). Disability and rehabilitation, 35(4), 306–314. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.694572 The Finnish Translation of the CPAQ is in Appendix 1.
CPAQ - German Validation
CPAQ - German ValidationNilges, P., Köster, B. & Schmidt, C.O. (2007) Schmerzakzeptanz – Konzept und Überprüfung einer deutschen Fassung des Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Schmerz, 21, 57–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00482-006-0508-1
CPAQ - Greek Validation
CPAQ - Greek ValidationVasiliou, V. S., Karekla, M., Michaelides, M. P., & Kasinopoulos, O. (2018). Construct validity of the G-CPAQ and its mediating role in pain interference and adjustment. Psychological Assessment, 30(2), 220–230. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000467
CPAQ - Italian Validation
CPAQ - Italian ValidationReferences:
Bernini, O., Rivas, T., & Berrocal, C. (2014). The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire: Preliminary evidence for the predictive validity of patients’ subgroups. Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies, 14(1), 3–20.
Monticone M, Ferrante S, Rocca B, Nava T, Parini C, Cerri C. (2013). Chronic pain acceptance questionnaire: confirmatory factor analysis, reliability, and validity in Italian subjects with chronic low back pain. Spine, 38(13):E824-31. http://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182917299
Bernini, O., Pennato, T., Cosci, F., &Berrocal, C. (2010). The Psychometric Properties of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire in Italian Patients with Chronic Pain. Journal of Health Psychology, 15(8):1236-1245. http://doi.org/10.1177/1359105310365576
CPAQ - Japanese
CPAQ - JapaneseTakaki Fukumori, Kengo Fujishima, Kazunori Iwasa, Yumiko Takao, Yukino Kobayashi, & Hiroyuki Nishie (2023). Validation of the Japanese version of the 8-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ-8). The Journal of Medical Investigation, 70, 88-93. The Japanese version of the CPAQ-8 is in Table 1.
Kengo Fujishima, Takaki Fukumori, Stevetoshihisa Fukuda (2017) Development of the Japanese version of Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8 (CPAQ-8J): In a sample of university students with chronic pain. The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, 2017, Volume 81, The 81st Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Session ID 1B-033, Pages 1B-033. https://doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.81.0_1B-033
CPAQ - Korean
CPAQ - KoreanCho, S., Heiby, E. M., McCracken, L. M., Moon, D. E., & Lee, J. H. (2012). Psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire in chronic pain patients. Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation, 21(6), 1059–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-011-0010-9
CPAQ - Norwegian
CPAQ - NorwegianEide, H., Leren, L., & Sørebø, Ø. (2017). The Norwegian versions of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire CPAQ-20 and CPAQ-8 - validation and reliability studies. Disability and rehabilitation, 39(14), 1441–1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1198427
CPAQ - Persian
CPAQ - PersianMesgarian, F; Asghari, A; Shaeiri, MR; Broumand, A. (2012). The Persian Version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.1769
Ebrahimi, A., Afshar-Zanjani, H., Goli, F., Rohafza, H. R., & Nasiri Dehsorkh, H. (2022). Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire in Patients with Chronic Pain in Isfahan, Tehran, and Yazd, Iran. International Journal of Body, Mind and Culture, 8(1), 65-74. Retrieved from https://ijbmc.org/index.php/ijbmc/article/view/251
CPAQ - Portuguese
CPAQ - PortugueseCosta, J. & Pinto Gouveia, J. (2009). Aceitação da dor. Abordagem do Chronic Pain Accepatnce Questionnaire (McCracken, Vowles & Eccleston, 2004) na população portuguesa com dor. Revista Psicologia, 23(1), 103-126.
CPAQ - Russian
CPAQ - Russian CommunityCPAQ - Spanish
CPAQ - SpanishRodero, B., García-Campayo, J., Casanueva, B., del Hoyo, Y. L., Serrano-Blanco, A., & Luciano, J. V. (2010). Validation of the Spanish version of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) for the assessment of acceptance in fibromyalgia. Health and quality of life outcomes, 8, 37. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-8-37
Sánchez-Rodríguez, E., de la Vega, R., Racine, M., Roy, R., Jensen, M. P., & Miró, J. (2019). Support for the Spanish version of the CPAQ-8 as a measure of chronic pain acceptance. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 25(5), 881–888. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13092
CPAQ - Swedish
CPAQ - Swedish CommunityCPAQ 20 items - Swedish
CPAQ 20 items - SwedishThe Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) avser att mäta acceptans av långvarig smärta och inkluderar två skalor: Activities engagement och Pain willingness. Activities engagement handlar om att utföra betydelsefulla aktiviteter oavsett smärtan. Formuläret är utvecklat av Lance McCracken och medarbeteare. Den svenska versionen är översatt av Rikard Wiksell och medarbetare. Du hittar instrumentet här.
Referenser:
[1] Wicksell RK, Olsson GL & Melin L . (2009) The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ)-further validation including a confirmatory factor analysis and a comparison with the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia. European Journal of Pain, 13, 760–768. Se artikeln här.
[2] McCracken, L.M., Vowles, K.E. & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107, 159-66. Se artikeln här.
CPAQ-8 - Swedish
CPAQ-8 - SwedishRovner, G.; Årestedt, K.; Gerdle, B.; Börsbo, B. & McCracken, L.M. (2014). Psychometric properties of the 8-item Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ - 8) in a Swedish Chronic Pain Cohort. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 46(1), 73-80. Se artikeln här.
CPAQ - Turkish
CPAQ - TurkishHazel Ekin Akmaz, Meltem Uyar, Yasemin Kuzeyli Yıldırım, Esra Akın Korhan (2018). Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Balkan Medical Journal, 35(3), 238-244. DOI: 10.4274/balkanmedj.2016.1998
Zure, M., Menekşeoğlu, A.K., & Ketenci, A. (2023). Validation of the Turkish Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire-8. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, 69(x), i-vi. DOI: 10.5606/tftrd.2023.10857
CPAQ Excel Scoring File
CPAQ Excel Scoring FileI created this simple little excel file to automate the scoring of the CPAQ. Just input the raw ratings & it take care of the reverse scoring & summing.
I hope you find it useful.
~Scott Rower
Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ)
Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ)The Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ) is a 20-item self-report assessment adapted from the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ).
References:
Moreland, J. E. N. (2007). Illness Representations, Acceptance, Coping and Psychological Distress in Chronic Tinnitus. University of Leicester. Thesis. https://hdl.handle.net/2381/9098 The CTAQ is in the Appendix.
Moschen, R., et al (2019). Validation of the Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ-I): the Italian version. ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 39(2). DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-2144
Riedl, D., Rumpold, G., Schmidt, A., Zorowka, P. G., Bliem, H. R., & Moschen, R. (2015). The influence of tinnitus acceptance on the quality of life and psychological distress in patients with chronic tinnitus. Noise & health, 17(78), 374–381. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.165068
CTAQ - German
CTAQ - GermanReferences:
Riedl, D., Rumpold, G., Schmidt, A., Zorowka, P. G., Bliem, H. R., & Moschen, R. (2015). The influence of tinnitus acceptance on the quality of life and psychological distress in patients with chronic tinnitus. Noise & health, 17(78), 374–381. https://doi.org/10.4103/1463-1741.165068
CTAQ - Italian
CTAQ - ItalianMoschen, R., et al (2019). Validation of the Chronic Tinnitus Acceptance Questionnaire (CTAQ-I): the Italian version. ACTA Otorhinolaryngologica Italica, 39(2). DOI: 10.14639/0392-100X-2144
Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire (HAQ)
Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire (HAQ)The HAQ measures psychological acceptance among individuals with hearing problems.
Molander, P., Andersson, G., & Hesser, H. (2022). Psychological Acceptance in Adults With Hearing Loss—Psychometric Evaluation and Validation of the Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire. Ear and Hearing, 43(6), 1752-1760. DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001245
HAQ - Swedish
HAQ - SwedishMolander, P., Andersson, G., & Hesser, H. (2022). Psychological Acceptance in Adults With Hearing Loss—Psychometric Evaluation and Validation of the Hearing Acceptance Questionnaire. Ear and Hearing, 43(6), 1752-1760. DOI: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000001245
Psychological Flexibility in Epilepsy Questionnaire (PFEQ)
Psychological Flexibility in Epilepsy Questionnaire (PFEQ)Burket, L., Parling, T., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Reuterskiöld, L., Ahlqvist, J., Shanavazh, S., Reinebo, G., Vinnars, B., Beckman, M., Bohman, B., Rozenthal, A., Larsson, C., Lindgren, A., Linde, J., Bonnert, M., & Lundgren, T. (2021). Development and preliminary evaluation of the psychometric properties of the psychological flexibility in epilepsy questionnaire (PFEQ). Epilepsy & Behavior, 115, 107685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107685
PFEQ - Persian
PFEQ - PersianDavoudi, M., Lundgren, T., Jansson-Fröjmark, M., Saeedipour, Z., & Badinlou, F. (2022). The Psychological Flexibility in Epilepsy Questionnaire (PFEQ): Psychometric properties of the Persian version. Epilepsy & Behavior, 130, 108672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108672
Psychological Inflexibility Scale – Infertility (PIS-I)
Psychological Inflexibility Scale – Infertility (PIS-I)Galhardo, A., Cunha, M., Monteiro, B, & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2020). Assessing psychological inflexibility in infertility: The development and validation study of the Psychological Inflexibility Scale – Infertility (PIS-I). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.006 The scale is in Table 1.
PIS-I - Portuguese
PIS-I - PortugueseGalhardo, A., Cunha, M., Monteiro, B, & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2020). Assessing psychological inflexibility in infertility: The development and validation study of the Psychological Inflexibility Scale – Infertility (PIS-I). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 239-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.006
Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)
Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) assesses both avoidance of pain and cognitive fusion with pain.
References:
Wicksell, R. K., Renöfält, J., Olsson, G. L., Bond, F.W. & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion - central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European Journal of Pain, 12, 491-500.
Vasiliou, V. S., Michaelides, M. P., Kasinopoulos, O., & Karekla, M. (2019). Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale: Greek adaptation, psychometric properties, and invariance testing across three pain samples. Psychological Assessment, 31(7), 895–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000705
PIPS - Chinese Version
PIPS - Chinese VersionXie CJ, Xu XH, Ou MJ, & Chen YY (2021). Chinese Version of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale for Cancer Patients Reporting Chronic Pain. Cancer Nursing, 44(3):180-189. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000772
The Chinese Translation of the PIPS scale is at the end of the article.
PIPS - Dutch
PIPS - DutchBufink, Shanna (2009) A qualitative analysis of three pain scales translated into Dutch: The Psychological Inflexibility Pain Inventory, The Brief Pain Coping Inventory-2, The Brief Pain Response Inventory. Thesis: University of Twente. The Dutch PIPS translation final version is in the Attachments. Retrieved from http://essay.utwente.nl/59350/1/scriptie_S_Bufink.pdf
PIPS - French
PIPS - FrenchMartel, M.E., Dionne, F., Gauchet, A. et al (2015) Psychological inflexibility for pain: Translation and validation for a French-speaking population. Poster presented at ACBS Annual World Conference 13. The PIPS items are translated to French.
PIPS - German
PIPS - GermanBarke, A., Riecke, J., Rief, W. et al. (2015). The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) – validation, factor structure and comparison to the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ) and other validated measures in German chronic back pain patients. BMC Musculoskelet Disord, 16, 171. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-015-0641-z The German version of the PIPS is in the article's "Additional File."
PIPS - Greek Adaptation
PIPS - Greek AdaptationVasiliou, V. S., Michaelides, M. P., Kasinopoulos, O., & Karekla, M. (2019). Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale: Greek adaptation, psychometric properties, and invariance testing across three pain samples. Psychological Assessment, 31(7), 895–904. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000705
Vasiliou, V. S. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for primary headache sufferers : a randomized controlled trial. Dissertation: University of Cyprus. Retrieved from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39514 The Greek PIPS-II is in Appendix B.
PIPS - Italian
PIPS - ItalianPsychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS)
Wicksell, R. K., Renöfält, J., Olsson, G. L., Bond, F.W. & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion - central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European Journal of Pain, 12, 491-500.
Versione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Ristè, N., Lijoi, E., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Melchiorri, E., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Lijoi, E., Ristè, N. Melchiorri, E., Rossi, E., Violini, P., Panzera, A.,(2014). Avoidance and cognitive fusion in mental suffering: Adaptation and validation study of an Italian version of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) in Italian adolescents with psychological distress (2014). Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
PIPS - Japanese
PIPS - JapaneseNagasawa, Y., Shibata, A., Fukamachi, H., et al. (2021). The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS): Validity and Reliability of the Japanese Version for Chronic Low Back Pain and Knee Pain. Journal of Pain Research, 14, 325-332. http://doi.org/10.2147/jpr.s287549
PIPS - Persian
PIPS - PersianAbdollah Omidi, Zahra Zanjani, Mohammad Hosein Fadavi Kashani, Reza Daneshvar Kakhki (2018) The Evaluation of the Construct and Convergent Validity and Reliability of Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale in Individuals With Migraine Headache. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 12(3), e63132. DOI : 10.5812/ijpbs.63132
Ghomian S, Shairi MR, Masumian S, et al. (2017). Psychometric feature of the child and parent versions of Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) in children with chronic pain and their parents. Caspian J Pediatr, 3(2), 241-7.
PIPS - Portuguese
PIPS - PortugueseFerreirinha, C. & Galhardo, A. (2018) Estudo da Versão Portuguesa da Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale em Mulheres com Diagnóstico de Endometriose. ISMT, Dissertation. The Portuguese PIPS is in Appendix D.
PIPS - Spanish Validation
PIPS - Spanish ValidationRodero, B., Pereira, J. P., Pérez-Yus, M. C., Casanueva, B., Serrano-Blanco, A., Rodrigues da Cunha Ribeiro, M. J., Luciano, J. V., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2013). Validation of a Spanish version of the psychological inflexibility in pain scale (PIPS) and an evaluation of its relation with acceptance of pain and mindfulness in sample of persons with fibromyalgia. Health and quality of life outcomes, 11, 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-11-62
PIPS - Swedish
PIPS - SwedishInstrumentet mäter psykologisk inflexibilitet vid smärttillstånd och är utvecklat av Rikard Wiksell och medarbetare vid Sektionen för Beteendemedicinsk Smärtbehandling, Smärtcentrum, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset. Du hittar instrumentet här.
Referenser:
Wicksell, R. K., Renöfält, J., Olsson, G. L., Bond, F. W., & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion--central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European journal of pain (London, England), 12(4), 491–500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpain.2007.08.003
Wicksell, R.K., Ahlqvist, J., Bring, A., Melin, L., & Olsson, G.L. (2008). Can exposure and acceptance strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)? A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 37(3):169- 182. Se artikeln här.
Wicksell, R.K., Lekander, M., Sorjonen, K., & Olsson, G.L. (2010). The Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS) – statistical properties and model fit of an instrument to assess change processes in pain related disability. European Journal of Pain, 14, e1-e14. Se artikeln här.
Wicksell, R.K., Olsson, G.L., & Hayes, S.C. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash. European Journal of Pain, 41, 1059.e1-1059.e11. Se artikeln här.
Wicksell, R.K., Renofalt, J., Olsson, G.L., Bond, F.W., & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion-central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European Journal of Pain, 12(4):491-500. Se artikeln här.
Values Measures
Values MeasuresThere is a systematic review of Values Measures in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. ACBS members can read the full text of the article for free. Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304.
Bull's Eye Values Survey (BEVS)
Bull's Eye Values Survey (BEVS)This Bull's Eye is an approach developed by Tobias Lundgren and JoAnne Dahl at the University of Uppsala and successful used in a recent study on reducing epileptic seizures with ACT.
The Bulls-Eye 2 is the revised version of the measure and is currently being validated.
References:
Lundgren, T., Luoma, J.B., Dahl, J., Strosahl, K., &Melin, L. (2012). The Bull's-Eye Values Survey: A Psychometric Evaluation. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(4), 518-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.01.004
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Bull's Eye - German Translation
Bull's Eye - German TranslationBull's Eye auf deutsch: https://contextualscience.org/bulls_eye_auf_deutsch
Bull's Eye - Greek
Bull's Eye - GreekSavvides, S. N. (2014). Evaluating an acceptance and commitment therapy internet-based intervention for smoking cessation in young adults. Dissertation, University of Cyprus. Retrived from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39519 The Greek Bull's Eye is in Appendix B.
Bull's Eye - Hebrew
Bull's Eye - HebrewBull's Eye in Hebrew - עין השור / בול פגיעה
Bull's Eye - Norwegian
Bull's Eye - NorwegianTom Østergaard, Tobias Lundgren, Robert D. Zettle, Nils Inge Landrø, & Vegard Øksendal Haaland (2020) Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528
Bull's Eye - Polish
Bull's Eye - PolishOko Byka (Bulls Eye Thomasa Lundgreana, tłumaczenie Vivian Fiszer)
(Login to your ACBS account to see the attachment)
Bull's Eye - Spanish
Bull's Eye - SpanishThis is my spanish translation of the Bull's Eye exercise.
Bull's Eye - Swedish
Bull's Eye - SwedishBull's Eye Values Survey (BEVS)
Utvecklat av Tobias Lundgren m fl. Du hittar instrumentet här.
Referenser:
[1] Lundgren, T., Luoma, J.B., Dahl, J., Strosahl, K., Melin, L. (2012). The Bull's-Eye Values Survey: A Psychometric Evaluation. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19, 518-526.
Bull's-eye Instrument about valued life Primary Care Version (BULLI-PC)
Bull's-eye Instrument about valued life Primary Care Version (BULLI-PC)Bull's-eye Instrument about valued life Primary Care Version (BULLI-PC) is in the ACT Measures Packet.
Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI)
Chronic Pain Values Inventory (CPVI)The CPVI is in the ACT Measures Packet
References:
McCracken, L.M. & Yang, S. (2006) The role of values in a contextual cognitive-behavioral approach to chronic pain. Pain, 23, 137–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.02.021
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
CPVI - Korean
CPVI - KoreanHaesol Hwang, Hwang & Janghan Lee. (2012) A study on the validity of the Korean version of the value test for chronic pain patients. Validation of the Korean Version of the Chronic Pain Values Inventory. Journal of The Korean Data Analysis Society, 14(5), 2499 - 2512.
CPVI - Swedish
CPVI - SwedishÅkerblom, S., Perrin, S., Fischer, M. R., & Mccracken, L. M. (2017). Further validation of the Chronic Pain Values Inventory in a Swedish chronic pain sample. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(3), 261-267. doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.06.001
Engaged Living Scale (ELS)
Engaged Living Scale (ELS)References:
Trompetter, H. R., ten Klooster, P. M., Schreurs, K. M. G., Fledderus, M., Westerhof, G. J., & Bohlmeijer, E. T. (2013). Measuring values and committed action with the Engaged Living Scale (ELS): Psychometric evaluation in a nonclinical sample and a chronic pain sample. Psychological Assessment, 25(4), 1235–1246. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0033813
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Spencer, S.D., Jo, D., Hamagami F., Antonio, M.C.K., Qinaʻau, J., Masuda, A., & Hishinuma, E.S. (2022). A psychometric validation of contextual cognitive behavioral therapy-informed measures with racially and ethnically diverse adults. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.06.004
ELS - Chinese
ELS - ChineseYang, Y. (2022). Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the core psychometric instruments used in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT): assessing the validity and reliability of ACT measures in the Chinese populations. Disseration, University of Edinburgh. http://dx.doi.org/10.7488/era/2645
ELS - Dutch
ELS - DutchEngaged Living Scale (ELS) - Dutch https://www.acbsbene.com/documenten-downloads/assessment/engaged-living-scale-els/
References:
Mislim, Rana (2013) Het meten van waardengericht leven: Validering van de Engaged Living Scale. Thesis: Universiteit Twente.
ELS - Korean
ELS - KoreanSeran Park (2020) Validation of Korean Version of Engaged Living Scale. Humanities and Social Sciences 21, Vol. 11, No. 2, 225-240.
ELS - Norwegian
ELS - NorwegianTom Østergaard, Tobias Lundgren, Robert D. Zettle, Nils Inge Landrø, & Vegard Øksendal Haaland (2020) Psychological Flexibility in Depression Relapse Prevention: Processes of Change and Positive Mental Health in Group-Based ACT for Residual Symptoms. Front. Psychol. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00528
ELS - Portuguese
ELS - PortugueseTrindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Nooren, L. (2016). Clarity of personal values and committed action: Development of a shorter Engaged Living Scale. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavior Assessment, 38(2), 258-265. doi: 10.1007/s10862-015-9509-7
ELS - Spanish
ELS - SpanishNavarrete, J. Et Al (2023 in press). Psychometric properties of the engaged living scale (ELS) Spanish version in a large sample of Spanish pilgrims. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2023.05.001
ELS - Turkish
ELS - TurkishReferences:
Işık, H. R. & Bilge, Y. (2023) Değerlere Bağlı Yaşam Ölçeği: Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. [Engaged Living Scale: The Study of Validity and Reliability and Adaptation to Turkish Culture.] Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 12(2), 145-155. doi:10.5455/JCBPR.112588
Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ)
Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ)The Valued Living Questionnaire is a simple questionnaire originally developed as a clinical tool. It's categories map relatively closely to the categories in the original ACT book (no surprise, since I authored both). A copy of the paper is available by clicking the citation below.
Wilson, K. G., Sandoz, E. K., Kitchens, J., & Roberts, M. E. (2010). The Valued Living Questionnaire: Defining and measuring valued action within a behavioral framework. The Psychological Record, 60, 249-272.
The manuscript contains a copy of the VLQ. I have also added a short working guide to its use.
Also, to get additional info on the flavor of the values work, I would recommend reading my chapter with Amy Murrell in the Mindfulness and Acceptance book. The chapter is also available here on this site: Values Work in ACT.
peace all,
Kelly Wilson
The VLQ can be found on stevenchayes.com
There is a VLQ Adapted to Caregiving (VLQAC) version.
References:
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
VanBuskirk, K., West, L., Malcarne, V. et al. (2012). Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Valued Living Questionnaire in a Black American Sample: Implications for Cognitive Research and Practice. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36, 796-805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-011-9405-8
Wilson, K. G., Sandoz, E. K., Kitchens, J., & Roberts, M. E. (2010). The Valued Living Questionnaire: Defining and measuring valued action within a behavioral framework. The Psychological Record, 60, 249-272.
VLQ - Arabic
VLQ - ArabicAdel, S. (2019). فعالية برنامج عالجي بالتقبل وااللتزام لتحسين صورة الجسم لدى عينة من ذوات اضطراب الشره العصبى [Efficacy of ACT program to improve body image for Female Bulimia nervosa disorder]. Thesis: University of Alexandria. The Arabic VLQ-2 is in the appendix.
VLQ - Brazilian Portuguese version
VLQ - Brazilian Portuguese versionCarolina Rodrigues Jesus Fernandes (2012) Validação da versão portuguesa da Escala de Valores numa amostra de estudantes universitários [Validation of the Portuguese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire in a sample of college students]. Universidade de Coimbra, Dissertação.
VLQ Brazilian version (See attachment below) Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos, Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology. E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874 Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
VLQ - Czech
VLQ - CzechPetříková, K. (2021). Atributy acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) v kontextu syndromu vyhoření u studentů medicíny. Thesis: Masarykova Univerzita. Retrieved from https://is.muni.cz/th/ww25y/ The Czech version of VLQ is in the Appendix.
VLQ - Greek
VLQ - GreekDafne Morroni, Vasilis S. Vasiliou & Maria Karekla (2020) Psychometric Properties of the Valued Living Questionnaire-Greek version (VLQ-G). Poster presented at the ACBS Annual World Conference 18.
VLQ - Hungarian
VLQ - HungarianSzabó, Vanda Virág and Gergely, Bence and Szabó-Bartha, Anett (2020). Az értékvezérelt élet kérdőív (VLQ) Magyar változatának pszichometriai jellemzői. Psychologia Hungarica Caroliensis, 8(2), 49-67. Retrieved from http://real.mtak.hu/id/eprint/143516 Következtetések: Végeredményben a teszt tartalma nehezen megragadható. Az eredmények alapján a teszt további használata hibás eredményekhez vezethet, így ez csak különös körültekintéssel ajánlható.
VLQ - Italian
VLQ - ItalianVLQ - Japanese
VLQ - JapaneseMorimoto H, Kishita N, Kondo H, Muto T. (2023). Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Caregiving. Clinical Gerontologist. http://doi.org/10.1080/07317115.2022.2163951.
VLQ - Korean
VLQ - KoreanPark Se-Ram, Lee Hoon-Jin (2012) ACT 기반 가치탐색 집단 프로그램의 효과연구 [The Effect of the ACT-Based Value Exploration Program on Valued Living and Psychological Adjustment]. Cognitive Behavior Therapy in Korea, 12(1), 1-20.
VLQ - Persian
VLQ - PersianMEHDI, A. (2018) The Reliability and Validity of Persian version of the Valued Living Questionnaire: based on Acceptance and Commitment approach. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY & PERSONALITY (DANESHVAR RAFTAR), Volume 16, Number 1 (30), 239 To 249. https://www.sid.ir/en/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=741926
VLQ - Spanish
VLQ - SpanishRomero-Moreno, R., Gallego-Alberto, L., Márquez-González, M. & Losada, A. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Valued Living Questionnaire Adapted to Dementia Caregiving. Aging & Mental Health, 21(9), 983-990. DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1191055
The VLQ Spanish Version can be found on Grupo ACT https://grupoact.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Cuestionario-de-valores-Importancia-y-consistencia-argentino.pdf
VLQ - Turkish
VLQ - TurkishReferences:
Çekici, F., Aydın-Sünbül, Z., Malkoç, A., Aslan Gördesli, M., & Arslan, R. (2018). Değer odaklı yaşam ölçeği: Türk kültürüne uyarlama geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(19), 459–471. https://doi.org/10.7827/TurkishStudies.14094
M. Emrah Karadere, Hasan Turan Karatepe, Kaasım Fatih Yavuz, Sevinc Ulusoy, Alparslan Cansız, Murat Aktepe (2017) Turkish Version of Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ): Preliminary Analysis of Reliability and Validity in Non-Clinical Sample. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 15.
Hasan Turan Karatepe, M. Emrah Karadere, Kaasım Fatih Yavuz, Sevinc Ulusoy, Murat Aktepe, Alparslan Cansız (2017) Turkish Version of Valued Living Questionnaire (VLQ): Preliminary Analysis of Reliability and Validity in Bipolar Disorder and Schizophrenia Sample. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 15.
Valuing Questionnaire (VQ)
Valuing Questionnaire (VQ)The Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is attached below.
References:
Smout, M., Davies, M., Burns, N., & Christie, A. (2014). Development of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 164–172. doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.001
Full article available for ACBS members, logged in, here: https://contextualscience.org/article/development_of_the_valuing_questionnaire_vq
Barrett, K., O’Connor, M. & McHugh, L. A. (2019). Systematic Review of Values-Based Psychometric Tools Within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). The Psychological Record, 69, 457–485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-019-00352-7
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Kibbey, M.M, DiBello, A.M., Babu, A.A., & Farris, S.G. (2020). Validation of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) in adults with cardiovascular disease and risk. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 17, 144-151. doi: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.07.006
Full article available for ACBS members, logged in, here: https://contextualscience.org/article/validation_of_the_valuing_questionnaire_vq_in_adults_with_cardiovascular_di
Aller, T.B., Barrett, T., Levin, M.E., McClain, M.B. (2022). Measuring psychological flexibility in autistic adults: Examining the validity and reliability of the AAQ-II, BEAQ, and VQ. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 26, 125-133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.09.001
Full article available for ACBS members, logged in, here: https://contextualscience.org/article/measuring_psychological_flexibility_in_autistic_adults_examining_the_validi
VQ - Chinese
VQ - ChineseBI Dandan, DING Qingwen, ZHANG Jiameng, CHEN Jie, LI Xinying (2021) Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of the Valuing Questionnaire in college students. Chinese Mental Health Journal, 5, 417-422. The article was retrieved from CAOD.
VQ - Greek
VQ - GreekVasiliou, V. S. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for primary headache sufferers : a randomized controlled trial. Dissertation: University of Cyprus. Retrieved from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39514 The Greek Valuing Questionnaire is in Appendix B.
VQ - Japanese
VQ - JapaneseThe Japanese version of Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) is a scale that measures the degree of life in line with value in a format that includes life areas for "value," which is the core process of ACT.
VQ is a 10-item 2-factor structure.
Rimi Doi, Asako Sakano, Takashi Muto, Yuji Sakano. (2017). Verification of the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of Valuing Questionnaire (VQ). Behavior Therapy Research, 43 (1), 83-94.
The VQ Japanese version is on the ACBS Japan Chapter website.
VQ - Korean
VQ - KoreanChoon-Ja Yoo, Kyung-Park Park. (2017) 한국판 가치질문지 타당화 연구 [A Validation Study of a Korean Version of Valuing Questionnaire(VQ)]. Korean Psychological Association Conference Materials, 2017 Annual Conference of the Korean Psychological Association, 2017.08, 313 - 313
Choonja Yoo, Ph.D., Kyung Park, Ph.D. (2018) A Validation Study of a Korean Version of Valuing Questionnaire(K-VQ). Poster presented at the ACBS World Conference 16.
VQ - Norwegian
VQ - NorwegianVQ norsk versjon oversatt og tilpasset av Eli Alperstein, Hans J Johansen mfl.. etter tillatelse fra Matthew Smout. Prosessnotater vedlegges i tråd med who oversettelsesprotokollen.
VQ - Persian
VQ - PersianNonahal S, Mohammadkhani S, Hasani J, Akbari M. (2020) Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) in Population Engaging in Weight Loss. Journal of Research in Psychological Health, 14 (3), 1-17
URL: http://rph.khu.ac.ir/article-1-3671-en.html
OMIDI, A., & Ardestani, S., & HASSANABADI, H. (2018). Adaptation and Factor Structure of Valuing Questionnaire in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Approach. TRAINING MEASUREMENT, 8(32), 85-101. https://dx.doi.org/10.22054/jem.2019.31526.1731
VQ - Polish
VQ - PolishBaran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego.
See attachments for male and female versions of the VQ. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
A different translation of the VQ: https://contextualscience.org/warto_cikwestionariuszzadanie_domowe
VQ - Portuguese
VQ - PortugueseReferences:
Carvalho, S.A., Palmeira, L., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Gillanders, D., & Castilho, P. (2018). The utility of the Valuing Questionnaire in Chronic Pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 21-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.06.002
Assaz, D.A. (2019) Desfusão cognitiva na Terapia de Aceitação e Compromisso(ACT): O processo de mudança clínica. UNIVERSIDADE DE SÃO PAULO, Dissertation. The Portuguese VQ is in Anexo K.
VQ - Spanish
VQ - SpanishRuiz, F. J., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., Segura-Vargas, M. A., & Gil-Luciano, B. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Valuing Questionnaire in Colombian clinical and nonclinical samples. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 1– 16. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23212
Ruiz, F. J., Odriozola-González, P., Suárez-Falcón, J. C., & Segura-Vargas, M. A. (2022). Psychometric properties of the Valuing Questionnaire in a Spaniard sample and factorial equivalence with a Colombian sample. PeerJ, 10, e12670. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12670
VQ - Swedish
VQ - SwedishRickardsson, J., Zetterqvist, V., Kemani, M. K., Holmström, L., Andersson, E., & Wicksell, R. K. (2019). Assessing values – Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Valuing Questionnaire in adults with chronic pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 40-49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.009
VQ - Turkish
VQ - TurkishAydın, Y., Aydın, G. (2017). Değer Verme Ölçeği (Valuing Questionnaire)’ni Türk kültürüne uyarlama çalışması. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (1), 64-77. See article here.
Other ACT-Related Measures
Other ACT-Related MeasuresThis page is a working list of other measures related to ACT processes.
ACT Check
ACT CheckThe ACT Check is a test for Assessing Knowlege of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The ACT Check consists of two parts: a theoretical section with 28 items for assessing understanding of the psychological flexibility model and an advanced section with 24 items for assessing applied understanding of ACT and the psychological flexibility model. (The original version is in Japanese.)
井上 和哉, 新堂 光太郎, 村松 穂香, 林 幹浩, & 大月 友. (2022). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: ACT理解度テスト(ACT Check)の作成の試み. 行動医学研究, 27(1), 39-51. [Kazuya Inoue, Kotaro Shindo, Honoka Muramatsu, Mikihiro Hayashi, & Tomo Otsuki. (2022). Developing a Test for Assessing Knowlege of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Japanese Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 27(1), 39-51.] DOI: 10.11331/jjbm.27.39
ACT Knowledge Questionnaire
ACT Knowledge QuestionnaireThe ACT Knowledge Questionnaire is a 16 item measure of conceptual knowledge of ACT for use in studies and evaluation of the training of therapists who are learning ACT. It was original created for use in the following study:
- Luoma, J. B. & Plumb, J. (2013). Improving Therapist Psychological Flexibility While Training Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A Pilot Study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 42(1), 1-8. DOI:10.1080/16506073.2012.701662
and has been used in the following published study:
- Richards, R., Oliver, J. E., Morris, E., Aherne, K., Iervolino, A. C., & Wingrove, J. (2011). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training for clinicians: An evaluation. The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist, 4, 114-121.
The measure and scoring instructions are included in the attachment below (you need to be signed in to see it).
ACT session questionnaire (ACT-SQ)
ACT session questionnaire (ACT-SQ)The ACT-SQ is a short questionnaire capturing the patients’ view of the in-session realization of the six core components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT).
References:
Probst, T., Mühlberger, A., Kühner, J., Eifert, G. H., Pieh, C., Hackbarth, T., & Mander, J. (2020). Development and Initial Validation of a Brief Questionnaire on the Patients’ View of the In-Session Realization of the Six Core Components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.v2i3.3115 The ACT-SQ English version and German version is in the article's Supplementary Materials.
ACT-SQ - German
ACT-SQ - GermanProbst, T., Mühlberger, A., Kühner, J., Eifert, G. H., Pieh, C., Hackbarth, T., & Mander, J. (2020). Development and Initial Validation of a Brief Questionnaire on the Patients’ View of the In-Session Realization of the Six Core Components of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Clinical Psychology in Europe, 2(3), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.32872/cpe.v2i3.3115 The German version ACT-SQ is in the article's Supplementary Materials.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM)
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM)Lucy O'Neill, Gary Latchford, Lance M. McCracken, Christopher D. Graham (2019). The development of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM): A delphi study and field test. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 111-118.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.08.008 See attachment for the ACT-FM form.
ACT-FM - Spanish
ACT-FM - SpanishThe Medida de Fidelidad ACT (ACT-FM) can be found on Grupo ACT https://grupoact.com.ar/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/ACT-FMcastellano.pdf
Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ)
Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ)McCracken, L.M. (2013) Committed Action: An Application of the Psychological Flexibility Model to Activity Patterns in Chronic Pain. The Journal of Pain, 14(8), 828-835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2013.02.009
McCracken, L., Chilcot, J. & Norton, S. (2015). Committed action in chronic pain. Eur J Pain, 19, 677-685. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.589
CAQ - Dutch
CAQ - DutchKraiß, J.T. (2014) Measuring committed action : psychometric evaluation of the committed action questionnaire (CAQ) in a nonclinical sample. Retrieved from http://purl.utwente.nl/essays/65750 The CAQ-24 Dutch Translation is in the Appendix.
CAQ - German
CAQ - GermanTerhorst, Y., Baumeister, H., McCracken, L.M. et al. (2020). Further development in the assessment of psychological flexibility: validation of the German committed action questionnaire. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 18, 260. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01497-8
CAQ - Swedish Validation
CAQ - Swedish ValidationÅkerblom S, Perrin S, Fischer MR, McCracken LM. (2016) A Validation and Generality Study of the Committed Action Questionnaire in a Swedish Sample with Chronic Pain. Int J Behav Med, 23(3):260-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-016-9539-x
CAQ-8 - Chinese
CAQ-8 - ChineseWong, W.-s., McCracken, L., Wong, S., Chen, P.-p., Chow, Y.-f., & Fielding, R. (2016). The Chinese version of the 8-item Committed Action Questionnaire (ChCAQ-8): A preliminary analysis of the factorial and criterion validity. Psychological Assessment, 28(6), e111–e118. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0000187
Li, Y., Yang, F. L., Pan, C., Chu, Q. Q., and Tang, Q. P. (2021). Validation of the committed action Questionnaire-8 and its mediating role between experiential avoidance and life satisfaction among Chinese university students. Front. Psychol. 12, 655518. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.655518
CAQ-8 - French
CAQ-8 - FrenchJoel Gagnon, Frédérick Dionne, Marcos Balbinotti, & Jean-Louis Monestès (2017). Dimensionality and validity of the Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ-8) in a chronic pain and university student population. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(3), 252-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2017.06.002 French Translation is in Table 1.
CAQ-8 - Greek
CAQ-8 - GreekVasiliou, V. S. (2017). Acceptance and commitment therapy for primary headache sufferers : a randomized controlled trial. Dissertation: University of Cyprus. Retrieved from https://gnosis.library.ucy.ac.cy/handle/7/39514 The Greek Committed Action Questionaire is in Appendix B.
CAQ-8 - Korean
CAQ-8 - KoreanPark Y-S, et al. (2016) Validation of Korean Version of a Shortened Committed Action Questionnaire(KCAQ-8). Korean Journal of Health Psychology, 21(3), 593-606. https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2016.21.3.007
CAQ-8 - Persian
CAQ-8 - PersianMazloom M, Mohammadkhani S, Akbari M, & Hasani J. (2020). Psychometric Properties of the Committed Action Questionnaire, the Persian Version. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 8(2), 153-162. URL: http://jpcp.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-677-en.html
CAQ-8 - Polish
CAQ-8 - PolishBaran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachments for male and female versions of the CAQ-8.
CAQ-8 - Portuguese
CAQ-8 - PortugueseTrindade, I. A., Marta-Simões, J., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2018). Developments on committed action: Validity of the CAQ-8 and analysis of committed action’s role in depressive symptomatology in breast cancer patients and healthy individuals. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 25(1), e42–e50. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2125
Rodrigues, T. F., Vieira, A. I., Vaz, A. R., Brandão, I., Timóteo, S., Nunes, P., Fernandez-Aranda, F., & Machado, P. P. P. (2022). The factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Committed Action Questionnaire (CAQ-8) in a Portuguese clinical sample with eating disorders. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 29(1), 222– 229. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2621
CAQ-8 - Spanish
CAQ-8 - SpanishSánchez-Rodríguez, E, de la Vega, R, Racine, M, Roy, R, Jensen, MP, Miró, J. (2018). Support for the Spanish version of the CPAQ-8 as a measure of chronic pain acceptance. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 25, 881– 888. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13092
Experiences Questionnaire (EQ)
Experiences Questionnaire (EQ)The EQ is a 20 item self-report scale designed to measure decentering and rumination.
Reference:
Fresco, D. M., Moore, M. T., van Dulmen, M., Segal, Z. V., Teasdale, J. D., Ma, H., & Williams, J. M. G. (2007). Initial psychometric properties of the Experiences Questionnaire: Validation of a self-report measure of decentering. Behavior Therapy, 38, 234-246. The EQ 20 items are in Table 1.
Please contact David Fresco if you would like to receive a copy of the measure.
EQ - German
EQ - GermanJudith Gecht, Ramona Kessel, Verena Mainz, Siegfried Gauggel, Barbara Drueke, Anne Scherer & Thomas Forkmann (2014). Measuring decentering in self-reports: Psychometric properties of the Experiences Questionnaire in a German sample. Psychotherapy Research, 24(1), 67-79. http://doi.org/10.1080/10503307.2013.821635
EQ - Japanese
EQ - JapaneseKURIHARA, Ai, HASEGAWA, Akira, & NEDATE, Kaneo (2011). Development of the Japanese Version of the Experiences Questionnaire and Examination of Its Reliability and Validity. Japanese Journal of Personality,19(2), 174-177.
EQ - Portuguese
EQ - PortugueseEQ Translation - see attachment
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com WhatsApp: +351 910391274
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
Address: Rua do Colégio Novo, Apartado 6153. Postal Code: 3001-802. Coimbra, Portugal.
References:
Gregório, S., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Duarte, C., & Simões, L. (2015). Expanding Research on Decentering as Measured by the Portuguese Version of the Experiences Questionnaire. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 18, E23. doi:10.1017/sjp.2015.18
EQ - Spanish
EQ - SpanishSoler, J., Franquesa, A., Feliu-Soler, A., Cebolla, A., Carcia-Campayo, J., Tejedor, R., ... and Portella, M.J. (2014). Assessing decentering: Validation, psychometric properties and clinical usefulness of the Experiences Questionnaire in Spanish sample. Behavior Therapy, 45, 863-871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2014.05.004
EQ - Turkish
EQ - TurkishÜnlü Kaynakçı, F . (2018). Merkezsizleştirme Becerisini Değerlendirme: Yaşantılar Ölçeğinin Türkçe Formunun Psikometrik Özellikleri [Measuring Decentering: Psychometric properties of the Turkish Version of Experiences Questionnaire]. Journal of Measurement and Evaluation in Education and Psychology, 9 (2), 150-160. DOI: 10.21031/epod.367560
Experiential Approach Scale (EAS)
Experiential Approach Scale (EAS)Swails, J.A., Zettle, R.D., Burdsal, C.A. et al. (2016). The Experiential Approach Scale: Development and Preliminary Psychometric Properties. The Psychological Record, 66, 527–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0188-x
EAS - Spanish
EAS - SpanishReyes-Martín, S., Hernández-López, M., & Rodríguez-Valverde, M. (2021). Spanish Adaptation of the Experiential Approach Scale (EAS). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 12873. DOI:10.3390/ijerph182412873 The EAS Spanish items are in Table 1.
Open and Engaged State Questionnaire (OESQ)
Open and Engaged State Questionnaire (OESQ)The OESQ is a brief, state-related self-report process measure of psychological flexibility.
References:
Benoy, C., Knitter, B., Knellwolf, L., Doering, S., Klotsche, J., & Gloster, A.T. (2019) Assessing psychological flexibility: Validation of the Open and Engaged State Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 253-260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.005
Rogge, R.D., Daks, J.S., Dubler, B.A., & Saint, K.J. (2019) It's all about the process: Examining the convergent validity, conceptual coverage, unique predictive validity, and clinical utility of ACT process measures. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 14, 90-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.10.001
Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)
Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)Download the PBAT at https://pbatsupport.com
References:
Ciarrochi, J., Hayes, S. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2021). Assessing Processes of Change in Psychological Interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT). PsyArXiv. https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/2pbcf The PBAT is in the appendix.
Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Hofmann, S., & Hayes, S. C. (2022). Developing an item pool to assess processes of change in psychological interventions: The Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 23, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.02.001
Sanford, B.T., Ciarrochi, J., Hofmann, S.G., Gates, K.M., & Hayes, S.C. (2022). Toward empirical process-based case conceptualization: An idionomic network examination of the process-based assessment tool. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 25, 10-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.05.006
PBAT - German
PBAT - GermanThe PBAT German translation is at https://pbatsupport.com/free-download/
PBAT - Italian
PBAT - ItalianThe PBAT Italian translation is at https://pbatsupport.com/free-download/
PBAT - Polish
PBAT - PolishCyniak-Cieciura, M., Dudek, J., & Ostaszewski, P. (2024). The Polish version of the Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT)—The measure of processes of change in psychological interventions. Plos one, 19(6), e0304661. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0304661 The PBAT Polish Version is in the Supporting information File S1.
PBAT - Spanish
PBAT - SpanishGoicoechea, C., Wallman-Jones, A., Ciarrochi, J., Hayes, S. C., Hofmann, S. G., & Perakakis, P. (2024, July 25). Development and validation of the Spanish Process-Based Assessment Tool (PBAT). https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/y35sv The Spanish translation is in Appendix I.
PBAT - Swedish
PBAT - SwedishLarsson, A.B. & Sundström, F.T.A. (2024). Optimizing process-based therapy: A Boruta-driven approach to Identifying key clinical outcomes in a Swedish validation of the process-based assessment tool (PBAT). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 33, 100794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2024.100794 The Swedish translation is in Appendix A.
Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ)
Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ)SEQ: Yu, L., McCracken, L.M. & Norton, S. (2016). The Self Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ): Preliminary analyses for a measure of self in people with chronic pain. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(3), 127-133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2016.07.006
Carvalho, S.A., Palmeira, L., Coutinho, M. et al. (2021). Self-as-context and depressive symptoms in the general population: A further analysis of the self experiences questionnaire. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01383-6
SEQ-8: Yu, L., Scott, W., Goodman, R., Driscoll, L., & McCracken, L. M. (2021). Measuring ‘self’: preliminary validation of a short form of the Self Experiences Questionnaire in people with chronic pain. British Journal of Pain. https://doi.org/10.1177/2049463721994863
SEQ - Polish
SEQ - PolishBaran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachments for female and male versions of the SEQ.
SEQ - Portuguese
SEQ - PortugueseCarvalho, S. A., Palmeira, L., Coutinho, M., Barbosa, R., & Trindade, I. A. (2021). Self-as-context and depressive symptoms in the general population: A further analysis of the Self Experiences Questionnaire. Current Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01383-6
Self-as-Context Scale (SACS)
Self-as-Context Scale (SACS)Zettle, R.D., Gird, S.R., Webster, B.K., Carrasquillo-Richardson, N., Swails, J.A. & Burdsal, C.A. (2018) The Self-as-Context Scale: Development and preliminary psychometric properties. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 10, 64-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.08.010 The Self-as-Context Scale (SACS) items are in Table 2.
SACS - Chinese
SACS - ChineseFang, S., Huang, M. & Wang, Y. (2022). Measuring self-as-context in Chinese college students: Validity and reliability of the Chinese version of self-as-context scale (C-SACS). Frontiers in Psychology, 13,1051661. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051661
State measure of experiential avoidance
State measure of experiential avoidancePublished in Kashdan, T. B., Goodman, F. R., Machell, K. A., Kleiman, E. M., Monfort, S. S., & Ciarrochi, J., Nezlek, J. (2014). A contextual approach to experiential avoidance and social anxiety: Evidence from an experimental interaction and daily interactions of people with social anxiety disorder. Emotion.
Survey of Guiding Principles (SGP)
Survey of Guiding Principles (SGP)The Survey of Guiding principles and supporting materials can be downloaded here (they are a bit large for this site):
http://josephciarrochi.com/sgp/
The Survey of Guiding Principles (SGP) was designed to support ACT and also the behavioural components of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. It helps practitioners to activate value-congruent behavior in their clients.
You can find many materials at http://josephciarrochi.com/sgp/, including:
A manual and guide for using the paper and pencil version of the SGP
A card sort version of the SGP
Printable cards
Sample rating forms for using the SGP card sort in organizations and other settings
References:
- Williams, K., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. (2015). Relationships between valued action and well-being across the transition from high school to early adulthood. Journal of Positive Psychology, 10, 127-140.
- Veage, S., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P. (2014). Value congruence, importance and success in the workplace: Links with well-being and burnout amongst mental health practitioners. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(4), 258-264. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.06.004
- Veage, S., Ciarrochi, J., & Heaven, P.C.L. (2011). Importance, Pressure, and Success: Dimensions of Values and their Links to Personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1180-1185.
Valued Action and Satisfaction Questionnaire (VASQ)
Valued Action and Satisfaction Questionnaire (VASQ)The VASQ is an evolution of the Valued LIving Questionnaire and the Valued Time and Difficulty Questionnaire. Each of these measures assess values with respect to 10-12 life domains (e.g., family, spirituality, etc.). The VASQ contains three subscales: Importance (of values domains), Action (committed action), and Satisfaction (with Action). Each subscale may range from 0-100.
The measure is attached below.
References:
Lyons, G., Stone, B. M., Primeaux, S., Wang, V., & Drake, C. E. (2023). The Valued Action and Satisfaction Questionnaire: Preliminary validation and psychometric evaluation. The Psychological Record. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-023-00548-y
Valued Living Scale (VLS)
Valued Living Scale (VLS)References:
Jensen, M.P., Vowles, K.E., Johnson, L.E., & Gertz, K.J. (2015). Living Well with Pain: Development and Preliminary Evaluation of the Valued Living Scale. Pain Medicine, 16(11), 2109–2120. https://doi.org/10.1111/pme.12802 The Valued Living Scale is in the Appendix.
Reilly, E. D., Ritzert, T. R., Scoglio, A. A. J., Mote, J., Fukuda, S. D., Ahern, M. E., & Kelly, M. M. (2019). A systematic review of values measures in acceptance and commitment therapy research. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 290-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.10.004
Values Tracker (VT)
Values Tracker (VT)Pielech, M., Bailey, R.W., McEntee, M.L., Ashworth, J., Levell, J., Sowden, G., & Vowles, K.E. (2016). Preliminary Evaluation of the Values Tracker: A Two-Item Measure of Engagement in Valued Activities in Those With Chronic Pain. Behavior Modification, 40(1-2) 239–256. DOI: 10.1177/0145445515616911
Vowles, K.E., Sowden, G., Hickman, J., & Ashworth, J. (2019). An analysis of within-treatment change trajectories in valued activity in relation to treatment outcomes following interdisciplinary Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for adults with chronic pain. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 115, 46-54. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2018.10.012
Values Wheel
Values WheelBarrett, K., O'Connor, M. & McHugh, L. (2020). Investigating the psychometric properties of the Values Wheel with a clinical cohort: A preliminary validation study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 210-218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.12.009 The Instructions for the Administration and Completion of the Values Wheel are in Appendix A.
O’Connor, M., Stapleton, A., Barrett, K., Byrne, O., McGinley, N., Slingerland, N., Lee, N., Michalek, S. & McHugh, L.A. (2021). Testing the Psychometric Properties of the Newly Developed ACTive Values Wheel. The Psychological Record, 71, 461–471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-020-00447-6
O’Connor, M., Tennyson, A., Timmons, M. & McHugh, L. (2019). The development and preliminary psychometric properties of the Values Wheel. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 39-46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.01.005
White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)
White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)"Authors: Daniel M. Wegner & Sophia Zanakos
The WBSI is a 15-item questionnaire that is designed to measure thought suppression. Chronic thoughts suppression is a variable that is related to obsessive thinking and negative affect associated with depression and anxiety. The WBSI can help to identify individuals who are more prone to develop chronic thought suppression as well as individuals who express wishing they were not depressed, but are in fact depressed. The measure can also be used by practitioners to evaluate changer over time.
Scoring: The scoring of the WBSI is based on a 5 point scale from Strongly disagree (1) to Strongly agree (5). The total score is obtained by summing up the responses that are provided by respondents. The total score can range from 15 to 75. Higher scores on the WBSI indicate greater tendencies to suppress thoughts.
Reliability: The WBSI has very good internal consistency, with alphas ranging from .87 to .89. The WBSI has also been found to have good stability with a 1 week test-retest correlation of .92, and a 3 week to 3 month test-retest correlation of .69.
Validity: Demonstrates excellent convergent validity with significant correlations between the WBSI and several measures including Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI), the Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory, and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). It has also been found that the WBSI correlates negatively with repression, thus suggesting that the WBSI measures a characteristic that is different to traditional concepts of repression.
Reference: Wegner, D. M. & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615-640."
Information quoted from Ciarrochi, J. & Bilich, L. (2006). Process measures of potential relevance to ACT. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wollongong, Australia.
WBSI - Chinese
WBSI - ChineseRodriguez, M. A., Jia, K., & Qian, M.-y. (2012). White Bear Suppression Inventory: Structure, reliability and validity of the Chinese version. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 20(2), 143–147.
WBSI - Dutch
WBSI - DutchManon J.B. Vincken, Cor Meesters, Iris M. Engelhard, Erik Schouten (2012). Psychometric qualities of the White Bear Suppression Inventory in a Dutch sample of children and adolescents. Personality and Individual Differences, 52(3), 301-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.10.023
WBSI - Finnish
WBSI - FinnishLappalainen, P., Keinonen, K., Pakkala, I., Lappalainen, R., & Nikander, R. (2021). The role of thought suppression and psychological inflexibility in older family caregivers’ psychological symptoms and quality of life. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 20, 129-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.04.005
WBSI - German Version
WBSI - German VersionWBSI - Deutsche Version: https://contextualscience.org/wbsi_deutsche_version
WBSI - Hungarian
WBSI - HungarianAndrás, H. (2012) KOGNITÍV SÉRÜLÉS ÉS TÜNETI MINTÁZAT KÉNYSZERBETEGSÉGBEN. Budapesti Műszaki és Gazdaságtudományi Egyetem, Dissertation. The WBSI Hungarian translation is in Figure 3.
WBSI - Japanese
WBSI - Japanese(2006) 日本語版 White Bear Suppression Inventory 作成の試み. The Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Volume 70, The 70th Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association, Session ID 2EV114, Pages 2EV114. https://doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.70.0_2EV114
WBSI - Polish
WBSI - PolishReferences:
1. Baran L., Hyla M., Kleszcz B. (2019). Elastyczność psychologiczna. Polska adaptacja narzędzi dla praktyków i badaczy. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. Read the book online at www.wydawnictwo.us.edu.pl/node/21733
See attachments for male and female versions of the WBSI.
2. Cichoń, E., Szczepanowski, R., & Niemiec, T. (2020). Polish version of the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) by Wegner and Zanakos: factor analysis and reliability. Skala tłumienia myśli – polska wersja kwestionariusza WBSI (White Bear Suppression Inventory) Wegnera i Zanakos: analiza czynnikowa i rzetelność skali. Psychiatria polska, 54(1), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.12740/PP/93493
WBSI - Spanish Validation
WBSI - Spanish ValidationFernandez-Berrocal, P., Extremera, N., & Ramos, N. (2004). Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the White Bear Suppression Inventory. Psychological reports, 94(3 Pt 1), 782–784. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.94.3.782-784
WBSI - Swedish
WBSI - SwedishSylvan, A., & Lindell, J. (2020). Kom ihåg att glömma: Adaptiv glömska, oro, ruminering & påträngande tankar. Örebro University, Dissertation. The WBSI Swedish translation is in the Appendix (Bilaga A: Översättning av White Bear Suppression Inventory). Retrieved from: https://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2%3A1529023&dswid=-328
WBSI Italian
WBSI ItalianWhite Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI)
Wegner, D. M. & Zanakos, S. (1994). Chronic thought suppression. Journal of Personality, 62, 615-640."
Versione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Lijoi, E., Violini, P., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Ristè, N., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Ristè, N., Violini, P., Melchiorri, E., Lijoi, E.,Rossi, E., Panzera, A., (2014). Italian version of the White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI): A preliminary study. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
WBSI in Portuguese
WBSI in PortugueseTalask, G. et.al (2018). White Bear Suppression Inventory: translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese. Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 40(1). https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2017-0082
WBSI in Serbian
WBSI in SerbianZdenka Novović, et al (2014) WHITE BEAR SUPPRESSION INVENTORY: VALIDATION OF A SERBIAN TRANSLATION. Primenjena psihologija, Vol 7 No 3-1. https://doi.org/10.19090/pp.2014.3-1.325-345
WBSI in Turkish
WBSI in TurkishYücel Ağargün, M., Beşiroğlu, L., Kemal Kiran, U., Kara, H., & Akil Ozer, O. (2004). Beyaz Ayi Supresyon Envanteri'nin Geçerlik ve Güvenilirliğine Ilişkin Bir On Calişma [The reliability and validity of the White Bear Suppression Inventory]. Turk psikiyatri dergisi, 15(4), 282–290. http://www.turkpsikiyatri.com/default.aspx?modul=ingilizceOzet&gFPrkMakale=484
Translation is at the end of the article.
Willingness and Action Measure for Children and Adolescents (WAM-C/A)
Willingness and Action Measure for Children and Adolescents (WAM-C/A)Greco, L. A., Murrell, A. R., & Coyne, L. W. (2004). The Willingness and Action Measure for Children and Adolescents.
Lidia Cobos-Sánchez, Juan M. Flujas-Contreras, Inmaculada Gómez (2020) Willingness and Action Measure for Adolescents: Psychometric validation in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.006 The Spanish Version of the WAM-C/A in adolescents is in Appendix A.
WAM-C/A - Spanish
WAM-C/A - SpanishLidia Cobos-Sánchez, Juan M. Flujas-Contreras, Inmaculada Gómez (2020) Willingness and Action Measure for Adolescents: Psychometric validation in Spanish adolescents. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.006 The Spanish Version of the WAM-C/A in adolescents is in Appendix A.
Compassion Measures
Compassion Measures CommunityCompassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS)
Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale (CEAS)Gilbert, P., Catarino, F., Duarte, C. et al. (2017) The development of compassionate engagement and action scales for self and others. Journal of Compassionate Health Care, 4, 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40639-017-0033-3
The CEAS is available on www.compassionatemind.co.uk.
CEAS - Dutch
CEAS - DutchKleissen, Y. (2016) Further validation of The Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales. https://essay.utwente.nl/71044/1/Kleissen_MA_BMS.pdf
CEAS - Japanese
CEAS - JapaneseAsano, K., Kotera, Y., Tsuchiya, M., Ishimura, I., Lin, S., Matsumoto, Y., Matos, M., Basran, J., & Gilbert, P. (2020). The development of the Japanese version of the compassionate engagement and action scales. PloS one, 15(4), e0230875. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0230875
CEAS - Slovak
CEAS - SlovakHalamová, J. Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2020) PSYCHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE SLOVAK VERSION OF THE COMPASSIONATE ENGAGEMENT AND ACTION SCALES. JPER, 28(1), 64-80.
CEAS - Swedish
CEAS - SwedishHenje, E., Rindestig, F. C., Gilbert, P., & Dennhag, I. (2020). Psychometric validity of the Compassionate Engagement and Action Scale for Adolescents: a Swedish version. Scandinavian journal of child and adolescent psychiatry and psychology, 8, 70–80. https://doi.org/10.21307/sjcapp-2020-007
CEAS - Turkish
CEAS - TurkishAri, E., Cesur-Soysal, G., Basran, J., & Gilbert, P. (2022). The Compassionate Engagement and Action Scales for Self and Others: Turkish Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability Study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780077 https://contextualscience.org/compassionate_engagement_and_action_scale_ceas
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)
Self-Compassion Scale (SCS)Reference: Neff, K. D. (2003). Development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223-250. Coding Key: Self-Kindness Items: 5, 12, 19, 23, 26 Self-Judgment Items: 1, 8, 11, 16, 21 Common Humanity Items: 3, 7, 10, 15 Isolation Items: 4, 13, 18, 25 Mindfulness Items: 9, 14, 17, 22 Over-identified Items: 2, 6, 20, 24 Subscale scores are computed by calculating the mean of subscale item responses. To compute a total self-compassion score, reverse score the negative subscale items - self-judgment, isolation, and over-identification - then compute a total mean. (This method of calculating the total score is slightly different than that used in the article referenced above, in which each subscale was added together. However, I find it is easier to interpret the scores if the total mean is used.)
SCS - Arabic
SCS - ArabicHawa Alabdulaziz, Nahed Alquwez, Joseph U. Almazan, Abdulrhman Albougami, Farhan Alshammari, Jonas Preposi Cruz (2020). The Self-Compassion Scale Arabic version for baccalaureate nursing students: A validation study. Nurse Education Today, 89.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104420
SCS - Chinese
SCS - ChineseChen J, Yan L & Zhou L. (2011). Reliability and validity of Chinese version of Self-compassion Scale. Chinese Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 19(6), 734-736.
The Chinese SCS translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Czech
SCS - CzechBenda, J., & Reichová, A. (2016). Psychometrické charakteristiky české verze Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-CZ). Československá psychologie, 60(2), 120-136.
Benda, J. (2018). Alternative models of the Czech version of the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-26-CZ). http://doi.org/ 10.13140/RG.2.2.26763.18724
The Czech SCS translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Estonian
SCS - EstonianTeri Talpsep (2015) MEASURING MINDFULNESS AND SELF-COMPASSION: A QUESTIONNAIRE AND ERP STUDY. Master’s Thesis, University of Tartu. The Estonian version of the self compassion scale (SCS) is in the Appendix.
SCS - French
SCS - FrenchKotsou I, Leys C (2016) Self-Compassion Scale (SCS): Psychometric Properties of The French Translation and Its Relations with Psychological Well-Being, Affect and Depression. PLoS ONE.
The SCS French translation is on www.self-compassion.org
SCS - German
SCS - GermanHupfeld, J. & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 40 (2), 115–123.
The SCS German translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Greek
SCS - GreekKarakasidou, E., Pezirkianidis, C., Galanakis, M., & Stalikas, A. (2017). Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Self Compassion Scale in the Greek Population. Journal of Psychology & Psychotherapy, 7, 313. DOI: 10.4172/2161-0487.1000313
Αλαθνξά: Mantzios, M., Wilson, J. C., & Giannou, K. (2015). Psychometric Properties of the Greek Versions of the Self-Compassion and Mindful Attention and Awareness Scales. Mindfulness, 6(1), 123-132.
The SCS Greek Translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Hungarian
SCS - HungarianTóth-Király, I., Bőthe, B. & Orosz, G. (2017) Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling Analysis of the Self-Compassion Scale. Mindfulness, 8, 881–892. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-016-0662-1
Sági, Andrea & Köteles, Ferenc & V.Komlósi, Annamária. (2013). Az Önmagunk Iránt Érzett Együttérzés (Önegyüttérzés) skála magyar változatának pszichometriai jellemzői [Psychometric characteristics of the Hungarian version of the Self-Compassion (Self-Compassion) scale]. Pszichológia, 33, 293-312. http://doi.org/10.1556/Pszicho.33.2013.4.3.
The SCS Hungarian translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Icelandic
SCS - IcelandicSigurðardóttir, A.A. (2020). The Role of Self-Compassion in Music Performance Anxiety. Thesis. Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland. Retrived from https://skemman.is/handle/1946/36443 The Self-Compassion Scale Icelandic Version is in Appendix D.
Gunnarsdóttir, Á. S. (2019). Correlation of self-compassion, BMI, depression, anxiety, stress and gender in individuals seeking obesity treatment and university students. Thesis. Reykjavík University, Reykjavík, Iceland. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/1946/32924
SCS - Indonesian
SCS - IndonesianSugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. (2020). Reliabilitas dan validitas SelfCompassion Scale versi bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat. http://doi.org/10.24854/jpu02020-337
The SCS Indonesian translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Italian
SCS - ItalianSelf Compassion Scale (SCS)
Neff, K.D. (2003). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. DOI: 10.1080/15298860390209035
Referenza bibliografica: Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Panzera., A., Romitelli M. (2015). A preliminary study on validating the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) in Italian adolescents. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 13 Poster Session – Berlin, German- July 14-19, 2015. Il presente studio è in corso di aggiornamento. Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
Veneziani, C. A., Fuochi, G., & Voci, A. (2017). Self-compassion as a healthy attitude toward the self: Factorial and construct validity in an Italian sample. Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 60-68. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.028 Contatto: alberto.voci@unipd.it
The SCS Italian translation is on www.self-compassion.org
SCS - Japanese
SCS - JapaneseArimitsu, K. (2014). Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Japanese Journal of Psychology, 85(1), 50-59. The SCS Japanese translation is on www.self-compassion.org
SCS - Korean
SCS - KoreanLee, W. K., & Lee, K. (2010). The Validation Study of the Korean Version of Self-Compassion Scale with Adult Women in Community. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association, 49(2), 193–200.
The SCS Korean translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Lithuanian
SCS - LithuanianDiržytė, Aistė & Sabaitytė, Eglė (2016) Psychological capital, self-compassion, and life satisfaction of unemployed youth. International Journal of Psychology: Biopsychosocial Approach 2016 / 19. http://doi.org/10.7220/2345-024X.19.3
SCS - Malay
SCS - MalayAbd Hamid, H. S., Saleh, B. S., Azmi, F., Doan, H. T., Lee, X. J., Lim, J. Y, Che Sakari, N. S., Ooi, G. S., & Jie., Y. S. (2019). VALIDATION OF THE SELF-COMPASSION SCALE IN A MALAYSIAN SAMPLE. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 4 (25). 22-32. http://www.ijepc.com/PDF/IJEPC-2019-25-03-02.pdf
SCS - Norwegian
SCS - NorwegianDundas, I., Svendsen, J. L., Wiker, A. S., Granli, K. V., & Schanche, E. (2016). Selfcompassion and depressive symptoms in a Norwegian student sample. Nordic Psychology, 68(1), 58-72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19012276.2015.1071203
(se «Supplementary Material» til denne artikkelen for de psykometriske egenskapene til norsk versjon av SCS)
The SCS Norwegian translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Persian/Farsi
SCS - Persian/FarsiMOMENI, F., & SHAHIDI, S., & MOOTABI, F., & HEYDARI, M. (2014). PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF A FARSI VERSION OF THE SELF-COMPASSION SCALE (SCS). CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOLOGY, 8(2 (16)), 27-40. https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?id=376431
The Self-Compassion Scale Persian translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Portuguese
SCS - PortugueseSouza, L. K. de, & Hutz, C. S. (2016). Escala de Autocompaixão. In C. S. Hutz (Ed.), Avaliação em Psicologia Positiva (171-173). São Paulo: CETEPP.
Castilho, P., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, J., (2015). Evaluating the Multifactor Structure of the Long and Short Versions of the Self-Compassion Scale in a Clinical Sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22187
The Brazilian Portuguese SCS translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
The Portuguese SCS translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Russian
SCS - RussianЧистопольская К.А., Осин Е.Н., Ениколопов С.Н., Николаев Е.Л., Мысина Г.А., Дровосеков С.Э. (2020) Концепт «Сочувствие к себе»: российская адаптация опросника Кристин Нефф. [The Сoncept of Self-compassion: a Russian Adaptation of the Scale by Kristin Neff] Культурно-историческая психология, 16(4), 35–48. http://doi.org/10.17759/chp.2020160404 The Self Compassion Scale Russian translation is in the article.
SCS - Serbian
SCS - SerbianThe Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) Serbian Translation can be found on the Repository of psychological instruments in Serbian [Repozitorijum psiholoških instrumenata na srpskom jeziku] (REPOPSI). https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5ZB8P
SCS - Sinhala
SCS - Sinhalade Zoysa, P., Kumar, S., Amarasuriya, S.D. & Mendis, N.S.R. (2021). Cultural validation of the Self-Compassion Scale and the Subjective Happiness Scale and the influence of gender on self-compassion and subjective happiness in a Sri Lankan undergraduate population. Asian Journal of Social Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12505
SCS - Slovak
SCS - SlovakHalamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2018). Self-Compassion Scale: IRT Psychometric Analysis, Validation, and Factor Structure - Slovak Translation. Psychologica Belgica, 57(4), 190–209. https://doi.org/10.5334/pb.398 Slovak translation is in Appendix 1.
Halamová, J., Kanovský, M., & Pacúchová, M. (2018). Self-Compassion Scale--Slovak Version (SCS). APA PsycTests. https://doi.org/10.1037/t68832-000
The SCS Slovak Transation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Slovenian
SCS - SlovenianNika Uršič, Daša Kocjančič, Gregor Žvelc (2019) Psychometric Properties of the Slovenian Long and Short Version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Psihologija, 52(2), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI180408029U
The SCS Slovenian translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Spanish
SCS - SpanishGarcia-Campayo J, Navarro-Gil M, Andrés E, Montero-Marin J, López-Artal L, Demarzo MM. (2014). Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS). Health Qual Life Outcomes, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4
The SCS Spanish translation is on www.self-compassion.org
SCS - Thai
SCS - ThaiKatsumata, M. & Mohanan, S.A. (2020) The Influence of Self-Concept on Resilience Being Mediated by Self-Compassion and Compassion for Others Among Thai Adolescents. Scholar : Human Sciences, 12(1), 20-36.
SCS - Turkish
SCS - TurkishDeniz, M. E., Kesici Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of self-compassion scale. Social Behavior and Personality, 36 (9), 1151-1160.
The SCS Turkish translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS - Ukrainian
SCS - UkrainianСахнюк Роксолана Володимирівна (2021). Психометричні властивості української версії Фрайбурзького опитувальника майндфулнес на вибірці повнолітнього. Магістерська робота, Український католицький університет. [Sakhniuk R.V. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Ukrainian version of Freiburg Mindfulness questionnaire on a sample of adults. Master's thesis, Ukrainian Catholic University.] The Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) Ukrainian version is in the appendix. http://www.er.ucu.edu.ua/bitstream/handle/1/2763/Sakhniuk_mag.pdf
SCS - Urdu
SCS - UrduBibi, S. et al. (2017) Effect of Self-Compassion on the Marital Adjustment of Pakistani Adults. Foundation University Journal of Psychology, 1(2), 52-66. https://fui.edu.pk/fjs/index.php/fujp/article/view/52
SCS - Vietnamese
SCS - VietnameseNguyen Phuoc, C. & Ngoc Nguye, Q-A. (2020). Self-Compassion and Well-being among Vietnamese Adolescents. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 20 (3), 327-341.
Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF)
Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF)Raes, F., Pommier, E., Neff, K.D. & Van Gucht, D. (2011). Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 18, 250-255. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
The SCS-SF is on self-compassion.org.
SCS-SF - Chinese
SCS-SF - ChineseMeng, R., Yu, Y., Chai, S., Luo, X., Gong, B., Liu, B., Hu, Y., Luo, Y., & Yu, C. (2019). Examining psychometric properties and measurement invariance of a Chinese version of the Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF) in nursing students and medical workers. Psychology research and behavior management, 12, 793–809. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S216411
SCS-SF - Dutch
SCS-SF - DutchRaes F, Pommier E, Neff KD, Van Gucht D. (2011) Construction and factorial validation of a short form of the Self-Compassion Scale. Clin Psychol Psychother, 18(3), 250-5. http://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.702
The Dutch SCS-Short Form translation is on www.self-compassion.org.
SCS-SF - Italian
SCS-SF - ItalianVeneziani, Chiara A. (2015) Consapevolezza, accettazione e comprensione di sé: associazioni con il benessere individuale e l'apertura prosociale. [Dissertation]. The Italian Self-Compassion Scale Short Form items are in Tabella 2.1.
SCS-SF - Japanese
SCS-SF - JapaneseMihoko NAKAMINE,Munenaga KODA,Yoshinori ITO and Hiroshi SATO (2015) Self-Compassion Scale Short Form 中学生版の作成と 信頼性・妥当性の検討 [Development of the Self-Compassion Scale Short Form for Junior High School Students]. 関西大学『社会学部紀要』第47巻第 1 号,2015,21‒30. The Japanese SCS-SF items are in table 1.
SCS-SF - Persian
SCS-SF - PersianKhanjani S, Foroughi A A, Sadghi K, Bahrainian S A. (2016) Psychometric properties of Iranian version of self-compassion scale (short form) . Pajoohande, 21(5), 282-289.
URL: http://pajoohande.sbmu.ac.ir/article-1-2292-en.html
SCS-SF - Portuguese
SCS-SF - PortugueseReferences:
Rocha, L., Braga Pereira, L., & Leonel Peluso, M. (2022). Self-Compassion Scale - Short Form (SCS-SF): initial evidence of validity in Brazil. Revista Psicologia em Pesquisa, 16(2).
Castilho, P., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, J., (2015). Evaluating the Multifactor Structure of the Long and Short Versions of the Self-Compassion Scale in a Clinical Sample. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 71, 856-870. http://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22187
SCS-SF - Slovenian
SCS-SF - SlovenianNika Uršič, Daša Kocjančič, Gregor Žvelc (2019) Psychometric Properties of the Slovenian Long and Short Version of the Self-Compassion Scale. Psihologija, 52(2), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI180408029U
SCS-SF - Spanish
SCS-SF - SpanishReferences
Lluch-Sanz, C., Galiana, L., Vidal-Blanco, G., & Sansó, N. (2022) Psychometric Properties of the Self-Compassion Scale—Short Form: Study of Its Role as a Protector of Spanish Nurses Professional Quality of Life and Well-Being during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nursing Reports, 12, 65-76. https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep12010008
Garcia-Campayo J, Navarro-Gil M, Andrés E, Montero-Marin J, López-Artal L, Demarzo MM. (2014). Validation of the Spanish versions of the long (26 items) and short (12 items) forms of the SelfCompassion Scale (SCS). Health Qual Life Outcomes, 12(4). http://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-12-4 The SCS-SF Spanish version is in the Annex.
SCS-SF - Swedish
SCS-SF - SwedishAnna Bratt & Cecilia Fagerström (2020) Self-compassion in old age: confirmatory factor analysis of the 6-factor model and the internal consistency of the Self-compassion scale-short form. Aging & Mental Health, 24(4), 642-648. http://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2019.1569588
Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y)
Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y)Kristin D. Neff, Karen Bluth, István Tóth-Király, Oliver Davidson, Marissa C. Knox, Zachary Williamson & Andrew Costigan (2021) Development and Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Youth. Journal of Personality Assessment, 103, 1, 92-105. DOI: 10.1080/00223891.2020.1729774
The SCS-Y is available on self-compassion.org.
SCS-A - Portuguese
SCS-A - PortugueseCunha, M., Xavier, A., & Vitória, I. (2013). Avaliação da auto-compaixão em adolescentes: Adaptação e qualidades psicométricas da Escala de Auto-Compaixão. [Assessment of self-compassion in adolescents: Adaptation and psychometric properties of the Self-Compassion Scale]. Revista de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente [Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychology], 4(2), 95-117. Retrieved from https://estudogeral.uc.pt/bitstream/10316/46877/1/2013_Avalia%c3%a7%c3%a3o%20da%20auto-compaix%c3%a3o%20em%20adolescentes.pdf
SCS-CA - German
SCS-CA - GermanGruber, E., Baumann, I., Vonderlin, E. et al. (2023). Translation and Factorial Validation of the Self-Compassion Scale for Adolescents in a German Community Sample. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 32, 1318–1331. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-023-02569-1
SCS-Y - Greek
SCS-Y - GreekKarakasidou, E. , Raftopoulou, G. , Pezirkianidis, C. & Stalikas, A. (2021). Validity, Reliability and Factorial Structure of the Self Compassion Scale-Youth Version in the Greek Population. Psychology, 12, 536-553. http://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.124033.
SCS-Y - Persian
SCS-Y - PersianNazari, N., Hernández, R.M., Ocaña-Fernandez, Y. et al. (2022). Psychometric Validation of the Persian Self-Compassion Scale Youth Version. Mindfulness, 13, 385–397. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01801-7
SCS-Y - Thai
SCS-Y - ThaiSelf-Compassion Scale for Youth-Thai version is available on https://self-compassion.org/
SCS-Y - Turkish
SCS-Y - TurkishÇAKMAK, Aygen; KANAK, Mehmet; ÖZKUBAT, Seda (2018). ÇOCUKLAR İÇİN ÖZ ŞEFKAT ÖLÇEĞİ: TÜRKÇEYE UYARLAMA ÇALIŞMASI. [SELF-COMPASSION SCALE FOR CHILDREN: TURKISH ADAPTATION STUDY.] Electronic Turkish Studies, 13(26), 295-305.
State Self Compassion Scale
State Self Compassion ScaleFor an experimental study on perspective taking on self relevant negtaive thoughts, we adapted the self compassion scale short form to be a state version. The manuscript is under review, here is how we decirbed the measure:
2.4.3. State Self-Compassion Scale (SSCS)
The SSCS is an adapted seven item, self-report measure based on the 26 item Self- Compassion Scale (SCS; Neff, 2003b). The SCS contains six subscales: Self-Kindness, Self- Judgement, Common Humanity, Isolation, Mindfulness and Over-Identification. The original SCS demonstrated good discriminant validity, test-retest reliability (r = .93) and internal reliability (Cronbach's α = .92). The adapted version for the present study included one item from each subscale and an additional item from the Self-Kindness subscale. The wording was also modified to measure state rather than trait self-compassion for a specific thought. Example items include, “As I think this thought right now, I am being disapproving and judgmental towards myself,” and “As I have this thought right now, I am able to be understanding and patient towards those aspects of myself that I don't like”. The resulting scale for this study was the State Self-Compassion Questionnaire, consisting of 7 items measured on a 5-point Likert scale, with possible answers ranging from ‘almost never’ to ‘almost always’. In the present study, the SSCS demonstrated good internal reliability (α = .73). Likewise, Pendrous and Hulbert-Williams (2017) developed a similar state adaptation of the SCS that had a reported alpha of .78.
To make the measure more generally useable in experimental preparations the version attahced her has had the words 'As I think this thought' removed. Items, scoring details and brief psychometric properties are in the attached document.
**** Whilst preparing this I found that Kristin Neff has actually published a state version of the Self Compassion Scale Short Form, in Septmber 2020. It wasn't available when we were looking for such a measure****
You can access that published version here and the article describing it here. It has much better validation that the quick adaptation we made, so I would reccomedn using that scale instead.
The citation for that scale is: Neff, K. D., Tóth-Király, I., Knox, M., Kuchar, A. & Davidson, O. (2020). The development and validation of the State Self-Compassion Scale (long and short form). Mindfulness. Advance online publication. DOI:10.1007/s12671-020-01505-4
SSCS - Japanese
SSCS - JapaneseChishima, Y., Sugawara, D., & Mizuno, M. (2022, April 26). Supportive Evidence for the State Self-Compassion Scale Using Japanese Samples. https://doi.org/10.1037/pas0001144 The Japanese Version of the State Self-Compassion Scale 日本語版状態セルフ・コンパッション尺度 is in the Appendix.
SSCS - Spanish
SSCS - SpanishThe Escala de Autocompasión-estado (Spanish State Self-Compassion Scale) is available on https://self-compassion.org
FAP Measures
FAP Measures CommunityAwareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale (ACRS)
Awareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale (ACRS)Kuczynski, A.M. et al (2020) Measuring intimacy as a contextual behavioral process: Psychometric development and evaluation of the Awareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 16, 199-208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.004 The ACRS items are in Table 2.
ACRS - Spanish
ACRS - SpanishOrtiz-Fune, C., Arias, M.F., Martínez-Cervantes, R.J. (2021) Spanish Adaptation of the Awareness, Courage and Responsiveness Scale: Preliminary Psychometric Properties in Non-clinical Samples. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.06.006 The Spanish translation of the ACRS items are in Table 2.
Experiencing of Self Scale (EOSS)
Experiencing of Self Scale (EOSS)Experiencing of Self Scale (EOSS) for assessment in FAP
Valero-Aguayo, L., Ferro-García, R., López-Bermúdez, M. ángel, & Selva-López De Huralde, M. D. L. ángeles. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Experiencing Of Self Scale (EOSS) for assessment in functional analytic psychotherapy. Psicothema, 26(3), 415-422. https://reunido.uniovi.es/index.php/PST/article/view/10490 The original EOSS and the translation are in Table 1.
Kanter, J. W., Parker, C. R., & Kohlenberg, R. J. (2001). Finding the self: A behavioral measure and its clinical implications. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 38(2), 198-211.
EOSS - Spanish
EOSS - SpanishValero-Aguayo, L., Ferro-García, R., López-Bermúdez, M. ángel, & Selva-López De Huralde, M. D. L. ángeles. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Experiencing Of Self Scale (EOSS) for assessment in functional analytic psychotherapy. Psicothema, 26(3), 415-422. The original EOSS and the translation are in Table 1.
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale (FAPIS)
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale (FAPIS)Leonard, R.C., Knott, L.E., Lee, E.B. et al. (2014). The Development of the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale. The Psychological Record, 64, 647–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-014-0089-
Singh, R.S., Wetterneck, C., & O'Brien, W. (2020). Psychometric evaluation of the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic, 84(2), 156-179. https://doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2020_84_06
Functional Idiographic Assessment Template (FIAT)
Functional Idiographic Assessment Template (FIAT)Callaghan, G. M. (2006). The Functional Idiographic Assessment Template (FIAT) system: For use with interpersonally-based interventions including Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) and FAP-enhanced treatments. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7(3), 357-398. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0100160 The FIAT is in the article.
Functional Idiographic Assessment Template-Questionnaire (FIAT-Q)
Functional Idiographic Assessment Template-Questionnaire (FIAT-Q)Darrow, S.M., Callaghan, G.M., Bonow, J.T., & Follette, W.C. (2014). The Functional Idiographic Assessment Template-Questionnaire (FIAT-Q): Initial psychometric properties. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(2), 124-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2014.02.002 The FIAT-Q is in the appendix.
FIAT-Q - Polish
FIAT-Q - PolishKwestionariusz dotyczący relacji interpersonalnych autorstwa Glenna M. Callaghana w polskim tłumaczeniu Marcina Domurata i Jana Topczewskiego.
The FIAT-Q Polish translation can be found on the ACBS Poland Chapter website. https://acbs.pl/zasoby/materialy/
Life Snapshot Inventory (LSI)
Life Snapshot Inventory (LSI)Ruiz-García, A., Macías-Morón, J. J., Ferro-García, R., & Valero-Aguayo, L. (2021). Spanish Validation of the "Life Snapshot Inventory". International journal of psychological research, 14(2), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5095
Aldahadha B. (2023). Validity of the Jordanian Version of the Life Snapshot Inventory. Social Sciences, 12(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020057
LSI - Arabic
LSI - ArabicAldahadha B. (2023). Validity of the Jordanian Version of the Life Snapshot Inventory. Social Sciences, 12(2), 57. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12020057
LSI - Spanish
LSI - SpanishRuiz-García, A., Macías-Morón, J. J., Ferro-García, R., & Valero-Aguayo, L. (2021). Spanish Validation of the "Life Snapshot Inventory". International journal of psychological research, 14(2), 9–17. https://doi.org/10.21500/20112084.5095
Miscellaneous Measures
Miscellaneous Measures CommunityRFT Measures
RFT MeasuresRFT Measures of Acceptance and Experiential Avoidance
- Levin, M.E., Haeger, J. & Smith, G.S. Examining the Role of Implicit Emotional Judgments in Social Anxiety and Experiential Avoidance. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 39, 264–278 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10862-016-9583-5
- Drake, C.E., Timko, C.A. & Luoma, J.B. Exploring an Implicit Measure of Acceptance and Experiential Avoidance of Anxiety. Psychol Rec 66, 463–475 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-016-0186-z
RFT Measures of Clinical Issues
- Chan, G., Dermot Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y. Stewart, I. (2009) Implicit Attitudes to Work and Leisure Among North American and Irish Individuals: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 9(3), 317-334.
- Cullen, C., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y. et al. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP ) and the Malleability of Ageist Attitudes. Psychol Rec 59, 591–620 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395683
- Power, P., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y. et al. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) as a Measure of Implicit Relative Preferences: A First Study. Psychol Rec 59, 621–640 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395684
- Vahey, N.A., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y. et al. A First Test of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure as a Measure of Self-Esteem: Irish Prisoner Groups and University Students. Psychol Rec 59, 371–387 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03395670
- Dawson, D. L., Barnes-Holmes, D., Gresswell, D. M., Hart, A. J. P., & Gore, N. J. (2009). Assessing the implicit beliefs of sexual offenders using the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure: A First Study. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 21(1), 57-75.
Shame Measures
Shame Measures CommunityChronic Illness-related Shame Scale (CISS)
Chronic Illness-related Shame Scale (CISS)Trindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Chronic illness-related shame: Development of a new scale and novel approach for IBD patients’ depressive symptomatology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(1), 255–263. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2035
(original version in Portuguese from Portugal)
CISS - Portuguese
CISS - PortugueseTrindade, I. A., Ferreira, C., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Chronic illness-related shame: Development of a new scale and novel approach for IBD patients’ depressive symptomatology. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 24(1), 255–263. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2035
(original version in Portuguese from Portugal)
Internalized Shame Scale (ISS)
Internalized Shame Scale (ISS)Internalized Shame Scale. Reference: Rosario, P.M. & White, R.M. (2006). The Internalized Shame Scale: Temporal stability, internal consistency, and principal components analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 95–103.
ISS - Italian
ISS - ItalianINTERNALIZED SHAME SCALE (ISS)
Rosario, P.M. & White, R.M. (2006). The Internalized Shame Scale: Temporal stability, internal consistency, and principal components analysis. Personality and Individual Differences, 41, 95–103.
Traduzione Italiana (1.0) a cura di Lijoi, E., Cioci, M., Francesconi, C., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Violini, P., Ristè, N. (2013) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Traduzione Italiana (2.0) a cura di Violini, P., Lijoi, E., Ristè, N., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., (2014) AISCC, Gruppo Ricerca ACT.
Referenza bibliografica: Lijoi, E., Violini, P., Rossi, E., Melchiorri, E., Ristè, N., Panzera, A., (2014). Validity and reliability of an Italian version of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS) for Youth. Poster presented at ACBS World Conference 12 Poster Session - Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA - June 17-22, 2014.
Per informazioni: segreteria@aiscc.it – www.aiscc.it
ISS - Korean
ISS - KoreanInsuk Lee, Haerim Choi. (2005) Validation Study of the Internalized Shame Scale (ISS). Journal of the Korean Psychological Association: Counseling and Psychotherapy, 17.3, 651-670.
ISS - Norwegian
ISS - NorwegianArne Vikan, Anne Marit Hassel, Arild Rugset, Hedda Eline Johansen & Tomas Moen (2010) A test of shame in outpatients with emotional disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 64(3), 196-202. DOI: 10.3109/08039480903398177
ISS - Portuguese
ISS - PortugueseMatos, M., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Duarte, C. (2012). When I don't Like Myself: Portuguese Version of the Internalized Shame Scale. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 15(3), 1411-1423. http://doi.org/10.5209/rev_SJOP.2012.v15.n3.39425
Stigma Measures
Stigma Measures CommunityPerceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS)
Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS)Perceived Stigma of Substance Abuse Scale (PSAS) is attached. Login to your ACBS account to see the attachment.
Luoma, J. B., O'Hair, A. K., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Fletcher, L. (2010). The development and psychometric properties of a new measure of perceived stigma toward substance users. Substance Use and Misuse, 45, 47-57.
PSAS - Hindi
PSAS - HindiMattoo, S.K. & Sarkar, S. (2012). Validation of Hindi version of perceived stigma of substance abuse scale. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 28 (3-4), 117-120. The full text of the article can be found on researchgate.net.
PSAS - Vietnam
PSAS - VietnamStockton, M. A., Mughal, A. Y., Bui, Q., Greene, M. C., Pence, B. W., Go, V., & Gaynes, B. N. (2021). Psychometric performance of the perceived stigma of substance abuse scale (PSAS) among patients on methadone maintenance therapy in Vietnam. Drug and alcohol dependence, 226, 108831. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108831
Stigmatizing Attitudes–Believability (SAB)
Stigmatizing Attitudes–Believability (SAB)Assesses believability of negative thoughts towards clients.
Reference: Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K. & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-835.
Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS)
Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS)Substance Abuse Self-Stigma Scale (SASSS) is attached. Please login to your ACBS account to see the attachment.
Luoma, J.B.,Nobles, R. H., Drake, C., E., Hayes, S. C., O-Hair, A., Fletcher, L., & Kohlenberg, B. S. (2013). Self-Stigma in Substance Abuse: Development of a New Measure. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 1-12.
Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ)
Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ)Lillis, J., Luoma, J.B., Levin, M.E., & Hayes, S.C. (2010). Measuring weight self-stigma: The Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire. Obesity, 18(5), 971-976.
The WSSQ is available at stevenchayes.com.
WSSQ - Arabic
WSSQ - ArabicBinDhim N.F., Althumiri N.A., Basyouni M.H., Sims O.T., Alhusseini N., & Alqahtani S.A. (2020) Arabic Translation of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire: Instrument Validation Study of Factor Structure and Reliability.
JMIR Formative Research, 4(11), e24169. doi: 10.2196/24169 Arabic Translation of the WSSQ is in the Multimedia Appendix 1.
WSSQ - Chinese
WSSQ - ChineseLin, K. P., & Lee, M. L. (2017). Validating a Chinese version of the Weight Self-stigma Questionnaire for use with obese adults. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 23(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/ijn.12537
WSSQ - French
WSSQ - FrenchMaïano, C., Aimé, A., Lepage, G., ASPQ Team, & Morin, A. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ) among a sample of overweight/obese French-speaking adolescents. Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity, 24(3), 575–583. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-017-0382-0 The French translation of the WSSQ is in table 3.
WSSQ - German
WSSQ - GermanHain, B., Langer, L., Hünnemeyer, K. et al. (2015). Translation and Validation of the German Version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ). Obesity Surgery. 25, 750–753. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11695-015-1598-6
WSSQ - Italian
WSSQ - ItalianRossi, A.A., Manzoni, G.M., Pietrabissa, G. et al. (2022). Weight stigma in patients with overweight and obesity: validation of the Italian Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (WSSQ). Eating and Weight Disorders, 27, 2459–2472. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40519-022-01385-8
WSSQ - Persian
WSSQ - PersianWSSQ - Turkish
WSSQ - TurkishSevincer, G.M., Kaya, A., Bozkurt, S., Akin, E., & Kose, S. (2017). Reliability, validity, and factorial structure of the Turkish version of the Weight Self-Stigma Questionnaire (Turkish WSSQ). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27, 386-392. http://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1379717
Other Measures
Other Measures CommunityACT ADVISOR Measure
ACT ADVISOR MeasureACT ADVISOR
ACT ADVISOR is a hexaflex-based self-report measure of psychological flexibility, its name being an acronym for the hexaflex processes (Acceptance; Commitment & Taking action; Attention to present; Defusion; Values Identification; Self as Observer; and Resulting psychological flexibility). It may be used both in case formulation and in tracking progress during therapy.
On being presented with this “double hexaflex” diagram, users are asked to choose where they would place themselves on the six different scales representing these core ACT processes, each with “opposite” statements at either end. Scoring is simply a matter of recording the user’s numerical responses and totalling them to give their Resulting psychological flexibility score. If ACT ADVISOR is administered repeatedly, scores can be tracked using the charts provided.
The idea for using the hexaflex as a diagnostic/ case formulation tool was, I believe, originally Kelly Wilson's and his materials (see The Hexaflex Dimensional Approach to Diagnostics) influenced the development of this instrument. Steve Hayes made helpful suggestions about the anchor statements for each process in earlier drafts, and I am also grateful for the ACT listserv community’s interest and input.
ACT ADVISOR statement rating form offers an alternative format. In this version users are asked to rate 12 statements independently of each other and without the possible steer of the double hexaflex diagram. Instructions for scoring this version are provided separately, with the Resulting psychological flexibility score here being converted to a percentage.
ACBS members login their account to see attachments.
Submitted by David Chantry
ACT Advisor - Swedish
ACT Advisor - SwedishACT Advisor Svenska: https://contextualscience.org/files/ACT.Case_.Concepualisation.svens%20ka.Livheim.%C3%B6vers.2016.04.20.pdf
Adult OCD Impact Scale (AOIS)
Adult OCD Impact Scale (AOIS)Wetterneck, C. et al. (2020) Development and validation of the Adult OCD Impact Scale (AOIS): A measure of psychosocial functioning for adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 18, 287-293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.10.005 The AOIS is in the Appendix.
Brief COPE
Brief COPECarver, C.S. (1997) You want to measure coping but your protocol’ too long: Consider the brief cope. Int. J. Behav. Med., 4, 92. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327558ijbm0401_6
The Brief COPE is available at miami.edu.
Brief COPE - Arabic
Brief COPE - ArabicAlghamdi, M. (2020) Cross-cultural validation and psychometric properties of the Arabic Brief COPE in Saudi population. Medical Journal of Malaysia, 75, 5, 502-509. Full text available on journal website.
Brief COPE - Chinese
Brief COPE - ChineseShao Di, Gao Qingling, Guo Wei (2015). Analysis of reliability and validity of Brief COPE in adolescents experienced explosion events. Journal: Chinese Nursing Research, 34, 4249-4253.
YU Pengpeng, YUAN Lu, WANG Dongfang, Bob Lew, PING Fan, JIA Cunxian (2019) Reliability and validity of Brief COPE Scale in medical college students. Journal of Shandong University(Health Sciences), 2019(01), 101-106
Brief COPE - Dutch
Brief COPE - DutchMarije Dollen, Gert-Jan Pepping, Bob Grove (2015) A comparison of coping-styles of individual and team athletes of Australia and the Netherlands. International Sports Studies.
Brief COPE - French
Brief COPE - FrenchBaumstarck, K., Alessandrini, M., Hamidou, Z. et al. (2017). Assessment of coping: a new french four-factor structure of the brief COPE inventory. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 15, 8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-016-0581-9
Muller, L., Spitz, E. (2003). Multidimensional assessment of coping: Validation of the Brief COPE among French population. Encephale, 29(6), 507-518.
Brief COPE - German
Brief COPE - GermanKnoll, N., Rieckmann, N., & Schwarzer, R. (2005). Coping as a mediator between personality and stress outcomes: A longitudinal study with cataract surgery patients. European Journal of Personality, 19, 229-247.
The Brief COPE in German is available on miami.edu
Brief COPE - Greek
Brief COPE - GreekKapsou, M., Panayiotou, G., Kokkinos, C. M., & Demetriou, A. G. (2010). Dimensionality of coping: an empirical contribution to the construct validation of the brief-COPE with a Greek-speaking sample. Journal of health psychology, 15(2), 215–229. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105309346516
The Brief COPE - Greek is available on miami.edu
Brief COPE - Italian
Brief COPE - ItalianMonzani, D., Steca, P., Greco, A., D'Addario, M., Cappelletti, E., & Pancani, L. (2015). The Situational Version of the Brief COPE: Dimensionality and Relationships With Goal-Related Variables. Europe's journal of psychology, 11(2), 295–310. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v11i2.935
Brief COPE - Japanese
Brief COPE - JapaneseYasumasa Otsuka (2008). 理論的作成方法によるコーピング尺度--COPE [The COPE inventory: a theoretically based coping questionnaire]. Hiroshima psychological research (8), 121-128. http://doi.org/10.15027/26794
Brief COPE - Korean
Brief COPE - KoreanKim, Y., & Seidlitz, L. (2002). Spirituality moderates the effect of stress. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(8), 1377-1390. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00128-3
The Brief COPE - Korean is available on miami.edu
Brief COPE - Malay
Brief COPE - MalayYusoff, N., Low, W.Y. & Yip, C.H. (2009) RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF THE MALAY VERSION OF BRIEF COPE SCALE: A STUDY ON MALAYSIAN WOMEN TREATED WITH ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPY FOR BREAST CANCER. Malaysian Journal of Psychiatry, 18 (1), 1-9.
Muhamad Saiful Bahri Yusoff (2011) The Validity of the Malay Brief COPE in Identifying Coping Strategies among Adolescents in Secondary School. International Medical Journal, 18(1), 29 - 33. The Brief COPE items translation is in Table 1.
Brief COPE - Norwegian
Brief COPE - NorwegianHoel, Geirdal AØ. Belastning, mestring og psykisk helse hos pårørende til mennesker med ruslidelse. Sykepleien Forskning. 2016 http://doi.org/10.4220/Sykepleienf.2016.59839
Kristiansen, E., Roberts, G. C., & Abrahamsen, F. E. (2008). Achievement involvement and stress coping in elite wrestling. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports, 18(4), 526–538. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2007.00646.x
Brief COPE - Persian
Brief COPE - PersianAshktorab, T., Baghcheghi, N., Seyedfatemi, N., & Baghestani, A. (2017). Psychometric parameters of the Persian version of the BriefCOPE among wives of patients under hemodialysis. Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 31, 20. https://doi.org/10.18869/mjiri.31.20
Brief COPE - Portuguese
Brief COPE - PortugueseBrasileiro, S. V., Orsini, M. R., Cavalcante, J. A., Bartholomeu, D., Montiel, J. M., Costa, P. S., & Costa, L. R. (2016). Controversies Regarding the Psychometric Properties of the Brief COPE: The Case of the Brazilian-Portuguese Version "COPE Breve". PloS one, 11(3), e0152233. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0152233
Dias, C., Cruz, J. F., & Fonseca, A. M. (2009). Anxiety and coping strategies in sport contexts: a look at the psychometric properties of Portuguese instruments for their assessment. The Spanish journal of psychology, 12(1), 338–348. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1138741600001736
Brief COPE - Sinhala
Brief COPE - SinhalaWeeratunga E, Senadheera C, Hettiarachchi M, Perera B. (2021). Validation of the Sinhalese Version of Brief COPE Scale for patients with cancer in Sri Lanka. BMC Psychology, 10, 157. DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00863-z
Brief COPE - Spanish
Brief COPE - SpanishGarcía, F. E., Barraza-Peña, C. G., Wlodarczyk, A., Alvear-Carrasco, M., & Reyes-Reyes, A. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Brief-COPE for the evaluation of coping strategies in the Chilean population. Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS, 31(1), 22. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-018-0102-3
Vargas-Manzanares, Sandra Paola; Herrera-Olaya, Gina Paola; Rodríguez-García, Laura; Sepúlveda Carrillo, Gloria Judith (2010) Confiabilidad del cuestionario Brief COPE Inventory en versión en español para evaluar estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes con cáncer de seno [Reliability of the Questionnaire Brief COPE Inventory in Spanish Version for Assessing Coping Strategies in Patients with Breast Cancer]. Investigación en Enfermería: Imagen y Desarrollo, 12, 1, 7-24. https://www.redalyc.org/pdf/1452/145216903002.pdf
Perczek, R., Carver, C. S., Price, A. A., & Pozo-Kaderman, C. (2000). Coping, mood, and aspects of personality in Spanish translation and evidence of convergence with English versions. Journal of personality assessment, 74(1), 63–87. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327752JPA740105
The Brief COPE Spanish Translation is available at miami.edu.
Brief COPE - Urdu
Brief COPE - UrduAsma Nisa & Salma Siddiqui (2020) Urdu Translation and Adaptation of Brief COPE Scale. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 35(1), 1-21. https://doi:org/10.33824/PJPR.2020.35.1.1 The Urdu Version of the Brief COPE can be found on psychologyroots.com
Brief COPE - Vietnamese
Brief COPE - VietnameseShoko Matsumoto, et al. (2020). Validation of the Brief Coping Orientation to Problem Experienced (Brief COPE) inventory in people living with HIV/AIDS in Vietnam. Global Health & Medicine, 2(6), 374-383. https://doi.org/10.35772/ghm.2020.01064
COPE
COPEReference: Carver, C. S., Scheier, M. F., & Weintraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoretically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(2), 267-283.
Description from abstract of original paper:
"We developed a multidimensional coping inventory to assess the different ways in which people respond to stress. Five scales (of four items each) measure conceptually distinct aspects of problem-focused coping (active coping, planning, suppression of competing activities, restraint coping, seeking of instrumental social support); five scales measure aspects of what might be viewed as emotion-focused coping (seeking of emotional social support, positive reinterpretation, acceptance, denial, turning to religion); and three scales measure coping responses that arguably are less useful (focus on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement). Study 1 reports the development of scale items. Study 2 reports correlations between the various coping scales and several theoretically relevant personality measures in an effort to provide preliminary information about the inventory's convergent and discriminant validity. Study 3 uses the inventory to assess coping responses among a group of undergraduates who were attempting to cope with a specific stressful episode. This study also allowed an initial examination of associations between dispositional and situational coping tendencies."
COPE - Arabic
COPE - ArabicFahmi H. Fadhel (2015). Psychometric Properties of COPE Inventory in a Yemeni Sample. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/JEPS/160119
COPE - Chinese
COPE - ChineseZhang Weidong. (2001). STUDY ON THE DIMENSIONALITY OF THE COPING INVENTORY(COPE). Acta Psychologica Sinica, 33(01), 55-62. http://journal.psych.ac.cn/acps/EN/Y2001/V33/I01/55
COPE - Croatian
COPE - CroatianHudek-Knežević, J., Kardum, I. and Vukmirović, Ž. (1999). The structure of coping styles: a comparative study of croatian sample. Eur. J. Pers., 13, 149-161. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0984(199903/04)13:2<149::AID-PER326>3.0.CO;2-Z
COPE - Dutch
COPE - DutchKleijn, W. C., van Heck, G. L., & van Waning, A. (2000). Ervaringen met een Nederlandse bewerking van de COPE copingvragenlijst. De COPE-Easy [Experiences with a Dutch adaptation of the COPE coping questionnaire: The COPE-Easy]. Gedrag & Gezondheid: Tijdschrift voor Psychologie en Gezondheid, 28(4), 213–226.
COPE - Estonian
COPE - EstonianKallasmaa, T. & Pulver, A. (2000) The structure and properties of the Estonian COPE inventory. Personality and Individual Differences, 29(5), 881-894. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00240-8
COPE - Greek
COPE - GreekMagda Dinou, Despina Moraitou, Georgia Papantoniou, Anastasia Kalogiannidou, Aphrodite Papantoniou (2013) Ψυχομετρικές ιδιότητες της ελληνικής εκδοχής του Ερωτηματολογίου Προσανατολισμών στην Αντιμετώπιση Προβλημάτων [Psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced - COPE Inventory]. Scientific Annals - School of Psychology AUTh, 10, 163-192. http://ejournals.lib.auth.gr/psyannals/article/view/4270
COPE - Italian
COPE - ItalianClaudio Sica, Caterina Novara, Stella Dorz, & Ezio Sanavio (1997) Coping strategies: Evidence for cross-cultural differences? A preliminary study with the Italian version of coping orientations to problems experienced (COPE). Personality and Individual Differences, 23(6), 1025-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00112-8
COPE - Japanese
COPE - JapaneseYasumasa Otsuka (2008). 理論的作成方法によるコーピング尺度--COPE [The COPE inventory: a theoretically based coping questionnaire]. Hiroshima psychological research (8), 121-128. http://doi.org/10.15027/26794 The Japanese COPE items are in table 2.
COPE - Latvian
COPE - LatvianPetrova, I. (2009) Paškategorizācijas, uztvertā stresa un stresa pārvarēšanas stratēģiju saistība ar bezdarbnieku priekšstatiem par izredzēm atgriezties darba tirgū. Thesis. http://dspace.lu.lv/dspace/handle/7/9975
COPE - Portuguese
COPE - PortugueseCabral, J., & Mena Matos, P. (2010). Cope-inventory: Teste da estrutura factorial com uma amostra de jovens adultos universitários. PSICOLOGIA, 24(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.17575/rpsicol.v24i1.296
COPE - Romanian
COPE - RomanianCraovan, D.I. & Sava, Florin. (2013). Translation, adaptation, and validation on romanian population of cope questionnaire for coping mechanisms analysis. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 17, 61-76. The Romanian version of the COPE is in the appendix.
COPE - Russian
COPE - RussianRasskazova, E. I., Gordeeva, T. O., & Osin, E. N. (2013). Koping-strategii v strukture deyatel'nosti i samoregulyatsii: psikhometricheskie kharakteristiki i vozmozhnosti primeneniya metodiki COPE [Coping Strategies in the Structure of Activity and Self-Regulation: Psychometric Properties and Applications of the COPE Inventory]. Psychology. Journal of Higher School of Economics, 10(1), 82-118. (in Russian) https://psy-journal.hse.ru/ru/2013-10-1/78932127.html
COPE - Serbian
COPE - SerbianThe COPE Serbian Transation and the Brief COPE Serbian Translation can be found on the Repository of psychological instruments in Serbian [Repozitorijum psiholoških instrumenata na srpskom jeziku] (REPOPSI). https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/5ZB8P
COPE - Slovak
COPE - SlovakHalamová, J., Kanovský, M., Krizova, K., et al. (2021). The Factor Structure and External Validity of the COPE 60 Inventory in Slovak Translation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 800166. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.800166
COPE - Spanish
COPE - SpanishThe COPE in Spanish is available at https://local.psy.miami.edu/people/faculty/ccarver/availbale-self-report-instruments/cope/cope-in-spanish/
COPE - Turkish
COPE - TurkishMehmet Yücel AĞARGÜN, Lütfullah BEŞİROĞLU, Ümit Kemal KIRAN, Ömer Akil ÖZER, Hayrettin KARA (2005) COPE (Başa Çıkma Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği): Psikometrik özelliklere ilişkin bir ön çalışma [The psychometric properties of the COPE inventory in Turkish
sample: a preliminary research]. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 6, 221-226. Full text of the article is on www.researchgate.net
COPE - Ukrainian
COPE - UkrainianKovalenko, Y.V. (2019). Adaptation and validation of the Ukrainian dispositional ‘cope’ questionnaire. Університет імені Альфреда Нобеля (Alfred Nobel University), Серія «Педагогіка і психологія». Педагогічні науки, 2 (18). http://doi.org/10.32342/2522-4115-2019-2-18-9
Emotion Efficacy Scale (EES2) - Revised
Emotion Efficacy Scale (EES2) - RevisedOverview
The Emotion Efficacy Scale (EES2) assesses the degree to which people can respond to a full range of emotions in a contextually-sensitive, values-consistent manner. The original version of the scale was first published in Emotion Efficacy Therapy (McKay & West, 2016). It has since been revised and validated in English, Farsi and Turkish. (See references below).
Professionals can use the scale in conjunction with administering the Emotion Efficacy Therapy protocol in a group or individual format, or as an adjunct to increasing emotional intelligence, psychological flexibility, and resilience in clinical or coaching work.
This scale has been validated for adults ages 18 and older.
Developer
Aprilia West, PsyD, MT, PCC
Scoring/ Interpretation
10 items total
Items 3-8 are reverse scored
Score can range from 10-50
Items are summed; a higher score indicates higher emotion efficacy
Percentile Rankings
Based on a validation study (n=24) with a clinical population:
Total score >19: 25th percentile
Total score >25: 50th percentile
Total score >31: 75th percentile
Total score >37: 90th percentile
Use of this scale
No permission is needed to use this scale for clinical purposes. If you are using this scale in conjunction with research, please notify aprilia@drapriliawest.com.
Download the EES2 below for the most recent version of the scale and for scoring instructions.
Learn More:
Bozkurt, F., Uzun, R. B., & West, A. (2024). Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Emotion Efficacy Scale– 2 in a Sample of Turkish Emerging Adults. Emerging Adulthood, 0(0). https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968241247878.
Foroughi, A. A., Parvizifard, A., Sadeghi, K., & Moghadam, A. P. (2021). Psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 43(2), 101–107. https://doi.org/10.47626/2237-6089-2018-0106.
Shannon, M. (2018). Measuring Emotion Regulation, Psychological Flexibility and Valued Living through the Emotion Efficacy Scale: A Validation Study. The Wright Institute, Berkeley California.
www.emotionefficacytherapy.com
Forms of Responding to Self-Critical Thoughts Scale’ (FoReST)
Forms of Responding to Self-Critical Thoughts Scale’ (FoReST)White, R.G., Larkin, P., McCluskey, J., Lloyd, J., & McLeodd, H.J. (2020). The development of the ‘Forms of Responding to Self-Critical Thoughts Scale’ (FoReST). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 20-29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.11.003
FoReST - Turkish
FoReST - TurkishMehmet Emrah Karadere & Huseyin Sehid Burhan (2021) Turkish Version of the Forms of Responding to Self-Critical Thoughts Scale (FoReST): A Reliability and Validity Analysis over Non-Clinical Samples. Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 11(1):57-62. http://doi.org/10.5455/PBS.20210315025754
The Türkish version of the FoReST is on the ACBS Türkiye Chapter website
Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ)
Generalized Pliance Questionnaire (GPQ)Ruiz, F.J. et al (2019) Development and initial validation of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.003 English and Spanish translations of the GPQ are in the Supplementary material Appendix.
GPQ - Polish
GPQ - PolishDudek, J., Cyniak-Cieciura, M. & Ostaszewski, P. (2023). The Polish adaptation of the measurements of rule-governed behaviors: Generalized Pliance Questionnaire, Generalized Tracking Questionnaire and Generalized Self-Pliance Questionnaire. PLOS ONE, 18(4), e0283795. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283795 The Polish versions of the GPQ, GTQ, and GSPQ are in Table 1.
GPQ - Spanish
GPQ - SpanishRuiz, F. J., Odriozola-González, P., & Suárez-Falcón, J. C. (2020 in press). Psychometric properties of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire in Spain. European Journal of Psychological Assessment. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000614
Ruiz, F.J. et al (2019) Development and initial validation of the Generalized Pliance Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2018.03.003 The Spanish translation of the GPQ is in the Supplementary material Appendix.
MindFlex Assessment System
MindFlex Assessment SystemTHE SERVICE
The MindFlex Assessment System is an online service designed for therapists using ACT [or Mindfulness-based] interventions. The MindFlex system:
- provides standardized profiles showing how individual clients are functioning across 21 well-validated indices
- provides a straightforward and easy method for therapists to track the process of change in therapy.
The MINDFLEX SYSTEM assesses:
- 7 dimensions of flexibility
- 7 additional dimensions of inflexibility
- 2 main dimensions of psychological distress (depressive & anxiety symptoms)
- 5 dimensions of well-being
HOW TO GET STARTED:
By enrolling yourself as a clinician in the project (2-5min survey) and then enrolling individual clients (3-5min survey), you can have clients complete a 15-20min survey assessing all of these scales.
WEBSITE DETAILING THE SERVICE
Each time a client completes a MindFlex assessment, we will then score the responses, and integrate that information into a standardized profile to show you how that client is doing compared to thousands of others. If that client has completed a previous MindFlex assessment, then the profile generated will help you track statistically significant change.
COST FOR THE SERVICE:
The MindFlex service is entirely free of charge. In fact, roughly the first 100 therapists to help us pilot this service can receive up to $100 in compensation and their clients can receive up to $80 for participating in the MindFlex Assessment Project, conducted by Dr. Ron Rogge.
Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ)
Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ)Framson, C., Kristal, A. R., Schenk, J. M., Littman, A. J., Zeliadt, S., & Benitez, D. (2009). Development and validation of the mindful eating questionnaire. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 109(8), 1439–1444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.05.006
MEQ - Brazilian Portuguese
MEQ - Brazilian PortugueseMindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) Brazilian Portuguese version
Corresponding author: Paola Lucena-Santos, Ph.D. in Clinical Psychology.
E-mail: paolabc2.lucena@gmail.com
WhatsApp: +55 (51) 998055874
Affiliation: CINEICC - Cognitive Behavioral Research Center (Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Coimbra)
MEQ - Chinese
MEQ - ChineseZhang, Q., Hugh-Jones, S. & O'Connor,D.B. (2022). Investigation of psychometric properties of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire in Chinese adolescents and young adults using mixed methods. Appetite, 176, 106097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106097
MEQ - Greek
MEQ - GreekKoptsi, I., Tsapekos, D. & Goulis, D. (2022). ADAPTATION OF THE MINDFUL EATING QUESTIONNAIRE IN GREEK. Hellenic Journal of Psychology, 19(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.26262/hjp.v19i1.7884
MEQ - Italian
MEQ - ItalianClementi, C., Casu, G., & Gremigni, P. (2017). An Abbreviated Version of the Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 49(4), 352–356.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2017.01.016
MEQ - Korean
MEQ - KoreanSeung-Hye Choi, Eun-Mi Lee, Hae-Young Lee. (2018). Psychometric Evaluation of Korean Version of Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Journal of the Korean Wellness Society, 13.1, 63-72.
MEQ - Malay
MEQ - MalayAbdul Basir, S.M., Abdul Manaf, Z., Ahmad, M., Abdul Kadir, N.B., Ismail, W.N.K., Mat Ludin, A.F., & Shahar, S. (2021) Reliability and Validity of the Malay Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ-M) among Overweight and Obese Adults. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031021 Translation is in Appendix A.
MEQ - Persian
MEQ - PersianReferences:
Abbaspoor, Z., Javadifar, N., Miryan, M. et al. (2018) Psychometric properties of the Iranian version of mindful eating questionnaire in women who seeking weight reduction. J Eat Disord 6, 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-018-0220-4
Rezaei, S. & Jahanbin, E. (2022). Translation and Validation of the Persian Version of Mindful Eating Questionnaire. Caspian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 8(2), 76-89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/CJNS.8.29.2
MEQ - Romanian
MEQ - RomanianSerban, D. M., Serban, C. L., Ursoniu, S., Putnoky, S., Moleriu, R. D., & Putnoky, S. (2022). Mindful Eating Questionnaire: Validation and Reliability in Romanian Adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(17), 10517. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710517
MEQ - Turkish
MEQ - TurkishReferences:
Gizem KÖSE, Muhittin TAYFUR, İnci BİRİNCİOĞLU, Aslıhan DÖNMEZ (2016) Yeme Farkındalığı Ölçeği’ni Türkçeye Uyarlama Çalışması [Adaptation Study of the Mindful Eating Questiıonnare (MEQ) into Turkish.] Journal of Cognitive-Behavioral Psychotherapy and Research, 5(3), 125-134. DOI: 10.5455/JCBPR.250644
Kömürcü Akik, B., & Yiğit, İ. (2023). Evaluating the psychometric properties of the mindful eating questionnaire: Turkish validity and reliability study. Curr Psychol, 42, 12661–12670. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02502-z
Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children (MEQ-C)
Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children (MEQ-C)Kocaadam-Bozkurt, B., Köksal, E. & Özalp Ateş, F.S. (2022). Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children: Validation and Reliability in Turkish Children. Mindfulness, 13, 1469–1478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01889-5
MEQ-C (Chinese)
MEQ-C (Chinese)Wang, D., Hu, Y., Zhou, H., Ye, Z., & Fu, J. (2022). Translation and Modification of a Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children Assisted by Item Response Theory in Chinese Children and Adolescents. Nutrients, 14(14), 2854. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14142854
MEQ-C (Turkish)
MEQ-C (Turkish)Kocaadam-Bozkurt, B., Köksal, E. & Özalp Ateş, F.S. (2022). Mindful Eating Questionnaire for Children: Validation and Reliability in Turkish Children. Mindfulness, 13, 1469–1478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01889-5
New SVS version
New SVS versionWe've also similarly updated the SVS. Please use this version rather than the previously posted one.
Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPF)
Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PPF)Burke, K., Moore, S. (2015). Development of the Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46, 548–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0495-x
Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQII)
Personal Values Questionnaire II (PVQII)We were a bit reluctant to do this as it basically invalidates what little prior data there is for the Personal Values Questionnaire, but it made sense to us under the circumstances.
We’ve gone through two sets of reformatting and rewording the instrument. The first ‘re-draft’ was spurred by Ann Bailey, who rightfully noted that the wording of some of the Likert items was a bit complicated for those with a sub-college writing level and that the ordering of the Likert questions did not flow very well. This re-draft has been up on the ACBS site for a couple of years now.
The most recent changes occurred late last year. In the process of translating the instrument into German, Andrew Gloster and two of his doctoral students at Dresden Technical University noted that the prompts provided for the domain-specific values narratives differed across domains.
I had initially done this to provide a variety of ways of talking about values in the hope that subjects who had not been through ACT therapy might still ‘get’ what a value is. Andrew, I think rightfully, questioned this strategy as the different prompts might differentially cue different qualities of responses across domains, resulting in narratives (and subsequently, Likert ratings on those narratives) that might be functionally different.
So, in advance of that translation, we decided on a uniform values narrative prompt to be used across all domains. That served as the basis for the German translation, which I’ve also attached. I’m posting both of these on the ACBS site, but wanted to send them here as well as I know some others have used or plan to use the PVQ for research, etc (Martin Cernval from Uppsala University will be beginning a Swedish translation soon, for example).
I thought about further modifying the instrument (e.g., I really like Kelly Wilson’s addition of Parenting and Aesthetics values domains to the VLQ), but the instrument is beastly enough already. Functionally, it’s still the same instrument—except, hopefully, the aspects of the original instrument that functioned to confuse some subjects and potentially yield differentially ‘ACT-consistent’ (for lack of a better phrase) across domains have been eliminated!
PVQ II - German
PVQ II - German CommunityPVQ II - Japanese
PVQ II - JapanesePersonal Values Questionnaire II (PVQ II) is a scale that measures the value of "value", which is the core process of ACT, and the behavior along with the value in each area of life. PVQⅡ has an 8-item 3-factor structure.
Rimi Doi, Kengo Yokomitsu, Yuji Sakano (2014). Verification of the internal consistency and validity of Personal Values Questionnaire II. Behavior Therapy Research, 40 (1), 45-55.
The PVQ II Japanese version is on the ACBS Japan Chapter website.
PVQ-II - Spanish
PVQ-II - SpanishEn adjunto está la traducción y adaptación al español del PVQ-II (que está en esta página). La traducción fue realizada por Solange Estévez y Dalila Acuña, del equipo de diseminación de Grupo ACT Argentina (https://grupoact.com.ar/el-cuestionario-de-valores-personales-ii/)
Tiene algunas adaptaciones menores de formato respecto al original en inglés (como separar las puntuaciones de las descripciones en las escalas Likert), y está en castellano neutro.
Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ)
Personal Values Questionnaire (PVQ)This is a new approach developed by J. T. Blacklege and Joe Ciarocchi at the University of Wollongong.
In an August 2005 email J. T. said this:
Joseph Ciarrochi & I (with invaluable suggestions from Steve) have just finished designing two new ACT values questionnaires that borrow elements from Sheldon's Personal Striving assessment form (Joseph discovered Kennon Sheldon's work a while back and it pointed us in a direction we felt might enhance ACT values assessment). One is a full-length form called the Personal Values Questionnaire (which measures all 9 ACT values domains); the second is called the Social Values Survey (which measures only social, family, and couples relationships) that we tailored for a brief intervention with young adolescents.
There is currently no psychometric data for either (they are changed enough that Sheldon's Personal Striving data is largely irrelevant), though we will be validating the SVS on a sample of 8th graders in a few weeks, and validating the PVQ on a university student sample early next year. Please feel more than free to validate these questionnaires on any samply you see fit (just let us know--we'd love to see the data). The format of the questionnaire is close enough to Sheldon's for us to expect the measures to have similarly reasonable psychometric properties, but, of course, who knows until we see data.
We had two primary purposes in mind while we were designing these instruments. First, we wanted to describe each values domain in a way likely to influence subjects to write relatively ACT-consistent values--even if these subjects had not been exposed to ACT therapy. As we all know, ACT talks about values in a different way than the term is usually used--and it's thus hard to expect someone not familiar with ACT to state a value in an ACT-consistent way without interacting with a therapist. We wanted to make it clear to subjects that by value, we are referring to unilateral actions that are likely to lead to increased vitality, meaning, purpose--not static end states that appear implicitly out of one's control. In other words, to avoid getting responses like "I value close friendships", we included prompts like, "What kinds of friendships would you most like to build? If you were able to be the best friend possible, how would you behave toward your friends? For example, you might value building friendships that are supportive, considerate, caring, accepting, loyal, or honest—but choose for yourself which qualities you would most like to bring to your friendships.
Some subtle changes from wording used on previous versions of values questionnaires, but we felt the 'build' theme, along with examples, seemed to provide the kind of prompts that might be more helpful. Second, we wanted to include Likert-scale questions that assessed things like how much each stated value might be a function of things like pliance or experiential avoidance. Steve oriented us back toward RFT/rule governed behaviour terms that capture what we were trying to assess: as it stands now, question one under each values domain on the SVS and PVQ assesses pliance, question 2 assesses avoidant tracking, and questions 3 & 4 assess augmentals. There are also items that get at importance of each value, effectiveness in moving toward it, etc. As it stands (using Sheldon's scoring algorithms and common sense), subtracting the sum of items 1 & 2 from the sum of items 3 & 4 would yield a sort of 'value purity' score that tells us to what degree a subject/client values the stated value for the reasons we'd hope for from an ACT perspective (higher positive score = greater 'purity' of the value; negative score means the 'value' is actually a function of pliance and/or avoidance).
Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire
Psychological Flexibility QuestionnaireBen-Itzhak, S., Bluvstein, I., & Maor, M. (2014). The Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire (PFQ): Development, Reliability and Validity. WebmedCentral PSYCHOLOGY, 5(4), WMC004606. DOI: 10.9754/journal.wmc.2014.004606
Questionnaire on Self-Transcendence
Questionnaire on Self-TranscendenceThis scale, informed by ACT and other contextual cognitive behavioral therapies, measures three related factors:
1. Distancing from content of mental experience (informed by cognitive defusion)
2. Observing self - capacity to "notice the noticer" of experiences (informed by self-as-context)
3. Inter-transcendence - capacity to recognize transcendent connection between self and other beings (informed by aspects of self-as-context and RFT)
The scale is available for public use.
Please cite the scale as follows:
Fishbein, J. N., Baer, R. A., Correll, J., & Arch, J. J. (2020). The Questionnaire on Self-Transcendence (QUEST): A measure of trait self-transcendence informed by contextual cognitive behavioral therapies. Assessment, In press. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191120980061
Scale for Personality Rigidity
Scale for Personality RigidityScale for personality rigidity.
Reference: Rehfisch, J.M. (1958). A scale for personality rigidity. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 22, 11-15.
This scale has been found to relate to rule governed behavior in laboratory studies.
Wulfert, E., Greenway, D. E., Farkas, P., Hayes, S. C., & Dougher, M. J. (1994). Correlation between a personality test for rigidity and rule-governed insensitivity to operant contingencies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 659-671.
From abstract:
"Adults were selected on the basis of their scores on the Scale for Personality Rigidity (Rehfisch, 1958). Their scores served as a measure of hypothesized rule governance in the natural environment. Experiment 1 studied the effects of accurate versus minimal instructions and high versus low rigitidy on performance on a multiple differential-reinforcement-of-low-rate (DRL) 4-s fixed-ratio (FR) 18 schedule. When the schedule was switched to extinction, accurate instructions and high rigidity were associated with greater perseveration in the response pattern subjects developed during the reinforcement phase. In Experiment 2, the effects of rigidity and of accurate versus inaccurate instructions were studied. Initially, all subjects received accurate instructions about an FR schedule. The schedule was then switched to DRL, but only half of the subjects received instructions about the DRL contingency, and the other half received FR instructions as before. Accurate instructions minimized individual differences because both high and low scorers on the rigidity scale earned points in DRL. However, when inaccurate instructions were provided, all high-rigidity subjects follow them although they did not earn points on the schedule, whereas most low-rigidity subjects abandoned them and responded appropriately to DRL. The experiments demonstrate a correlation between performances observed in the human operant laboratory and a paper-and-pencil test of rigidity that purportedly reflects important response styles that differentiate individuals in the natural environment. Implications for applied research and intervention are discussed."
Tacting of Function Scale (TOF)
Tacting of Function Scale (TOF)Pierce, B.G. & Levin, M.E. (2019). Preliminary validation and reliability assessment of a 10-item Tacting of Function Scale. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 322-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.01.002 The Tacting of Function Scale can be downloaded from the Utah State University ACT Research Group.
Teacher Psychological Flexibilty Scale (TPFS)
Teacher Psychological Flexibilty Scale (TPFS)Teacher Psychological Flexibilty Scale was developed in Turkish.
Çelik Aslan, H. & Tuzgöl Dost, M. (2023). ÖĞRETMEN PSİKOLOJİK ESNEKLİK ÖLÇEĞİ’ NİN GELİŞTİRİLMESİ [DEVELOPMENT OF THE TEACHER PSYCHOLOGICAL FLEXIBILITY SCALE]. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 22(85), 86-102. DOI: 10.17755/esosder.1197849
Thought Control Questionnaire
Thought Control QuestionnaireThe Thought Control Questionnaire assesses different methods used to control unwanted/aversive thoughts. The measure can be downloaded here.
Reference: Wells, A., & Davies, M. I. (1994). The thought control questionnaire: A measure of individual differences in the control of unwanted thoughts. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 32, 871–878.
Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)
Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20)Authors: R. Michael Bagby, James D. A. Parker and Graeme J. Taylor
The TAS is a 20-item instrument that is one of the most commonly used measures of alexithymia. Alexithymia refers to people who have trouble identifying and describing emotions and who tend to minimise emotional experience and focus attention externally.
The TAS-20 has 3 subscales:
• Difficulty Describing Feelings subscale is used to measure difficulty describing emotions. 5 items – 2, 4, 11, 12, 17.
• Difficulty Identifying Feeling subscale is used to measure difficulty identifying emotions. 7 items – 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14.
• Externally-Oriented Thinking subscale is used to measure the tendency of individuals to focus their attention externally. 8 items – 5, 8, 10, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20.
Scoring: The TAS-20 is a self-report scale that is comprised of 20 items. Items are rated using a 5-point Likert scale whereby 1 = strongly disagree and 5 = strongly agree. There are 5 items that are negatively keyed (items 4, 5, 10, 18 and 19). The total alexithymia score is the sum of responses to all 20 items, while the score for each subscale factor is the sum of the responses to that subscale. The TAS-20 uses cutoff scoring: equal to or less than 51 = non-alexithymia, equal to or greater than 61 = alexithymia. Scores of 52 to 60 = possible alexithymia.
Reliability: Demonstrates good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = .81) and test-retest reliability (.77, p<.01). Validity: Research using the TAS-20 demonstrates adequate levels of convergent and concurrent validity. The 3 factor structure was found to be theoretically congruent with the alexithymia construct. In addition, it has been found to be stable and replicable across clinical and nonclinical populations.
Reference: Bagby, R. M., Parker, J. D. A. & Taylor, G. J. (1994). The twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale-I. Item selection and cross-validation of the factor structure. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 38, 23-32." Information quoted from Ciarrochi, J. & Bilich, L. (2006). Process measures of potential relevance to ACT. Unpublished manuscript, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Please see http://www.gtaylorpsychiatry.org/tas.htm for additional details.
TAS-20 - Albanian
TAS-20 - AlbanianArenliu, A., Krasniqi, B., Kelmendi, K., & Statovci, S. (2021). Exploring Factor Validity of 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in Albanian Clinical and Nonclinical Samples. SAGE Open. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020988726
TAS-20 - Arabic
TAS-20 - ArabicEl Abiddine, F. Z., Dave, H., Aldhafri, S., El-Astal, S., Hemaid, F., & Parker, J. D. A. (2017). Cross-validation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: Results from an Arabic multicenter study. Personality and Individual Differences, 113, 219–222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.03.017
TAS-20 - Bulgarian
TAS-20 - BulgarianPopov, V., Psederska, E., Peneva, E., Bozgunov, K., Vasilev, G., Nedelchev, D., & Vassileva, J. (2016). Psychometric Characteristics of the Bulgarian Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Psychological Research, 19(2), 25-42. The Bulgarian translation of the TAS-20 items is in table 1. The full text of the article can be found at venpopov.com
TAS-20 - Chinese
TAS-20 - ChineseYUAN Yonggui, SHEN Zuohua, ZHANG Xiangrong, WU Aiqin, SUN Houchun, ZHANG Ning, ZHANG Xinbao, LI Hailin (2003) The reliability and validity of Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS - 20). SICHUAN MENTAL HEALTH, Year: 2003 Issue: 1, 25-27.
Xiongzhao Zhu, Jinyao Yi, Shuqiao Yao, Andrew G. Ryder, Graeme J. Taylor, & R. Michael Bagby (2007) Cross-cultural validation of a Chinese translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 48(5), 489-496. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2007.04.007
Ling, Y., Zeng, Y., Yuan, H., & Zhong, M. (2016). Cross-cultural validation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in Chinese adolescents. Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 23(3-4), 179–187. https://doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12298
TAS-20 - Croatian
TAS-20 - CroatianKusevic, Z., Civljak, M., Rukavina, T. V., Babic, G., Loncar, M., Cusa, B. V., & Gregurek, R. (2013). The Connection between Alexithymia and Somatic Morbidity in a Population of Combat Veterans with Chronic PTSD. Acta informatica medica: AIM: journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina, 21(1), 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5455/AIM.2013.21.7-11
TAS-20 - Czech
TAS-20 - CzechAnna Faltýnková (2018) Souvislost alexithymie a závislosti na online hraní. Thesis. The Czech version of the TAS-20 is in the Appendix.
TAS-20 - Dutch
TAS-20 - DutchKooiman, C. G., Spinhoven, P., & Trijsburg, R. W. (2002). The assessment of alexithymia. A critical review of the literature and a psychometric study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 53, 1083-1090. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00348-3
Meganck, R., Vanheule, S., & Desmet, M. (2008). Does the TAS-20 measure alexithymia? A study of natural language use. 28th European Conference on Psychosomatic Research, Abstracts. Presented at the 28th European Conference on Psychosomatic Research (ECPR - 2012).
Inslegers, R., Meganck, R., Ooms, E., Vanheule, S., Bagby, M., Taylor, G., De Fruyt, F., et al. (2013). The Dutch language version of the Toronto structured interview for Alexithymia: reliability, concurrent validity, and factor structure. PSYCHOLOGICA BELGICA, 53(1), 93–116.
TAS-20 - Finnish
TAS-20 - FinnishMatti Joukamaa, Jouko Miettunen, Pirkko Kokkonen, Minna Koskinen, Juhani Julkunen, Jussi Kauhanen, Jari Jokelainen, Juha Veijola, Kristian Läksy, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin (2001). Psychometric properties of the Finnish 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 55(2), 123-127. http://doi.org/10.1080/08039480116694
Säkkinen, P. et al. (2007) Psychometric Properties of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale and Prevalence of Alexithymia in a Finnish Adolescent Population. Psychosomatics, 48 (2), 154-161. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psy.48.2.154
TAS-20 - French
TAS-20 - FrenchWatters, C.A., Taylor, G.J., Ayearst, L., Bagby, R.M. (2019) Measurement invariance of English and French language versions of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 35, 29-36.
Loas, G., Fremaux, D., & Marchand, M. P. (1995). Etude de la structure factorielle et de la cohérence interne de la version française de l'échelle d'alexithymie de Toronto à 20 items (TAS-20) chez un groupe de 183 sujets sains [Factorial structure and internal consistency of the French version of the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in a group of 183 healthy probands]. L'Encephale, 21(2), 117–122.
Loas G., Otmani O., Verrier A., Fremaux D. & Marchand M.P. (1995) Factor Analysis of the French Version of the 20-ltem Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). Psychopathology, 29, 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1159/000284983
TAS-20 - German
TAS-20 - GermanGrabe, H.J., Löbel, S, Dittrich, D., Bagby, R.M., Taylor, G.J., Quilty, L.C., Spitzer, C., Barnow, S., Mathier, F., Jenewein, J., Freyberger, H.J., Ruffer, M. (2009). The German Version of the Toronto Structured Interview for Alexithymia: Factor Structure, Reliability, and Concurrent Validity in a Psychiatric Patient Sample. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50, 424-430.
Bach, M., Bach, D., de Zwaan, M., & Serim, M. (1996). Validierung der deutschen Version der 20-Item Toronto-Alexithymie-Skala bei Normalpersonen und psychiatrischen Patienten [Validation of the German version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in normal adults and psychiatric inpatients]. PPmP: Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie, 46(1), 23–28.
TAS-20 - Greek
TAS-20 - GreekIoannis Tsaousis, Graeme Taylor, Lena Quilty, Stelios Georgiades, Marios Stavrogiannopoulos, R. Michael Bagby (2010) Validation of a Greek adaptation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 51(4), 443-448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.09.005 Full text of the article is on psychology.soc.uoc.gr
TAS-20 - Hindi
TAS-20 - HindiPandey, R., Mandal, M.K., Taylor, G.J. & Parker, J.D.A. (1996). Cross-cultural alexithymia: Development and validation of a Hindi translation of the 20-item Toronto alexithymia scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52, 173-176. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199603)52:2<173::AID-JCLP8>3.0.CO;2-V
TAS-20 - Hungarian
TAS-20 - HungarianCserjesi Renata , Luminet Olivier , Lenard Laszlo (2007) RELIABILITY AND FACTOR VALIDITY OF THE HUNGARIAN TRANSLATION OF THE TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE IN UNDERGRADUATE STUDENT SAMPLES. Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review), 62,3, 355-368.
Cserjesi, Renata & Luminet, Olivier & Lénárd, László. (2007). A Torontói Alexitímia Skála (TAS-20) magyar változata: Megbízhatósága és faktorvaliditása egyetemista mintán [Hungarian version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): Reliability and factor validity in a student sample]. Magyar Pszichológiai Szemle, 62. https://doi.org/10.1556/mpszle.62.2007.3.4
TAS-20 - Indonesian
TAS-20 - IndonesianGeni, P. (2020). Struktur Internal dan Validitas Konstruk dari Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) dengan Sampel Mahasiswa pada Universitas di Jakarta. JP3I (Jurnal Pengukuran Psikologi dan Pendidikan Indonesia), 9(1), 30-40. https://doi.org/10.15408/jp3i.v9i1.15450
TAS-20 - Italian
TAS-20 - ItalianBressi, C. et al. (1996) Cross validation of the factor structure of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: An Italian multicenter study. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 41(6), 551-559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(96)00228-0
TAS-20 - Japanese
TAS-20 - JapaneseKomaki, G., Maeda, M., Arimura, T., Nakata, A., Shinoda, H., OgataI Shimura, M., Kawamura, N., & Kubo, C. (2003) The reliability and factorial validity of the Japanese version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 55(2), 143. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00360-X
Moriguchi, Y., Maeda, M., Igarashi, T. et al. (2007) Age and gender effect on alexithymia in large, Japanese community and clinical samples: a cross-validation study of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). BioPsychoSocial Med 1, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-1-7
TAS-20 - Korean
TAS-20 - KoreanWoon-Sun Jeong, et al. (2003). Comparison of Reliability and Validity of Three Korean Versions of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Psycho-Physical Medicine, 11(1), 77 - 88.
TAS-20 - Latvian
TAS-20 - LatvianLaura Bubko, Annija Mežmača, Inese Jurķāne, Zane Lucāne, Artūrs Ancāns “TORONTO – ALEXITHYMIA SCALE 20” SCORES AMONG PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS COMPARED TO OTHER INPATIENTS. PROCEEDINGS OF THE 58th INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONFERENCE OF DAUGAVPILS UNIVERSITY.
TAS-20 - Lithuanian
TAS-20 - LithuanianBeresnevaitė, M., Taylor, G.J., Parker, J.D.A., & Andziulis, A. (1998). Cross validation of the factor structure of a Lithuanian translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Acta Medica Lituanica, 5(2): 146-149.
TAS-20 - Macedonian
TAS-20 - MacedonianPop-Jordanova, N., Polenakovic, M., Pop-Jordanov, J., Shaltanovska, H., & Trajceska, L. (2013). Are Macedonian chronic patients alexithymic? Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija na Naukite i umetnostite. Oddelenie za Medicinski Nauki), 34(3), 31-38.
Pop-Jordanova N, Boskovska V. (1995). TAS-20 as a measure of alexithymia in Macedonian population. Neurologia Croatica, 44(1), 60.
TAS-20 - Norwegian
TAS-20 - NorwegianPedersen, G., Normann-Eide, E., Eikenaes, I. U., Kvarstein, E. H., & Wilberg, T. (2021 in press). Psychometric evaluation of the Norwegian Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in a multisite clinical sample of patients with personality disorders and personality problems. Journal of clinical psychology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23270
TAS-20 - Persian/Farsi
TAS-20 - Persian/FarsiBesharat, M. A. (2007). Reliability and Factorial Validity of a Farsi Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale with a Sample of Iranian Students. Psychological Reports, 101(1), 209–220. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.209-220
Besharat, M. (2008). Psychometric Characteristics of Persian Version of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 in Clinical and Non-Clinical Samples. Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences, 33(1), 1-6.
TAS-20 - Polish
TAS-20 - PolishŚcigała, D.K., Zdankiewicz-Ścigała, E., Bedyńska, S. & Kokoszka, A. (2020) Psychometric Properties and Configural Invariance of the Polish – Language Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in Non-clinical and Alcohol Addict Persons. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01241
Ścigała, Dawid & Zdankiewicz-Ścigała, Elżbieta & Bedyńska, Sylwia & Kokoszka, Andrzej. (2020). Toronto Alexithymia Scale TAS -20 PL. The Polish TAS-20 is available on researchgate.
TAS-20 - Portuguese
TAS-20 - PortugueseVerissimo R. (2001). Versão Portuguesa da Escala de Alexitimia de Toronto de 20-itens--I. Adaptação linguística, validação semântica, e estudo de fiabilidade [The Portuguese version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale -- I. Linguistic adaptation, semantic validation, and reliability study]. Acta medica portuguesa, 14(5-6), 529–536.
Stivaleti Colombarolli, M., Carolina Zuanazzi, A., Koich Miguel, F., & Giromini, L. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) in Brazil. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56(5), 992–1010. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461519847312
TAS-20 - Romanian
TAS-20 - RomanianRaluca A. Morariu, Lindsay E. Ayearst, Graeme J. Taylor, R. Michael Bagby (2013). DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A ROMANIAN ADAPTATION OF THE 20-ITEM TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE (TAS-20-RO). Revista Romana de Psihiatrie, 4. Full text of the article is available on www.romjpsychiat.ro
TAS-20 - Russian
TAS-20 - RussianStarostina, E. G., Taylor, G. D., Quilty, L. K., Bobrov, A. E., Moshnyaga, E. N., Puzyreva, N. V., Bobrova, M. A., Ivashkina, M. G., Krivchikova, M. N., Shavrikova, E. P., & Bagby, M. (2010). Торонтская шкала алекситимии (20 пунктов): валидизация русскоязычной версии на выборке терапевтических больных [Toronto Alexithymia Scale (20 points): validation of the Russian-language version on a sample of therapeutic patients]. Social and Clinical Psychiatry, 20(4), 31–38.
TAS-20 - Serbian
TAS-20 - SerbianTrajanovic, N., Djurić, V., Latas, M., Milovanović, S., Jovanović, A., & Djurić, D. (2013). Serbian translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: psychometric properties and the new methodological approach in translating scales. Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo, 141 5-6, 366-70. http://doi.org/10.2298/SARH1306366T
The Serbian translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale is in Appendix I. The full text of the article is available on www.semanticscholar.org
TAS-20 - Slovak
TAS-20 - SlovakLÁTALOVÁ, V. & PILÁRIK, Ľ. (2015) OVERENIE RELIABILITY A FAKTOROVEJ VALIDITY SLOVENSKEJ VERZIE DOTAZNÍKA TORONTO ALEXITHYMIA SCALE-20 NA SÚBORE SLOVENSKÝCH ŠTUDENTIEK. Ceskoslovenska Psychologie, 59, 4,369-379.
TAS-20 - Somali
TAS-20 - SomaliReferences:
Kankaanpää, S. (2017). Mental Health Among Somali Origin Migrants in Finland. Dissertation: University of Tampere.
TAS-20 - Spanish
TAS-20 - SpanishGonzález-Arias, M., Martínez-Molina, A., Galdames , S., Urzúa, A. (2018) Psychometric Properties of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in the Chilean Population. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 963. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00963 The TAS-20 Spanish version is in Table 1.
Fernández-Jiménez, E., Pérez-San-Gregoria, A., Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M., Ayearst, L.E., Izquierdo, G. (2013). Psychometric properties of a revised Spanish 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale adaptation in multiple sclerosis patients. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 13, 226-234.
TAS-20 - Swedish
TAS-20 - SwedishSimonsson-Sarnecki, M., Lundh, L. G., Törestad, B., Bagby, R. M., Taylor, G. J., & Parker, J. D. (2000). A Swedish translation of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale: cross-validation of the factor structure. Scandinavian journal of psychology, 41(1), 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9450.00167
TAS-20 - Turkish
TAS-20 - TurkishGüleç, Hüseyin & Kose, Samet & Yazici, Medine & Çıtak, Serhat & Evren, Cuneyt & Borckardt, Jeffrey & Sayar, Kemal. (2009). The Turkish Version of the 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): Reliability, Validity, and Factorial Structure. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19, 214-220.
The Turkish Translation of the TAS-20 is in the Appendix. The full text of the article is available on halileksi.net
TAS-20 - Urdu
TAS-20 - UrduSaba Ghayas, Sadia Niazi, Maria Ghazal and Wajeeha Tahir (2017) Urdu Translation and Validation of Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 43(1), 114-12
Computerized measures
Computerized measuresIn this page I have uploaded a series of computerized measures that I have written in Visual Basic for Applications and used in a few studies. One of these measures, the Deictic Relational Task is a deictic framing measure that captures both deictic accuracy and fluency. We have been developing this measure over the last years with Michael Levin, Steven C. Hayes, Colin Stromberg and others.
There are many advantages to use Microsoft PowerPoint to write your computerized questionnaires and tasks. First of all, it is a highly disseminated software that I think most of you have. Secondly, it can potentially reduce acquiescence bias since you can change the background and format of each measure and you will be more likely to keep the participant's attention throughout.
The code of these slides (which you can find if you add the developer tab under options and click "visual basic") is freely available for modification and improvement as long as your intent is to benefit your clients, research and/or for enhancing the work of other scientist practitioners and researchers. Please, feel free to contact me if you find ways to improve the visual basic code or for questions about it. If you have questions about how to score the Deictic Relational Task or about how to compile all the measures together in a single PowerPoint document, let me know as well.
Note: make sure you enable macro before you try the measure (ex: Powerpoint Options/Trust Center/Trust Center Settings/Macro Settings/Enable all macros).
Research Summaries
Research SummariesThis page includes links to research summaries that are posted throughout the website. Please contact the site administrator if there are additional references or resources not included that would fit in one of the posted lists.
- Outcome Studies. Includes a reference list of published ACT RCT studies.
- Articles Describing the Link Between RFT and ACT. Includes a list of articles discussing the relationship between RFT and ACT
Articles Describing the Link Between RFT and ACT
Articles Describing the Link Between RFT and ACTBelow is a list of articles that describe the relationship between RFT and ACT such as how RFT informs the ACT theory of psychopathology and intervention. Please contact the ACBS office at office@contextualscience.org if you know of additional articles that would be good to include.
• Barnes-Holmes, Y., Boorman, J., Oliver, J. E., Thompson, M., McEnteggart, C., & Coulter, C. (2018). Using conceptual developments in RFT to direct case formulation and clinical intervention: Two case summaries. Journal of contextual behavioral science, 7, 89-96.
• Barnes‐Holmes, Y., Hussey, I., McEnteggart, C., Barnes‐Holmes, D., & Foody, M. (2016). The Relationship between Relational Frame Theory and Middle‐Level Terms in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. The Wiley handbook of contextual behavioral science, 365-382.
• Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., & McEnteggart, C. (2018). Relational Frame Theory: Description, Evidence, and Clinical Applications. (In press).
• Hayes, S. C., & Berens, N. M. (2004). Why Relational Frame Theory alters the relationship between basic and applied behavioral psychology. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Psychotherapy, 4, 341-353.
• Blackledge, J. T., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2009). Core processes in acceptance & commitment therapy. In J. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi, & F. Deane (Eds.), Acceptance and commitment therapy: Contemporary theory, research, and practice (pp. 41-58). Bowen Hills, Australia: Australian Academic Press.
• Blackledge, J. T., Moran, D. J., & Ellis, A. E. (2009). Bridging the divide: Linking basic science to applied psychotherapeutic interventions - A relational frame theory account of cognitive disputation in rational emotive behavior therapy. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 27, 232-248.
• Gross, A. C., & Fox, E. J. (2009). Relational frame theory: An overview of the controversy. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 25, 87-98.
• Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., & McHugh, L. (2004). Relational Frame Theory: Some Implications for Understanding and Treating Human Psychopathology. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 355-375.
• Blackledge, J. T. (2003). An introduction to Relational Frame Theory: Basics and applications. The Behavior Analyst Today, 3(4), 421-433.
• Blackledge, J. T. (2007). Disrupting verbal processes: Cognitive defusion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and other Mindfulness-based Psychotherapies. The Psychological Record, 57(4), 555 - 577.
• Fletcher, L., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Relational Frame Theory, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and a functional analytic definition of mindfulness. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 23(4), 315-336.
• Foody, M., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Luciano, C. (2013). An Empirical Investigation of Hierarchical versus Distinction Relations in a Self-based ACT Exercise. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 13(3), 373-388.
• Friman, P. C., Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1998). Why behavior analysts should study emotion: The example of anxiety. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 137-156.
• Gil-Luciano, B., Ruiz, F. J., Valdivia-Salas, S., & Suarez-Falcon, J. C. (2016). Promoting psychological flexibility on tolerance tasks: Framing behavior through deictic/hierarchical relations and specifying augmental functions. The Psychological Record, 67(1), 1-9.
• Guinther, P. M., & Dougher, M. J. (2015). The clinical relevance of stimulus equivalence and relational frame theory in influencing the behavior of verbally competent adults. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 21–25. doi:10.1016/j.copsyc.2015.01.015
• Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639-665.
• Hayes, S. C., & Gifford, E. V. (1997). The trouble with language: experiential avoidance, rules, and the nature of verbal events.American Psychological Society, 8, 170-173.
• Hayes, S. C., & Ju, W. (1997). The applied implications of rule-governed behavior. In W. O'Donohue (Ed.), Learning and behavior therapy (pp. 374-391). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
• Hayes, S. C., Levin, M., Plumb-Vilardaga, J., Villatte, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy (44), 180-198.
• Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1992). Some clinical implications of contextualistic behaviorism: The example of cognition. Behavior Therapy, 23, 225-249.
• Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1993). Some applied implications of a contemporary behavior-analytic account of verbal events. The Behavior Analyst, 16, 283-301.
• Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303.
• Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (2000). Why it is crucial to understand thinking and feeling: An analysis and application to drug abuse. The Behavior Analyst, 23, 25-43.
• Hussey, I., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Barnes-Holmes, Y. (2015). From Relational Frame Theory to implicit attitudes and back again: clarifying the link between RFT and IRAP research. Current Opinion in Psychology, (2), 11-15.
• Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2009). ACT, RFT, and contextual behavioral science. In J. T. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi, & F. P. Deane (Eds.), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Contemporary research and practice (pp. 1 – 40). Sydney: Australian Academic Press.
• Luciano, C., Ruiz, F. J., Vizcaíno-Torres, R. M., Sánchez-Martín, V., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., & López-López, J. C. (2011). A relational frame analysis of defusion interactions in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. A preliminary and quasi-experimental study with at-risk adolescents. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 11, 165-182.
• Ruiz, F. J. (2010). A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 125-162.
• Torneke, N., Luciano,C., & Valdivia Salas, S. (2008). Rule-Governed Behavior and Psychological Problems. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 8(2), 141-156.
• Zettle, R. D. (2005). The evolution of a contextual approach to therapy: From Comprehensive Distancing to ACT. International Journal of Behavioral and Consultation Therapy, 1, 77-89.
Studies on Computerized Versions of ACT
Studies on Computerized Versions of ACTThere is an ACTing with Technology Special Interest Group (SIG) that ACBS members can join.
Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews
Klimczak, K. S., San Miguel, G. S., Mukasa, N. M., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (2023 in press). A systematic review and meta-analysis of online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a transdiagnostic self-help intervention. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2023.2178498
Wang, J., & Fang, S. (2023). Effects of internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (IACT) on Adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, 25(4), 433-448.
DOI: 10.32604/ijmhp.2023.025304
Han, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022). Efficacy of internet-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, and quality of life: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 24(12), e39727.
DOI: 10.2196/39727
Han, A., & Kim, T. H. (2022). The Effects of Internet-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Process Measures: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of medical Internet research, 24(8), e39182. https://doi.org/10.2196/39182
Herbert, M. S., Dochat, C., Wooldridge, J. S., Materna, K., Blanco, B. H., Tynan, M., Lee, M. W., Gasperi, M., Camodeca, A., Harris, D., & Afari, N. (2022). Technology-supported Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic health conditions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2021.103995
Van de Graaf, D. L., Trompetter, H. R., Smeets, T., & Mols, F. (2021). Online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions for chronic pain: A systematic literature review. Internet Interventions, 26, 100465. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2021.100465
Trindade, I. A., Guiomar, R., Carvalho, S. A., Duarte, J., Lapa, T., Menezes, P., Nogueira, M. R., Patrão, B., Pinto-Gouveia, J., & Castilho, P. (2021). Efficacy of Online-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The Journal of Pain. doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2021.04.003
Thompson, E. M., Destree, L., Albertella, L., & Fontenelle, L. F. (2021). Internet-based acceptance and commitment therapy: A transdiagnostic systematic review and meta-analysis for mental health outcomes. Behavior Therapy, 52(2), 492-507. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.002
Linardon, J. (2020). Can acceptance, mindfulness, and self-compassion be learnt by smartphone apps? A systematic and meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials. Behavior Therapy, 51, 646-658. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.10.002
Nagaraj, M.K., Prabhu, P. (2020). Internet/smartphone-based applications for the treatment of tinnitus: a systematic review. European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, 277, 649–657. DOI: 10.1007/s00405-019-05743-8
Kelson, J, Rollin, A, Ridout, B, & Campbell, A. (2019). Internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for anxiety treatment: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(1):e12530. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.12530
Ren, Z., Zhao, C., Bian, C., Zhu, W., Jiang, G., & Zhu, Z. (2019). Mechanisms of the acceptance and commitment therapy: a meta-analytic structural equation model. Acta Psychologica Sinica, 51(6), 662. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1041.2019.00662
O’Connor, M., Munnelly, A., Whelan, R., & McHugh, L. (2018). The efficacy and acceptability of third-wave behavioral and cognitive ehealth treatments: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Behavior Therapy, 49(3), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2017.07.007
Wei S., Ni S., Xiao M., Gao Y., Luo Q. (2018). Effectiveness of internet-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for improving mental health: A meta-analysis. Journal of Third Military Medical University, 40(14), 1332-1342. Full Text: Available on CAOD
Sierra, M. A., Ruiz, F. J., & Flórez, C. L. (2018). A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Third-Wave Online Interventions for Depression. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 50(2), 126-135. DOI:10.14349/rlp.2018.v50.n2.6
Brown, M., Glendenning, A., Hoon, A. E. & John, A. (2016). Effectiveness of web-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy in relation to mental health and well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 18(8), e221. DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6200
Clinical Trials, Self Help Studies, and Other Related Research
This page includes a running list of relevant clinical trials, self help studies, and other related research testing ACT technologies. (Updated December 2020) If there is a study you would like added to the list, please contact acbsstaff@contextualscience.org who can add it to this page.
Petersen, J. M., Krafft, J., Twohig, M. P., & Levin, M. E. (in press). Evaluating the open and engaged components of acceptance and commitment therapy in an online self-guided website: Results from a pilot trial. Behavior Modification. DOI: 10.1177/0145445519878668
Vilardaga, R., Rizo, J., Palenski, P. E., Mannelli, P., Oliver, J. A., & Mcclernon, F, J. (2020). Pilot randomized controlled trial of a novel smoking cessation app designed for individuals with co-occurring tobacco use disorder and serious mental illness. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1533–1542. DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz202
Räsänen, P., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2020). Examining mediators of change in wellbeing, stress, and depression in a blended, Internet-based, ACT intervention for university students. Internet Interventions, 22, 100343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.invent.2020.100343
Bricker, J. B., Watson, N. L., Mull, K. E., Sullivan, B. M., & Heffner, J. L. (2020). Efficacy of smartphone applications for smoking cessation: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180, 1472-1480.
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.4055
Karekla, M., Savvides, S. N., & Gloster, A. (2020). An avatar-led intervention promotes smoking cessation in young adults: A pilot randomized clinical trial. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 54(10), 747-760.
DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa013
Levin M.E., Krafft J, Seifert S, Lillis J. (2020) Tracking Valued and Avoidant Functions with Health Behaviors: A Randomized Controlled Trial of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Matrix Mobile App. Behavior Modification. doi:10.1177/0145445520913987
Levin, M. E., Petersen, J. M, Durward, C., Bingeman, B., Davis, E., Nelson, C., & Cromwell, S. (2020). A randomized controlled trial of online acceptance and commitment therapy to improve diet and physical activity among adults who are overweight/obese. Translational Behavioral Medicine, Article ibaa123. DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa123
Heffner, J. L., Kelly, M. M., Waxmonsky, J., Mattocks, K., Serfozo, E., Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Watson, N. L., & Ostacher, M. (2020). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus Smokefree.gov for smokers with bipolar disorder. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1543-1552.
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz242
O'Connor, M., Whelan, R., Bricker, J., & McHugh, L. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a smartphone application as an adjunct to acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 51(1), 162-177. DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2019.06.003
Muscara, F., McCarthy, M. C., Rayner, M., Nicholson, J. M., Dimovski, A., McMillan, L., Hearps, S. J. C., Yamada, J., Burke, K., Walser, R., & Anderson, V. A. (2020). Effect of a videoconference-based online group intervention for traumatic stress in parents of children with life-threatening illness: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Network Open, 3(7), e208507. DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.8507
Anthony, C. A., Rojas, E. O., Keffala, V., Glass, N. A., Shah, A. S., Miller, B. J., Hogue, M., Willey, M. C., Karam, M., & Marsh, J. L. (2020). Acceptance and commitment therapy delivered via a mobile phone messaging robot to decrease postoperative opioid use in patients with orthopedic trauma: Randomized controlled trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(7), e17750.
DOI: 10.2196/17750
Viskovich, S, & Pakenham, K. I. (2020). Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program to promote mental health in university students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 929-951. DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22848
Puolakanaho, A., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, S., Lappalainen, R (2020). A psychological flexibility -based intervention for Burnout: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 15, 52-67
Viskovich, S, & Pakenham, K. I. (in press Nov 2019). Randomized controlled trial of a web‐based acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program to promote mental health in university students. Journal of Clinical Psychology.
Paganini S, Lin J, Kählke F, et al. (2019) A guided and unguided internet- and mobile-based intervention for chronic pain: health economic evaluation alongside a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 2019;9:e023390. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-02339
Firestone, J.,Cardaciotto, L., Levin, M. E., Goldbacher, E., Vernig, P., & Eubanks Gambreld, L. (2019) A web-based self-guided program to promote valued-living in college students: A pilot study. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 29-38.
Lappalainen, P., Langrial, S., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Muotka, J., & Lappalainen, R. (2019) ACT for sleep - Internet-delivered self-help ACT for sub-clinical and clinical insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 119-127.
Päivi, L., Sitwat, L., Harri, O., Joona, M., & Raimo, L. (2019). ACT for sleep - Internet-delivered self-help ACT for sub-clinical and clinical insomnia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 12, 119-127.
Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, E., Lappalainen, P., Kaipainen, K., Carlstedt, F., Anclair, M., & Hiltunen, A. (2019). Effectiveness of a web-based acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for wellbeing of parents whose children have chronic conditions: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 13, 94-102.
Krafft, J., Potts, S., Schoendorff, B., & Levin, M.E. (2019). A randomized controlled trial of multiple versions of an acceptance and commitment therapy matrix app for well-being. Behavior Modification, 43, 246-272.
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., & Cruz, R. A. (2019). Tailoring acceptance and commitment therapy skill coaching in the moment through smartphones: Results from a randomized controlled trial. Mindfulness.
Eustis, E. H., Hayes-Skelton, S. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Roemer, L. (2018). Surviving and thriving during stress: A randomized clinical trial comparing a brief web-based therapist assisted acceptance-based behavioral intervention versus waitlist control for college students. Behavior Therapy, 49, 889-903.
Järvelä-Reijonen, E., Karhunen, L., Sairanen, E., Muotka, J., Lindroos, S., Laitinen, J., . . . Kolehmainen, M. (2018). The effects of acceptance and commitment therapy on eating behavior and diet delivered through face-to-face contact and a mobile app: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 2018 (15), 22. doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0654-8 Open access
Hofer, P. D., Waadt, M., Aschwanden, R., Milidou, M., Acker, J., Meyer, A. H., Lieb R., & Gloster, A. T. (2018). Self-help for stress and burnout without therapist contact: An online randomised controlled trial. Work & Stress, 32, 189-208. DOI: 10.1080/02678373.2017.1402389
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., McClure, J. B., Watson, N. L., & Heffner, J. L. (2018). Improving quit rates of web-delivered interventions for smoking cessation: Full scale randomized trial of WebQuit.org versus Smokefree.gov. Addiction, 113, 914-923.
Proctor, B. J., Moghaddam, N. G., Evangelou, N. & das Nair, R. (2018). Telephone-supported acceptance and commitment bibliotherapy for people with multiple sclerosis and psychological distress: A pilot randomised controlled trial. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 9, 103-109.
Levin, M. E., Haeger, J., Pierce, B. G. & Twohig, M. P. (2017). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for mental health problems in college students: A randomized controlled trial. Behavior Modification, 41, 141-162.
Krafft, J., Potts, S., Schoendorff, B., & Levin, M. E. (2017). A randomized controlled trial of multiple versions of an acceptance and commitment therapy matrix app for well-being. Behavior Modification, 43, 246–272.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445517748561
Ivanova, E., Lindner, P., Ly, K. H., Dahlin, M., Vernmark, K., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2016). Guided and unguided acceptance and commitment therapy for social anxiety disorder and/or panic disorder provided via the Internet and a smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 44, 27-35.
Pierce, B., Twohig, M.P., Levin, M.E., (2016) Perspectives on the use of acceptance and commitment therapy related mobile apps: Results from a survey of students and professionals. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(4), 215-224.
Levin, M. E., Hayes, S. C., Pistorello, J., & Seeley, J. R. (2016). Web-based self-help for preventing mental health problems in universities: Comparing acceptance and commitment training to mental health education. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72, 207-225.
Räsänen, P., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2016). An online guided ACT intervention for enhancing the psychological wellbeing of university students: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy 78, 30–42
Barker, E. (2016) The Utility of ACT Based Apps in Healthcare. Dissertation, The University of Edinburgh
Mattila, E., Lappalainen, R., Välkkynen, P., Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, P., Karhunen, L., . . . Ermes, M. (2016). Usage and Dose-Response of a Mobile Acceptance and Commitment Therapy App: Secondary Analysis of the Intervention Arm of a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 4 (3), e90. doi:10.2196/mhealth.5241 Open access
Pots, W.T.M. , Fledderus, M., Meulenbeek, P.A.M., ten Klooster, P.M. , Schreurs, K.M.G. & Bohlmeijer, E.T. (2016). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a web-based intervention for depressive symptomatology: A randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry, 208(1), 69-77. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.146068.
Heffner, J.L., Vilardaga, R., Mercer, L.D., Kientz, J.A. & Bricker, J.B. (2015). Feature-level analysis of a novel smartphone application for smoking cessation. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 41, 68-73.
Jones, H.A., Heffner, J.L., Mercer, L., Wyszynski, C.M., Vilardaga, R. & Bricker, J.B. (2015). Web-based acceptance and commitment therapy smoking cessation treatment for smokers with depressive symptoms. Journal of Dual Diagnosis, 11, 56-62.
Glick, D.M. & Orsillo, S.M. (2015). An investigation of the efficacy of acceptance-based behavioral therapy for academic procrastination. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144, 400–409.
Levin, M.E., Pistorello, J., Hayes, S.C., Seeley, J.R. & Levin, C. (2015). Feasibility of an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy adjunctive web-based program for counseling centers. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62, 529-536.
Moffitt, R. & Mohr, P. (2015). The efficacy of a self-managed acceptance and commitment therapy intervention DVD for physical activity initiation. British Journal of Health Psychology, 20, 115-129.
Trompetter, H. R., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Veehof, M. M., & Schreurs, K. M. G. (2015). Internet-based guided self-help intervention for chronic pain based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38, 66-80.
Bricker, J. B., Mull, K. E., Kientz, J. A., Vilardaga, R. Mercer, L. D., Akiokaa, K. J., & Heffner, J. L. (2014). Randomized, controlled pilot trial of a smartphone app for smoking cessation using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 143, 87-94.
Bricker, J. B., Bush, T., Zbikowski, S. M., Mercer, L. D., & Heffner, J. L. (2014). Randomized trial of telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy versus cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation: A pilot study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 16, 1446-1454.
Lappalainen, P., Granlund, A., Siltanen, S., Ahonen, S., Vitikainen, M., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2014). ACT Internet-based vs face-to-face? A randomized controlled trial of two ways to deliver Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depressive symptoms: An 18-month follow-up. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 61, 43-54.
Levin, M.E., Pistorello, J., Hayes, S.C. & Seeley, J. (2014). Feasibility of a prototype web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy prevention program for college students. Journal of American College Health, 62, 20-30.
Ljótsson, B., Atterlöf, E., Lagerlöf, M., Andersson, E., Jernelöv, S., Hedman, E., Kemani, M. & Wicksell, R.K. (2014). Internet-delivered acceptance and values-based exposure treatment for fibromyalgia: A pilot study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 43, 93-104.
Ly, K.H., Asplund, K. & Andersson, G. (2014). Stress management for middle managers via an acceptance and commitment-based smartphone application: A randomized controlled trial. Internet Interventions, 1, 95-101.
Ly, K.H., Trüschel, A., Jarl, L., Magnusson, S., Windahl, T., Johansson, R., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2014). Behavioural activation versus mindfulness-based guided selfhelp treatment administered through a smartphone application: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open 4, e003440.
Van Gemert-Pijnen, J.E.W.C., Kelders, S.M. & Bohlmeijer, E.T. (2014). Understanding the usage of content in a mental health intervention for depression: An analysis of log data. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16, e27.
Ahtinen, A., Mattila, E., Välkkynen, P., Kaipainen, K., Vanhala, T., Ermes, M., ... Lappalainen, R. (2013). Mobile mental wellness training for stress management: Feasibility and design implications based on a one-month field study. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth, 1, 1-13.
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 15, 1756-1764.
Buhrman, M., Skoglund, A., Husell, J., Bergström, K., Gordh, T., Hursti, T., Bendelin, N., Furmark, T. & Andersson, G. (2013). Guided internet-delivered Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for chronic pain patients: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 307–315.
Carlbring, P., Hagglund, M., Luthstromb, A., Dahlin, M., Kadowaki, A., Vernmark, K., & Andersson, G. (2013). Internet-based behavioral activation and acceptance-based treatment for depression: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 148, 331–337.
Chase, J.A., Houmanfar, R., Hayes, S.C., Ward, T.A., Vilardaga, J.P. & Follette, V. (2013). Values are not just goals: Online ACT-based values training adds to goal setting in improving undergraduate college student performance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2 (3-4), 79-84.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fox, J. P., Schreurs, K. M. G., & Spinhoven, P. (2013). The role of psychological flexibility in a self-help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy intervention for psychological distress in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 51, 142-151. DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2012.11.007
Hawkes, A. L., Chambers, S. K., Pakenham, K. I., Patrao, T. A., Baade, P. D., Lynch, B. M., Aitken, J. F., Meng, X. Q., & Courneya, K. S. (2013). Effects of a telephone-delivered multiple health behavior change intervention (CanChange) on health and behavioral outcomes in survivors of colorectal cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 31, 2313-2321.
Lappalainen, P., Kaipainen, K., Lappalainen, R., Hoffren, H., Myllymaki, T., Kinnunen, M. L., Mattila, E., Happonen, A. P., Rusko, H., & Korhonen, I. (2013). Feasibility of a personal health technology-based psychological intervention for men with stress and mood problems: Randomized controlled pilot trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15. DOI: 10.2196/resprot.2389.
Yuen, E.K., Herbert, J.D., Forman, E.M., Goetter, E.M., Juarascio, A.S., Rabin, S., Goodwin, C. & Bouchard, S. (2013). Acceptance based beahvior therapy for social anxiety disorder through videoconferencing. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 27, 389-397.
Yuen, E.K., Herbert, J.D., Forman, E.M., Goetter, E.M., Comer, R. & Bradley, J.C. (2013). Treatment of social anxiety disorder using online virtual environments in Second Life. Behavior Therapy, 44, 51-61.
Hesser, H., Gustafsson, T., Lundén, C., Henrikson, O., Fattahi, K., Johnsson, E., Westin, V. Z., Carlbring, P., Mäki-Torkko, E., Kaldo, V., & Andersson, G. (2012). A randomized controlled trial of internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of tinnitus. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(4), 649-61. doi: 10.1037/a0027021.
Ly, K.H., Dahl, J., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2012). Development and initial evaluation of a smartphone application based on acceptance and commitment therapy. SpringerPlus 1, 11.
Contextual Behavioral Scientist-Practitioner Network
Contextual Behavioral Scientist-Practitioner NetworkContextual Behavioral Scientist-Practitioner Network (Scientist-Practitioner a la the 1999 book - https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1999-02070-000)
Purpose: To support clinicians and clinicians in training in conducting CBS research
Description: a group connecting via a dedicated and accessible platform for the sharing and development of resources (training, tools, and data) to support study design, data collection, data analysis, and dissemination
Leadership: Appointed from nominations, report directly to ACBS board
Why:
CBS as a scientific strategy proposes a reticulated research agenda by which multiple methodologies are applied to the same phenomena, as is appropriate for different contexts. In addition, the CBS perspective involves acknowledgement of how different learning histories result in different repertoires, each with their own limitations and advantages. CBS research, however, is dominated by traditional researchers working within traditional academic structures, the contingencies around which limit participation of CBS practitioners. This network aspires to reduce some barriers to the integration of the wisdom and expertise of CBS practitioners into the scientific record and subsequently, to enhance its influence on scientific progress. The purpose is not to turn CBS practitioners into academic researchers, but to recognize the unique perspective and skills CBS practitioners bring to research and to empower them to conduct and disseminate research that takes advantage of their skills and make use of their clinical setting which has high ecological validity.
Who:
CBS Practitioners (i.e., anyone applying CBS interventions to change behavior) who have demonstrated a competitive commitment to collecting ecologically valid data to inform both (1) specific intervention decisions, and (2) scientific progress at large. Will serve as the primary investigators and primary beneficiaries of the program.
CBS Practitioners in Training (i.e., anyone in training to apply CBS interventions to change behavior) who have demonstrated commitment to collecting ecologically valid data to inform both (1) specific intervention decisions, and (2) scientific progress at large. Will serve as research assistants and secondary beneficiaries of the program.
CBS Researchers (i.e., anyone doing research from a CBS perspective) who are committed to supporting CBS Practitioners in functioning as Scientist-Practitioners. Will provide training, resources, and support in service role. Tertiary beneficiaries of the program.
CBS Affiliates (i.e., any ACBS members interested in the network) who are interested in supporting CBS Practitioners in functioning as Scientist-Practitioners. May or may not benefit from the program.
How:
- ACBS* appoints leadership to function as a Board-appointed committee. Initial recruitment might involve a range of ACBS members who function primarily as practitioners, and who, together represent the diversity found in ACBS with regard to gender, ethnicity, culture, educational background, profession, etc. Initial appointees to the Executive Committee include:
- Dayna Lee-Baggley
- Michael May
- Gita Srikanth
- Luisa Canon
- Fabián Olaz
- Denisha Gingles
- Emmie Hebert
- Corey Porche
This Executive Committee will begin leading this initiative with ACBS support by:
- considering the composition of their committee in light of membership data, active SIGs and chapter representation, and other ACBS data, and identifying underrepresented stakeholders that might be added to improve representation
- making additional appointments as deemed necessary from 1
- identifying examples of groups with overlapping goals (e.g., https://portlandpsychotherapy.com) reviewing the literature on professional research networks with slightly different goals (e.g., https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10488-017-0810-5; ), and reviewing the work of effective scientist-practitioners (e.g., https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0005789420300629),
- choosing/developing a platform(s) for practitioners to easily connect,
- deciding on eligibility criteria that maximizes commitment/dedication, public recognition or prestige for participants, and accessibility,
- creating an application process,
- collecting existing resources and soliciting new training/tools,
- developing and submitting a budget to ACBS (e.g, $1500 for data collection and storage software, training resources, networking tools, etc.),
- deciding on criteria for participation,
- setting short and long term goals for the network and creating practices for evaluating progress towards those goals,
- establishing a schedule for meeting of network and board,
- choosing a governance strategy, and
- determining a process for internal checks of 1-10 with regards to diversity, equity, and inclusion
*CSP Member, Emily Sandoz, will assist the Executive Committee in this process, as needed, and feels strongly about practitioner voices being given the most weight in the conversation.
Examples of how the CBS Scientist-Practitioner Network may empower CBS clinicians to conduct research is provided for illustrative purposes only. The intended purpose of the network is to empower the Scientist-Practitioner Network Board to create solutions they see as supporting the mission of the Scientist-Practitioner Network rather than these solutions being dictated by others.
Example 1: A group of clinicians from clinical settings working together through the CBS Scientist-Practitioner Network platform and communication infrastructure to support a program of research. Most clinicians do not have the time to support a full program of research but several clinicians working together on the same research topic may have sufficient resources to enable a program of research. In such a model, the group identifies a research project and each member contributes to it. For example, the group identifies a specific research topic to study and collectively contribute to writing grant applications (e.g., each member is responsible for writing one section of the grant application), conducting the research (e.g., each member is responsible for writing one section of the ethics application), and disseminating the research. All members of the group contribute to various parts of the research project and by pooling their time and resources can be part of an active research program.
Example 2: A group of clinicians from clinical settings working together through the CBS Scientist-Practitioner Network platform and communication infrastructure identify sources of funding and dissemination that recognize and value high ecological validity. For example, the group finds research funds that prioritize clinical settings such as foundations for certain diseases (e.g., Heart and Stroke Foundation). The group may also identify journals that have clinical focuses or types of submissions that focus on clinical knowledge or high ecological validity rather than high internal validity (e.g., RCT). They may also identify other means of disseminating information (e.g., blogs, social media). Such information is shared among the CBS Scientist-Practitioner Network to reduce the amount of effort it takes for any single clinician to find these resources and outlets. The intended goal is to “get out of the lane” held by academic researchers in order to identify funding and dissemination means that value a clinician’s contribution to research rather than trying to “compete” with academic researchers.
Articles Describing the CBS Research Strategy
Articles Describing the CBS Research StrategyThe theme of these articles has been to describe the contextual behavioral science approach to studying both ACT and RFT, its knowledge development strategy and to show its distinctive features.
- Hayes, S. C., Levin, M., Plumb, J., Boulanger, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy.
- Levin, M. & Hayes, S. C. (2009). ACT, RFT, and contextual behavioral science. In J. T. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi, & F. P. Deane (Eds.), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Contemporary research and practice (pp 1 – 40). Sydney: Australian Academic Press.
- Vilardaga, R., Hayes, S. C., Levin, M. E., & Muto, T. (2009). Creating a strategy for progress: A contextual behavioral science approach. The Behavior Analyst, 33, 105-133.
Grant Resources
Grant ResourcesBelow is a working list of available resources for writing and submitting grants -- with a particular focus on the United States' National Institutes of Health (NIH). Additionally, you will find information about the ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme.
Please contact the site administrators or add a child page at the bottom of this page to add additional resources.
ACBS Foundation Grant
ACBS Foundation GrantThe ACBS Foundation aims to promote CBS projects around the world. With the goal of facilitating interventions that promote well-being, we are proud to announce a new funding mechanism for ground-breaking projects that share this aim in the realms of interventions, training, and research. Click here to learn more about the ACBS Foundation Grant.
ACBS Research Development Grant
ACBS Research Development GrantApply here to be a Reviewer (note, applicants are ineligible to review)
Click here to learn about the ACBS Foundation Grant (The foundation grant is another grant opportunity!)
Description
The Association of Contextual Behavioral Science (ACBS) Research Development Grant provides financial support for research that advances the field of Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS). The purpose of this grant is to provide financial support for high quality, innovative original research projects.
Value and Duration
- One Research Development Grant - LAMIC Researchers of up to $5,000 (US dollars) is available per grant cycle. [Click here for more detail.]
- One Research Development Grant - Inclusive Science of up to $5,000 (US dollars) is available per grant cycle. [Click here for more detail.]
- Two Research Development Grants - General of up to $5,000 (US dollars) are available per grant cycle for qualifying applications
- Typical project duration should span at least one year.
Eligibility Requirements
ACBS will award up to four grants ($20,000 US dollars total) per grant cycle. All applicants are eligible for the "General" grants. One grant is reserved for an eligible project for researchers living/working in a low- or middle-income country. One grant is reserved for an eligible Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) focused and/or Interdisciplinary focused research project. All applicants use the same application form.
Applicants must:
- Be affiliated with an institution that supports research (commonly eligible institutions include universities, institutions of higher education, and registered charities);
- Present a sufficient explanation of the availability of time to engage in this research (e.g. % of work time to be allocated for this project);
- Be a member of ACBS at time of submission; and
- Possess at least a Bachelor’s degree or the equivalent
- Master’s, doctoral, or postdoctoral researchers must be full time students or have an employment contract for the full duration of the grant period during which their award will be spent.
Proposal Requirements
- Applications for research on any topic within the entire array of CBS are eligible for consideration. The choice of theme and the design of the research rests entirely with the applicant.
- Application forms must be complete. No supplementary material will be accepted - all relevant material must be displayed within the application form. Application forms must display information clearly and concisely and must be of a high professional standard. Incomplete application forms will not be reviewed.
- For each call, an applicant may apply for only one Research Development Grant as a Principal Investigator (PI). Researchers can be co-applicants on multiple submissions as long as they are listed as PI only once.
- The grants will provide funding for costs directly related to the proposed research (for example, programming costs or participant payments). The grants may be used to provide salary support for research staff employed in the project, however grants may not be used, to provide salary support for the Principal Investigator or any other named Investigator. Institutional overhead expenses will not be covered.
Review Criteria
Eligible applications are assessed by a panel of reviewers drawn from relevant disciplines. The coordinator for the grant review process invites academics and those with demonstrated research experience to review applications. Research Development Grant submissions of the highest quality are favored. These demonstrate compelling competence in the research design; transcend traditional disciplinary academic boundaries; and involve research which, if successful, has the chance of obtaining additional funding in the future.
When the reviews have been received by the Research Development Grant committee, an assessment panel meets in order to rank the applications and decide on those that it will recommend for funding. These recommendations are sent to the ACBS Board of Directors for ratification. Efforts will be made by the committee to maintain a balance of CBS research areas (ACT, RFT, FAP, etc.) and maintain a balance of geographical regions supported. In the case of applications of equal ranking, the Research Development Grant committee will give preference to proposals that are either from developing nations; involve research that may not easily be funded by an alternative source; or involve early career researchers.
Awards
Applications are normally assessed within 6-8 weeks of the end of the submission period. The Research Development Grant committee will notify all researchers by e-mail (via the PI e-mail account listed on the application) of the outcome of the assessment process. Reviewers’ feedback on the application also will be provided.
The start date of the project is 2 January. The award must be spent either within 18 months of the start date or before the award holder’s contract end date with their institution, whichever is earlier. All projects will need appropriate ethical approval before Research Development Grant funded research is conducted.
The ACBS Executive Director will send the awarded money to the awardee’s institution. The awarded money will be sent half at the start of the project, and half after the mid-grant report has been received (but no sooner than four months after the start date).
Reporting
- Awardees will be required to submit a mid-grant report before receiving the second half of the grant money. A template for this mid-grant report is provided by ACBS.
- Awardees will be required to submit a final project report detailing their output, deliverables, and project expenditures upon completion of the Research Development Grant funded project.
- Awardees will be required to present their research to ACBS -- for example, through a poster or PowerPoint presentation at an ACBS World Conference within two years of the completion of the project. If the author is unable to attend, a PowerPoint presentation with recorded narration or a poster may be sent to the ACBS World Conference instead.
Grant Application Schedule
The 2023 grant call is open from August 15th – October 1st.
Grant Award Announcements: December 2024.
Grant Start Date: January 2nd, 2025.
How to Apply
1. Read Instructions and create application document
2. Submit application here between August 15, 2024 and October 1, 2024 17:00 GMT (10:30pm Delhi/6:00pm London/1:00pm New York)
ACBS Inclusive Science Grant
ACBS Inclusive Science GrantWe live in a complex, globalized, and diverse world. Innovative research is expanding in two directions: first, becoming increasingly inclusive of diverse and historically marginalized communities and centering research around perspectives that have been underrepresented in behavioral science to date; and second, becoming increasingly inclusive through an interdisciplinary focus, bringing together diverse and rich ideas, innovative methods, and dynamic teams to tackle research questions with synergistic sophistication, creativity, and methodological rigor (see Hayes et al., 2021, “Report of the ACBS Task Force on the strategies and tactics of contextual behavioral science research”).
This Inclusive Science grant is intended to promote and support ACBS researchers in developing high quality pilot data that will form the foundation for future competitive grant proposals underpinned by inclusivity, broadly defined. More specifically, this grant focuses on facilitating the early pilot stage of potentially grant-fundable research emphasizing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) and/or interdisciplinary focus. The award is to help the Principal Investigator (PI) collect high-quality DEI and/or interdisciplinary-focused pilot data to support a larger-scale competitive grant application. This grant also can support related direct research activities (e.g., surveying community leaders and stakeholders of marginalized communities ).
This grant can focus on DEI or interdisciplinary capacity building, and preferably both. Here are some examples of the type of research activities that would be a good fit for this grant:
● Collecting pilot data on a DEI or interdisciplinary-focused topic that forms the foundation of a larger study or grant proposal
● Piloting a project to work with allied health professionals (nurses, social workers, physicians, occupational therapist, spiritual care) in a hospital to test an ACT intervention for a specific behavioral health target.
● Engaging bilingual/bicultural researchers as co-investigators and working together on a pilot project toward a cultural adaptation testing RFT principles.
● Surveying stakeholders from a group/community affected by a health issue to identify CBS processes for inclusive partnership/collaboration (e.g., focus groups, needs assessments)
● Extending Prosocial research to locations or populations that are historically under-studied because of poverty, minority status, language, or cultural differences, in preparation for community action participatory research proposal
Full Grant Information attached below.
ACBS Research Development Grant - LAMIC Researchers
ACBS Research Development Grant - LAMIC ResearchersOne grant each year is reserved for qualifying projects for those researchers living/working in a low- or middle-income country according to the World Bank Country and Lending Groups list. The principal investigator (PI) must be from a low- or middle-income country; however, applications can include team members or another PI (multiple PI – mPI) from higher income countries. This grant money may be split among multiple, high quality grant submissions from LAMIC, up to $5,000 USD annually. This grant will not be awarded if a qualifying, quality grant application from a LAMIC researcher is not received.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2021-2022 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2021-2022 AwardeesAwards for 2021-2022:
Lydiah Maingi, PhD, Department of Psychology in Kenyatta University, Kenya; Joanna Arch, PhD, University of Colorado Boulder and University of Colorado Cancer Center
Gaps in Supportive Care for Cancer Patients in Kenya: Recommendations for Acceptance and Committment Therapy Intervention
Lay Summary
Throughout the world, a cancer diagnosis is often associated with distress for patients and their families. Greater social and emotional support for cancer patients and families is essential for improving patient quality of life. There is growing evidence supporting the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions in coping with cancer-related distress. These studies, however, have generally been conducted in high income,majority white countries. Yet lower middle income countries in sub-Saharan Africa, including Kenya, have recently been experiencing high and growing prevalence rates of cancer, high cancer-related mortality, late stage at diagnosis, low cancer literacy, and high stigma, with concomitant widespread unmet oncology supportive care needs. Kenya’s National Cancer Control Strategy 2017-2022 (MOH Kenya, 2017) identifies psychosocial support care as a priority area in enhancing the quality of life for cancer patients yet there remains a severe dearth of supportive care interventions. Moreover, common cancer coping strategies among cancer patients in Kenya include viewing cancer as the result of a curse, witchcraft, or spiritual deficit. These challenges lead to high rates of depression, anxiety, and low quality of life among many cancer patients.
This study aims to establish the existing gaps in supportive care for cancer patients among the existing cancer care agencies in Kenya. The identified gaps will be used to inform how ACT could be adapted to meet the most important psychosocial and behavioral needs of cancer patients within a Kenyan context. This effort will include getting patient and provider input on potential ACT strategies and how to make them most effective for a Kenyan context. The ultimate goal is to develop a culturally-sensitive ACT-based intervention to support distressed Kenyan cancer patients. As Kenya is a regional leader, the impacts of this project have implications for the broader sub-Saharan region of Africa.
Amanda Muñoz-Martínez, Ph.D., Department of Psychology in the Universidad de Los Andes (Colombia); Clara Sophie Otto-Scheiber, M.S., Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá (Colombia)
Exploring the Relationship of Perceived Social Connection and Value-Based Behaviors in Adherence to Cardiac Rehabilitation Recommendations: A Momentary Ecological Evaluation
Lay Summary
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in the world. Adherence to cardiac rehabilitation recommendations (ACRR) is crucial for reducing mortality. Nonetheless, after patients are discharged from these programs, their engagement in healthy behaviors tend to decrease. Contextual behavioral factors such as social connection and psychological flexibility have shown positive results in improving healthy behaviors such as physical activity and diet in the general population. However, evidence on how those factors can aid cardiac rehab in a within- and between-person level is unclear. Based on it, we formulate four research questions: a) Are daily perceived social connection and engagement in valuebased behaviors related to participants adherence in cardiac rehabilitation recommendations? b) Are daily interactions in high-quality social contexts and engagement
in value-based behaviors related to higher involvement in cardiac rehabilitation recommendations? c) Does the average quality of relationships moderate the relationship between social connection and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation recommendations? and d) Does psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between value-based behavior and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation recommendation? A device-contingent diary study
will be conducted (including the pilot study-phase). Fifty-four patients discharged after a cardiovascular event and referred to the cardiac rehab program at a private hospital will be eligible to participate in this study. Ongoing data of perceived social connection (PSC), value-based behaviors (VB), and ACRR will be collected for 12-weeks.
At a between-person level, it is expected to observe higher engagement in cardiac rehab recommendations in participants reporting higher levels of social connection and engagement value-based behaviors. At an individual level, it is expected to find that on the days in which participants have higher rates of interaction in high-quality social contexts and higher engagement in value-based behaviors, there is higher engagement in cardiac rehab recommendations. Likewise, it is expected that the average quality of relationships moderates the relationship between social connection and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation recommendations and that psychological flexibility moderate the relationship between value-based behavior and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation recommendation. Results will provide information for optimizing cardiac rehabilitation programs by including
strategies to modify contextual behavioral variables within their programs.
Amanda Rhodes, PsyD, Health Psychology and Neurobehavioral Research Group (HPNRG) in the Center for Cancer Research of the National Cancer Institute (NCI)/National Institutes of Health (NIH); Staci Martin, PhD, HPNRG; Mary Anne Tamula, MA, HPNRG; Melissa Baker, BS, HPNRG
A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Sleep Disturbances in Sickle Cell Disease
Lay Summary
Many individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) exhibit sleep disturbance. Sleep disturbance has shown to relate to anxiety, depression, and executive dysfunction in this population. Unfortunately, nonpharmacological interventions for sleep disturbance have not been studied in individuals with SCD. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an emerging evidence-based approach for sleep problems. Preliminary research shows ACT to be effective as measured by subjective (i.e., self-report) data. Despite current recommendations to utilize both subjective and objective methods of obtaining sleep data, ACT studies have yet to measure sleep through objective measures (i.e., actigraphy, which measures sleep through a device worn on the wrist). Thus, there is a need to study ACT for Sleep in a SCD population using objective and subjective measurements. Moreover, due to some limitations of CBT sleep interventions (e.g., minimal improvements in quality of life), ACT may offer a feasible alternative approach. Thus, our study will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a remote ACT intervention for sleep disturbance in individuals with SCD.
Participants will be recruited from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and randomized to the intervention immediately or after 8 weeks. Participants will complete baseline measures, a 1-week period to obtain preliminary actigraphy/sleep diary data, 8 weekly ACT sessions with a psychologist/psychology associate, and follow-up evaluations at mid-treatment, post-treatment and four weeks later. Based on preliminary data in cancer populations, we propose that this ACT for Sleep intervention will be feasible and acceptable in individuals with SCD. Further, we will explore whether the treatment significantly improves sleep and quality of life in these patients. The current study has the potential to support ACT as a non-pharmacological treatment for sleep disturbances in SCD while promoting accessibility and decreasing health disparities in underserved medical populations through a fully-remote intervention – an area of research sorely needed.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2022-2023 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2022-2023 AwardeesAwards for 2022-2023:
General Grant - Jordan Belisle, PhD, Missouri State University; Rocco Catrone, PhD, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology
Defusing Relational Frames Underlying Autism Stigma in a Representative Sample: A Translational Investigation
Lay Summary
We are seeking to evaluate how relational framing maintains negative stigmatic biases against autistic people and to test a defusion program to weaken biases and promote flexibility. Community perception of disabilities, including of autistic communities, can have direct and negative effects on the quality of life for individuals. Conversely, positive perceptions tend to lead to greater access to resources and acceptance of individuals. There have been few studies that directly assess how these perceptions of stigma form, limiting the creation of interventions to reduce stigma and to promote flexible responding towards autistic individuals. Intervention research in contextual behavioral science has also been slow to integrate basic and translational models directly within intervention. Creating more efficient community-based programs and curating environments of acceptance and flexibility can help foster success and wellbeing for members of the autistic community.
Relational frame theory describes behavioral processes that may underlie social biases. This study will apply concepts from relational frame theory and extensions to explore ableism quantitatively in a large representative sample recruited through crowdsourcing marketplaces. Visual and statistical analyses will allow for detection of negative biases held towards autistic individuals. In a pilot randomized control trial design, participants will be assigned to a fusion (control) or defusion (experimental) group, where the defusion exercise will provide counter-narratives designed to weaken commonly held and erroneous beliefs held about autistic individuals. This evaluation is a direct application of relational frame theory applied to an issue of immense social importance to inform neurodiversity inclusion and justice initiatives. Supporting neurodiversity in all of its forms is critical to fostering inclusive communities and developing a context where all people can thrive. This research also has the potential to strengthen the relationship between basic / translational and applied research in contextual behavioral science while supporting core values of this community.
Inclusive Science Grant - Manuel Gutierrez Chavez, B.S., Department of Psychology, University of Utah; Anu Asnaani, PhD, Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, University of Utah
Atención Plena: Cena Conscientemente con la Familia
Lay Summary
Hispanics/Latinos (H/L) in Utah experience higher rates of obesity, a risk factor for heart disease, when compared to the rest of the state’s population. A variety of aspects of one’s life can influence obesity, including factors such as culture, family status, mental health, and lifestyle choices. Perceived stress has been associated with emotional eating (eating after experiencing a negative feeling) in H/L communities but culturally relevant interventions for perceived stress and emotional eating are missing. Our previous work has indicated that the local H/L community has great interest in this kind of cross-cutting (physical/mental health) intervention and they have further indicated that stress related to daily living should be targeted with a focus on healthy coping strategies that includes their loved ones. Using a community-informed approach, this study will conduct three distinct focus groups consisting of mothers, fathers, and young adults (16–22-year-olds) to gather information related to eating patterns, coping strategies, and how these two relate to each other at both the individual and family level. The questions of these focus groups will determine current use of mindful eating principles and current coping strategies to be able to understand this community’s relevant strengths. This information will inform the adaptation of a mindfulness-based intervention that will be piloted with a group of ten community members to determine its feasibility and acceptability in their cultural and familial contexts. Specifically, this study has three stages: (1) focus groups will highlight relevant strengths and intervention targets within family units, (2) utilization of that information to co-create a mindfulness-based intervention with our community partner (the Hispanic Health Care Task Force), and (3) piloting the intervention to determine its acceptability and feasibility in this H/L community. The planned outcomes include a culturally relevant intervention that can be piloted with a larger sample to determine effectiveness.
LAMIC Grant - Huiyuan LI, PhD, RN, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China; Cho Lee WONG, PhD, RN, The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for fatigue interference in patients with advanced lung cancer and caregiver burden
Lay Summary
Fatigue is the most common and distressing symptom among patients with advanced lung cancer patients and interferes with physical and psychological health. As fatigue interferes with patient functioning, family caregivers often report feeling burdened by increasing responsibilities and being distressed about patients’ forthcoming death. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has shown promising effects on improving functioning and quality of life in cancer patients. However, evidence-based psychooncological interventions (i.e. ACT) jointly addressing advanced cancer patient distress and caregiver burden are lacking. In addition, both patients and caregivers experience extensive unmet supportive care needs during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and even in the post-pandemic era. Especially for patients living in remote and rural areas in China, geographical constraints severely affect the quality of life of patients and caregivers due to lacking timely psychological support. Furthermore, virtual reality technology is gradually gaining recognition in alleviating anxiety and depression in diverse populations, but few studies have applied the technology to advanced cancer patients. Thus, a pilot randomised controlled trial will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an online-based dyadic ACT intervention involving 360-degree virtual mindfulness for patients with advanced lung cancer and caregivers in rural areas.
A sample of 40 patient-caregiver dyads will be recruited and randomly assigned to either the online 6-week ACT intervention or the education control group. Fatigue interference for patients with advanced lung cancer and caregiver burden will be evaluated at baseline and post-intervention. A convenience sample of 10 dyads will be recruited for focus group interviews to explore dyads’ experience in ACT intervention. We will also explore the mediation role of psychological flexibility and mindfulness in the ACT process. Results will lay the groundwork for further applications of online ACT for dyads in remote areas in China, realising equal and diverse supportive palliative care.
General Grant - Conor McCloskey, PhD student from University College Dublin; Louise McHugh, PhD, University College Dublin
Mixed Signals: Rule-Based Insensitivity Through Competing Sources of Reinforcement
Lay Summary
This project develops a new way to experimentally test rule-following, which is a key concept in Contextual Behavioral Science (CBS). Behavior controlled by rules is more rigid and resistant to healthy change, when compared to behaviors that are developed through trial-and error/direct experience (contingency-shaped behavior). There are two main types of rules that this project will explore, pliance, which refers to rules based on social pressures such as “eat all your vegetables or I will not give you any ice cream”, and tracking, which are rules based on natural consequences, such as the rule “eat all your vegetables and you will grow big and strong”. Pliance is theorized to produce increased rigid behavior relative to tracking, although both forms of rule following can be harmful to our mental wellbeing. Rule-based insensitivity is a key concept within CBS and in related clinical interventions such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), but despite the importance of this concept, it is under-researched. This has led to imprecisions within the theory underlying ACT, limiting the effectiveness of ACT and other psychotherapeutic approaches. This research project will test a newly developed method of studying rule-based insensitivity, which introduces an innovative way of measuring rigid rule-following. This method involves directly reinforcing rule-following itself, rather than offering extraneous reinforcement. Preliminary data from this new approach has shown that it produces behavioral responses that are extremely reliable and more consistent with conceptualizations of pliance and tracking, when compared to past research methodologies. This project is consistent with the ACBS Task Force Report, which called for more basic, high precision lab research, and the project has the potential to help CBS researchers and practitioners to better understand the rule-based insensitivity effect and thus improve clinical interventions.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2023-2024 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2023-2024 AwardeesAwards for 2023-2024:
General Grant - Yors Garcia, Mariana Tellez, Guillermo Aldana and Sandra Liliana Valderrama
Effectiveness of ACT on quality of life, depression, and adherence in people living with HIV
Lay Summary:
The purpose of this project is to investigate the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on depression, quality of life, and medication adherence in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). PLWHA faces numerous behavioral, mental health, and social challenges associated with their illness. For example, 22% to 61% of PLWHA report symptoms of depression (Du et al., 2023). Depression has been associated with a significant decrease in health-related quality of life (HRQoL; Cooper et al., 2017). Improvements in quality of life for PLWHA reduce the risk for probable infections associated with HIV and improves medication adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART; Miners et al., 2014). ACT is a process-based intervention that has demonstrated significant improvements in multiple mental health disorders (Gloster et al., 2020), yet the empirical evidence is very limited in increasing health indicators in PLWHA (Moitra et al., 2015; Skinta et al., 2015). Therefore, the main goal of this project is to advance the CBS research in ACT with PLWHA and investigate the impact of ACT in underexplored areas such as depression, quality of life and treatment adherence and evaluate the maintenance of health gains after the end of the intervention. A pretest-posttest design with a waiting list control group will be implemented in this study. A total of 50 HIV/AIDS positive participants will be randomly assigned to two groups, treatment and waiting list control groups. Depression, psychological flexibility, HRQoL and medication adherence measurements will be administered at pretest, posttest, and at 1- and 3-months follow-up. Participants in the treatment group will receive seven ACT sessions covering topics such as acceptance, values, mindfulness and defusion. We expect the treatment group to show significant improvements in the four outcome measures and demonstrate maintenance over time compared to the waiting list group.
General Grant - Jennifer Krafft and Natalie Tadros
Reframing health behavior change: A randomized controlled trial of an RFT-informed values intervention for health
Lay Summary:
Clarification of personal values is a core motivational process in acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Values theoretically provide a stable and inexhaustible source of positive reinforcement. Both basic and applied research have demonstrated that values clarification is generally effective at increasing motivation and improving well-being. However, from a process-based framework, it is important not just to know that values clarification is beneficial, but how values clarification can be targeted most efficiently and when values clarification is most likely to be useful. Given the high prevalence and severe impact of lifestyle-related health problems, health behavior change is one area in which enhancing motivation is particularly important. Linking specific health behaviors to personal values through relational framing should theoretically both
increase motivation and make motivation more stable.
Thus, this randomized controlled trial will evaluate the impact of values clarification, implemented over 4 weeks through daily writing exercises in a prototype mobile app, relative to a control intervention that engages in daily writing exercises focused on self-reflection. In order to clarify how to most effectively engage values clarification, we will test the impact of values clarification prompts that employ distinct relational frames (hierarchical, conditional, distinction, and deictic). Participants will be 64 individuals who are interested in improving their health through behavior change and have regular internet access. We hypothesize that using a prototype mobile app focused on values clarification will improve motivation and facilitate health behavior change, and that values clarification will be particularly useful (relative to self-reflection) in the context of stressors or negative affect. This study is consistent with the aims of process-based intervention science, as it both examines a treatment process from a multilevel perspective (i.e., an applied intervention informed by RFT) and explicitly evaluates the contexts in which values clarification is linked to positive outcomes.
Inclusive Science Grant - Miriam N. Mukasa, Joseph Mugarura, Rosco Kasujja and Michael Levin
Cultural adaptation of the ACT Guide for anxiety treatment among college students in Uganda
Lay Summary:
Throughout the world, college/university is a right of passage transition time that comes with great responsibilities, higher academic achievement expectations and change. This can be an especially stressful time for individuals and as a result there are increased levels of stress and anxiety reported. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an evidence based transdiagnostic intervention that has been proven helpful in the treatment of several disorders including depression and anxiety. There are several gaps in mental health access in sub–Saharan Africa due to shortage of mental health practitioners among other barriers. There is a call for digital mental health programs to address the challenges in providing mental health to the population. To minimize training burden and maximize effectiveness, the ACT guide has been designed as an intervention that offers a single session for anyone with mental distress to access online with an option to get long-term support.
The proposed study aims to contextually adapt the ACT Guide and explore its acceptability amongst Ugandan college students. Using a mixed method design we intend to recruit a total of 100 participants using purposive sampling. Data will be collected using focus group discussions
and surveys.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2020-2021 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2020-2021 AwardeesAwards for 2020-2021:
Samuel Spencer, M.A., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa; Akihiko Masuda, Ph.D., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa
Acceptance and commitment therapy as a transdiagnostic treatment for mental health concerns among adults in Hawai’i
Lay Summary
Alleviating the impact of mental health concerns is an important goal within behavioral healthcare. While much research exists concerning outcomes of cognitive behavioral psychosocial treatments, relatively less is known about the processes of change underlying treatment efficacy. Understanding empirically supported processes of change linked to treatment procedures may also be useful for adapting interventions to better serve individuals from diverse sociocultural contexts, such as those found in Hawai’i. One intervention that is commensurate with a process-based, transdiagnostic approach to treatment is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), an empirically supported psychosocial treatment that seeks to increase values-embodied adaptive functioning (i.e., engaged living) and improve overall quality of life in individuals suffering from a wide variety of behavioral health concerns.
In the current study, we will investigate the effects of, and process of change within, an individually delivered ACT intervention in a university-based community sample in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Inclusion criteria will focus on experiential avoidance (EA), an underlying generalized process of change within ACT. A multiple baseline design (MBD) across participants will be used to analyze treatment effects and processes of change within participants (N = 5-7). Daily self-monitored clinically relevant target behaviors (e.g., behavioral excesses and deficits related to each participant’s presenting concerns), as well as daily measures of EA and engaged living (EL) will be collected as the primary variables of analysis, along with weekly nomothetic self-report measures of EA and EL. Self-report measures of relevant outcome variables (e.g., psychological distress, quality of life) will also be collected at pre-/mid-/post-treatment/3-month follow-up. The current study aims to better understand the processes of change within ACT and evaluate its impact on transdiagnostic behavioral health issues within a university-based community sample in Hawai’i. This research seeks to further the CBS mission of developing and refining interventions for the betterment of individuals in diverse contexts.
Marianna Zacharia, BSc, MSc, PhD candidate, University of Cyprus, ACTHEALTHY lab; Maria Karekla, Ph.D., University of Cyprus and Center for Cognitive Behavioral Psychology, Nicosia, Cyprus; Artemis Theofanous, B.A., M.A., University of Cyprus, ACTHEALTHY lab
An Intervention for female breast CANcer: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (I-CAN-ACT) for depression and physical pain
Lay Summary
Women with breast cancer encounter various debilitating, frequently co-occurring psychological and physical symptoms due to the cancer diagnosis and medical treatment/surgery. Depression and physical pain frequently co-occur and are common symptoms breast cancer patients seek help for. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is a promising intervention model with preliminary empirical evidence to suggest its effectiveness for dealing with the psychological parameters associated with cancer. However, the ACT-based Randomized Clinical Trials conducted thus far have not focused on examining its effects on physical pain within the cancer context and have mainly focused solely on depression or anxiety. The aim is to examine the efficacy of a brief ACT-based intervention for both, depression and physical pain compared to a waitlist control group for women with breast cancer, who have undergone breast surgery, and experience at least mild depression and intensity and interference of physical pain. The ACT intervention will be delivered in a group format, 90 minutes weekly, for six weeks. Treatment outcomes will include quality of life, physical pain intensity and interference, depression, and anxiety. Also, treatment acceptability and adherence to the brief ACT intervention in terms of retention, treatment engagement and satisfaction with each session and with the overall treatment will be assessed. Reasons for dropout will be recorded. The mediating effects of the ACT-based intervention on treatment outcomes will be examined through ACT proposed processes (acceptance, cognitive defusion, contact with the present moment, self-as-context and self-compassion, values clarification, and committed action). The improvement in ACT proposed processes will be assessed daily during the intervention period (Ecological Momentary Assessment methodology). This study will enable the clarification and refinement of ACT theory for female breast cancer patients experiencing physical pain and depression.
Psychopathology prevention programs can be developed and psychological treatment can be ameliorated by targeting cancer-related symptoms through transdiagnostic processes.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2019-2020 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2019-2020 AwardeesAwards for 2019-2020:
Clarissa Ong, M.S., Utah State University; Eric B. Lee, Ph.D., Institute of Living, Anxiety Disorders Center, Hartford Hospital; Michael P. Twohig, Ph.D., Utah State University; Michael E. Levin, Ph.D., Utah State University
A Process-Based App Intervention Study for Clinical Perfectionism
Lay Summary
In clinical psychology, there has been a growing movement toward process-based therapy (PBT), which conceptualizes assessment and intervention based on shared principles and ideas across empirically supported approaches. The goal of PBT is to improve human wellbeing with evidence-based procedures and processes of change. While PBT has the potential to increase availability and accessibility of resources, more precise tests of its application are needed to clarify its real-world feasibility. The proposed project aims to test the feasibility of the PBT model using an online app intervention (containing two training modules) targeting clinical perfectionism. Clinical perfectionism was chosen because3⁄4like PBT3⁄4it is defined by processes (e.g., rigidity around personal standards) rather than specific behaviors or symptoms. It is also transdiagnostic in that perfectionism is relevant to many diagnoses including OCD, OCPD, GAD, and anorexia nervosa. The trainings will teach cognitive variation and motivational variation respectively, two elements of PBT. Cognitive variation refers to responding flexibly to cognitive stimuli (e.g., reappraisal, decentering) whereas motivational variation refers to being able to contact reinforcement for behaviors from various sources (e.g., tangible rewards, values). We hypothesize: (1) the trainings will specifically move the change processes they target (e.g., cognitive variation training will increase cognitive variation), showing precision of procedures, and (2) the change processes will, in turn, move meaningful outcomes, showing relevance of change processes to personal well-being. Support for these hypotheses would provide evidence that the PBT approach is feasible, effective, and can be applied with precision. Future research can build on this work and focus on refining intervention approaches in line with PBT principles to improve quality and accessibility of mental health services.
Jessica Kingston, DClinPsy, PhD, MSc., BSc (Hons), Royal Holloway, University of London and Richard Irwin, PGDip in Clinical Neuropsychology, DClinPsy, MSc., BSc.(Hons), Royal Hospital for Neurorehabilitation
Values and committed action for inpatients with acquired brain injury and depression: A Single Case Experimental Design.
Lay Summary
ABI has a devastating effect on the lives of many people. Survivors face long lasting changes to cognitive, emotional, and physical abilities; life changes profoundly. Not surprisingly, psychological distress is common and can be more disabling than primary cognitive and physical impairment. The evidence-base for enhancing psychological adjustment is limited. Psychological therapies can help; however, the complex and heterogeneous nature of difficulties experienced by this group are well suited to treatments that can address a range of co-occurring difficulties (i.e., transdiagnostic approaches). Preliminary research suggests that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) - a transdiagnostic therapy – can help individuals suffering from an ABI.
A major impact of an ABI is that it severely compromises an individual’s ability to participate in activities that give their life meaning, purpose and vitality, especially in the context of mood difficulties. Traditional rehabilitation is goals-focused, with the primary aim of improving concrete everyday functions, rather than life meaning. The values and committed action components of ACT, which can be successfully delivered independent of other ACT components, offer a trandiagnostic method for connecting individuals with life areas that are deeply meaningful and that, with support, can be brought to the forefront of traditional neurorehabilitation.
Recently, we conducted a pilot study testing a 6-week values and committed action intervention (alongside standard care) for individuals admitted to an inpatient rehabilitation service post-ABI. Acceptability and retention was good and improvements in valued behaviours and mood were observed. Having refined the intervention, we now aim to empirically test, for the first time, whether individuals with ABI plus depression can derive meaningful benefits from this intervention. We will make a valuable contribution to the evidence-based for CBS and ABI – an area that is significantly under- developed. We will also provide clinicians with tangible guidance in using values and committed action with this group.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2018-2019 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2018-2019 AwardeesAwards for 2018-2019:
Mary Lally, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology; Yor Garcia, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology; Amanda Mahoney, The Chicago School of Professional Psychology; and Tom Szabo, Florida Institute of Technology
The effects of defusion and values exercises on special education teacher’s measures of stress and committed actions.
Lay Summary
Special education teachers working with students with emotional and behavioral difficulties report higher rates of occupational stress, job - related stress, and attrition (Kokkinos & Davazoglou, 2009). Additionally, special education teachers working with students with emotional and behavioral difficulties are approximately six times more likely to the leave the classroom than other special education teachers (Lawerson & McKinnon, 1982, as cited in Biglan, Layton, Jones, Hankins, & Rusby 2013). Moreover, teachers report that working with children with autism and emotional difficulties present the most stress (Wisniewski & Gargiulo, 1997, as cited in Biglan et al., 2013). Therefore, there is a need for strategies that address student behaviors while decreasing teachers’ levels of stress. As such, A cceptance and Commitment Therapy ( ACT, Hayes, Strosahl, Wilson, 1999) ) training is one method that has demonstrated high acceptability when addressing private verbal behavior s in the classroom setting (Pistorello et al. , 2013). Similarly, Behavioral Skills Training (BST) research has demonstrated that it is an effective staff training procedure (Parsons, Rollyson, & Reid, 2012). Yet, there has been little research that examines the effects of BST plus ACT interventions on the overt behaviors of teachers and students. With that, the objectives of the proposed research are to determine if training in three ACT processes (committed actions, values, and defusion) increases overt values driven behaviors while reducing measures of stress among special education teachers. Additionally, the research will attempt to determine if ACT based training following BST results in increased treatment fidelity scores for guided compliance procedures implemented in the classroom setting.
Nima Golijani Moghaddam, DClinPsy, Ph.D., University of Lincoln, and Anna Tickle, DClinPsy, Framework Housing Association, Nottingham
ACT on homelessness and multiple complex needs: Contextually - adapted series of hermeneutic single - case efficacy designs
Lay Summary
In the UK, recent policy and service developments increasingly recognize the complex emotional and psychological needs of people experiencing homelessness. This population are typically not accessing mainstream psychological support services and can present challenges to such services – which are not configured to meet the needs of individuals who are socially - excluded, mult iply disadvantaged, and subject to unstable living conditions. It is therefore essential to embed psychological support within services that have established closer contact with people experiencing homelessness (e.g., supported housing services). However, our understanding of how best to provide psychological support within these services – i.e., what models or forms of intervention may be useful – is limited. There have been some reported instances of successful practice, but the quality of research has be en generally poor, preventing clear conclusions about whether/how interventions might work. The complexity and instability of work with this population demands that approaches to both intervention and research are suitably flexible and adaptable to dynamic individual circumstances. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) offers an evidence - based model for psychological intervention that is conceptually well - suited to working adaptively with people experiencing homelessness. To examine whether ACT can deliv er on its promise for this population, we need research strategies that are similarly adaptive and sensitive to context. We will therefore use a series of tailored single - case designs, drawing on quantitative and qualitative evidence from multiple sources, to investigate the efficacy of ACT for supporting people experiencing homelessness and multiple complex needs. We will make a valuable contribution to the evidence - base around ways of providing psychological support to people experiencing homelessness – an under - served population, with complex emotional and psychological needs that (unaddressed) can perpetuate homelessness and instability and contribute to poor health and functional outcomes. We will also provide a template approach for conducting Contex tual Behavioral Science research in challenging real - world environments.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2017-2018 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2017-2018 AwardeesAwards for 2017-2018:
Elena Ballantyne, Psy.D., St. Joseph Healthcare Hamilton and McMaster University
Evaluating the Effectiveness for a Modified Intervention Group for Psychiatric Illness and Cognitive Impairment
Summary
The purpose of this research is to determine if a mindful meditation and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group, called the MINDful ACTion Group, is helpful for people with a mental health condition and problems with their thinking skills (e.g. attention, memory). For this group, traditional mindfulness/ACT exercises have been made easier to do, e.g. shorter meditation, guided videos and CDs, more hands-on techniques, and participants will be taught strategies to help remember to do home practice and to address barriers to living a value-based life. Little is known about how effective these kinds of changes to mindfulness/ACT interventions are, particularly for those with a severe mental illness. We predict that participants will report higher levels of mindfulness skills/acceptance, improved ability to engage in meaningful activities despite intense emotions, greater acceptance, and lower levels of emotional distress following the mindfulness group. We also want to know why group is helpful. To do so, participants will complete paper-and-pencil questionnaires each week about acceptance and mindfulness skills. We will also ask open-ended questions during weekly phone calls about successes/barriers to using skills. Groups will be small, 6-8 people per group for a total of 32 participants who must have a formal mental health diagnosis and concerns about their thinking skills. In order to understand the concerns and needs of the participants, the group members will complete a brief assessment of their thinking skills before the study begins, and complete questionnaires about mindfulness/acceptance, thinking skills, and emotions before and after their participation. The group will meet 90 minutes each week over 10 weeks. Two booster sessions will be offered at 1 month and 2 months to refresh skills. If successful, the group will offer mindfulness/ACT interventions for individuals who may not otherwise be able to participate due to cognitive impairment.
Karoly Schlosser, Institute of Management Studies, Goldsmiths, University of London, and Frank W. Bond, Ph.D., Institute of Management Studies, Goldsmiths, University of London
Acceptance Commitment Training to Improve the Performance and Well-being of Astronauts and Flight Controllers of the European Space Agency for Long-duration Space Missions.
Summary
Applied psychology in space exploration is becoming vital (Vakoch, 2011) as humans are preparing to take the next leap to explore space and establish colonies on other planets and moons. These endeavours will require significantly longer missions and so it is crucial for astronauts to perform outstandingly, whilst maintaining their psychological well-being and performance in situations that have not yet been fully examined. In order to successfully accomplish mission outcome in such extreme and isolated environments astronauts and their team need to remain resilient in supporting each other and addressing unexpected issues. We believe that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and mindfulness meditation, underpinned by over two decades of empirical research, is wellplaced to improve the psychological and behavioural skills needed for such demanding missions. ACT is a leading-edge form of cognitive-behavioural therapies (CBTs); research clearly shows that ACT improves mental health, productivity, prosocial behavior and innovation by increasing people’s psychological flexibility: people’s ability to pursue their important goals, even when they experience challenging thoughts, feelings, fears, and emotions. The application of ACT incorporates mindfulness as a key therapeutic skill; it is an enhanced awareness of the present moment in an open and non-judgemental way.Its practice and effectiveness are increasingly being seen in clinical, educational, financial, media and public sectors to enhance human benefits. It is for these reasons, amongst others, that we believe that ACT could benefit astronauts who face unique and continual environmental and biopsychosocial challenges.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2016-2017 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2016-2017 AwardeesAwards for 2016-2017:
Ahmet Nalbant, M.D., Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Mental Health, Bakirkoy/Istanbul, Türkiye; K. Fatih Yavuz, M.D., Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Mental Health, Bakirkoy/Istanbul, Türkiye; Louise McHugh, Ph.D., University Of Dublin, Ireland:
Do Antipsychotics Have Any Effect on Perspective Taking in Schizophrenia?
Lay Summary
Schizophrenia is a highly debilitating disorder and managing negative symptoms is challenging even today. Atypical antipsychotics were expected to reduce burdens which arise from negative symptoms such as avolution and anhedonia. Although their well-known efficacy in terms of positive symptoms, benefits about negative symptoms and their related disabling outcomes are beyond expected.
Also, it seems that there are other aspects which might be important in social functioning in people with schizophrenia. Theory of Mind (ToM) impairments are one of them and is widely studied by cognitive psychologists in schizophrenia. There are very limited data about changes in ToM with antipsychotics. Moreover, whereas ToM impairments in schizophrenia are found to be related with social functioning and linked to anhedonia or disorganized thought, the impact of symptoms on different aspects of cognitive perspective taking is still not well known.
Since ToM research is cognitive developmental in nature and this brings that these skills develop or not, it tells us little about how one can improve social skills in this regard. A more recent contextual behavioural account to cognitive perspective taking was provided by relational frame theory (RFT). RFT suggests that the deictic relational frames of I–you, here–there, and now–then are critical in the development of perspective taking behavior and this is especially important while perspective taking skills can be taught.
This study aims to research whether different antipsychotics have any effect on perspective taking in people with schizophrenia and to investigate its processes along with psychotic symptoms. Understanding the processes of the change between deictic framing and the symptomatology of schizophrenia might lead us developing better interventional models to improve social functioning in schizophrenia.
Thomas G. Szabo, Ph.D., BCBA-D , Commit & Act, LLC, Florida Institute of Technology; Corinna Stewart; Ross White; Timothy Gordon; Brooks Witter; Jonathan Tarbox
DARE to Connect: A Pilot Study Using ACT to Foster New Intra-Familial Relationship Skills in Men
Lay summary
Commit & Act (C&A) is an NGO that has been working in Sierra Leone since 2010. Currently, the organization is coordinating a project called DARE to Connect (Defuse, Accept, Recenter, and Engage) that aims to teach partners in intimate relationships to relate to each other with both flexibility and resilience. DARE trains men and women to build relationships with mutual respect and emotional intimacy. We emphasize nurturing partnership in parenting, friendship-building, and sexually intimate relationships. Our aim is to curb domestic violence (DV) by supporting men at risk of committing or adjudicated after partner violence offences new ways to relate to themselves, their thoughts, desires, and emotions.
A. Exploratory research on a) prevalence, b) incidence, and c) recidivism of partner violence.
B. Multiple baseline design study across three dyads to evaluate the DARE to Connect intervention. In session, we will measure micro-aggressions. Between sessions, we will collect self-reports from each dyad. Also, we will collect private individual reports via an accessible online portal on incidences of partner violence. As DV in Sierra Leone is typically treated as a private family matter, we will compare data from these venues to assess whether the intervention serves to transform the functions of intra-family secrets from “acceptable” to “unacceptable”. We will use repeated measures data to assess changes in explicit attitudes voiced by men and women partners.
Data from this pilot investigation will be used to inform workshops and mentor Sierra Leonean therapists, law enforcement/corrections agents, teachers, medical professionals, and counsellors. These professionals will then be empowered to carry the work forward in their communities. We will mobilize partnerships with specific agencies in the region and strive to achieve larger levels of societal adoption. We aim to begin in Bo and replicate these efforts in other districts across Sierra Leone.
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2011-2012 Awardees
ACBS Research Development Grant Scheme - 2011-2012 AwardeesAwards for 2011-2012:
Ian Stewart, Ph.D., NIU Galway, Ireland, Nic Hooper, Ph.D., Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, & Louise McHugh, Ph.D., Swansea University, Wales, U.K.:
The Derived Generalisation of Thought Suppression Functions: Extension of the basic paradigm
Lay Summary
The aim of the current proposal is to empirically model unintentional generalization as a cognitive process involved in the failure of thought suppression. Previous research has suggested that thought suppression is difficult because the to-be-suppressed thought becomes associated with intentional distracters. Using a behavioural paradigm known as derived relational responding, the proposed study aims to model a process in which further elements which are not intentional distracters but which become linked to those initial distracters can further contribute to breakdown of intended suppression and consequent rebound of the to-be-suppressed thoughts over time.
Tanja Hundhammer, Ph.D., University of Cologne, Germany, and Gayannée Kedia, Ph.D., University of Cologne, Germany:
Beyond self-compassion: Does mindfulness reduce stereotyping towards despised social targets?
Lay summary
Functioning social relationships make us happy and healthy. To get along well with others we need an open mind. Conversely, stereotyping limits our socializing capacities and often precludes us from making friends. Social psychology’s attempts to reduce stereotyping have so far come up against an intrinsic limit: They are all group-specific. We think that a more general change in social thinking would be fruitful and propose mindfulness training as a viable way to reach this change.
Mindfulness meditation trains non-elaborative, non-judgmental awareness - i.e., one learns to recognize and let go of upcoming thoughts. If one is mindful in a social encounter with a member of a despised social group, one should just recognize upcoming stereotypic thoughts, and then return to the momentary experience (individualized information about the person). Although mindfulness is likely to reduce stereotyping, it has not been tested in this regard.
We want to test mindfulness’ stereotyping reduction capacities in two experimental lab and two correlational field studies. In the experiments, we will instruct participants to become mindful vs. to mind-wander (cf. Kiken & Shook, 2011). Afterwards, participants will judge a member of a despised social group (e.g., drug addict). We hypothesize that as mindfulness distances the person from automatic stereotypic associations, it reduces stereotyping, even on implicit measures like the Implicit Association Test. In our correlative studies we will compare participants with various levels of meditation experience in a Buddhist meditation center and in a mindfulness-based stress-reduction class.
If mindfulness reduces stereotyping, it won’t only be a self-help tool for patients, but also a method to promote social harmony. Mindfulness could alleviate distorted social perceptions, as in social phobia, depression, and in aggression. This could permit a deeper understanding of the mental mechanisms which contribute to human suffering and rehabilitation, on an individual and societal level.
Information About Grants and Grant Writing
Information About Grants and Grant WritingThis page includes a list of resources for learning about the NIH grant application process and how to write successful NIH grants.
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Power Point Slides
There are several power point presentations by Steven Hayes and Jacqueline Pistorello posted at the bottom of this page. These slides were developed for a grant class taught at the University of Nevada - Reno and cover different aspects of grant writing and submission.
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Grant Mechanisms and Funding Opportunities
Describes the different types of funding mechanisms (RO1, K, etc...) for NIH.
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Step by Step Outline of Applying for Grants
Walks through the different steps for submitting a grant.
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NIH Advice on Writing Clinical Research Grants
Provides useful suggestions on how to write and what to include in each of the grant sections for clinical research grant submitted to NIH.
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NIH Grant Review Process Video
"The Center for Scientific Review has produced a video of a mock study section meeting to provide an inside look at how NIH grant applications are reviewed for scientific and technical merit. The video shows how outside experts assess applications and how review meetings are conducted to ensure fairness. The video also includes information on what applicants can do to improve the chances their applications will receive a positive review."
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Electronic Submission Information
Provides information regarding how to submit your grant electronically, including common errors and required software
Resources for Finding Funding Opportunities and Previously Funded Grants
Resources for Finding Funding Opportunities and Previously Funded GrantsThis page includes a list of resources for finding funding opportunities (PAs, RFAs).
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Searching for Funding Announcements - Grants.Gov
Searchable database for funding announcements (RFAs and PAs).
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NIMH Newsletter
Archived list of emails from the NIMH newsletter describing funding opportunities and other grant relevant information. Also, provides a link to join
Grant Resources Archives
Grant Resources Archives CommunityOngoing ACT Grants
Ongoing ACT GrantsIf you have an ongoing grant on ACT please add a child page and describe it!
Here are a few we know about:
Jacqueline Pistorello and Steven Hayes at the University of Nevada (with co-investigators Tony Biglan and John Seely at Oregon Institue) have been awarded a 5 year 2.6 million dollar grant from the National Institute on Mental Health (2008 - 2013) to examine the impact of ACT on the prevention of behavioral health problems in 18-20 year old college students.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, “Stigma and Burnout in Addiction Counselors,” R01 DAO17868, August 1, 2005- July 31, 2008, S. C. Hayes, Principal-investigator.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, “Reducing Felt Stigma in SUD,” $435,000, 2003-2006, Barbara S. Kohlenberg, Principle investigator.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, “Distress Tolerance Treatment for Early Smoking Lapsers,” $1,068,000, 2003-2006, Richard Brown, Principle investigator.
National Institute on Drug Abuse, “Acceptance Therapy During Methadone Detoxification,” 2005-2008, Angela L. Stotts, University of Texas-Houston Medical School.
If you are looking for resources to assist in applying for a grant, the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies has a useful list of links to learn more about grants and funding sources that can be accessed here.
ACT and Methadone Detoxification
ACT and Methadone DetoxificationDevelopment and piloting of a mindfulness-based intervention for overweight and obese women.
Development and piloting of a mindfulness-based intervention for overweight and obese women.Development of a Psychosocial Treatment for Psychotic Depression
Development of a Psychosocial Treatment for Psychotic DepressionStigma and Burnout in Addiction Counselors, R01 DAO17868
Stigma and Burnout in Addiction Counselors, R01 DAO17868The National Institute on Drug Abuse has awarded a $1.1 M grant to University of Nevada, Reno to study burnout in addiction counselors. Housed in the Department of Psychology at UNR under Dr. Steven Hayes's direction, the three year study will examine the relative impact of various methods for alleviating stress and burnout. Co-investigators are UNR faculty Nancy Roget (Center for the Application of Substance Abuse Technologies), Barbara Kohlenberg (Psychiatry), and Jason Luoma (Psychology).
Substance abuse is one of the most difficult problems to treat, and addiction counselors are not immune to the negative attitudes and feelings that comes from working with difficult clients. Reducing providers entanglement with their own negative thoughts may be particularly important because there is evidence that these processes contribute to provider burnout, job turnover, and to decreased effectiveness in working with people in need.
There are few well developed methods for the alleviation of entanglement with negative attitudes toward recipients of care, however. This grant will evaluate two methods for the reduction of the harmful impact of thoughts of this kind: Multicultural Training and Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT). Alone and in combination these will be compared to training in the biological processes that underlying addiction since it has been argued that understanding that addiction is a disease reduces bias toward people suffering from addition.
Multicultural Training is widely used to help providers be more aware of their biases and to see the world to the eyes of others. Usually this approach is applied to cultural or racial bias, but it seems equally applicable to appreciating the inside world of people with addictions.
ACT, developed here at UNR by Dr. Hayes, is an increasingly popular new form of therapy is based on mindfulness, acceptance, and values. In this study it will be used to teach providers to notice their difficult thoughts and feelings more the way a meditator might notice thoughts that comes up during meditation, and then to focus on what they can do with actual behavior to further their values.
Multicultural knowledge is known to be important when working with clients who comes from different cultural group, but there is also some evidence that providers sometimes feel guilty about their own biases when they learn to detect them. This study will see if the combination mindfulness and multicultural training can reduce this problem, allowing providers to use multicultural knowledge more effectively.
In workshops conducted across the country about 300 providers will be randomly assigned to the four conditions and will be trained in two day workshops. Pre, post, and follow-up measures will be taken on stress and burnout, and providers entanglement with negative thoughts about difficult clients, among other measures. It is expected that both treatments will have initially positive effects on stigma and burnout, but based on previous research it is expected that acceptance and mindfulness may have a longer term impact on the burnout provides feel as a result of working with such difficult cases.
This study is the largest randomized study ever done on multicultural training, It is also one of the larger randomized trials ever done on therapists burnout, and on mindfulness-based training. The study is funded by the National Institute on Substance Abuse, which has supported several other successful studies on ACT over the last decade.
For additional information, contact Steve Hayes at hayes@unr.edu
Treatment Development for Comorbid Major Depression and Social Phobia
Treatment Development for Comorbid Major Depression and Social PhobiaResearch Resources Archives
Research Resources ArchivesResearch Summaries (2011 - 2017)
Research Summaries (2011 - 2017)The date that each webpage was last updated is in paratheses.
- ACT for Weight Control. Includes research on weight maintanence (2017)
- ACT Handouts. The ACT Handout was created annually from 2006 - 2014.
- ACT for addictions. Studies and publications (2013)
- ACT Group Intervention Research - This page includes information on group intervention research (2011)
- Negative Results. This page includes information on ACT research failures (2011).
- ACT/RFT Reader Update. This page includes a list of recent ACT/RFT publications with brief summaries for each article (2008 - 2011).
Research Summaries (2006 - 2010)
Research Summaries (2006 - 2010)The date that each webpage was last updated is in paratheses.
- ACT Handouts. The ACT Handout was created annually from 2006 - 2014.
- ACT/RFT Reader Update. This page includes a list of recent ACT/RFT publications with brief summaries for each article (2008 - 2011).
- RFT Studies. Includes a reference list of published RFT studies (2010).
- ACT for Health Problems. Includes research on cancer, smoking, chronic pain, and other health problems (2010)
- Correlational studies. Includes a reference list of published correlational studies with ACT-relevant measures (2009).
- Experimental Psychopathology and Component Studies. Includes a reference list of published experimental psychopathology studies related to the ACT model and analogue/component studies using ACT treatment components (2009)
- Effectiveness Studies. Includes a reference list of published ACT effectiveness studies (2008).
- Case Studies. Includes a reference list of published ACT case studies (2008).
- Non-Empirical Articles & Chapters. Includes a reference list of published non-empirical articles and book chapters related to ACT and RFT (2008).
- Articles comparing ACT to CBT. Includes a list of articles discussing the relationship of ACT to CBT (2008).
- Published Criticisms of ACT. Includes a reference list of published criticisms of ACT (2008).
- Changing Cultural Practices. Includes information on specific applications of ACT to cultural issues (2008)
- ACT with Children, Adolescents & Parents. Includes a summary of ACT research with children, adolescents and parents by Amy Murrell and Andrew Scherbarth. (2006)
ACT for addictions: Studies and publications
ACT for addictions: Studies and publicationsThere is an Applying ACT to Addictions Special Interest Group (SIG) that ACBS members can join.
For an up-to-date list of ACT RCTs for addiction, ACBS members can go to the Applying ACT to Addictions SIG Resources.
Below is summarized existing ACT empirical articles and references related to substance abuse, gambling, and recovery. Please contribute by adding to it if you see that references are missing.
Gambling related references:
Dymond, S. & Whelan, R. (2007). Verbal relations and the behavior analysis of gambling. Analysis of Gambling Behavior, 1, 19-20
Nastally, B. L. & Dixon, M. R. (2012). The Effect of a Brief Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Intervention on the Near-Miss Effect in Problem Gamblers. Psychological Record, 62 (4), 677-690.
Non empirical publications on substance abuse
Batten, S. V., DeViva, J. C., Santanello, A. P., Morris, L. J., Benson, P. R., & Mann, M. A. (2009). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders. In J. Blackledge, J. Ciarrochi, & F. Dean (Eds.), Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Current Directions (pp. 311-328). Queensland, Australia: Australian Academic Press.
Buckner, J. D., Zvolensky, M. J., Farris, S. G., & Hogan, J. (in press). Social Anxiety and Coping Motives for Cannabis Use: The Impact of Experiential Avoidance.
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors.
Heffner, M. & Eifert, G. (2003). Valued directions: Acceptance & Commitment Therapy in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10, 378-383.
Luoma, J.B. & Kohlenberg, B. S. (2012). Self-Stigma and Shame in Addictions. In S. C. Hayes & M. Levin (Eds). Acceptance, Mindfulness, Values, and Addictive Behaviors: Counseling with Contemporary Cognitive Behavioral Therapies. Oakland: New Harbinger.
Smout, M. (2008). Psychotherapy for Methamphetamine Dependence. Drug and Alcohol Services South Australia 2008: 429. https://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au
Turner, N., Welches, P., & Conti, S. (2013). Mindfulness-Based Sobriety. New Habringer, Oakland, CA. (book that integrates ACT with some other related approaches)
Wilson, K. G. & Byrd, M. R. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Substance Abuse and Dependence. In S. C. Hayes & K. Strosahl, (Eds.)A Practical Guide to Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (pp. 153-184). New York: Springer Press. (preprint available from 1st author -- click on his name above.)
Wilson, K. G. & Hayes, S. C. (2000). Why it is crucial to understand thinking and feeling: an analysis and application to drug abuse. The Behavior Analyst, 23, 25-43.
Wilson, K. G., Hayes, S. C., & Byrd, M. (2000). Exploring compatibilities between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and 12-Step treatment for substance abuse. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 18, 209-234.
Substance abuse research
Batten, S. V., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Comorbid Substance Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study. Clinical Case Studies, 4(3), 246-262.
Bricker, J. B., Mann, S. L., Marek, P. M., Liu, J. M., Peterson, A. V. (2010). Telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for adult smoking cessation: A feasibility study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12,454-458.
Bricker, J., Wyszynski, C., Comstock, B., & Heffner, J. L. (2013). Pilot randomized controlled trial of web-based acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 15(10), 1756-1764.
Brown, R. A., Palm, K. M., Strong, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W. Zvolensky, M. J., Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V. (2008). Development of an exposure- and ACT-based distress tolerance treatment for early lapse smokers: Rationale, program description, and preliminary findings. Behavior Modification, 32, 302-332.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M.., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004). Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation: An initial trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-705.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B., Hayes, S. C., Pierson, H., Piasecki, M., Antonuccio, D., & Palm, K. (2011). Does acceptance and relationship focused behavior therapy contribute to bupropion outcomes? A randomized controlled trial of FAP and ACT for smoking cessation. Behavior Therapy, 42, 700-715. L
Hayes, S. C., & Levin, M. (Eds.). (2012). Mindfulness and Acceptance for Addictive Behaviors: Applying Contextual CBT to Substance Abuse and Behavioral Addictions. New Harbinger Publications.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K.G., Gifford, E.V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S.V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004). A preliminary trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance-abusing methadone-maintained opiate addicts. Behavior Therapy, 35, 667-688.
Luoma, J. B., Drake, C., Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B. (2011). Substance Abuse and Psychological Flexibility: The Development of a New Measure. Addiction Research and Theory, 19(1), 3-13.
Luoma, J.B., Nobles, R. H., Drake, C., E., Hayes, S. C., O-Hair, A., Fletcher, L., & Kohlenberg, B. S. (2013). A New Measure of Self-Stigma in Addiction: Measure Development and Psychometrics. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, 1-12.
Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K. & Rye, A. K. (2008). Reducing the self stigma of substance abuse through acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, manual development, and pilot outcomes. Addiction Research & Therapy, 16, 149-165.
Luoma, J. B., & Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S. C., & Fletcher, L. (2012). Slow and Steady Wins the Race: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Targeting Shame in Substance Use Disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 43-51.
Smout, M. F., Longo, M., Harrison, S., Minniti, R., Wickes, W., & White, J. M. (2010). Psychosocial treatment for methamphetamine use disorders: A preliminary randomized controlled trial of cognitive behavior therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy. Substance Abuse, 31, 98–107.
Stotts, A., Masuda, A., & Wilson, K. (2009) Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy During Methadone Dose Reduction: Rationale, Treatment Description, and a Case Report. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 205-213.
Stotts, A. L., Green, C., Masuda, A., Grabowski, J., Wilson, K., Northrup, T. F., ... & Schmitz, J. M. (2012). A stage I pilot study of acceptance and commitment therapy for methadone detoxification. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 125(3), 215-222.
Villagrá Lanza, P., & González Menéndez, A. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for drug abuse in incarcerated women. Psicothema, 25(3). This is part of a larger study so if it better to refewr to the full data set: Villagrá P, Fernández P, Rodríguez F, González A. (in press). Acceptance and commitment therapy vs. cognitive behavioural therapy in the treatment of substance use disorder with incarcerated women. Journal of Clinical Psychology. The long term (18 month) follow up data are reported in González-Menéndez, A., Fernández, P., Rodríguez, F., & Villagrá, P. (2014) Long-term outcomes of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in drug-dependent female inmates: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Clinical Health Psychology, 14, 18-27.
Twohig, M. P., Shoenberger, D., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). A preliminary investigation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a treatment for marijuana dependence in adults. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 40,619-632.
Tull, M., Schulzinger, D., Schmidt, N.B., Zvolensky, M.J., Lejuez, C. W. (2007). Development and initial examination of a brief intervention for heightened anxiety sensitivity among heroin users. Behavior Modification, 31, 220-242.
Vilardaga, R., Luoma, J.B., Hayes, S.C., Pistorello, J., Levin, M., Hildebrandt, M.J., Kohlenberg, B., Roget, N. & Bond, F.W. (in press). Burnout among the addiction counseling workforce: The differential roles of mindfulness and values-based processes and worksite factors. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.
ACT Group Intervention Research
ACT Group Intervention ResearchHere are just a few of the studies on ACT done in groups (some of these also have individual sessions, but all have groups as a substantial part of the intervention):
Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-163.
Zettle, R. D., & Raines, J. C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45,438-445.
Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K. & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-835.
Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Bissett, R., Piasecki, M., Batten, S. V., Byrd, M., & Gregg, J. (2004). A randomized controlled trial of twelve-step facilitation and acceptance and commitment therapy with polysubstance abusing methadone maintained opiate addicts. Behavior Therapy, 35, 667-688.
Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M.., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004). Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation: An initial trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-705.
McCracken, L. M, Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2005). Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long-standing chronic pain: A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1335-1346.
Gratz, K. L. & Gunderson, J. G. (2006). Preliminary data on an acceptance-based emotion regulation group intervention for deliberate self-harm among women with Borderline Personality Disorder. Behavior Therapy, 37, 25-35.
Blackledge, J. T. & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the support of parents of children diagnosed with autism. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28 (1), 1-18.
Lundgren, A. T., Dahl, J., Melin, L. & Kees, B. (2006). Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa. Epilepsia, 47, 2173-2179.
Gregg, J. A., Callaghan, G. M., Hayes, S. C., & Glenn-Lawson, J. L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 336-343.
Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., Fisher, G., Padilla, M., Bissett, R., Kohlenberg, B. K. , Holt, C., & & Twohig, M. P. (2008). Augmenting continuing education with psychologically-focused group consultation: Effects on adoption of Group Drug Counseling. Psychotherapy Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44, 463-469.
Varra, A. A., Hayes, S. C., Roget, N., & Fisher, G. (2008). A randomized control trial examining the effect of Acceptance and Commitment Training on clinician willingness to use evidence-based pharmacotherapy. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 449-458.
Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 58-69.
Tapper, K., Shaw, C., Ilsley, J., Hill, A. J., Bond, F. W., & Moore, L. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 52, 396–404.
Flaxman, P. E. & Bond, F. W. (2010). A randomised worksite comparison of acceptance and commitment therapy and stress inoculation training. Behaviour Research and Therapy 43, 816-820.
Flaxman, P. E., & Bond, F. W. (2010). Worksite stress management training: Moderated effects and clinical significance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15, 347-358.
Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., Smit, F., & Westerhof, G. J. (2010). Mental health promotion as a new goal in public mental health care: A randomized controlled trial of an intervention enhancing psychological flexibility. American Journal of Public Health, 10, 2372-2378.
Bohlmeijer, E. T., Fledderus, M., Rokx, T. A., & Pieterse, M. E. (2011). Efficacy of an early intervention based on acceptance and commitment therapy for adults with depressive symptomatology: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 62-67.
Brinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., & Berglund, G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of stress among social workers: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49, 389-398.
Pearson, A. N., Follette, V. M. & Hayes, S. C. (in press). A pilot study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a workshop intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Luoma, J. B., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C. & Fletcher, L. (in press). Slow and steady wins the race: A randomized clinical trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy targeting shame in substance use disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology.
Morton, J., Snowdon, S., Gopold, M. & Guymer, E. (in press). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy group treatment for symptoms of Borderline Personality Disorder: A public sector pilot study. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Folke, F., Parling, T., & Melin, L. (in press). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for depression: A preliminary randomized clinical trial for unemployed on long-term sick leave. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
Biglan, A., Layton, G. L., Backen Jones, L., Hankins, M. & Rusby, J. C. (in press). The value of workshops on psychological flexibility for early childhood special education staff. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education.
Most of these studies are in the publications area of the site (and if one is missing prompt the author to get it up there).
ACT for Health Problems
ACT for Health ProblemsAs healthcare delivery continues to move towards and integrated care model, the connections between biological, psychological, and social processes affecting health remain minimally understood. Researchers have been exploring the role of acceptance, mindfulness, and values in producing positive health outcomes, while examining the negative role of experiential avoidance in the development and maintenance of health problems. ACT studies have been conducted in the areas of chronic pain, smoking, stress, burnout, diabetes management, and epilepsy with more studies in progress. In this section you will find links to researchers, studies, and applications of ACT in the areas of Wellness, Behavioral Health, Health Psychology, and Behavioral Medicine.
ACT for Weight Control
ACT for Weight ControlACT Theory and Weight Control
ACT Theory and Weight ControlFrom an ACT perspective, many of the psychological factors related to weight control that were discussed previously can be grouped into three categories:
- Persistence in the face of difficult emotions and thoughts or distress tolerance
- Cognitive rigidity
- Motivational factors
Persistence: Individuals who have difficulty maintaining weight loss typically report or have been found to eat in response to stress and other negative affective states, such as hopelessness, helplessness, anger, anxiety, or boredom. From an ACT perspective, this can be seen as a problem with persistence or distress tolerance. The ACT theory of psychopathology suggests that attempts to change or eliminate unwanted private experiences (experiential avoidance) result in a narrow set of behavioral responses. In this case, the presence of uncomfortable or undesirable emotions consistently occasions eating for comfort. The problem is that the short-term effects of reducing negative affect have little or no impact on an individual’s long-term ability to face discomfort and lead a healthy, vital life. Each instance strengthens the relationship between uncomfortable emotion and avoidance. In a sense, the individual becomes less able to deal with uncomfortable emotions over time and eating is required more and more as a coping response.
Rigidity: Individuals who have difficulty maintaining weight loss typically report or have been found to adhere to rigid thinking patterns and rigid control of eating behaviors. Unsuccessful maintainers frequently adhere to dichotomous “all or nothing” thinking, viewing a minor misstep as a total failure or discounting any gains that fall short of some imagined ideal as meaningless. These individuals are prone to alternating between total restriction of desirable foods and a complete lack of weight controls all together. From and ACT perspective, this can be viewed as cognitive fusion. Cognitive fusion refers to situations in which behavior is excessively regulated by verbal rules and is insensitive to direct experiences. Individuals may be responding to verbal formulations, such as, “I had cake therefore I blew it, so what’s the point” or, “I only lost 15 pounds. I’ll never get to where I want to be.” These private events are experienced as literal truth, not as experiences that can be noticed while not being believed nor disbelieved. Individuals respond as though this is a true state of affairs and engage in behaviors that are inconsistent with a healthy, vital life.
Motivational factors: Individuals who have difficulty maintaining weight loss typically report attempting to lose weight in response to pressure from friends, family members, or health professionals as opposed to personal reasons, such as caring for oneself, wanting to be more healthy, or less activity restriction. From an ACT perspective, this can be seen as a form of rule-governance called pliance. Pliance occurs when individuals engage in behaviors in an attempt to please others or “be good” (Hayes, Strosahl et al., 1999). When this function dominates over direct, personal experiences of what works, problems can occur. These externally based contingencies are often not enough to maintain behavior outside the presence of the contextual variables (e.g. family member telling them they are doing a good job). Given the lifelong nature of maintaining weight, it is unlikely that excessive pliance could be a successful long-term behavioral approach. From an ACT perspective, individuals do not need to engage in behaviors consistent with weight maintenance in order to be praised by others; they can do them as an expression of chosen personal values (also called augmenting) and doing what works in regard to those values (also called tracking). In this respect, weight maintenance behaviors are less rigid and are more likely to be tied to the direct contingencies necessary for success.
Motivation, then, can be viewed primarily as a values issue. People are often not connected to their values. It is possible that there is frequently a disparity between what people want in their lives and what they are actually doing. This disparity can be painful to contact, thus relegating the issue of values to the background. Acceptance and defusion can help create a context where this disparity can be noticed without attachment to the painful private events that can accompany this connection. From an ACT perspective, then, values work involves goal setting/ attainment and the willingness to say/ know what is truly wanted. This involves the ability to recognize and be in contact with the disparity between what is desired and what is currently being done.
Relevant Psychological Variables
Relevant Psychological VariablesStudies on or Related to Weight Maintenance
Studies on or Related to Weight MaintenanceOutcome Studies: Weight Maintenance
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Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 58-69.
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Forman, E. M., Butryn, M. L., Hoffman, K. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2009). An open trial of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16(2), 223-235.
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Tapper, K., Shaw, C., Ilsley, J., Hill, A. J., Bond, F. W., & Moore, L. (2009). Exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mindfulness-based weight loss intervention for women. Appetite, 52, 396–404.
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Niemeier, H. M., Leahey, T., Palm Reed, K., Brown, R. A., & Wing, R. R. (2012). An acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight loss: A pilot study. Behavior Therapy, 43, 427-435.
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Katterman, S. N., Goldstein, S. P., Butryn, M. L., Forman, E. M., & Lowe, M. R. (2014). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight gain prevention in young adult women. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 45-50.
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Nourian, L., & Aghaei, A. (2015). Effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the body mass index in women afflicted with obesity. Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing, 3, 11-20.
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Berman, M., Morton, S., & Hegel, M. (2016). Uncontrolled pilot study of an acceptance and commitment therapy and health at every size intervention for obese, depressed women: Accept yourself. Psychotherapy, 53(4), 462-467.
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Bradley, L. E., Forman, E. M., Kerrigan, S. G., Goldstein, S. P., Butryn, M. L., Thomas, J. G., ... & Sarwer, D. B. (2017). Project HELP: a remotely delivered behavioral intervention for weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obesity surgery, 27(3), 586-598.
Micro/Component Studies: Weight Maintenance
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Lillis, J. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the treatment of obesity-related stigma and sustained weight loss. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Nevada, Reno.
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Lillis, J., Thomas, J., Niemeier, H., & Wing, R. (2017). Exploring process variables through which acceptance-based behavioral interventions may improve weight loss maintenance. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 6(4), 398-403.
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Forman, E. M., Hoffman, K. L., McGrath, K. B., Herbert, J. D., Brandsma, L. L., & Lowe, M. R. (2007). A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2372-2386.
98 participants with chocolate cravings were exposed to a CBT-based protocol and an ACT-based protocol or no instructions and required to carry chocolate with them of for two days. Those more impacted by food related cues ate less and had fewer cravings in the ACT condition.
- Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, R., Lapveteläinen, A., & Karhunen, L. (2012). Perceptions, motives, and psychological flexibility associated with weight management. Journal of Obesity & Weight Loss Therapy, 2(135).
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Weineland, S., Arvidsson, D., Kakoulidis, T., & Dahl, J. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy for bariatric surgery patients, a pilot RCT. Obesity Research & Clinical Practice, 6(1), e21-e30.
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Forman, E. M., Hoffman, K. L., Juarascio, A. S., Butryn, M. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2013). Comparison of acceptance-based and standard cognitive-based coping strategies for craving sweets in overweight and obese women. Eating Behaviors, 14, 64-68.
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Sairanen, E., Lappalainen, R., Lapveteläinen, A., Tolvanen, A., & Karhunen, L. (2014). Flexibility in weight management. Eating behaviors, 15(2), 218-224.
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Sairanen, E., Tolvanen, A., Karhunen, L., Kolehmainen, M., Järvelä, E., Rantala, S., Peuhkuri, K., Korpela, R., & Lappalainen, R. (2015). Psychological Flexibility and Mindfulness Explain Intuitive Eating in Overweight Adults. Behavior Modification, 39(4), 557-579.
Measurement Development: Weight Maintenance
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Lillis, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2008). Measuring avoidance and inflexibility in weight related problems. International Journal of Behavior Consultation and Therapy, 4(4), 348-354.
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Lillis, J., Luoma, J. B., Levin, M. E., & Hayes, S. C. (2010). Measuring Weight Self‐stigma: The Weight Self‐stigma Questionnaire. Obesity, 18(5), 971-976.
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Sandoz, E. K., Wilson, K. G., Merwin, R, M. & Kellum, K. K. (2013). Assessment of body image flexibility: The Body Image-Acceptance and Action Questionnaire. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 2, 39-48.
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Palmeira, L., Cunha, M., Pinto-Gouveia, J., Carvalho, S., & Lillis, J. (2016). New developments in the assessment of weight-related experiential avoidance (AAQW-Revised). Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 5(3), 193-200.
Psychological Flexibility and Weight Maintenance
- Ciarrochi, J., Sahdra, B., Marshall, S., Parker, P., & Horwath, C. (2014). Psychological flexibility is not a single dimension: The distinctive flexibility profiles of underweight, overweight, and obese people. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3, 236-247.
Physical Activity and Weight Maintenance
- Mutikainen, S., Föhr, T., Karhunen, L., Kolehmainen, M., Kainulainen, H., Lappalainen, R., & Kujala, U. (2015). Predictors of increase in physical activity during a 6-month follow-up period among overweight and physically inactive healthy young adults. Journal of Exercise Science and Fitness, 13 (2), 63-71.
Body Image and Weight Maintenance
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Pearson, A. N., Follette, V. M. & Hayes, S. C. (2012). A pilot study of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) as a workshop intervention for body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(1), 181-197.
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Rafiee, M., Sedrpoushan, N., & Abedi. M. R. (2014). The effect of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on reducing anxiety symptoms and body image dissatisfaction in obese women. Journal of Social Issues & Humanities, 2 (1), 187-190.
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Timko, C. A., Juarascio, A. S., Martin, L. M., Faherty, A., & Kalodner, C. (2014). Body image avoidance: An under-explored yet important factor in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 203-211.
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Webb, J. B. (2015). Body image flexibility contributes to explaining the link between body dissatisfaction and body appreciation in White college-bound females. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 4, 176-183.
The Problem of Obesity
The Problem of ObesityObesity has been referred to as a dangerous epidemic and one of the most important public health challenges of the 21st century. The sharp increase in obesity has contributed to increases in related conditions, causing a sizeable economic cost burden for health providers and funding agencies. The 2002 estimated U.S. cost burden for obesity was $92.6 billion (Finkelstein, Fiebelkorn, & Wang, 2003).
It has been shown that marketplace food portions have increased in size since the 1970’s(Young & Nestle, 2002). People have been eating out more (K. Ball, Brown, & Crawford, 2002), food industry marketing has increased, and larger numbers of new products are being introduced (Gallo, 1990). Most Americans are sedentary. Technological advances have led to an increase in use of computers, cars, elevators, and televisions, with subsequent decreases in athletic activities including walking and bicycling.
Obese people also face discrimination resulting in external consequences. A recent review of the literature found evidence of obesity discrimination at every stage of the employment cycle (Roehling, 1999). Negative attitudes regarding obesity are widespread, socially acceptable, and develop as early as three years of age (Falkner et al., 1999; Puhl & Brownell, 2003a).
Well controlled, comprehensive weight loss programs often achieve substantial weight loss results with low rates of attrition. However weight maintenance has been a significant problem in the literature. Typically, half the weight lost is regained in the first year following treatment, and by 3-5 years posttreatment, 80% of patients have returned to or exceeded their pretreatment weight (Perri, 1998; Wadden et al., 1989; Wing, 1998).
ACT-Related Research on Health Problems
ACT-Related Research on Health ProblemsThe pages below list published ACT-related research studies for specific health problems that are available on the website as of July 2008. Empirical studies listed include ACT outcome studies, case studies, correlational research and micro/component studies. The literature is moving quickly and it takes a while to update pages like this. For a more detailed list of outcome studies and other empirical research you can download the "ACT Handout" and/or check the research summaries posted on the website, which are updated more regularly.
Update in Aug 2016: a new meta-analysis is useful in many of these areas: Graham, C. D., Gouick, J., Krahé, C., & Gillanders, D. (2016). A systematic review of the use of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in chronic disease and long-term conditions. Clinical Psychology Review, 46, 46–58. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2016.04.009
Cancer Research
Cancer Research- Páez, M., Luciano, M. C., & Gutiérrez, O. (2007). Tratamiento psicológico para el afrontamiento del cáncer de mama. Estudio comparativo entre estrategias de aceptación y de control cognitivo. [Psychological treatment for breast cancer. Comparison between acceptance based and cognitive control based strategies] Psicooncología, 4, 75–95.
- Branstetter, A. D., Wilson, K. G., Hildebrandt, M., & Mutch, D. (2004). Improving psychological adjustment among cancer patients: ACT and CBT. Paper presented at the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, New Orleans.
Large randomized trial showing that ACT is more helpful than traditional CBT in dealing with end stage cancer and works through a different process. Amazing data.
- Montesinos, F., Hernández, B., & Luciano, C. (2001). Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in cancer patients. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 503-524.
Chronic Pain Research
Chronic Pain ResearchOutcome Studies: Chronic Pain
- Greco, L. A., Blomquist, K. K., Acra, S., & Moulton, D. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Adolescents with Functional Abdominal Pain: Results of a Pilot Investigation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
- Wicksell, R. K., Melin, L., Lekander, M., & Olsson, G. L. (2009). Evaluating the effectiveness of exposure and acceptance strategies to improve functioning and quality of life in longstanding pediatric pain – A randomized controlled trial. Pain, 141(3), 248-257.
- Vowles, K. E., Wetherell, J. L., & Sorrell, J. T. (2009). Targeting acceptance, mindfulness, and values-based action in chronic pain: Findings of two preliminary trials of an outpatient group-based intervention. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 16, 49-58.
- Vowles, K. E., & McCracken, L. M. (2008). Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: A study of treatment effectiveness and process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 397-407.
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Wicksell, R.K., Ahlqvist, J., Bring, A., Melin, L. & Olsson, G.L. (2008). Can exposure and acceptance strategies improve functioning and life satisfaction in people with chronic pain and whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)? A randomized controlled trial. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy
Included people (adults) with longstanding pain due to whiplash (WAD). A 10-session protocol was compared with a wait list control group, and found significant improvements following treatment in functioning and life satisfaction, as well as in psychological flexibility (as measured with PIPS).
- McCracken, L. M., MacKichan, F., & Eccleston, C. (2007). Contextual cognitive-behavioral therapy for severely disabled chronic pain sufferers: Effectiveness and clinically significant change. European Journal of Pain, 11, 314-322.
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Wicksell R.K, Melin, L. & Olsson, G.L. (2007). Exposure and acceptance in the rehabilitation of children and adolescents with chronic pain.European Journal of Pain, 11, 267-274.
Open trial with 14 adolescents. Good outcomes that continue to improve through follow up.
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McCracken, L. M., Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2005). Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1335-1346.
108 chronic pain patients with a long history of treatment are followed through an ACT-based 3-4 week residential treatment program. Measures improved from initial assessment to pre-treatment on average only 3% (average of 3.9 month wait), but improved on average 34% following treatment. 81% of these gains were retained through a 3 month follow up. Changes in acceptance predicted positive changes in depression, pain related anxiety, physical disability, psychosocial disability, and the ability to stand. Positive outcomes were also seen in a timed walk, decreased medical visits, daily rest due to pain, pain intensity, and decreased pain medication use.
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Dahl, J., Wilson, K. G., & Nilsson, A. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the treatment of persons at risk for long-term disability resulting from stress and pain symptoms: A preliminary randomized trial. Behavior Therapy, 35, 785-802.
A small randomized controlled trial shows that a four hour ACT intervention reduced sick day usage by 91% over the next six months compared to treatment as usual in a group of chronic pain patients at risk for going on to permanent disability.
Mediation Analyses
- Wicksell, R. K., Olsson, G. L., Hayes, S. C. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a mediator of improvement in acceptance and commitment therapy for patients with chronic pain following whiplash. European Journal of Pain.
Case Studies: Chronic Pain
- Kleen, M., & Jaspers, J. P. C. (2007). Women should not be allowed to run. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with a pain disorder. Translated from: Vrouwen horen niet hard te lopen. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) bij een pijnstoornis. Gedragstherapie, 40, 7-26.
- Wicksell, R. K., Dahl, J., Magnusson, B., & Olsson, G. L. (2005). Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the rehabilitation of an adolescent female with chronic pain: A case example. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 12, 415-423. Shows dramatic improvement with a 14 year old chronic pain patient using a values focused ACT protocol.
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Luciano, C., Visdómine, J.C., Gutiérrez, O., & Montesinos, F. (2001). ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and chronic pain. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 473-502.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of chronic pain and shows resulting data. Case study.
Micro/Component Studies: Chronic Pain
- Vowles, K., McNeil, D.W., Bates, M., Gallimore, P. & McCall, C. (2007). Effects of pain acceptance and pain control strategies on physical impairment in individuals with chronic low back pain. Behavior Therapy, 38, 412-425.
- A number of other micro/component studies have examined the impact of brief ACT interventions on performance in pain inducing preparations and are listed here.
Correlational Studies: Chronic Pain
- McCracken, L. M., & Zhao-O'Brien, J. (2010). General psychological acceptance and chronic pain: There is more to accept than pain itself. European Journal of Pain, 14, 170-175.
- McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2008). A prospective analysis of acceptance and values in patients with chronic pain. Health Psychology, 27, 215-220.
- Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2008). Patient functioning and catastrophizing in chronic pain: The mediating effects of acceptance. Health Psychology, 27, S136-S143.
- Wicksell, R. K., Renofalt, J., Olsson, G. L., Bond, F. W., & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion - Central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European Journal of Pain, 12, 491-500.
- McCracken, L. M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive-behavioral analysis of chronic pain-related suffering and disability. Pain, 131, 63-69.
- McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). Psychological flexibility and traditional pain management strategies in relation to patient functioning with chronic pain: An examination of a revised instrument.Journal of Pain, 8, 339-349.
- McCracken, L. M., Vowles, K. E., & Gauntlett-Gilbert, J. (2007). A prospective investigation of acceptance and control-oriented coping with chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 339-349.
- Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2007). Processes of behavior change in interdisciplinary treatment of chronic pain: Contributions of pain intensity, catastrophizing, and acceptance.European Journal of Pain, 11, 779-787.
- McCracken, L. M. (2006). Toward a fully functional, flexible, and defused approach to pain in young people. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 182-184.
- McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2006). A comparison of the relative utility of coping and acceptance-based measures in a sample of chronic pain sufferers. European Journal of Pain, 10(1), 23-29.
- McCracken, L. M., & Yang, S. (2006). The role of values in a contextual cognitive-behavioral approach to chronic pain. Pain, 123, 137-145.
- McCracken, L. M. (2005). Social context and acceptance of chronic pain: The role of solicitous and punishing responses. Pain, 113, 155-159.
- McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2005). A prospective study of acceptance of pain and patient functioning with chronic pain. Pain, 118, 164-169.
- McCracken, L. M. , Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method.Pain, 107, 159-166.
- McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2003). Coping or acceptance: What to do about chronic pain. Pain, 105, 197-204.
- Viane, I., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Poppe, C., Devulder, J., Van Houdenhove, B., & De Corte, W.(2003). Acceptance of pain is an independent predictor of mental well-being in patients with chronic pain: empirical evidence and reappraisal. Pain, 106(1/2), 65-73.
- McCracken, L. M., Spertus, I. L. , Janeck, A. S., Sinclair, D., & Wetzel, F. T. (1999). Behavioral dimensions of adjustment in persons with chronic pain: Pain-related anxiety and acceptance. Pain, 80, 283-289.
- McCracken, L. M. (1999). Behavioral constituents of chronic pain acceptance: Results from factor analysis of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 13, 93-100.
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McCracken, L. M. (1998). Learning to live with the pain: acceptance of pain predicts adjustment in persons with chronic pain. Pain, 74, 21-27.
This study is based on a pain related early version of the AAQ. Greater acceptance of pain was associated with reports of lower pain intensity, less pain-related anxiety and avoidance, less depression, less physical and psychosocial disability, more daily uptime, and better work status. A relatively low correlation between acceptance and pain intensity showed that acceptance is not simply a function of having a low level of pain. Regression analyses showed that acceptance of pain predicted better adjustment on all other measures of patient function, independent of perceived pain intensity. This work is replicated, refined and extended in McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2003). Coping or acceptance: What to do about chronic pain. Pain, 105, 197-204. and McCracken, L. M. , Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107, 159-166.
Epilepsy Research
Epilepsy ResearchOutcome Studies: Epilepsy
- Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., Yardi, N., & Melin, J. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Yoga for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial. Epilepsy and Behavior, 13, 102-108.
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Lundgren, A. T., Dahl, J., Melin, L., & Kies, B. (2006). Evaluation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for drug refractory epilepsy: A randomized controlled trial in South Africa. Epilepsia, 47, 2173-2179.
RCT with 27 drug resistant epileptics comparing 9 hours of ACT – individual and group -- to supportive therapy. Reduction of seizures to near zero level; maintenance for a year. Quality of life improves continuously through the follow up. Mediational analyses fit the ACT model and are described in more detail in Lundgren, T., Dahl, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2008). Evaluation of mediators of change in the treatment of epilepsy with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Journal of Behavior Medicine, 31(3), 225-235.
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Lundgren, A. T. (2004). Development and evaluation of an integrative health model in the treatment of epilepsy: Two randomized controlled trials investigating the effects of a short term ACT intervention, yoga, and attention control therapy in India and South Africa. Unpublished thesis, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden.
Two small RCTs (N = 18; and N = 28) comparing a three session ACT protocol (two individual; one group) to two other conditions. As compared to yoga, significantly reduced seizures in the ACT condition; as compared to attention control, significantly reduced seizures and experiential avoidance, and significantly increased quality of life in the ACT condition at a one year follow up.
Other Health-Related Research
Other Health-Related ResearchOutcome Studies: Diabetes Management
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Gregg, J. A., Callaghan, G. M., Hayes, S. C., & Glenn-Lawson, J. L. (2007). Improving diabetes self-management through acceptance, mindfulness, and values: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 75(2), 336-343.
RCT showing that ACT + patient education is significantly better than patient education alone in producing good self-management and better blood glucose levels in lower SES patients with Type II diabetes. Effects at follow up are mediated by changes in self-management and greater psychological flexibility with regard to diabetes related thoughts and feelings.
Outcome Studies: High-Risk Sexual Behavior
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Metzler, C. W., Biglan, A., Noell, J., Ary, D., & Ochs, L. (2000). A randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to reduce high-risk sexual behavior among adolescents in STD clinics. Behavior Therapy, 31, 27-54.
Components from ACT were included as component of a successful program to reduce high risk sexual behavior in adolescents.
Case Studies: Athletic Performance
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Gardner, F. L. & Moore, Z.E. (2004). A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior Therapy, 35, 707-724.
Case study. An ACT protocol with an emphasis on mindfulness helps with sports outcomes.
Case Studies: Erectile Dysfunction
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Montesinos, F. (2003). ACT, sexual desire orientation and erectile dysfunction. A case study. Analisis y Modificación de Conducta, 29, 291-320.
A successful application of ACT to a 30-year-old male with difficulties in accepting his bisexual orientation and with an erectile dysfunction is presented.
Smoking Research
Smoking ResearchOutcome Studies: Smoking
- Bricker, J. B., Mann, S. L., Marek, P. M., Liu, J. M., Peterson, A. V. (2010). Telephone-delivered acceptance and commitment therapy for adult smoking cessation: A feasibility study. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 12, 454-458.
- Hernandez-Lopez, M., Luciano, M. C, Bricker, J., B., Roales-Nieto, J. G., & Montesinos, F. (2009). Acceptance and commitment therapy for smoking cessation: A preliminary study of its effectiveness in comparison with cognitive behavioral therapy. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 23, 723-730.
- Brown, R. A., Palm, K. M., Strong, D. R., Lejuez, C. W., Kahler, C. W., Zvolensky, M. J., Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., & Gifford, E. V. (2008). Distress tolerance treatment for early-lapse smokers: Rationale, program description, and preliminary findings. Behavior Modification, 32(3), 302-332.
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Rosenqvist, D. & Sand, J. (2006). Mindfulness based smoking cessation for groups - an explorative study. Thesis at the Lund University, Sweden.
6 acceptance and mindfulness group sessions during 35 days including individual homework assignments. 8 of 10 participants completed the program. At 1 mo follow up 50 percent (of 8 completers) were non-smokers, and the rest showed a decrease in smoking at a rate between 45 and 75 percent. Increase of the acceptance aspect of mindfulness was correlated with non-smoking.
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Gifford, E. V., Kohlenberg, B. S., Hayes, S. C., Antonuccio, D. O., Piasecki, M. M.., Rasmussen-Hall, M. L., & Palm, K. M. (2004). Acceptance theory-based treatment for smoking cessation: An initial trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 689-705.
Medium sized randomized controlled trial comparing ACT to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) as a method of smoking cessation. Quit rates were similar at post but at a one-year follow-up the two groups differed significantly. The ACT group had maintained their gains (35% quit rates) while the NRT quit rates had fallen (less than 10%). Mediational analyses shows that ACT works through acceptance and response flexibility.
Stress and Burnout Research
Stress and Burnout ResearchOutcome Studies: Stress and Burnout
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Blackledge, J. T., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the Support of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Autism. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 1-18.
Pre – post study shows that ACT workshop helps parents cope with the stress of raising autistic children.
- Luoma, J. B., Hayes, S. C., Twohig, M. P., Roget, N., Fisher, G., Padilla, M., Bissett, R., & Kohlenberg, B. (2007). Augmenting continuing education with psychologically focused group consultation: Effects on adoption of group drug counseling. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training, 44(4), 463-469.
As small study examining whether a group consultation including elements of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy improved adoption compared to a standard 1-day continuing education workshop on Group Drug Counseling (GDC). The group consultation appeared to result in greater adoption as well as greater sense of personal accomplishment ( a burnout subscale).
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Blackledge, J. T., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Using Acceptance and Commitment Training in the Support of Parents of Children Diagnosed with Autism. Child & Family Behavior Therapy, 28(1), 1-18.
Pre – post study shows that ACT workshop helps parents cope with the stress of raising autistic children.
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Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K. & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-835.
A medium sized randomized controlled trial that found that a one day ACT workshop produces greater decreases in stigmatization of clients by therapists and greater decreases in therapist burnout than an educational control and (or some comparisons) than multicultural training. Mediational analyses fit the model.
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Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-163.
Randomized controlled trial. Shows that ACT is more effective than a previously empirically supported behavioral approach to reducing worksite stress and anxiety, and that both are better than a wait list control.
Correlational Studies: Stress and Burnout
- Bond, F.W., Flaxman, P.E., & Bunce, D. (2008). The influence of psychological flexibility on work redesign: Mediated moderation of a work reorganization intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 645-654.
- Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2006). The Ability of Psychological Flexibility and Job Control to Predict Learning, Job Performance, and Mental Health. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 26, 113-130.
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Donaldson, E. & Bond, F.W. (2004). Psychological acceptance and emotional intelligence in relation to workplace well-being. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 32, 187-203.
Study compared experiential avoidance (as measures by the AAQ) and emotional intelligence in terms of their ability to predict general mental health, physical well-being, and job satisfaction in workers (controlling for the effects of job control since this work organisation variable is consistently associated with occupational health and performance). Results from 290 United Kingdom workers showed that emotional intelligence did not significantly predict any of the well-being outcomes, after accounting for acceptance and job control. Acceptance predicted general mental health and physical well-being but not job satisfaction, Job control was associated with job satisfaction, only. Not controlling one’s thoughts and feelings (as advocated by acceptance) may have greater benefits for mental well-being than attempting consciously to regulate them (as emotional intelligence suggests).
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Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1057-1067.
Shows that AAQ predicts positive work outcomes (mental health, satisfaction, performance) even one year later, especially in combination with job control. Re-factors the AAQ and shows that a two factor solution can work on a slightly different 16 item version.
Weight Maintenance Research
Weight Maintenance ResearchOutcome Studies: Weight Maintenance
- Lillis, J., Hayes, S. C., Bunting, K., & Masuda, A. (2009). Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: A preliminary test of a theoretical model. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 37, 58-69.
Micro/Component Studies: Weight Maintenance Outcome Studies: Weight Maintenance
- Lillis, J. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the treatment of obesity-related stigma and sustained weight loss. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Nevada, Reno.
Micro/Component Studies: Weight Maintenance
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Forman, E.M., Hoffman, K.L., McGrath, K.B., Herbert, J.D., Brandsma, L.L. & Lowe, M.R. (2007). A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2372-2386.
98 participants with chocolate cravings were exposed to a CBT-based protocol and an ACT-based protocol or no instructions and required to carry chocolate with them of for two days. Those more impacted by food related cues ate less and had fewer cravings in the ACT condition.
Measurement Development: Weight Maintenance
- Lillis, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2008). Measuring avoidance and inflexibility in weight related problems. International Journal of Behavior Consultation and Therapy, 4(4), 348-354.
Articles Comparing ACT to CBT
Articles Comparing ACT to CBT
ACT has raised controversy in various wings of CBT, e.g.,
- Arch, J. J. & Craske, M. G. (2008). ACT and CBT for anxiety disorders.Clinical Psychology, Science and Practice, 5, 263-279.
- Hofmann, S. G. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: New Wave or Morita Therapy? Clinical Psychology, Science and Practice, 5, 280-285.
- Hoffman, S. G., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2008). Acceptance and mindfulness-based therapy: New wave or old hat? Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 1-16.
- Öst, L. G. (2008). Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(3), 296-321
- The Three Waves of Behavior Therapy: Course Corrections or Navigation Errors? The Behavior Therapist
The relation of ACT to CBT was discussed in the earliest ACT writings. e.g.,
- Hayes, S. C. (1987). A contextual approach to therapeutic change. In Jacobson, N. (Ed.), Psychotherapists in clinical practice: Cognitive and behavioral perspectives (pp. 327 387). New York: Guilford.
And these more specific criticisms are gradually being answered, e.g.,
- Hayes, S. C. (2008). Climbing our hills: A beginning conversation on the comparison of ACT and traditional CBT. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 286-295.
- Hayes, S. C. (2008). Avoiding the mistakes of the past. The Behavior Therapist. 29, 150-153.
- Hayes, S. C., Levin, M., Plumb, J., Boulanger, J., & Pistorello, J. (2013). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and contextual behavioral science: Examining the progress of a distinctive model of behavioral and cognitive therapy. Behavior Therapy, 44, 180–198. doi: 10.1016/j.beth.2009.08.002 PMCID: PMC3635495
- Atkins, P. W. B., Ciarrochi, J., Gaudiano, B. A., Bricker, J. B., Donald, J., Rovner, G., Smout, M., Livheim, F., Lundgren, T., Hayes, S. C. (2017). Departing from the essential features of a high quality systematic review of psychotherapy: A Response to Öst (2014) and recommendations for improvement. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 97, 259-272. Doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.05.016
In the 1980’s Steve Hayes and colleagues did a series of studies which found that cognitive and social learning methods did not work via processes described by these theories. e.g.,
- Harmon, T. M., Nelson, R. O., & Hayes, S. C. (1980). Self monitoring of mood versus activity by depressed clients. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 30 38.
- Hayes, S. C., Munt, E. D., Korn, Z., Wulfert, E., Rosenfarb, I., & Zettle, R. D. (1986). The effect of feedback and self reinforcement instructions on studying performance. The Psychological Record, 36, 27 37.
- Hayes, S. C., & Nelson, R. O. (1983). Similar reactivity produced by external cues and self monitoring. Behavior Modification, 7, 183 196.
- Hayes, S. C., Rincover, A., & Volosin, D. (1980). Variables influencing the acquisition and maintenance of aggressive behavior: Modeling versus sensory reinforcement. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 89, 245 262.
- Hayes, S. C., Rosenfarb, I., Wulfert, E., Munt, E., Zettle, R. D., & Korn, Z. (1985). Self reinforcement effects: An artifact of social standard setting? Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18, 201 214.
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An experiential approach to behavior change. New York: Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.
- Hayes, S. C., & Wolf, M. R. (1984). Cues, consequences, and therapeutic talk: Effect of social context and coping statements on pain. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 22, 385-392.
- Jarrett, R. B., & Nelson, R. O. (1987). Mechanisms of change in cognitive therapy of depression. Behavior Therapy, 18, 227-241.
- Nelson, R. O., Hayes, S. C., Spong, R. T., Jarrett, R. B., & McKnight, D. L. (1983). Self reinforcement: Appealing misnomer or effective mechanism? Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21, 557 566.
- Rosenfarb, I., & Hayes, S. C. (1984). Social standard setting: The Achilles' heel of informational accounts of therapeutic change. Behavior Therapy, 15, 515-528.
- Rosenfarb, I. S., Hayes, S. C. & Linehan, M. M. (1989). Instructions and experiential feedback in the treatment of social skills deficits in adults.Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, and Practice, 26, 242-251.
- Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive behavior therapy. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73 118). New York: Academic.
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Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1983). Effect of social context on the impact of coping self statements. Psychological Reports, 52, 391 401.
ACT followed a whole set of studies that showed that cognitive methods worked because of contextual factors
There is a growing set of empirical articles comparing ACT with traditional BT and CBT methods. Virtually all have shown differences at the level of process, and some in outcome.
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Lappalainen, R., Lehtonen, T., Skarp, E., Taubert, E., Ojanen, M., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists: A preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification, 31, 488-511.
Randomized controlled study in which 14 student therapists treat one client each from an ACT model or a traditional CBT model for 6-8 sessions following a 2 session functional analysis. Participants with any normal outpatient problem were included, mostly anxiety and depression. At post and at the 6 month follow up ACT clients are more improved on the SCL-90 and several other measures. Greater acceptance for ACT patients; great self-confidence for CBT patients. Both correlated with outcomes, but when partial correlations are calculated, only acceptance still relates to outcome.
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Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31(6), 772-799.
101 heterogeneous outpatients reporting moderate to severe levels of anxiety or depression were randomly assigned either to traditional CT or to ACT. 23 junior therapists were used. Participants receiving CT and ACT evidenced large and equivalent improvements in depression, anxiety, functioning difficulties, quality of life, life satisfaction and clinician-rated functioning. “Observing” and “describing” one’s experiences mediated outcomes for those in the CT group relative to those in the ACT group, whereas “experiential avoidance,” “acting with awareness” and “acceptance” mediated outcomes for those in the ACT group.
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Zettle, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (1986). Dysfunctional control by client verbal behavior: The context of reason giving. The Analysis of Verbal Behavior, 4, 30 38.
Small controlled trial. Shows that ACT is more effective that cognitive therapy for depression when presented in an individual format, and that it works by a different process.
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Zettle, R. D., & Rains, J. C. (1989). Group cognitive and contextual therapies in treatment of depression. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 45, 438 445.
Small controlled trial. Shows that ACT is as effective as cognitive therapy for depression when presented in a group format, and that it works by a different process.
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Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2000). Mediators of change in emotion-focused and problem-focused worksite stress management interventions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 5, 156-163.
Randomized controlled trial. Shows that ACT is more effective than a previously empirically supported behavioral approach to reducing worksite stress and anxiety, and that both are better than a wait list control. Process analyses fit the model.
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Zettle, R. D. (2003). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) versus systematic desensitization in treatment of mathematics anxiety. The Psychological Record, 53, 197-215.
Small randomized controlled trial shows that ACT is as good as systematic desensitization in reducing math anxiety, but works according to a different process. Systematic desensitization reduced trait anxiety more than did ACT. The study has been replicated with interesting results:
Brown, L. A., Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Hoffman, K. L., Yuen, E. K. and Goetter, E. M. (2011). A randomized controlled trial of acceptance-based behavior therapy and cognitive therapy for test anxiety: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 35, 31-53. Very small RCT (N = 16) for test anxiety comparing ACT (with mindfulness elements) and Beck’s CT. Similar outcomes on self-reports but ACT participants did objectively better on test scores in school.
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Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., Cooper, L., & Grundt, A. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record, 49, 33-47.
Analog study. Shows that a 90 minute acceptance intervention drawn from the ACT protocol produces more pain tolerance than a pain control intervention drawn from Turk’s CBT pain management package.
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Forman, E. M., Hoffman, K. L., McGrath, K. B., Herbert, J. D., Brandsma, L. L., & Lowe, M. R. (2007). A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2372-2386.
98 participants with chocolate cravings were exposed to a well known CBT-based protocol (Kelly Brownell’s LEARN program) and an ACT-based protocol or no instructions and required to carry chocolate with them of for two days. Those more impacted by food related cues ate less and had fewer cravings in the ACT condition.
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Masedo, A. I. & Esteve. M. R. (2006). Effects of suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping on pain tolerance, pain intensity and distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 199-209.
A large and well-controlled randomized study that replicated Hayes, Bissett, Korn, Zettle, Rosenfarb, Cooper, & Grundt, 1999. Acceptance methods drawn from the 1999 ACT book and from the Hayes et al. 1999 pain study (the methods used included an acceptance rationale, practicing awareness of experience, the “Passengers on the Bus” exercise, and the ‘Two Scales Metaphor’) increased pain tolerance and decreased pain ratings in a cold pressor task as compared both to suppression methods (based on thought stopping) and to participants preferred method of coping (which tended to include distraction, relaxation, and keeping the hand still). The latter two conditions did not differ from each other in the main analysis.
Wetherell, J. L., Afari, N., Rutledge, T., Sorrell, J. T., Stoddard, J. A., Petkus, A. J., Solomon, B. C., Lehman, D. H., Liu, L., Lang, A. J., Hampton Atkinson, J. (2011). A randomized, controlled trial of acceptance and commitment therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for chronic pain. Pain, 152, 2098-2107. DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2011.05.016 RCT (N=114) comparing ACT and traditional CBT for chronic pain. Good outcomes over 6 months. No differences in outcomes. Treatment completers were more satisfied with ACT.
Thorsell, J., Finnes, A., Dahl, J., Lundgren, T., Gybrant, M., Gordh, T., & Buhrman, M. (2011). A comparative study of 2 manual-based self-help interventions, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Applied Relaxation, for persons with chronic pain. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 27, 716-723. doi: 10.1097/AJP.0b013e318219a933. RCT (N = 90) of ACT versus applied relaxation using a combination of an initial face to face session, a 7 week self-help manual with weekly therapist telephone support, and a concluding face-to-face session. 6 and 12 mo follow up. Better outcomes for ACT in level of function, pain intensity, acceptance, and marginal life satisfaction. Depression and anxiety improved but no diff between conditions.
Rost, A. D., Wilson, K. G., Buchanan, E., Hildebrandt, M.J., & Mutch, D. (in press). Improving psychological adjustment among late-stage ovarian cancer patients: Examining the role of avoidance in treatment. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. RCT (N = 31; 47 originally but the rest died or entered hospice care) comparing ACT and traditional CBT approaches to women coping with end-stage gynecological cancer. Nice outcomes; dominantly in favor of ACT. By the way CBT is labeled "TAU" -- you have to look at the list of procedures to see that it was CBT.
Arch, J., Eifert, G. H., Davies, C., Vilardaga, J. P., Rose, R. D., & Craske, M. G. (in press). Randomized clinical trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) versus acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for mixed anxiety disorders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. RCT (N = 128; 52% female; 33% minority) of 12 sessions of ACT v. tradition CBT for heterogeneous anxiety disorders; both including behavioral exposure. Similar outcomes in several areas through 12 mo F-up but on the primary outcome measure -- blind clinical interviews on the clinical severity of anxiety problems using the ADIS interview -- ACT participants improve more in clinical severity from post to follow up than CBT (it is a very large effect: d = 1.33) and among completers their end-state clinical severity ratings were much better (d = 1.03). Better improvement for ACT in psychological flexibility (medium effect for completers: d = .59) for ACT; better quality of life at follow up (small effect: d = .43) for CBT.
There are also studies showing that ACT methods can empower traditional behavioral methods, e.g.,
- Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.
- Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.
More recently studies have explained the effect of some cognitive variables in ACT terms, e.g.,
- Kashdan, T. B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J. P., & Steger, M. F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behavior Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.
Some of the history of ACT, including its relation to CBT writ large, can be found in:
- Zettle, R. D. (2005). The evolution of a contextual approach to therapy: From Comprehensive Distancing to ACT. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 1(2), 77-89.
Changing Cultural Practices
Changing Cultural PracticesPart of the ACT/ RFT movement is a "grand vision" to affect positive change on the culture more generally. Groups and organizations engage in practices that harm individuals, families, and the environment, yet there is little scientific understanding of how to bring about changes in these practices.
A number of professionals throughout the world are conducting research on such topics as stigma, prejudice, prevention, advertising, child rearing, and environmental preservation among other important issues.
Here is where you will find information on specific applications of ACT to cultural issues with links to relevant researchers and studies.
ACT/ RFT and Prejudice
ACT/ RFT and PrejudiceDespite decades of social concern, racial, ethnic, and religious prejudice persists. Few cultural issues seem more important than figuring out why people hate and how to reduce discriminatory and violent behavior due to prejudice. It seems our survival may depend on our ability as human beings to solve this issue. ACT/ RFT is relevant not just to the needs of the victims of prejudice, discrimination, and terrorism, but also to the understanding and modification of psychological processes that lead to the perpetration of hateful and discriminatory acts.
From an ACT/ RFT perspective, prejudice can be defined as theobjectification and dehumanization of human beings because of their participation in verbal evaluative categories. Prejudice, defined this way, is a kind of verbal entanglement. It is difficult to avoid because some of the same cognitive processes that permit problem-solving also seem to foster prejudice. In addition, may of the things humans do to try and change or eliminate prejudice are either inert or prone to making these processes more resistant to change. Indeed, validated methods for reducing prejudice are very limited.
In this section are links to various ACT and RFT papers related to this topic.
Conceptual papers discussing prejudice/terrorism from an ACT/RFT perspective.
- Dixon, M. R., Dymond, S., Rehfeldt, R. A., Roche, B., & Zlomke, K. R. (2003). Terrorism and relational frame theory. Behavior and Social Issues, 12, 129-147.
- Hayes, S. C., Niccolls, R., Masuda, A., & Rye, A. K. (2002). Prejudice, terrorism, and behavior therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 296-301.
RFT studies related to prejudice and stereotyping
- Kohlenberg, B. K., Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1991). The transfer of contextual control over equivalence classes through equivalence classes: A possible model of social stereotyping. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 56, 505-518.
- Dixon, M. R., Zlomke, K. M., & Rehfeldt, R. A. (2006). Restoring Americans’ Nonequivalent Frames of Terror: An Application of Relational Frame Theory. The Behavior Analyst Today, 7(3), 275-289.
- Weinstein, J. H., Wilson, K. G., Drake, C. E., & Kellum, K. K. (2008). A Relational Frame Theory Contribution to Social Categorization. Behavior and Social Issues, 17, 39-64.
Empirical papers examining the impact of ACT on prejudice and stigma.
- Self related stigma regarding weight: Lillis, J. (2008). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for the treatment of obesity-related stigma and sustained weight loss. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Nevada, Reno.
- Self-stigma in substance abusing populations: Luoma, J.B., Kohlenberg, B.S., Hayes, S.C., Bunting, K. & Rye, A.K. (2008). Reducing self-stigma in substance abuse through acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, manual development, and pilot outcomes. Addiction Research & Theory, 16, 149-165.
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Prejudice towards ethnic minorities: Lillis, J., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). Applying acceptance, mindfulness, and values to the reduction of prejudice: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 389-411.
Undergraduates enrolled in two separate classes on racial differences were exposed Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and an educational lecture drawn from a textbook on the psychology of racial differences in a counterbalanced order. Results indicate that only the ACT intervention was effective in increasing positive behavioral intentions at post and a 1-week follow-up. These changes were associated with other self-reported changes that fit with the ACT model.
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Stigma towards mental health problems: Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Fletcher, L. B., Seignourel, P. J., Bunting, K., Herbst, S. A., Twohig, M. P., & Lillis, J. (2007). The impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy versus education on stigma toward people with psychological disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(11), 2764-2772.
An RCT comparing ACT and education in 95 college students. ACT reduced mental health stigma significantly regardless of participants’ pre-treatment levels of psychological flexibility, but education reduced stigma only among participants who were relatively flexible and non-avoidant to begin with.
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Stigma towards substance abusers in drug counselors: Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R., Roget, N., Padilla, M., Kohlenberg, B. S., Fisher, G., Masuda, A., Pistorello, J., Rye, A. K., Berry, K. & Niccolls, R. (2004). The impact of acceptance and commitment training and multicultural training on the stigmatizing attitudes and professional burnout of substance abuse counselors. Behavior Therapy, 35, 821-835.
A medium sized randomized controlled trial that found that a one day ACT workshop produces greater decreases in stigmatization of clients by therapists and greater decreases in therapist burnout than an educational control and (or some comparisons) than multicultural training. Mediational analyses fit the model.
Empirical Studies
Empirical StudiesThis page was last updated in 2014. For up-to-date information, go to the ACT Randomized Controlled Trials page, the State of the ACT Evidence page, and the Publications section.
The subsections divide the empirical ACT literature into several categories. If you have a study that should be added you can upload the actual publication into the publications section (login to your member account then go here to add a publication to the site).
You can't add the reference to the publication here directly, you have to email that information to the site editor and we will add it ... but if the publication itself is already uploaded we can link the reference here to that file so that people can find it and download it.
You can find outcome studies (Randomized Controlled Trials, RCTs) here.
Case Studies
Case Studies
Case Studies by Year (Controlled Time Series Studies are covered in the RCT page)
In Press
- Twohig, M. P. & Whittal, M. L. (In Press). A Case of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
- Twohig, M. P. (In Press). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Treatment-Resistant Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study.Cognitive and Behavioral Practice.
2008
- Veiga-Martínez, C., Pérez-Álvarez, M. & García-Montes, J.M. (2008). Acceptance and commitment therapy applied to treatment of auditory hallucinations. Clinical Case Studies, (2), 118-135.
2007
- Kleen, M., & Jaspers, J. P. C. (2007). Women should not be allowed to run. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) with a pain disorder. Translated from: Vrouwen horen niet hard te lopen. Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) bij een pijnstoornis. Gedragstherapie, 40, 7-26.
2006
- García-Montes, J.M., Pérez-Álvarez, M. & Cangas-Díaz, A. (2006). Aproximación al abordaje clínico de los síntomas psicóticos desde la Aceptación. = Approaching clinical intervention for psychotic symptoms from an acceptance perspective . Apuntes de Psicología, 24(1-3), 293-307.
- Ruiz-Jiménez, F. J. (2006). Aplicación de la Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) Para el Incremento del Rendimiento Ajedrecí¬stico. Un Estudio de Caso [Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to Improve Chess-players Performance. A Case Study.International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 6, 77-97.
2005
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Batten, S. V., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the Treatment of Comorbid Substance Abuse and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Case Study. Clinical Case Studies, 4(3), 246-262.
Case study. Shows improvement with a dually diagnosed patient.
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Olivencia, J. J., & Díaz, A. J. C. (2005). Tratamiento psicológico del trastorno esquizotípico de la personalidad. Un estudio de caso. (Psychological treatment of schizotypal personality disorder. A case study). Psicothema, 17, 412-417.
A case study that examines a combination of ACT and FAP in the successful treatment of a case of Schizotypal Personality Disorder.
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Orsillo SM, Batten SV. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Modification, 29, 95-129.
Discussion article and case study showing how to apply ACT to the treatment of PTSD.
- Wicksell, R. K., Dahl, J., Magnusson, B., & Olsson, G. L. (2005). Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the rehabilitation of an adolescent female with chronic pain: A case example. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 12, 415-423. Shows dramatic improvement with a 14 year old chronic pain patient using a values focused ACT protocol.
2004
- García Montes, J. M., Luciano Soriano, C. M., Hernández López, M., & Zaldívar Basurto, F. (2004). Aplicación de la terapia de aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) a sintomatología delirante: un estudio de caso. [Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in delusional symptomathology: a case study]. Psicothema, 6(1), 117-124.
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Gardner, F. L. & Moore, Z.E. (2004). A mindfulness-acceptance-commitment based approach to athletic performance enhancement: Theoretical considerations. Behavior Therapy, 35, 707-724.
Case study. An ACT protocol with an emphasis on mindfulness helps with sports outcomes.
2003
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Heffner, M., Eifert, G. H., Parker, B. T., Hernandez, D. H. and Sperry, J. A. (2003). Valued directions: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of alcohol dependence. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 10, 378-38.
This case study describes a heavily values focused ACT treatment of a case of alcohol dependence within an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model. Identifying valued directions seemed to help the client achieve sobriety and put a plan into action to "start living."
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Montesinos, F. (2003). ACT, sexual desire orientation and erectile dysfunction. A case study. Analisis y Modificación de Conducta, 29, 291-320.
A successful application of ACT to a 30-year-old male with difficulties in accepting his bisexual orientation and with an erectile dysfunction is presented.
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Pankey, J. & Hayes, S. C. (2003). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychosis. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3, 311-328.
Case study with a retarded psychotic person experiencing command hallucinations and multiple delusions. Believability drops dramatically over treatment but not frequency. Good functional improvement.
2002
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Heffner, M., Sperry, J., Eifert, G. H. & Detweiler, M. (2002). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of an adolescent female with anorexia nervosa: A case example. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 232-236.
Describes the use of ACT in anorexia and shows resulting data. Case study. The case study is followed by discussion articles:
- Wilson, K. G. & Roberts, M. (2002). Core principles in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: An application to anorexia. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 237-243.
- Hayes, S. C. & Pankey, J. (2002). Experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, and an ACT approach to anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 243-247.
- Orsillo, S. M. & Batten, S. J. (2002). ACT as treatment of a disorder of excessive control: Anorexia. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 253-259.
- There is also a cognitive paper that is nominally a response to the case, but it mentions ACT only in passing, focusing instead on the traditional CBT model.
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López, S. & Arco, J.L. (2002). ACT como alternativa terapéutica a pacientes que no responden a tratamientos tradicionales: un estudio de caso [ACT as an alternative for patients that do not respond to traditional treatments: A case study]. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 120, 585-616.
Presents data on ACT with a patient who failed a course of cognitive therapy.
2001
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García, J.M. & Pérez, M. (2001). ACT as a treatment for psychotic symptoms. The case of auditory hallucinations. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 455-472.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of psychotic disorders and shows resulting data. Case study.
- Luciano, C. (2001). On the Experiential Avoidance Disorder and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 317-332. A case study on ACT.
- Luciano, C. (2001) (Ed.), Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso (ACT) y el Traastorno de Evitación Experiencial. Un síntesis de casos clínicos. (Ed.) Valencia: Promolibro.
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Luciano, C. & Cabello, F. (2001). Bereavement and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 399-424.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of complicated bereavement and shows resulting data. Case study.
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Luciano, C., Gómez, S., Hernández, M., & Cabello, F. (2001). Alcoholism, Experiential Avoidance, and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 333-372.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of alcoholism and shows resulting data. Case study.
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Luciano, C., & Gutierrez, O. (2001). Anxiety and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 373-398.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of anxiety problems and shows resulting data. Case study.
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Luciano, C., Visdómine, J.C., Gutiérrez, O., & Montesinos, F. (2001). ACT (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy) and chronic pain. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 473-502.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of chronic pain and shows resulting data. Case study.
- Montesinos, F., Hernández, B., & Luciano, C. (2001). Application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in cancer patients. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 503-524.
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Zaldívar, F. & Hernández, M. (2001). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Application to an experiential avoidance with agoraphobic form. Análisis y Modificación de Conducta, 27, 113, 425-454.
Describes the use of ACT in the treatment of agoraphobia and shows resulting data. Case study.
2000
- Carrascoso López, F. J. (2000). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia: A Case Study. Psychology in Spain, 4(1), 120-128.
- Garcia, R. F. (2000). Application of acceptance and commitment therapy in an example of experiential avoidance. Psicothema, 12, 445-450.
1999 and Earlier (First ACT Book Appears in 1999)
- Paul, R. H., Marx, B. P. & Orsillo, S. M. (1999). Acceptance-based psychotherapy in the treatment of an adjudicated exhibitionist: A case example. Behavior Therapy, 30, 149-162.
- Huerta, F.R., Gomez, S., Molina, A.M. & Luciano, C. (1998). Generalized anxiety: A case study. Analisis y Modificacion de Conducta, 24, 751-766.
- Dougher, M. J. & Hackbert, L. (1994). A behavior-analytic account of depression and a case report using acceptance-based procedures.The Behavior Analyst, 17, 321-334.
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Biglan, A. (1989). A contextual approach to the clinical treatment of parental distress. In G. H. S. Singer & L. K. Irvin (Eds.), Support for caregiving families: Enabling positive adaptation to disability (pp. 299-311). Baltimore, MD: Brookes.
Uncontrolled. Presents case data on the use of ACT components with families.
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Hayes, S. C. (1987). A contextual approach to therapeutic change. In N. Jacobson (Ed.), Psychotherapists in clinical practice: Cognitive and behavioral perspectives (pp. 327-387). New York: Guilford Press.
Shows a series of uncontrolled case evaluations on ACT with anxiety problems.
Correlational studies
Correlational studiesCorrelational studies on ACT-Related Processes by Year
See also the experimental psychopathology page
In Press
- Cheron, D.M., Ehrenreich, J.T. & Pincus, D.B. (In Press 2009). Assessment of parental experiential avoidance in a clinical sample of children with anxiety disorders. Child Psychiatry and Human Development.
- Kashdan, T.B., Morina, N., & Priebe, S. (In Press 2009). Post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and depression in survivors of the Kosovo War: Experiential avoidance as a contributor to distress and quality of life. Journal of Anxiety Disorders.
- Kelly, M. M. & Forsyth, J. P. (In Press 2009). Associations between emotional avoidance, anxiety sensitivity, and reactions to an observational fear challenge procedure. Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Kollman, D. M., Brown, T. A. & Barlow, D. H. (In Press 2009). The construct validity of acceptance: A multitrait-multimethod investigation. Behavior Therapy.
- Merwin, R.M., Rosenthal, M.Z. & Coffey, K.A. (In Press 2009). Experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between sexual victimization and psychological symptoms: Replicating findings with an ethnically diverse sample. Cognitive Therapy and Research
- Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., McLeod, C., & Eccleston, C. (In Press 2008). The Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire: Confirmatory factor analysis and identification of patient subgroups. Pain.
- Westin, V., Hayes, S. C., & Andersson, G. (In Press 2008). Is it the sound or your relationship to it? The role of acceptance in predicting tinnitus impact. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
2009
- Abramowitz, J.S., Lackey, G.R. & Wheaton, M.G. (2009). Obsessive–compulsive symptoms: The contribution of obsessional beliefs and experiential avoidance. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 160–166.
- Gold, S.D., Dickstein, B.D., Marx, B.P. & Lexington, J.M. (2009). Psychological outcomes among lesbian sexual assault survivors: An examination of the roles of internalized homophobia and experiential avoidance. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33, 54–66.
- Mitmansgruber, H., Beck, T. N., & Schüßler, G. (2009). "Mindful helpers": Experiential avoidance, meta-emotions, and emotion regulation in paramedics. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1358-1363.
2008
- Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Lykins, E., Button, D., Krietemeyer, J., Sauer, S., et al. (2008). Construct validity of the five facet mindfulness questionnaire in meditating and nonmeditating samples. Assessment, 15, 329-342.
- Boelen, P.A. & Reijntjes, A. (2008). Measuring experiential avoidance: Reliability and validity of the Dutch 9-item acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ). Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 30, 241-251.
- Bond, F.W., Flaxman, P.E., & Bunce, D. (2008). The influence of psychological flexibility on work redesign: Mediated moderation of a work reorganization intervention. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93, 645-654.
- Farach, F. J., Mennin, D. S., Smith, R. L. & Mandelbaum, M. (2008). The impact of pretrauma analogue GAD and posttraumatic emotional reactivity following exposure to the september 11 terrorist attacks: A longitudinal study. Behavior Therapy, 39, 262–276.
- Gratz, K.L., Tull, M.T. & Gunderson, J.G. (2008). Preliminary data on the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and borderline personality disorder: The role of experiential avoidance. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 42(7), 550-559.
- Greco, L. A., Lambert, W., & Baer, R. A. (2008). Psychological inflexibility in childhood and adolescence: Development and evaluation of the Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire for Youth. Psychological Assessment. 20(2), 93-102.
- Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E. (2008). Social anxiety and positive emotions: A prospective examination of a self-regulatory model with tendencies to suppress or express emotions as a moderating variable. Behavior Therapy, 39, 1-12.
- Leonard, L. M., Iverson, K. M. & Follette, V. M. (2008). Sexual functioning and sexual satisfaction among women who report a history of childhood and/or adolescent sexual abuse. Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy, 34, 375-384.
- McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2008). A prospective analysis of acceptance and values in patients with chronic pain. Health Psychology, 27, 215-220.
- McCracken, L. M. & Yang, S. (2008). A Contextual Cognitive-Behavioral Analysis of Rehabilitation Workers’ Health and Well-Being: Influences of Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Values-Based Action. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(4), 479-485.
- Ning, M. C., Ming, T. W. C., Mae, J. Y C., & Ping, C. P. (2008). Validation of the chronic pain acceptance questionnaire (CPAQ) in cantonese-speaking chinese patients. The Journal of Pain, 9(9), 823-832.
- Ostafin, B. D. & Marlatt, G. A. (2008). Surfing the urge: Experiential acceptance moderates the relation between automatic alcohol motivation and hazardous drinking. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 27(4), 404-418.
- Tull, M.T. & Gratz, K.L. (2008). Further examination of the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and depression: The mediating role of experiential avoidance and difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior when distressed. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(2), 199-210.
- Tull, M.T., Rodman, S.A. & Roemer, L. (2008). An examination of the fear of bodily sensations and body hypervigilance as predictors of emotion regulation difficulties among individuals with a recent history of uncued panic attacks. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(4), 750-760.
- Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2008). Patient functioning and catastrophizing in chronic pain: The mediating effects of acceptance. Health Psychology, 27, S136-S143.
- Wicksell, R. K., Renofalt, J., Olsson, G. L., Bond, F. W., & Melin, L. (2008). Avoidance and cognitive fusion - Central components in pain related disability? Development and preliminary validation of the Psychological Inflexibility in Pain Scale (PIPS). European Journal of Pain, 12, 491-500.
2007
- Andrew, D.H. & Dulin, P.L. (2007). The relationship between self-reported health and mental health problems among older adults in New Zealand: Experiential avoidance as a moderator. Aging and mental health, 11(5), 596-603.
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Butler, J., & Ciarrochi, J. (2007). Psychological Acceptance and Quality of Life in the Elderly. Quality of Life Research, 16, 607-615.
In a sample of 187 elderly those higher in psychological acceptance had higher quality of life in the areas of health, safety, community participation and emotional well-being; and had less adverse psychological reactions to decreasing productivity.
- Chapman, A. L. & Cellucci, T. (2007). The role of antisocial and borderline personality features in substance dependence among incarcerated females. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 1131-1145.
- Esteve, R., Ramirez-Maestre, C., & Lopez-Martinez, A. E. (2007). Adjustment to chronic pain: The role of pain acceptance, coping strategies, and pain-related cognitions. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(2), 179-188.
- Gold, S.D., Marx, B.P. & Lexington, J.M. (2007). Gay male sexual assault survivors: The relations among internalized homophobia, experiential avoidance, and psychological symptom severity. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(3), 549-562.
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Kashdan, T. B., & Breen, W. E. (2007). Materialism and diminished well-being: Experiential avoidance as a mediating mechanism. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 26, 521-539.
This correlational study examined the hypothesis that experiential avoidance mediates associations between excessively materialistic values and diminished emotional well-being, meaning in life, self-determination, and gratitude. Results indicated that people with high materialistic values reported more negative emotions and less relatedness, autonomy, competence, gratitude, positive emotions, and sense of meaning – all of these relations were mediated by experiential avoidance mediated all of these relations. Emotional disturbances such as social anxiety and depressive symptoms failed to account for these findings after accounting for shared variance with experiential avoidance.
- Kratz, A. L., Davis, M. C., & Zautra, A. J. (2007). Pain acceptance moderates the relation Between pain and negative affect in female osteoarthritis and fibromyalgia patients. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 33(3), 291–301.
- McCracken, L. M., Gauntlett-Gilbert, J., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). The role of mindfulness in a contextual cognitive-behavioral analysis of chronic pain-related suffering and disability. Pain, 131, 63-69.
- McCracken, L. M., & Vowles, K. E. (2007). Psychological flexibility and traditional pain management strategies in relation to patient functioning with chronic pain: An examination of a revised instrument. Journal of Pain, 8, 339-349.
- McCracken, L. M., Vowles, K. E., & Gauntlett-Gilbert, J. (2007). A prospective investigation of acceptance and control-oriented coping with chronic pain. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 30, 339-349.
- Morina, N. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in psychological functioning after war-related stress in Kosovar civilians. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 195(8), 697-700.
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Norberg, M. M., Wetterneck, C. T., Woods, D. W., & Conelea, C. A. (2007). Examination of the mediating role of psychological acceptance in relationships between cognitions and severity of chronic hairpulling. Behavior Modification, 31, 367 – 381.
Correlational study with 730+ folks suffering from trichotillomania. Experiential avoidance as measured by the AAQ fully mediated the rela¬tionship between hair-pulling and both fears of negative evaluation and feelings of shame and partially mediated the relationship between hair-pulling severity and dysfunctional beliefs about appearance.
- Santanello, A.W. & Gardner, F.L. (2007). The role of experiential avoidance in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and worry. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 31(3), 319-332.
- Shawyer, F., Ratcliff, K., Mackinnon, A., Farhall, J., Hayes, S. C., & Copolov, D. (2007). The voices acceptance and action scale (VAAS): Pilot data. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(6), 593–606.
- Spira, A.P., Beaudreau, S.A., Jimenez, D., Kierod, K., Cusing, M.M., Gray, H.L. & Gallagher-Thompson, D. (2007). Experiential avoidance, acceptance, and depression in dementia family caregivers. Clinical Gerontologist, 30(4), 55-64.
- Tull, M.T., Jakupcak, M. & Paulson, A. (2007). The role of emotional inexpressivity and experiential avoidance in the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and aggressive behavior among men exposed to interpersonal violence. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 20(4), 337-351.
- Tull, M. T., & Roemer, L. (2007). Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: Evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behavior Therapy, 38(4), 378-391.
- Vowles, K. E., McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2007). Processes of behavior change in interdisciplinary treatment of chronic pain: Contributions of pain intensity, catastrophizing, and acceptance. European Journal of Pain, 11, 779-787.
2006
- Bond, F. W., & Flaxman, P. E. (2006). The Ability of Psychological Flexibility and Job Control to Predict Learning, Job Performance, and Mental Health. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management, 26, 113-130.
- Cribb, G., Moulds, M.L. & Carter, S. (2006). Rumination and Experiential Avoidance in Depression. Behaviour Change, 23(3), 165-176.
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Flessner, D. A., & Woods, D. W. (2006). Phenomenological characteristics, social problems, and the economic impact associated with chronic skin picking. Behavior Modification, 30, 944-963.
Found that the impact of skin picking on depression and anxiety was partially mediated by the AAQ in a non-referred sample of chronic skin pickers.
- Gaudiano, B. A., & Herbert, J. D. (2006). Believability of hallucinations as a potential mediator of their frequency and associated distress in psychotic inpatients. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 34, 497–502.
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Kashdan, T.B., Barrios, V., Forsyth, J.P., & Steger, M.F. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a generalized psychological vulnerability: Comparisons with coping and emotion regulation strategies. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1301-1320.
two studies, one correlational and one longitudinal, show that experiential avoidance as measured by the AAQ fully or partially mediated the relationships between coping and emotion regulation strategies on anxiety-related pathology, (Sutdy 1) and psychological distress and hedonic functioning over the course of a 21-day monitoring period (Study 2). The variables examined included maladaptive coping, emotional responses styles, and uncontrollability on anxiety-related distress (e.g., anxiety sensitivity, trait anxiety, suffocation fears, and body sensation fears), and suppression and cognitive reappraisal on daily negative and positive experiences. The data showed that cognitive reappraisal, a primary process of traditional cognitive-behavior therapy, was much less predictive of the quality of psychological experiences and events in everyday life compared with EA.
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Kashdan, T. B., & Steger, M. (2006). Expanding the topography of social anxiety: An experience sampling assessment of positive emotions and events, and emotion suppression. Psychological Science, 17, 120-128.
In a 21-day experience sampling study, dispositional social anxiety, emotional suppression, and cognitive reappraisal was compared daily measures of social anxiety. Socially anxious individuals reported the lowest rate of positive events on days when they were more socially anxious and tended to suppress emotions, and the highest rate of positive events on days when they were less socially anxious and more accepting of emotional experiences. Irrespective of dispositional social anxiety, participants reported the most intense positive emotions on days when they were less socially anxious and more accepting of emotional experiences.
- McCracken, L. M. (2006). Toward a fully functional, flexible, and defused approach to pain in young people. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 182-184.
- McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2006). A comparison of the relative utility of coping and acceptance-based measures in a sample of chronic pain sufferers. European Journal of Pain, 10(1), 23-29.
- McCracken, L. M., & Yang, S. (2006). The role of values in a contextual cognitive-behavioral approach to chronic pain. Pain, 123, 137-145.
- Nicholas, M. K. & Asghari, A. (2006). Investigating acceptance in adjustment to chronic pain: Is acceptance broader than we thought? Pain, 124, 269-279.
- Reddy, M.K., Pickett, S.M. & Orcutt, H.K. (2006). Experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between childhood psychological abuse and current mental health symptoms in college students. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(1), 67-85.
- Rosenthal, Z.M., Polusny, M.A. & Follette, V.M. (2006). Avoidance mediates the relationship between perceived criticism in the family of origin and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 6(1), 87-102.
- Tull, M.T., Gratz, K.L., & Lacroce, D.M. (2006). The role of anxiety sensitivity and lack of emotional approach coping in depressive symptom severity among a non-clinical sample of uncued panickers. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 35(2), 74-87.
- Zvolensky, M. J., Solomon, S. E., McLeish, A. C., Cassidy, D., Bernstein, A., Bowman, C. J., et al. (2006). Incremental validity of mindfulness-based attention in relation to the concurrent prediction of anxiety and depressive symptomatology and perceptions of health. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 35(3), 148–158.
2005
- Chapman, A. L., Specht, M. W., & Cellucci, T. (2005). Borderline personality disorder and selfharm: Does experiential avoidance play a role? Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 35, 388–399.
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Greco, L. A., Heffner, M., Ritchie, S., Polak, M., Poe, S., & Lynch, S. K., (2005). Maternal adjustment following preterm birth: Contributions of experiential avoidance. Behavior Therapy, 36, 177-184.
Experiential avoidance as measured by the AAQ correlated positively with post-discharge parental stress and traumatic stress symptoms surrounding preterm birth. Moreover, it partially mediated the association between stress during delivery and later traumatic stress symptoms. This process was not moderated by parent reports of child temperament or perceived social support, suggesting that experiential avoidance plays a mediating role irrespective of child characteristics or perceived support from family members and close friends.
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Marx, B.P. & Sloan, D.M. (2005). Experiential avoidance, peritraumatic dissociation, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 569-583.
185 trauma survivors were assessed for peritraumatic dissociation, experiential avoidance (using the AAQ), and PTSD symptom severity. Both peritraumatic dissociation and experiential avoidance were significantly related to PTSD symptoms at baseline. After the initial levels of PTSD was taken into account, only experiential avoidance was related to PTSD symptoms both 4- and 8-weeks later.
- McCracken, L. M. (2005). Social context and acceptance of chronic pain: The role of solicitous and punishing responses. Pain, 113, 155-159.
- McCracken, L. M., & Eccleston, C. (2005). A prospective study of acceptance of pain and patient functioning with chronic pain. Pain, 118, 164-169.
- Orcutt, H. K., Pickett, S., & Pope, E. (2005). Experiential avoidance and forgiveness as mediators in the relation between traumatic life events and PTSD symptoms. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 24, 1003–1029.
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Roemer, L., Salters, K., Raffa, S. D., & Orsillo, S. M. (2005). Fear and avoidance of internal experiences in GAD: Preliminary tests of a conceptual model. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 29, 71-88.
Correlational study. Shows that the AAQ is associated with GAD symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical populations.
- Rosenthal, Z.M., Hall, M.L.R., Palm, K.M., Batten, S.V. & Follette, V.M. (2005). Chronic avoidance helps explain the relationship between severity of childhood sexual abuse and psychological distress in adulthood. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 14(4), 25-41.
2004
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Begotka, A. M., Woods, D. W., & Wetterneck, C. T. (2004). The relationship between experiential avoidance and the severity of trichotillomania in a nonreferred sample. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 17-24.
In a large sample of adults suffering from trichotillomania, experiential avoidance as measured by the 9 item AAQ correlated with more frequent and intense urges to pull, less ability to control urges, and more pulling-related distress than persons who were not experientially avoidant. Actual pulling did not differ.
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Donaldson, E. & Bond, F.W. (2004). Psychological acceptance and emotional intelligence in relation to workplace well-being. British Journal of Guidance and Counselling, 32, 187-203.
Study compared experiential avoidance (as measures by the AAQ) and emotional intelligence in terms of their ability to predict general mental health, physical well-being, and job satisfaction in workers (controlling for the effects of job control since this work organisation variable is consistently associated with occupational health and performance). Results from 290 United Kingdom workers showed that emotional intelligence did not significantly predict any of the well-being outcomes, after accounting for acceptance and job control. Acceptance predicted general mental health and physical well-being but not job satisfaction, Job control was associated with job satisfaction, only. Not controlling one’s thoughts and feelings (as advocated by acceptance) may have greater benefits for mental well-being than attempting consciously to regulate them (as emotional intelligence suggests).
- Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., Wilson, K. G., Bissett, R. T., Pistorello, J., Toarmino, D., Polusny, M., A., Dykstra, T. A., Batten, S. V., Bergan, J., Stewart, S. H., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., Bond, F. W., Forsyth J. P., Karekla, M., & McCurry, S. M. (2004). Measuring experiential avoidance: A preliminary test of a working model. The Psychological Record, 54, 553-578.
The AAQ validation study. Over 2000 subjects. Validates both a 9 and 16 item version, both single factor.
- Mairal, J. B. (2004). Spanish Adaptation of the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ). International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 505-515.
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McCracken, L. M. , Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107, 159-166.
See McCracken 1998
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Plumb, J. C., Orsillo, S. M., & Luterek, J. A. (2004). A preliminary test of the role of experiential avoidance in post-event functioning. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 35, 245-257.
Correlational study. Showed that experiential avoidance was correlated with post-traumatic symptomatology over and above other measures of psychological functioning.
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Tull, M. T., Gratz, K. L., Salters, K., & Roemer, L. (2004). The role of experiential avoidance in posttraumatic stress symptoms and symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization. Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease, 192(11), 754-761.
Correlational study. Among a sample of individuals exposed to multiple potentially traumatic events, general experiential avoidance (but not thought suppression in particular), predicted symptoms of depression, anxiety, and somatization when controlling for posttraumatic stress symptom severity. Thought suppression (but not experiential avoidance) was associated with severity of posttraumatic stress symptoms when controlling for their shared relationship with general psychiatric symptom severity.
2003
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Bond, F. W. & Bunce, D. (2003). The role of acceptance and job control in mental health, job satisfaction, and work performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88, 1057-1067.
Shows that AAQ predicts positive work outcomes (mental health, satisfaction, performance) even one year later, especially in combination with job control. Re-factors the AAQ and shows that a two factor solution can work on a slightly different 16 item version.
- Forsyth, J. P., Parker, J. D., & Finlay, C. G. (2003). Anxiety sensitivity, controllability, and experiential avoidance and their relation to drug of choice and addiction severity in a residential sample of substance-abusing veterans. Addictive Behaviors, 28(5), 851-870.
- McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2003). Coping or acceptance: What to do about chronic pain. Pain, 105, 197-204.
- Tull, M.T., & Roemer, L. (2003). Alternative explanations for emotional numbing of posttraumatic stress disorder: An examination of hyperarousal and experiential avoidance. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 25, 147-154.
- Viane, I., Crombez, G., Eccleston, C., Poppe, C., Devulder, J., Van Houdenhove, B., & De Corte, W.(2003). Acceptance of pain is an independent predictor of mental well-being in patients with chronic pain: empirical evidence and reappraisal. Pain, 106(1/2), 65-73.
2002
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Marx, B. P. & Sloan, D. M. (2002). The role of emotion in the psychological functioning of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse. Behavior Therapy, 33, 563-577.
Correlational study showing that childhood sexual abuse (CSA), experiential avoidance and emotional expressivity were significantly related to psychological distress. However, only experiential avoidance mediated the relationship between CSA and current distress.
- Stewart, S. H., Zvolensky, M. J., & Eifert, G. H. (2002). The relations of anxiety sensitivity, experiential avoidance, and alexithymic coping to young adults’ motivations for drinking. Behavior Modification, 26, 274–296.
- Zvolensky, M. J., & Forsyth, J. P. (2002). Anxiety sensitivity dimensions in the prediction of body vigilance and emotional avoidance. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 26, 449-460.
2001
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Batten, S. V., Follette, V.M., & Aban, I (2001). Experiential Avoidance and high risk sexual behavior in survivors of child sexual abuse. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 10(2), 101-120.
This is a correlational study (N = 283) showing that generalized experiential avoidance accounted for 67% of the variance in distress in a sexually abused population.
- Boeshen, L. E., Koss, M. P., Figueredo, A. J., & Coan, J. A. (2001). Experiential avoidance and post-traumatic stress disorder: A cognitive mediational model of rape recovery. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 4, 211–245.
1999 and earlier
- McCracken, L. M., Spertus, I. L. , Janeck, A. S., Sinclair, D., & Wetzel, F. T. (1999). Behavioral dimensions of adjustment in persons with chronic pain: Pain-related anxiety and acceptance. Pain, 80, 283-289.
- McCracken, L. M. (1999). Behavioral constituents of chronic pain acceptance: Results from factor analysis of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire. Journal of Back & Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 13, 93-100.
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McCracken, L. M. (1998). Learning to live with the pain: acceptance of pain predicts adjustment in persons with chronic pain. Pain, 74, 21-27.
This study is based on a pain related early version of the AAQ. Greater acceptance of pain was associated with reports of lower pain intensity, less pain-related anxiety and avoidance, less depression, less physical and psychosocial disability, more daily uptime, and better work status. A relatively low correlation between acceptance and pain intensity showed that acceptance is not simply a function of having a low level of pain. Regression analyses showed that acceptance of pain predicted better adjustment on all other measures of patient function, independent of perceived pain intensity. This work is replicated, refined and extended in McCracken, L. M. & Eccleston, C. (2003). Coping or acceptance: What to do about chronic pain. Pain, 105, 197-204. and McCracken, L. M. , Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2004). Acceptance of chronic pain: Component analysis and a revised assessment method. Pain, 107, 159-166.
- Batten, S. V., Follette, V. M., & Hayes, S. C. (1997). Experiential avoidance as a model for understanding psychological correlates of HIV and AIDS: Review, theory, and treatment implications. The Behavior Therapist, 20, 99-103.
- Wulfert, E., Greenway, D. E., Farkas, P., Hayes, S. C., & Dougher, M. J. (1994). Correlation between a personality test for rigidity and rule-governed insensitivity to operant contingencies. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 27, 659-671.
Effectiveness Articles
Effectiveness Articles- Vowles, K. E., & McCracken, L. M. (2008). Acceptance and values-based action in chronic pain: A study of effectiveness and treatment process. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 397-407.
Participants included 171 completers of an interdisciplinary treatment program, 66.7% of whom completed a 3-month follow-up assessment as well. Results indicated significant improvements for pain, depression, pain-related anxiety, disability, medical visits, work status, and physical performance. Effect size statistics were uniformly medium or larger. According to reliable change analyses, 75.4% of patients demonstrated improvement in at least one key domain. Both acceptance of pain and values-based action improved, and increases in these processes were associated with improvements in the primary outcome domains.
- Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D. & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Cognitive Therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31(6), 1-28.
101 heterogeneous outpatients reporting moderate to severe levels of anxiety or depression were randomly assigned either to traditional CT or to ACT. 23 junior therapists were used. Participants receiving CT and ACT evidenced large and equivalent improvements in depression, anxiety, functioning difficulties, quality of life, life satisfaction and clinician-rated functioning. “Observing” and “describing” one’s experiences mediated outcomes for those in the CT group relative to those in the ACT group, whereas “experiential avoidance,” “acting with awareness” and “acceptance” mediated outcomes for those in the ACT group.
- Lappalainen, R., Lehtonen, T., Skarp, E., Taubert, E., Ojanen, M., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). The impact of CBT and ACT models using psychology trainee therapists: A preliminary controlled effectiveness trial. Behavior Modification, 31(4), 488-511.
Randomized controlled study in which 14 student therapists treat one client each from an ACT model or a traditional CBT model for 6-8 sessions following a 2 session functional analysis. Participants with any normal outpatient problem were included. At post and at the 6 month follow up ACT clients are more improved on the SCL-90 and several other measures. Greater acceptance for ACT patients; great self-confidence for CBT patients. Both correlated with outcomes, but when partial correlations are calculated, only acceptance still relates to outcome.
- McCracken, L. M., Vowles, K. E., & Eccleston, C. (2005). Acceptance-based treatment for persons with complex, long standing chronic pain: A preliminary analysis of treatment outcome in comparison to a waiting phase. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 1335-1346.
108 chronic pain patients with a long history of treatment are followed through an ACT-based 3-4 week residential treatment program. Measures improved from initial assessment to pre-treatment on average only 3% (average of 3.9 month wait), but improved on average 34% following treatment. 81% of these gains were retained through a 3 month follow up. Changes in acceptance predicted positive changes in depression, pain related anxiety, physical disability, psychosocial disability, and the ability to stand. Positive outcomes were also seen in a timed walk, decreased medical visits, daily rest due to pain, pain intensity, and decreased pain medication use.
- Strosahl, K. D., Hayes, S. C., Bergan, J., & Romano, P. (1998). Does field based training in behavior therapy improve clinical effectiveness? Evidence from the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy training project. Behavior Therapy, 29, 35-64.
Controlled effectiveness trial. Not randomized. Shows that training in ACT produces generally more effective clinicians, as measured by client outcomes.
Experimental Psychopathology and Component Studies
Experimental Psychopathology and Component StudiesExperimental Psychopathology and Component Studies by Year
Below is a list of experimental psychopathology and analogue studies testing components of ACT.
2009
- Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Twohig, M. P., Drossel, C., Lillis, J. & Washio, Y. (2009). A parametric study of cognitive defusion and the believability and discomfort of negative self-relevant thoughts.Behavior Modification.
2008
- Liverant, G. I., Brown, T. A., Barlow, D.H., & Roemer, L. (2008). Emotion regulation in unipolar depression: The effects of acceptance and suppression of subjective emotional experience on the intensity and duration of sadness and negative affect. Behaviour Research and Therapy.
- Crocker, J., Niiya, Y., & Mischkowski, D. (2008). Why does writing about important values reduce defensiveness? Self-affirmation and the role of positive other-directed feelings. Psychological Science, 19, 740-747.
- Degen, L.M. (2008). Acceptance-based emotion regulation, perceptions of control, state mindfulness, anxiety sensitivity, and experiential avoidance: Predicting response to hyperventilation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. American University.
- Healy, H. A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Keogh, C., Luciano, C. & Wilson, K. (2008). An experimental test of a cognitive defusion exercise: Coping with negative and positive self-statements.The Psychological Record, 58, 623-640.
- Hutcherson, C. A., Seppala, E. M. & Gross, J. J. (2008). Loving-kindness meditation increases social connectedness. Emotion, 8, 720-724.
- Low, C.A., Stanton, A.L. & Bower, J.E. (2008). Effects of acceptance-oriented versus evaluative emotional processing on heart rate recovery and habituation. Emotion, 8(3), 419–424.
- McMullen, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Stewart, I., Luciano, C. & Cochrane, A. (2008). Acceptance versus distraction: Brief instructions, metaphors, and exercises in increasing tolerance for self-delivered electric shocks. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 122–129.
- Páez-Blarrina, M., Luciano, C., Gutierrez-Martinez, O., Valdivia, S., Ortega, J. & Valverde, M. (2008). The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: Comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46, 84–97.
- Páez-Blarrina, M. B., Luciano M.C., Gutiérrez-Martínez, O., Valdivia, S., Rodriguez, M. & Ortega, J. (2008). Coping with pain in the motivational context of values: Comparison between an acceptance- based and a cognitive-control-based protocol. Behavior Modification, 32(3), 403-422.
2007
- Baruch, D.E., Kanter, J.W., Busch, A.M., Richardson, J.V. & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2007). The differential effect of instructions on dysphoric and nondysphoric persons. Psychological Record, 57(4), 543-554.
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Cochrane, A., Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Stewart, I., & Luciano, C. (2007). Experiential avoidance and aversive visual images: Response delays and event related potentials on a simple matching task. Behavior Research and Therapy, 45, 1379-1388.
Two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants high (n = 15) or low in avoidance (n = 14), as measured by the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, completed a simple matching task that required them to choose whether or not to look at an aversive visual image. Only the high-avoidance participants took longer to emit a correct response that produced an aversive rather than a neutral picture. Additionally, the high-avoiders reported greater levels of anxiety following the experiment even though they rated the aversive images as less unpleasant and less emotionally arousing than their low-avoidant counterparts. In Experiment 2, three groups, representing high- mid- and low-avoidance (n = 6 in each) repeated the matching task with the additional recording of event related potentials (ERPs). The findings replicated Experiment 1 but also showed that high-EA subjects had significantly greater negativity for electrodes over the left hemisphere relative to the midline suggesting that the high-EA group engaged in verbal strategies to regulate their emotional responses.
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Forman, E.M., Hoffman, K.L., McGrath, K.B., Herbert, J.D., Brandsma, L.L. & Lowe, M.R. (2007). A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study.Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2372-2386.
98 participants with chocolate cravings were exposed to a CBT-based protocol and an ACT-based protocol or no instructions and required to carry chocolate with them of for two days. Those more impacted by food related cues ate less and had fewer cravings in the ACT condition.
- Gratz, K.L., Bornovalova, M.A., Delany-Brumsey, A., Bettina, N. & Lejuez, C.W. (2007). A laboratory-based study of the relationship between childhood abuse and experiential avoidance among inner-city substance users: The role of emotional nonacceptance. Behavior Therapy, 38(3), 256-268.
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Kehoe, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Cochrane, A. & Stewart, I. (2007). Breaking the pain barrier: Understanding and treating human suffering. The Irish Psychologist, 33(11), 288-297
examined the impact of acceptance and defusion with a radiant heat induction.
- Kingston, J., Chadwick, P., Meron, D. & Skinner, T.C. (2007). A pilot randomized control trial investigating the effect of mindfulness practice on pain tolerance, psychological well-being, and physiological activity.Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 62, 297-300.
- Marcks, B.A. & Woods, D.W. (2007). Role of thought-related beliefs and coping strategies in the escalation of intrusive thoughts: An analog to obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2640–2651.
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Masedo, A.I. & Esteve, M.R. (2007). Effects of suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping on pain tolerance, pain intensity and distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 199-209.
A large and well-controlled randomized study that replicated Hayes, Bissett, Korn, Zettle, Rosenfarb, Cooper, & Grundt, 1999. Acceptance methods drawn from the 1999 ACT book and from the Hayes et al. 1999 pain study (the methods used included an acceptance rationale, practicing awareness of experience, the “Passengers on the Bus” exercise, and the ‘Two Scales Metaphor’) increased pain tolerance and decreased pain ratings in a cold pressor task as compared both to suppression methods (based on thought stopping) and to participants preferred method of coping (which tended to include distraction, relaxation, and keeping the hand still). The latter two conditions did not differ from each other in the main analysis.
- Roche, B., Forsyth, J.P. & Maher, E. (2007). The impact of demand characteristics on brief acceptance- and control-based interventions for pain tolerance. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 381-393.
- Salters-Pedneault, K., Gentes, E., & Roemer, L. (2007). The role of fear of emotion in distress, arousal, and cognitive interference following an emotional stimulus. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 36, 12–22.
- Tull, M.T. & Roemer, L. (2007). Emotion regulation difficulties associated with the experience of uncued panic attacks: Evidence of experiential avoidance, emotional nonacceptance, and decreased emotional clarity. Behavior Therapy, 38(4), 378-391.
- Vowles, K., McNeil, D.W., Bates, M., Gallimore, P. & McCall, C. (2007). Effects of pain acceptance and pain control strategies on physical impairment in individuals with chronic low back pain. Behavior Therapy, 38, 412-425.
- Zettle, R.D., Petersen, C.L., Hocker, T.R. & Provines, J.L. (2007). Responding to a challenging perceptual-motor task as a function of level of experiential avoidance. The Psychology Record, 57, 49-62.
2006
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Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.
Similar to the study above, brief acceptance methods led to lower heart rate during exposure to an aversive film and less negative affect during the post-film recovery period that did control strategies in individuals with anxiety and mood disorders.
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Campbell-Sills, L., Barlow, D. H., Brown, T. A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2006). Acceptability and suppression of negative emotion in anxiety and mood disorders. Emotion, 6(4), 587–595.
This study compared the responses of participants from a clinical and non-clinical sample to an emotion provoking film. The study found that participants from the clinical group spontaneously used suppression to a greater degree than non-clinical participants and that attempts at suppression were associated with greater distress.
- Cohen, G.L., Garcia, J., Apfel, N. & Master, A. (2006). Reducing the racial achievement gap: A social-psychological intervention. Science, 313, 1307-1310.
- Feldner, M.T., Hekmat, H., Zvolensky, M.J., Vowles, K.E., Secrist, Z. & Leen-Feldner, E.W. (2006). The role of experiential avoidance in acute pain tolerance: A laboratory test. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41(4), 403-411.
- Gratz, K.L., Rosenthal, M.Z., Tull, M.T., Lejuez, C.W. & Gunderson, J.G. (2006). An experimental investigation of emotion dysregulation in borderline personality disorder. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(4), 850-855.
- Keogh, E., Barlow, C., Mounce, C., & Bond, F. W. (2006). Assessing the relationship between cold pressor pain responses and dimensions of the anxiety sensitivity profile in healthy men and women. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 35(4), 198–206.
- Williams, L.M. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: An example of third-wave therapy as a treatment for Australian Vietnam War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder: Unpublished dissertation, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, New South Wales.
2005
- Creswell, J.D., Welch, W.T., Taylor, S.E., Sherman, D.K., Gruenewald, T.L. & Mann, T. (2005). Affirmation of personal values buffers neuroendocrine and psychological stress responses. Psychological Science, 16(11), 846-851.
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Keogh, E., Bond, F. W., Hanmer, R. & Tilston, J. (2005). Comparing acceptance and control-based coping instructions on the cold-pressor pain experiences of healthy men and women. European Journal of Pain, 9, 591-598.
Simple acceptance-based coping instructions improved affective pain more than distraction but only for women.
Tested acceptance- and control-based instructions in a cold pressor task. The result showed that the acceptance-based coping strategy could reduce self-reported pain, and that males and females reacted to the coping strategies differently. Females produced lower pain level following the acceptance-based strategy than males.
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Marcks, B. A. & Woods, D. W. (2005). A comparison of thought suppression to an acceptance-based technique in the management of personal intrusive thoughts: A controlled evaluation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 43, 433-445.
Two studies. Correlational study shows suppressing personally relevant intrusive thoughts is associated with more thoughts, more distress, greater urge to do something. Those who accept are less obsessional, depressed and anxious. Experimental study shows that instructions to suppress does not work and leads to increased level of distress; instructions of accept (using a couple of short metaphors drawn from the ACT book) decreases discomfort but not thought frequency.
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Zettle, R. D., Hocker, T. R., Mick, K. A., Scofield, B. E., Petersen, C. L., Hyunsung S., & Sudarijanto, R. P. (2005). Differential strategies in coping with pain as a function of level of experiential avoidance. The Psychological Record, 55(4), 511-524.
Correlational. High versus low EA participants show differences in pain tolerance and in pain coping.
2004
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Masuda, A., Hayes, S. C., Sackett, C. F., & Twohig, M. P. (2004). Cognitive defusion and self-relevant negative thoughts: Examining the impact of a ninety year old technique. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 477-485.
Shows in a series of time-series designs and a group study, that the “milk, milk, milk” defusion technique reduces distress and believability of negative self-referential thoughts.
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Gutiérrez, O., Luciano, C., Rodríguez, M., & Fink, B. C. (2004). Comparison between an acceptance-based and a cognitive-control-based protocol for coping with pain. Behavior Therapy, 35, 767-784.
Randomized study with analogue pain task showing greater tolerance for pain in the defusion and acceptance-based condition drawn from ACT as compared to a closely parallel cognitive-control based condition.
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Karekla, M., Forsyth, J. P., & Kelly, M. M. (2004). Emotional avoidance and panicogenic responding to a biological challenge procedure.Behavior Therapy, 35, 725-746.
Normal participants high or low on the AAQ were exposed to a CO2 challenge. High emotional avoiders reported more panic symptoms than low avoiders. No difference physiologically.
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Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.
Acceptance methods (drawn directly from the ACT book) did a better job than control strategies in promoting successful exposure in panic disordered patients.
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Sloan, D. M. (2004). Emotion regulation in action: Emotional reactivity in experiential avoidance. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 42, 1257-1270.
Examined the relationship between emotional reactivity (self-report and physiological reactivity) to pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral emotion-eliciting stimuli and experiential avoidance as measured by the AAQ. Sixty-two participants were separated into high and low experiential avoiders. Results indicated that high EA participants reported greater emotional experience to both unpleasant and pleasant stimuli compared to low EA participants. In contrast to their heightened reports of emotion, high EA participants displayed attenuated heart rate reactivity to the unpleasant stimuli relative to the low EA participants. Findings were interpreted as reflecting an emotion regulation attempt by high EA participants when confronted with unpleasant emotion-evocative stimuli.
- Spira, A. P., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Feldner, M. T. (2004). Avoidance-oriented coping as a predictor of anxiety-based physical stress: A test using biological challenge. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 18, 309–323.
2003
- Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wilhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3, 48–67.
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Eifert, G. H. & Heffner, M. (2003). The effects of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 293-312.
Randomized study comparing control versus acceptance during a CO2 challenge with anxious subjects. Acceptance oriented exercise (the finger trap) reduced avoidance, anxiety symptoms, and anxious cognitions as compared to breathing training.
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Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Spira, A. P. (2003). Emotional avoidance: An experimental tests of individual differences and response suppression during biological challenge. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 403-411.
High emotional avoidance subjects showed more anxiety in response to CO2, particularly when instructed to suppress their emotions.
- Hopkinson, J. & Neuringer, A. (2003). Modifying behavioral variability in moderately depressed students. Behavior Modification, 27(2), 251-264.
2002
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Takahashi, M., Muto, T., Tada, M., & Sugiyama, M. (2002). Acceptance rationale and increasing pain tolerance: Acceptance-based and FEAR-based practice. Japanese Journal of Behavior Therapy, 28, 35-46.
Small randomized trial that replicated Hayes, Bissett, Korn, Zettle, Rosenfarb, Cooper, & Grundt, 1999. An acceptance rationale plus two ACT defusion exercises (leaves on the stream and physicalizing) did significantly better than a match control focused intervention on pain tolerance, or a lecture on pain.
1999 or Before
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Hayes, S.C., Bissett, R., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I., Cooper, L., & Grundt, A. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record, 49, 33-47.
Analog study. Shows that an acceptance rationale drawn from the ACT protocol produces more pain tolerance than a pain control rationale drawn from a CBT pain management package.
Qualitative Studies
Qualitative StudiesQualitative Studies by Year (including Mixed Methods)
2014
- Bacon, T., Farhall, J., & Fossey, E. (2014). The active therapeutic processes of acceptance and commitment therapy for persistent symptoms of psychosis: Clients’ perspectives. Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy, 42(04), 402-420.
- Wardley, M. N., Flaxman, P. E., Willig, C., & Gillanders, D. (2014). ‘Feel the Feeling’: Psychological practitioners’ experience of acceptance and commitment therapy well-being training in the workplace. Journal of health psychology, 1359105314557977.
- Williams, J., Vaughan, F., Huws, J., & Hastings, R. (2014). Brain injury spousal caregivers’ experiences of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) group. Social Care and Neurodisability, 5(1), 29-40.
2013
- Barker, E., & McCracken, L. M. (2013). From traditional cognitive–behavioural therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy for chronic pain: a mixed-methods study of staff experiences of change. British Journal of Pain, 2049463713498865.
Reviews of the Empirical Literature
Reviews of the Empirical LiteratureEmpirical Reviews of ACT Data
2010
- Ruiz, F. J. (2010). A review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) empirical evidence: Correlational, experimental psychopathology, component and outcome studies. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 10, 125-162.
2008
- Öst, L. G. (2008). Efficacy of the third wave of behavioral therapies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(3), 296-321
2006
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A., and Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1-25.
Meta-analysis of ACT process evidence and ACT outcomes, current through Summer 2005.
2004
- Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Bissett, R., Luoma, J. & Guerrero, L. F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT: How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54.
Tutorial review of the ACT literature current through late 2003.
Studies Underway that We Know About
Studies Underway that We Know AboutProjects underway or recently completed that we know about
Frank Bond has completed and is writing up two replications and extensions of the Bond and Bunce 2000 study
Fredrick Livheim (livheim@hotmail.com) has conducted a randomized prevention trial with ACT in a school setting. Sigificantly better stress outcomes including at a 6 month follow up
Heather Nash who was at University of Alaska, has relocated to Las Vegas. She has a study of ACT with eating disorders using a multiple baseline
John Forsyth and Maria Karekla (University of Albany) ran a small RCT comparing an Acceptance Framed version of Panic Control Therapy vs. a "treatment as usual" version of Panic Control Therapy for persons suffering from panic disorder. The results are being written up. Persons in the ACT Framed condition were less likely to drop out of treatment just prior to interoceptive exposure compared with the TAU condition.
John Forsyth and Sean Sheppard (University at Albany) are about to submit a write up of a large RCT comparing the effectiveness of The Mindfulness & Acceptance Workbook for Anxiety in a National and International sample of people who view their anxiety and fear as a significant problem for them.
John Forsyth, Ed Hickling, Dan Silverman have conducted an effectiveness study evaluating a half day ACT workshop for people suffering from Multiple Sclerosis (MS). The study includes pre-workshop assessment and a 3 month follow-up, plus a treatment seeking MS control group that did not get the workshop. The workshop significantly reduced depression (from moderate-to-severe range to mild range), thought suppression, and pain interference on quality of life.
Similar ACT-based anxiety protocols are being tested by Jill Levitt, and by Eifert, Forsyth, & Craske
Branstetter, A., Wilson, K. G., & Mutch, D. G. (August 2003). ACT and the treatment of psychological distress among cancer patients. Paper given at the World Conference on ACT, RFT, and the New Behavioral Psychology, Linköping, Sweden. Large randomized trial showing that ACT is more helpful than traditional CBT in dealing with end stage cancer and works through a different process. Under revie
Randomized trial underway on ACT for command hallucinations in Australia. Under the direction of Fran Shawyer at the Mental Health Research Institute of Victoria. email: fshawyer@mhri.edu.au
Julieann Pankey has found that the AAQ is highly correlated with complicated grieving.
Dosheen Cook has found that the AAQ-heath relationship is the same in Asian as in Caucasian populations
Meyer, B., & Chow, L. (2003, June). Preference for experiential/mindfulness versus rational/cognitive Therapy: The role of information processing styles and sociopolitical attitudes. Poster presented at the annual convention of the Society for Psychotherapy Research. Weimar, Germany. Found that ACT was preferred by liberals … conservative preferred CBT. You can get this manuscript from b.meyer@roehampton.ac.uk
Greco, Dew, & Blomquist have a small uncontrolled pilot-feasibility study currently underway examining the impact of ACT for adolescents with chronic abdominal pain, anxiety, and depression (current enrollment = 10 teens/parents).
Greco has examined willingness and experiential avoidance among children who experience chronic abdominal pain and persistent headaches. Unpublished as of yet. After controlling for gender, age, and pain frequency, duration, and severity, higher levels of acceptance predicted life quality (Beta = .38), and experiential avoidance/fusion predicted greater use of school medical services and school restrooms during class time (Betas = .24 and .23, respectively), lower quality of life (Beta = -.49), higher anxiety (Beta = .64), and lower teacher-rated academic competence (Beta = -.29).
Greco, Dew, & Baer have a manuscript underway that presents psychometric properties of the Willingness and Action Measure (WAM), Avoidance and Fusion Questionnaire (AFQ), and Child Acceptance and Mindfulness Measure (CAMM). Findings suggest that the WAM and CAMM correlate positively with positive functioning, whereas scores on the AFQ correlate positively with physical and emotional symptoms and school disability.
Greco & Russell (2004) evaluated the short-term effects of participating in a summer camp for diabetic youth and investigated the extent to which psychological acceptance moderated children’s response to camp. Psychological acceptance (using the WAM) moderated the relation between pre- and post-camp diabetes self-care behavior, with self-care ratings increasing most when psychological acceptance was high (Beta = .24, p < .05).
Laurie Greco is testing out ACT with eating disorders
Heather Murray, James Herbert, and Evan Forman have a group ACT vs group CBT RCT for Smoking Cessation underway
Laura Ely and Kelly Wilson have a small (n = 10) open trial with college students at risk for drop out. Showed improvements on grades and on many of the subscales of the LASSI (study skills inventory) such as time management and using study aids which were never directly addressed
Claire Keogh is working on an extension of the Masuda
study on defusion. So far the data are consistent with the original.
Claire Keogh, Hilary-Anne Healy have completed a study on the utility of a defusion statement ("I am having the thought that" when presented in the context of positively and negatively evaluated self-referential statements in an automated procedure. Good data
Anne Keogh is comparing acceptance and control as interventions with experimentally induced radiant heat pain. Data is looking good for acceptance. May be a gender diff
Andy Cochrane, is looking at acceptance and a behavioral approach task relevant to spider phobia. All interventions fully automated. No data yet.
Geraldine Scanlon is working with a sample of ADHD kids on self-esteem, trying to replicate the recent study of me-good and me-bad relations published in the Record by Rhonda and Kelly.
Claire Campbell is investigating the PASAT and mirror tracing procedures for stress tolerance and applying ACT interventions to them.
Fodhla Coogan and Loretto Cunningham are looking at experimental analogues of experiential avoidance in the context of equivalence relations and aversive versus positive pictures.
Kevin Vowles and John Sorrell have been piloting a group treatment for chronic pain patients integrating the traditional educational stuff that is often part of psychological treatments for pain (e.g., meds, exercise, nutrition, sleep, communication) with ACT. The treatment consists of eight 90-minute sessions. Data so far look good
Frank Gardner at La Salle has a study being written up that shows that
1. Individuals who score high on measures of anger (STAXI) also score high on experiential avoidance and low on emotion regulation.
2. Individuals who score high on anger AND demonstrate behavioral dysregulation are likely to have a significant aversiove early life history (across multiple domains) unlike those patients with behavior dysregulation with minimal anger. These same patients score much lower on QOLI and a values assessment that we have bveen using as well.-
3. The AAQ predicts early termination from treatment (explaining 51% of the variance)... when directly targeted with a a 10 minute "psychoeducation" about experiential avoidance premature termination (69% of which occurs between intake and session 1) is reduced by 50%.
Jason Luoma at University of Nevada, Reno is conducting a randomized trial comparison an introductory 2-day workshop on ACT to the same workshop plus six sessions of phone consultation on learning ACT.
Brandon Gaudiano is conducting a pilot study of a novel psychosocial treatment integrating behavioral activation and ACT for patients with Major Depressive Disorder, severe with psychotic features.
Jen Plumb and Steven Hayes examined the relationship between personal values and depression using the PVQ (Blackledge & Ciarrochi). Found that depressed individuals were more likely to report low success at living consistently with values across domains than non-depressed individuals, and the discrepancy between values success and importance was related more strongly to psychological functioning in depressed individuals than non-depressed individuals. When depressed individuals were low on success at living consistently with their values they were more likely to endorse pliant and avoidance based reasons for choosing those values than non-depressed controls.
Jen Plumb, Mike Levin and Steven Hayes are examining the potentially motivative effects of values statements on studying behavior in college students. Two studies are underway (data collection phase). One examines self-monitoring of study behavior versus a simple values intervention in addition to self-monitoring. The other examines the differential effects of aversive values motivation (e.g., pliant, avoidant functions) as opposed to appetitive values motivation (e.g., choice, awareness of the reinforcement from living consistent with values) on studying behavior.
JoAnne Dahl and students have RCTs underway in smoking, OCD, and obesity.
JoAnne Dahl has an RCT underway with headache and one with social phobia
Julie Wetherell at UCSD and the VA there (working with Niloo Afari, who recently joined their faculty) have a paper under review comparing ACT to CBT in 100 chronic pain patients.
Nancy Kocovski, Jan Fleming, & Neil Rector (U of Toronto) have an ACT protocol (they call it Mindfulness and Acceptance-Based Group Therapy) for social anxiety that is working well and is headed toward a randomized controlled trial
Tobias Lundgren has finished an ACT RCT for adolescents diagnosed with Aspergers syndrome. The study involved a 12 week treatment program with a 2 months follow up. Significant interaction effects were found on depression, anxiety and stress scales in favor of the treatment group. Furthermore, significant interaction effects were found on attention ability and teacher ratings on troublesome behavior as compared to a waiting list.
Study underway by Andrew Gloster and colleagues at the Institute of Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy in Dresden, Germany, grant funded by the German government entitled: What Should We Do When CBT for Panic/Agoraphobia Fails: ACT! The goal is to test whether ACT can help those patients who are categorized as non-responders following an intense course of CBT.
Studies underway at the School of Psychology, University of Wollongong
1) Billich, Ciarrochi, & Deane have completed a wait-list control trial of ACT with the NSW police. The research suggests that ACT improves mental health, at least in the short run. We are writing this up for publication (This is funded by the Australian Research Council)
2) Fisher and Ciarrochi are conducting a cross-sectional study on personal values and quality of life amongst clients with Cancer. We are examining whether people have better adjustment and mental health when they tend to hold values for authentic reasons (e.g., vitality) rather than controlled reasons (e.g., external pressure), and when they tend to succeed at authentically held values.
3) Ciarrochi and Bailey (in press) have developed a new measure that is designed to aid values clarification. The measure is called the Survey of Life Principles (SLP), and is currently being evaluated in a number of studies. Stefanic and Ciarrochi are examining the psychometric properties of the SLP. Frearson & Ciarrochi are evaluating it in the context of couples satisfaction. Bayliss and Ciarrochi are evaluating it in the context of the police force.
4) Bayliss and Ciarrochi have done a small longitudinal study amongst NSW police recruits, following them from police recruit (Time 1) to one year in the police force (Time 2). Mindfulness, low experiential avoidance, and emotion identification skill were significant predictors of mental health at Time 2, even after controlling for mental health at Time 1. We are in the process of writing this up. (This is funded by the Australian Research Council)
5) We are now in the seventh year of a large longitudinal study of adolescents (now aged 17). Supavadeeprasit and Ciarrochi are preparing a manuscript that looks at experiential avoidance (in grade 8) predicting future social and emotional well-being. Jordan & Ciarrochi have also been looking at the measurement of mindfulness amongst adolescents and its ability to predict future levels of social and emotional well-being (The longitudinal study is been funded by the Australian Research Council and the National Health and Medical Research Council).
6) Ciarrochi, Lane, & Blackledge have developed an internet-based ACT intervention for people diagnosed with cancer. We are in the process of evaluating its efficacy. (This has been funded by the NSW Cancer Council).
Judith Wetherell at UCSD has a trial on ACT for geriatric GAD
Gerhard Andersson has an RCT completed on ACT for tinnitus
Chris Watson and Christine Purdon at the University of Waterloo, Canada, compared cognitive defusion (using word repetition) to imaginal exposure and no intervention in reducing the believability, distress, and meaningfulness associated with contamination-related thoughts in individuals with high levels of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Significant reductions in belief, distress, and meaningfulness were observed following defusion but not the other two conditions. At follow up both defusion and exposure produced gains. The loss of verbal meaning in defusion was associated with reductions in appraisal ratings at follow-up.
There is an RCT for lupus being done by Tomás Quirosa and Olga Gutiérrez in Almeria
Annie Umbricht at Johns Hopkins has submitted a grant on ACT and Contingency Management for substance abuse
Jan Blalock has an NIH grant for an RCT on ACT for smoking (as of 2009)
Angie Stotts is nearing completion of her RCT of ACT to help with drug detoxification. Good effect sizes ... on the edge p value wise (ah the joys of low power)
Michelle Sheets, a Ph.D. student at Hofstra University, and Yulia Landa at Cornell Medical College has a trial on ACT for delusions underway at the New York Presbyterian Hospital. Contact: yul9003@med.cornell.edu
Rhonda Merwin posted on 5/21/2014:
My colleagues (Timko, Zucker) and I have completed an open trial of adolescent anorexia nervosa (N = 47) - there were nice outcomes - remission rates were similar to Family Based Treatment (Maudsley). The preliminary paper is out- the main paper will be out soon.
My colleagues (Bigatti et al.) and I have completed an small RCT (N = 28) comparing ACT to an educational control for fibromyalgia-- data supported some unique positive outcomes for ACT. Manuscript in progress.
Jean Fournier fournier@u-paris10.fr has several studies coming on ACT for high level athletes in France
Jane Morton, Sharon Snowden, and Michelle Gopold in Melbourne have an RCT on ACT for BPD … under review right now
Michele Craske at UCLA has a couple of large ACT vs. CBT projects with anxiety disorders. The first one, with Joanna Arch as senior author, is under submission. Similar outcomes ….different in a few subgroups; different moderators and mediators
Niloofar Afair at UC San Diego / VA has a VA grant for an RCT of ACT for binge eating
Niloo is also doing a pilot study of ACT for distress and treatment decision-making in early stage prostate cancer patients.
Julie Wetherell at UC San Diego has a VA grant to do a non-inferiority trial comparing ACT in person to ACT in telehealth for chronic pain.
Additional information about research being conducted in Australia and New Zealand can be found here.
Non-Empirical Readings
Non-Empirical ReadingsThe non-empirical literature on ACT / RFT (we are listing primarily ACT work here) is large. In order to make this list easy to update it is listed by year, but do note that this puts some of the important articles in the middle.
In Press
- Wilson, K. G., & Sandoz, E. K. (in press). Mindfulness, values, and the therapeutic relationship in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In S. F. Hick & T. Bein (Eds.), Mindfulness and the therapeutic relationship. New York: Guilford Press.
2008
- Blackledge, J. T., Moran, D. J., & Ellis, A. E. (2008). Bridging the divide: Linking basic science to applied psychotherapeutic interventions - A relational frame theory account of cognitive disputation in rational emotive behavior therapy. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy.
- Pérez-Álvarez, M., García-Montes, J. M., & Perona-Garcelán, S. (2008). Changing relationships with voices: New therapeutic perspectives for treating hallucinations. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 15(2), 75-85.
- Torneke, N., Luciano, C., & Valdivia Salas, S. (2008). Rule-Governed Behavior and Psychological Problems. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 8(2), 141-156.
2007
- Blackledge, J. T. (2007). Disrupting verbal processes: Cognitive defusion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and other Mindfulness-based Psychotherapies. The Psychological Record, 57(4).
- Chowla, N., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63(9), 871–890.
- Hayes, S. C., & Plumb, J. C. (2007). Mindfulness from the Bottom Up: Providing an Inductive Framework for Understanding Mindfulness Processes and their Application to Human Suffering. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 242-248.
- Pierson, H., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). Using Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to empower the therapeutic relationship. In in P. Gilbert & R. Leahy (Eds.), The Therapeutic Relationship in Cognitive Behavior Therapy (pp. 205-228). London: Routledge
- Twohig, M. P., Moran, D. J., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). A functional contextual account of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. In D. Woods & J. Kanter (Eds.), Understanding Behavior Disorders. Reno, NV: Context Press.
- Twohig, M. P., & Hayes, S. C. (2007). Implications of verbal processes for childhood disorders: Tourette’s disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and autism. In D. Woods & J. Kanter (Eds.), Understanding Behavior Disorders. Reno, NV: Context Press.
- Vilardaga, R., Hayes, S. C., & Schelin, L. (2007). Philosophical, theoretical and empirical foundations of acceptance and commitment therapy. Anuario de psicología, 38(1), 117-128.
2006
- Bond, F. W., Hayes, S. C., & Barnes-Holmes, D. ( 2006). Psychological Flexibility, ACT and Organizational Behavior. In S. C. Hayes, F. W. Bond, D. Barnes-Holmes, & J. Austin (Eds.), Acceptance and Mindfulness at Work: Applying Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Relational Frame Theory to Organizational Behavior Management (pp. 25-54). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Press.
- Hayes, S. C. (2006). Language, self, and diversity. In J. C. Muran (Ed.), Dialogues on difference: Diversity studies of the therapeutic relationship. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
- Hayes, S. C., & Duckworth, M. P. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and traditional Cognitive Behavior Therapy approaches to pain. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 185-187.
- Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J., Bond, F., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Model, processes, and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25.
- Kanter, J. W., Baruch, D. E., & Gaynor, S. T. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy and behavioral activation for the treatment of depression: Description and comparison. The Behavior Analyst, 29, 161-185.
- Roemer, L., Salters-Pedneault, K., & Orsillo, S. M. (2006). Incorporating mindfulness and acceptance-based strategies in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. In R. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-Based Treatment Approaches: Clinician's Guide to Evidence Base and Applications (pp 52-74). New York: Academic Press.
- Shenk, C., Masuda, A., Bunting, K., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). The psychological processes underlying mindfulness: Exploring the link between Buddhism and modern contextual behavioral psychology. In D. K. Nauriyal (Ed.), Buddhist thought and applied psychology: Transcending the boundaries. London: Routledge-Curzon.
- Walser, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2006). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and trauma survivors. In V. Follette (Ed.), Trauma in context: A cognitive behavioral approach to trauma, Second Ed. New York: Guilford Press.
2005
- Bach, P. A., Gaudiano, B. A., Pankey, J., Herbert, J. D., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance, mindfulness, values, and psychosis: Applying ACT to the chronically mentally ill. In R. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based interventions: A clinician’s guide. San Diego: Elsevier.
- Baer, R. A., Fischer, S., & Huss, D. B. (2005). Mindfulness and acceptance in the treatment of disordered eating. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23(4), 281-299.
- Batten, S. V., Orsillo, S. M., & Walser, R. D. (2005). Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment. New York: Springer.
- Ciarrochi, J., Robb, H., & Godsell, C. (2005). Letting a little nonverbal air into the room: Insights from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Part 1: Philosophical and theoretical underpinnings. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23, 79-106.
- Ciarrochi, J., & Robb, H. (2005). Letting a little nonverbal air into the room: Insights from acceptance and commitment therapy: Part 2: Applications. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 23(2), 107-130.
- Dahl, J., & Lundgren, T. (2005). Behavior Analysis of Epilepsy: Conditioning mechanisms, be-havior technology and the contribution of ACT. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6(3), 191-202.
- Fletcher, L., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Relational Frame Theory, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, and a functional analytic definition of mindfulness. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy, 23(4), 315-336.
- Greco, L. A., Blackledge, J. T., Coyne, L. W., & Enreheich, J. (2005). Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches for childhood anxiety disorders: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as an Example. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and Mindfulness-Based Approaches to Anxiety: Conceptualization and Treatment. New York: Kluwer/Plenum.
- Hayes, S. C. (2005). Stability and change in Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Considering the implications of ACT and RFT. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23(2), 131-151.
- Orsillo, S. M., Roemer, L., & Holowka, D. (2005). Acceptance-based behavioral therapies for for anxiety: Using acceptance and mindfulness to enhance traditional cognitive-behavioral approaches. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance- and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment. New York: Springer
- Robb, H., & Ciarrochi, J. (2005). Some final, gulp, "words" on REBT, ACT & RFT. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 23(2), 169-173.
- Twohig, M. P., Masuda, A., Varra, A. A., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy as a treatment for anxiety disorders. In S. M. Orsillo & L. Roemer (Eds.), Acceptance and mindfulness-based approaches to anxiety: Conceptualization and treatment (pp. 101-130). New York: Kluwer/Springer-Verlag.
- Twohig, M., Pierson, H. M., & Hayes, S. C. (2005). Homework in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Chapter to appear in Kazantzis, N. & L'Abate, L. (Eds.), Handbook of homework assignments in psychotherapy: Research, practice, and prevention. New York: Springer.
- Zettle, R. D. (2005). The evolution of a contextual approach to therapy: From Comprehensive Distancing to ACT. International Journal of Behavioral and Consultation Therapy, 1, 77-89.
2004
- Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Cochrane, A., McHugh, L., & Stewart, I. (2004). Psychological Acceptance: Experimental Analyses and Theoretical Interpretations. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 517-530.
- Barnes-Holmes, D., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Hayes, S. C., & McHugh, L. (2004). Relational Frame Theory: Some Implications for Understanding and Treating Human Psychopathology. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 355-375.
- Blackledge, J. T. (2004). Functional Contextual Processes in Posttraumatic Stress. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4(3), 443-467.
- Coyne, L. W., & Wilson, K. G. (2004). The role of cognitive fusion in impaired parenting: An RFT analysis. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 469-486.
- Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the new behavior therapies: Mindfulness, acceptance and relationship. In S. C. Hayes, V. M. Follette, & M. Linehan (Eds.), Mindfulness and acceptance: Expanding the cognitive behavioral tradition (pp. 1-29). New York: Guilford.
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Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Relational Frame Theory, and the third wave of behavior therapy. Behavior Therapy, 35, 639-665.
Makes the case that ACT is part of a larger shift in the behavioral and cognitive therapies toward more contextual approaches
- Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., Bissett, R., Luoma, J., & Guerrero, L. F. (2004). DBT, FAP, and ACT: How empirically oriented are the new behavior therapy technologies? Behavior Therapy, 35, 35-54.
- Hayes, S. C. & Shenk, C. (2004).Operationalizing mindfulness without unnecessary attachments. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11, 249-254.
- Luciano, M. C., Rodríguez Valverde, M., & Gutiérrez Martínez, O. (2004). A proposal for synthesizing verbal contexts in Experiential Avoidance Disorder and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 4, 377-394.
- Wilson, K. G. & Murrell, A. R. (2004). Values work in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Setting a Course for Behavioral Treatment. In Hayes, S. C., Follette, V. M., & Linehan, M. (Eds.) Mindfulness & Acceptance: Expanding the cognitive-behavioral tradition (pp. 120-151). New York: Guilford Press.
2003
- Baer, R. A. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: a conceptual and empirical review. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, (10)2, 125-143.
- Hayes, S. C., Masuda, A., & De Mey, H. (2003). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and the third wave of behavior therapy (Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: een derde-generatie gedragstherapie). Gedragstherapie (Dutch Journal of Behavior Therapy), 2, 69-96.
- Hayes, S. C., & Pankey, J. (2003). Psychological acceptance. In W. O'Donohue, J. Fisher, & S. C. Hayes (Eds.), Cognitive-behavior therapy: Applying empirically supported techniques in your practice (pp. 4-9). New York: Wiley.
- Hayes, S. C. & Wilson, K. G. (2003). Mindfulness: Method and process. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10, 161-165.
- Pankey, J. & Hayes, S. C. (2003). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for psychosis. International Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy, 3, 311-328.
2002
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Bond, F. & Hayes, S. C. (2002). ACT at work. In F. Bond & W. Dryden (Eds.), Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Chichester, England: Wiley.
This chapter has a fairly complete treatment manual for the treatment of stress in the workplace using ACT. It was the manual for the study above.
- Hayes, S. C., (2002). Buddhism and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 58-66.
- Hayes, S. C. (2002). Acceptance, mindfulness, and science. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9 (1), 101-106.
- Hayes, S. C., Niccolls, R., Masuda, A., & Rye, A. K. (2002). Prejudice, terrorism, and behavior therapy. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 296-301.
- Hayes, S. C., & Pankey, J. (2002). Experiential Avoidance, Cognitive Fusion, and an ACT Approach to Anorexia Nervosa. Response: ACT Approach to Anorexia. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 9, 243-247.
- Hayes, S. C., Pankey, J., Gifford, E. V., Batten, S., and Quiñones, R. (2002). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of experiential avoidance disorders. In T. Patterson (Ed)., Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy, Volume 2: Cognitive / Behavioral / Functional Approaches (pp. 319-351). New York: Wiley.
- Hayes, S. C., Pankey, J., & Gregg, J. (2002). Anxiety and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. In E. A. Gosch & R. A. DiTomasso (Eds.), Comparative treatments of anxiety disorders (pp. 110-136). New York: Springer.
- Zettle, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (2002). Brief ACT treatment of depression. In F. Bond & W. Dryden (Eds.), Handbook of Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (pp. 35-54). Chichester, England: Wiley.
2001
- Blackledge, J. T. & Hayes, S. C. (2001). Emotion regulation in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57, 243-255.
- Dougher, M. J. & Hayes, S. C. (2000). Clinical behavior analysis. In M. J. Dougher (Ed.) Clinical Behavior Analysis (pp. 11-26). Reno, NV: Context Press.
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Follette, V. M., & Batten, S. V. (2000). The role of emotion in psychotherapy supervision: A contextual behavioral analysis. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 7(3), 306-312.
Describes a contextual approach to psychotherapy supervision, using a model derived from Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Functional Analytic Psychotherapy.
- Follette, W. C. and Hayes, S. C. (2000). Contemporary behavior therapy. In C. R. Snyder and R. Ingram (Eds.), The handbook of psychological change (pp. 381-408). New York: Wiley.
- Hayes, S. C. (2000). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy in the treatment of experiential avoidance disorders. Clinician’s Research Digest (Supplemental Bulletin 22, June, 1-2).
- Hayes, S. C. & Batten, S. V. (2000). A primer of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. European Psychotherapy, 1, 2-9.
- Hayes, S. C. & Bissett, R. T. (2000). Behavioral psychotherapy and the rise of clinical behavior analysis. In J. A. Austin & J. E. Carr (Eds.), Handbook of applied behavior analysis (pp. 231-245). Reno: Context Press.
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Hayes, S. C. & Gregg, J. (2000). Functional contextualism and the self. In C. Muran (Ed.), Self-relations in the psychotherapy process (pp. 291-307). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Deals with the self issue.
- Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (2000). Why it is crucial to understand thinking and feeling: An analysis and application to drug abuse. The Behavior Analyst, 23, 25-43.
- Luciano, C. & Hayes, S. C. (2001). Treating experiential avoidance. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 1, 109-157.
2000
- Pistorello, J., Follette, V. M., & Hayes, S. C. (2000). Long-term correlates of childhood sexual abuse: A radical behavioral perspective. In M. J. Dougher (Ed.) Clinical Behavior Analysis (pp.75-98). Reno, NV: Context Press.
- Wilson, K. G., & Hayes, S. C. (2000). Why it is crucial to understand thinking and feeling: an analysis and application to drug abuse. The Behavior Analyst, 23, 25-43.
- Wilson, K. G., Hayes, S. C., & Byrd, M. R. (2000). Exploring compatibilities between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and 12-Step treatment for substance abuse. Journal of Rational-Emotive and Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 18, 207-232.
1999
- Hayes, S. C., & Toarmino, D. (1999). The rise of clinical behaviour analysis. The Psychologist, 12, 505-509.
- Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. G., & Gifford, E.V. (1999). Consciousness and private events. In B. Thyer (Ed.), The philosophical legacy of behaviorism (pp. 153-187). Lancaster, UK: Kluwer.
- Wilson, K. G. & Blackledge, J. T. (1999). Recent Developments in the Behavioral Analysis of Language: Making Sense of Clinical Phenomena. In M. J. Dougher (Ed.), Clinical behavior analysis. Reno, NV: Context Press.
1998
- Friman, P. C., Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1998). Why behavior analysts should study emotion: The example of anxiety. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 31, 137-156.
- Gifford, E. V. & Hayes, S. C. (1998). Functional contextualism: A pragmatic philosophy for behavioral science. In W. O’Donohue & R. Kitchener (Eds.), Handbook of behaviorism (pp. 285-327). New York: Academic Press.
- Hayes, S. C., Gregg J., Wulfert, E. (1998). Akzeptanz- und commitment- therapie: ein radikal behavioraler ansatz. In Sulz, Serge K. D. (Ed.), Kurz psychotherapien: Wege in die zunkunft der psychotherapie. (pp.145-162) CIP-Medien: München, Germany.
- Walser, R. D. & Hayes, S. C. (1998). Acceptance and trauma survivors: Applied issues and problems. In V. Follette, J. Ruzak, & F. Abueg (Eds.), Trauma in context: A cognitive behavioral approach to trauma (pp. 256-277). New York: Guilford Press.
1997
- Hayes, S. C., & Gifford, E. V. (1997). The trouble with language: Experiential avoidance, rules, and the nature of verbal events. Psychological Science, 8, 170-173.
- Hayes, S. C., & Ju, W. (1997). The applied implications of rule-governed behavior. Chapter in W. O’Donohue (Ed.), Learning and behavior therapy (pp. 374-391). New York: Allyn & Bacon.
- Robinson, P. & Hayes, S. C. (1997). Acceptance and commitment: A model for integration. In N. A. Cummings, J. L. Cummings, & J. N. Johnson. (Eds.), Behavioral health in primary care: A guide for clinical integration (pp. 177-203). Madison, CT: Psychosocial Press.
- Wilson, K. G., Hayes, S. C., & Gifford, E. V. (1997). Cognition in behavior therapy: Agreements and differences. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 28, 53-63.
1996
- Hayes, S. C., Wilson, K. W., Gifford, E. V., Follette, V. M., & Strosahl, K. (1996). Experiential avoidance and behavioral disorders: A functional dimensional approach to diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64(6), 1152-1168.
1995
- Hayes, S. C., Follette, W. C. & Follette, V. (1995). Behavior therapy: A contextual approach. In A. S. German & S. B. Messer (Eds.), Essential psychotherapies: Theory and practice. (pp. 128-181). New York: Guilford Press.
- Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1995). The role of cognition in complex human behavior: A contextualistic perspective. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 26, 241-248.
1994
- Hayes, S. C. (1994). Content, context, and the types of psychological acceptance. Chapter in Hayes, S. C., Jacobson, N. S., Follette, V. M. & Dougher, M. J. (Eds.), Acceptance and change: Content and context in psychotherapy (pp. 13-32). Reno, NV: Context Press.
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Hayes, S. C. & Wilson, K.G. (1994). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Altering the verbal support for experiential avoidance. The Behavior Analyst, 17, 289-303.
An entry into ACT and its implications … but the ACT book is now better.
1993
- Hayes, S. C. (1993). Rule governance: basic behavioral research and applied implications. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 2, 193-197.
- Hayes, S. C., & Wilson, K. G. (1993). Some applied implications of a contemporary behavior-analytic account of verbal events. The Behavior Analyst, 16, 283-301. An entry into RFT and its implications … but the RFT book is now better.
- Kohlenberg, R., Hayes, S. C., & Tsai, M. (1993). Radical Behavioral Psychotherapy: Two contemporary examples. Clinical Psychology Review, 13, 579-592.
1992
- McCurry, S., & Hayes, S. C. (1992). Clinical and experimental perspectives on metaphorical talk. Clinical Psychology Review, 12, 763-785.
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Hayes, S. C. (1992). Verbal relations, time, and suicide. In S. C. Hayes & L. J. Hayes (Eds.), Understanding verbal relations (pp. 109-118). Reno, NV: Context Press.
More basic but another early paper putting together RFT and the theory of psychopathology that underlies ACT
- Hayes, S. C., & Hayes, L. J. (1992). Some clinical implications of contextualistic behaviorism: The example of cognition. Behavior Therapy, 23, 225-249.
1990 and earlier
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Hayes, S. C., Kohlenberg, B. S. & Melancon, S. M. (1989). Avoiding and altering rule-control as a strategy of clinical intervention. In S. C. Hayes (Ed.), Rule governed behavior: Cognition, contingencies, and instructional control. (pp. 359-385). New York: Plenum.
The first paper to try to put together RFT and ACT
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Hayes, S. C. & Melancon, S. M. (1989). Comprehensive distancing, paradox, and the treatment of emotional avoidance. In M. Ascher (Ed.), Paradoxical procedures in psychotherapy (pp. 184-218). New York: Guilford.
An early ACT chapter
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Hayes, S. C. (1987). A contextual approach to therapeutic change. In N. Jacobson (Ed.), Psychotherapists in clinical practice: Cognitive and behavioral perspectives (pp. 327-387). New York: Guilford.
The first full-length presentation of the ACT model (then known as "Comprehensive Distancing"
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Hayes, S. C. (1984). Making sense of spirituality. Behaviorism, 12, 99-110.
Sometimes it helps to see beginnings to understand what happens later. This odd little paper does that. It is a mix of philosophical moves and interests that is clearly on the way to ACT, RFT, deictic frames, a transcendent sense of self, defusion, mindfulness, contextual use of language, and other issues that are much clearer now. If you like the history of ideas and like ACT / RFT, this is a fun read.
- Zettle, R. D., & Hayes, S. C. (1982). Rule governed behavior: A potential theoretical framework for cognitive behavior therapy. In P. C. Kendall (Ed.), Advances in cognitive behavioral research and therapy (pp. 73-118). New York: Academic.
ACT Handouts (2006 - 2014)
ACT Handouts (2006 - 2014)The ACT Handouts that were released annually from 2006 - 2014. The ACT Handout contains several sections:
- How to Learn ACT
- The Values of the ACT / RFT Community
- Theoretical Articles, Review Articles, and Empirical Studies
- Books, Tapes, and DVDs
- Quick and Dirty ACT Analysis of Psychological Problems
- ACT Therapeutic Posture and ACT Therapeutic Steps
- An ACT Case Formulation Framework
- Measures (AAQ-1, AAQ-II, and ACT ADVISOR Psychological Flexibility Measure)
- Core ACT Competencies
- Examples of ACT Components
ACT Handout: A Summary of ACT and Most ACT studies (2013)
ACT Handout: A Summary of ACT and Most ACT studies (2013)The file at the bottom of the page (the ACT handout) lists most ACT publications out or in press as of Winter 2013. It also list all of the ongoing major research projects we know about.
Is Psychological Flexibility and different than self-esteem, neuroticism, etc
Is Psychological Flexibility and different than self-esteem, neuroticism, etcThe following was an elegant answer on the ACT list serve to a question in September 2016 about why psychological flexibility is an different than scores of similar concepts.
I think Frank nailed it
- S
Steven C. Hayes
The question of ‘how is psychological flexibility different from___?’ is a common and understandable one. Indeed, parsimony holds that we should not idly create new psychological constructs in our spare time, in order to further our studies or careers (but perhaps this is where I’ve gone wrong). That said, psychological flexibility (PF) is not new: it has been discussed in mainstream publications for 20 years and in more specialised ones before that; indeed, the term ‘acceptance’ has been the ‘A’ in ACT for nearly 28-30 years. On a scientific note, it is, of course, an empirical question as to whether or not PF predicts outcomes of interest (e.g., well-being, depression, productivity) better than an older construct that ‘seems like’ PF. Showing that it does is useful and worth investigating. Moreover, showing that PF predicts an outcome, whilst controlling for another similar variable is even more interesting, so I would suggest doing that in your work. Perhaps most importantly, in some regards, I think that it is useful to recall that contextual behavioural science seeks to identify variables that one can predict and influence. We know through a sufficient number of outcome studies that we can influence PF: this is why we measure it; this is why we use it in methodologies and analyse it with inferential statistics that individual difference enthusiasts normally claim as their methods of expertise. We do not really know how to use a small set of techniques to enhance self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, or reduce neuroticism. All of these variables may predict important outcomes, but, as far as I know, we cannot point to full-scale interventions, never mind a few techniques, that can reliably change them; and, even if we could, we have insufficient evidence that they actually mediate change in a psychological intervention. With PF, however, we have such evidence: this is why we wish to study it, because we can improve it. I have found that pointing this out (respectfully, of course) is useful.
Professor Frank W. Bond, PhD
Director, Institute of Management Studies
Goldsmiths, University of London
RFT Research Archives
RFT Research Archives CommunityACT Component/Micro Study Information
ACT Component/Micro Study InformationA number of studies have been conducted examining the impact of small, ACT-based interventions in lab-based settings. This page includes a list of studies with available intervention scripts or sections of articles that specifically state how the intervention was conducted. In addition, it includes scripts for studies that have not yet been completed in order to provide additional examples of the interventions that are being tested. These scripts can help inform the design of future component/micro studies as well as provide a resource for those reviewing these studies.
If there are any additional study intervention scripts that are not listed here, you can add it by creating a new page using the instructions below.
To Add Content
1. Log in to your ACBS member account (you cannot create content as a guest).
2. Find your way to this parent page.
3. Click [add child page] at bottom.
4. Provide a concise, descriptive title.
5. Either attach a text file or a link to the content.
6. Remember to click [save].
How to Do ACT Laboratory-Based Component Studies
How to Do ACT Laboratory-Based Component StudiesThis is a modified list of features that Dermot Barnes-Holmes presented at the first ACT Summer Institute in Reno in 2003. I (SCH) have added a few things as well A List of Features that ACT Laboratory-Based Component Studies and Experimental Analogs of ACT Processes Should Contain Here is a list of features that we consider to be essential for conducting top quality experimental research that is designed to model and test ACT processes in laboratory component research. There are almost certainly others and the relative emphasis that is placed on each one will vary as a function of the research question and overall design of the study.
In general remember that the purpose of laboratory-based component research is primarily theoretical, so be very clear about the ideas you are testing. If you want to see if these ideas make a practical, clinical difference, that requires clinical research. But it is better to test the clinical implications of theoretical ideas that work, so laboratory-based component research is very important as part of a broader research strategy.
Here are the design features to consider:
1. The experimenter should be blind to the intervention applied to each participant (or the procedure automated; see below).
2. The experimental conditions must balance as much as possible for all relevant attribute variables (e.g., gender, psychopathology, unless the attribute(s) is the target of the analysis).
3. The experimenter should not be personally familiar with the participants and if they are, familiarity should be balanced across conditions.
4. The different interventions should be balanced in all possible ways, except for the critical difference you are seeking to manipulate (e.g., they should be the same length; they require similar levels of engagement with the material; if exercises are used that are appropriate for both conditions, they should be used in both; working should be matched where possible; method of delivery should be identical; etc).
5. The interventions should connect directly to the experimental challenge. In a pain tolerance study, for example, each of the interventions should focus on pain not anxiety or anger etc. (unless different foci are the target of the study).
6. Points 4 and 5 should be checked and supported by independent raters.
7. Where possible and appropriate, the procedure should involve requiring participants to articulate in their own words the intervention strategy that is being provided. Ideally this should be done at regular points throughout the intervention.
8. The verbal material produced under point 7 should be checked by independent raters to determine that participant “understanding” did not differ significantly across conditions, and to ensure that the manipulation successfully altered the intended behavioral process.
9. Participants should be reminded briefly of the relevant intervention strategy before the presentation of each physical or psychological challenge (e.g., CO2 inhalation, electric shock delivery, emotionally aversive pictures or video clips, spider BAT, etc).
10. Ideally, the entire procedure, including pre-intervention baseline, intervention, and post-intervention tasks should be automated. For example, the intervention could be presented via audio or video clips and these can then be checked by independent raters. Moreover, others can then take your automated procedure and attempt to replicate in a different lab. If automation is not possible, then every session should be videotaped to check for fidelity. If only some sessions are videotaped, then the experimenter should not know which ones are being taped.
11. All participants should be asked to summarize at the very end of the experiment the strategy they employed during the study so that these can be checked by independent raters.
12. Other questions of relevance should also be asked that might alter the interpretation of results. For example the participant might be asked to rate the likability or believability of the experimenter (including any video- or audio-based material), expectations for performance on the task, relevance of intervention to "real life", etc.
13. Ideally, some form of standardized self-report or other instrument should be developed to measure the extent to which participants understand and apply specific strategies.
14. For ACT / RFT studies the design of the protocols should be tied clearly to RFT concepts. Studies should not just grab a metaphor or exercise without working through how the metaphor/exercise is predicted, theoretically, to influence the participants’ responses in your study.
15. If the study is a group design it should be adequately powered to test the key hypotheses, especially if null results are to be meaningful. For example, if an interaction is possible, each individual cell size must have a large enough N to test that interaction at an adequate level (say, power of .8 assuming a sensible effect size)
16. If mediational analyses are important, the study must be powered to test these analyses. 17. Especially if null results are predicted, make sure the actual measurement characteristics, outliers, and similar issues do not undermine the calculated power.
18. Meta-analyses of ACT micro-component studies show that in general, rationale-alone interventions are weak (and without the controls specified above they are often difficult to interpret because it is not known what participants actually did in response to the rationale). If the purpose is to examine ACT components, consider including more active and experiential elements.
19. If testing multiple ACT components, consider how to assess for changes in multiple ACT processes and whether comparison conditions should tease apart the impact of individual components.
Example Component Study Files
Example Component Study FilesAttached you will find a series of components (e.g., video, visual basic programs, instructions, etc.) used in ACT micro studies examining the role of values in performance during a cold-pressor pain tolerance task. The study from which these components come is not yet published but many similar studies have used these components in the Barnes-Holmes laboratory at NUI-Maynooth. We hope that they will prove useful to you in developing your own studies. They have been uploaded to the site as compressed zip files but they should be able to be opened easily as their individual files once downloaded.
(unpublished) Self as Context Intervention for Task Persistence
(unpublished) Self as Context Intervention for Task PersistenceWe are in the process of testing the effects of a self-as-context intervention on two measures of task persistence (breath holding and a difficult math task). We used an active control condition involving the same metaphor and exercise, but emphasizing self-as-content and emotion control strategies throughout. The results of the intervention will be analyzed soon and included on this page.
We would really appreciate any feedback regarding the intervention scripts. If you have any comments or suggestions please contact Mike Levin at levinm2@gmail.com.
Data to be presented at
Levin, M., Waltz, T.J., Yadavaia, J.E. & Hayes, S.C. (2008). Examining the effect of a self as context intervention on multiple measures of task persistence. Paper presented at the 34th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavior Analysis International, Chicago, IL.
(unpublished) Values Intervention for Study Behavior
(unpublished) Values Intervention for Study BehaviorCampbell-Sills et al., 2006
Campbell-Sills et al., 2006Campell-Sills, L., Barlow, B.H., Brown, T.A. & Hofmann, S.G. (2006). Effects of suppression and acceptance on emotional responses of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44, 1251-1263.
Abstract
The present investigation compared the subjective and physiological effects of emotional suppression and acceptance in a sample of individuals with anxiety and mood disorders. Sixty participants diagnosed with anxiety and mood disorders were randomly assigned to one of two groups. One group listened to a rationale for suppressing emotions, and the other group listened to a rationale for accepting emotions. Participants then watched an emotion-provoking film and applied the instructions. Subjective distress, heart rate, skin conductance level, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia were measured before, during, and after the film. Although both groups reported similar levels of subjective distress during the film, the acceptance group displayed less negative affect during the post-film recovery period. Furthermore, the suppression group showed increased heart rate and the acceptance group decreased heart rate in response to the film. There were no differences between the two groups in skin conductance or respiratory sinus arrhythmia. These findings are discussed in the context of the existing body of research on emotion regulation and current treatment approaches for anxiety and mood disorders.
Protocol included below
Eifert & Heffner, 2003
Eifert & Heffner, 2003Eifert, G. H. & Heffner, M. (2003). The effects of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 293-312.
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of creating an acceptance versus a control treatment context on the avoidance of aversive interoceptive stimulation. Sixty high anxiety sensitive females were exposed to two 10-min periods of 10% carbon dioxide enriched air, an anxiogenic stimulus. Before each inhalation period, participants underwent a training procedure aimed at encouraging them either to mindfully observe (acceptance context) or to control symptoms via diaphragmatic breathing (control context). A third group was given no particular training or instructions. We hypothesized that an acceptance rather than control context would be more useful in the reduction of anxious avoidance. Compared to control context and no-instruction participants, acceptance context participants were less avoidant behaviorally and reported less intense fear and cognitive symptoms and fewer catastrophic thoughts during the CO2 inhalations. We discuss the implications of our findings for an acceptance-focused vs. control-focused context when conducting clinical interventions for panic and other anxiety disorders.
The intervention protocol is included below quoted from Heffner (2000).
Feldner et al., 2003
Feldner et al., 2003Feldner, M. T., Zvolensky, M. J., Eifert, G. H., & Spira, A. P. (2003). Emotional avoidance: An experimental tests of individual differences and response suppression during biological challenge. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 41, 403-411.
Abstract
The present study examined the affective consequences of response inhibition during a state of anxietyrelated physical stress. Forty-eight non-clinical participants were selected on the basis of pre-experimental differences in emotional avoidance (high versus low) and subjected to four inhalations of 20% carbon dioxide-enriched air. Half of the participants were instructed to inhibit the challenge-induced aversive emotional state, whereas the other half was instructed to simply observe their emotional response. Participants high in emotional avoidance compared to those low in emotional avoidance responded with greater levels of anxiety and affective distress but not physiological arousal. Individuals high in emotional avoidance also reported greater levels of anxiety relative to the low emotional avoidance group when suppressing compared to observing bodily sensations. These findings are discussed in terms of the significance of emotional avoidance processes during physical stress, with implications for better understanding the nature of panic disorder.
The intervention protocol is included below quoted from Feldner (2003).
Forman et al., 2007
Forman et al., 2007Forman, E.M., Hoffman, K.L., McGrath, K.B., Herbert, J.D., Brandsma, L.L. & Lowe, M.R. (2007). A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: An analog study. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 2372-2386.
Abstract
The present study utilized an analog paradigm to investigate the effectiveness of two strategies for coping with food cravings, which was theorized to be critical to the maintenance of weight loss. Ninety-eight undergraduate students were given transparent boxes of chocolate Hershey’s Kisses and instructed to keep the chocolates with them, but not to eat them, for 48 h. Before receiving the Kisses, participants were randomized to receive either (a) no intervention, (b) instruction in control-based coping strategies such as distraction and cognitive restructuring, or (c) instruction in acceptance-based strategies such as experiential acceptance and defusion techniques. Measures included the Power of Food Scale (PFS; a measure of psychological sensitivity to the food environment), self-report ratings of chocolate cravings and surreptitiously recorded chocolate consumption. Results suggested that the effect of the intervention depended on baseline PFS levels, such that acceptance-based strategies were associated with better outcomes (cravings, consumption) among those reporting the highest susceptibility to the presence of food, but greater cravings among those who scored lowest on the PFS. It was observed that craving self-report measures predicted chocolate consumption, and baseline PFS levels predicted both cravings and consumption. Results are discussed in terms of the implications for weight loss maintenance strategies.
Protocol included below
Gutierrez et al., 2004
Gutierrez et al., 2004Gutierrez, O., Luciano, M. C., Rodríguez. M., & Fink. B. (2004). Comparison between an Acceptance-based and a Cognitive-Control-Based Protocol for coping with pain. Behavior Therapy, 35, 767-783.
Abstract
This study compares specific acceptance-based strategies and cognitive-control-based strategies for coping with experimentally induced pain. Forty participants were randomly assigned to an acceptance-based protocol (ACT), the goal of which was to disconnect pain-related thoughts and feelings from literal actions, or to a control-based protocol (CONT) that focused on changing or controlling pain-related thoughts and feelings. Participants took part in a nonsense-syllables-matching task that involved successive exposures to increasingly painful shocks. In both conditions, the task involved an overall value-oriented context that encouraged the participants to continue with the task despite the exposure to pain. At times throughout the task, participants were asked to choose to continue with the task and be shocked or stop the task and avoid being shocked. Each choice had specific costs and benefits. Participants performed the task twice, both before and after receiving the assigned experimental protocol. Two measures were obtained at pre- and post-intervention: tolerance of the shocks and self-reports of pain. ACT participants showed significantly higher tolerance to pain and lower believability of experienced pain compared to the CONT condition. Conceptual and clinical implications are discussed.
Protocol included below
Kehoe et al., 2007
Kehoe et al., 2007Kehoe, A., Barnes-Holmes, Y., Barnes-Holmes, D., Cochrane, A. & Stewart, I. (2007). Breaking the pain barrier: Understanding and treating human suffering. The Irish Psychologist, 33(11), 288-297.
This article (see link above to download) describes the intervention components in detail starting on page 292.
Keogh et al., 2005
Keogh et al., 2005Keogh, E., Bond, F. W., Hanmer, R. & Tilston, J. (2005). Comparing acceptance and control-based coping instructions on the cold-pressor pain experiences of healthy men and women. European Journal of Pain, 9, 591-598.
Abstract
The current study reflects recent developments in psychotherapy by examining the effect of acceptance-based coping instructions, when compared to the opposite, more control/distraction-based instructions, on cold-pressor pain. Since previous research indicates gender differences in how people cope with pain, we also sought to determine whether differences would be found between healthy men and women. As predicted, results indicated that women reported lower pain threshold and tolerance level than did men. Furthermore, the acceptance-based instruction resulted in lower sensory pain reports when compared to the opposite instructions. Finally, for affective pain, acceptance instructions only benefited women. These results suggest that acceptance-based coping may be particular useful in moderating the way in which individuals, especially women, cope with pain.
The intervention protocol is included below quoted from Keogh et al. (2005).
Levitt et al., 2004
Levitt et al., 2004Levitt, J. T., Brown, T. A., Orsillo, S. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2004). The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion on subjective and psychophysiological response to carbon dioxide challenge in patients with panic disorder. Behavior Therapy, 35, 747-766.
Abstract
The effects of acceptance versus suppression of emotion were examined in 60 patients with panic disorder. Prior to undergoing a 15-minute 5.5% carbon dioxide challenge, participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 conditions: a 10-minute audiotape describing 1 of 2 emotion-regulation strategies (acceptance or suppression) or a neutral narrative (control group). The acceptance group was significantly less anxious and less avoidant than the suppression or control groups in terms of subjective anxiety and willingness to participate in a second challenge, but not in terms of self-report panic symptoms or physiological measures. No differences were found between suppression and control groups on any measures. Use of suppression was related to more subjective anxiety during the challenge, and use of acceptance was related to more willingness to participate in a second challenge. The results suggest that acceptance may be a useful intervention for reducing subjective anxiety and avoidance in patients with panic disorder.
Protocol included below
Masedo & Esteve, 2007
Masedo & Esteve, 2007Masedo, A.I. & Esteve, M.R. (2007). Effects of suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping on pain tolerance, pain intensity and distress. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 199-209.
Abstract
Wegner’s Theory of Ironic Processes has been applied to study the effects of cognitive strategies to control pain. Research suggests that suppression contributes to a more distressing pain experience. Recently, the acceptance-based approach has been proposed as an alternative to cognitive control. This study assessed the tolerance time, the distress and the perceived pain intensity in three groups (suppression, acceptance and spontaneous coping groups) when the participants were exposed to a cold pressor procedure. Two hundred and nineteen undergraduates volunteered to participate. The suppression group showed the shortest tolerance time and the acceptance group showed the longest tolerance time. The acceptance group showed pain and distress immersion ratings that were significantly lower than in the other two groups, between which the differences were not significant. In the first recovery period, the suppression group showed pain and distress ratings that were higher than in the other two groups. In the second recovery period, although the acceptance group showed pain and distress ratings that were significantly lower than in the other two groups, the suppression and the spontaneous coping groups did not differ. The presence of a ‘rebound’ of physical discomfort and the effects of suppression on behavioural avoidance are discussed. These results support the acceptance approach in the management of pain.
The full intervention protocol is included below in Spanish as well as a quoted section from the article describing the intervention in English.
Páez-Blarrina et al., 2008
Páez-Blarrina et al., 2008Páez-Blarrina M., Luciano C., Gutiérrez-Martínez O, Valdivia S., Ortega J. and Rodríguez-Valverde M. (2008). The role of values with personal examples in altering the functions of pain: Comparison between acceptance-based and cognitive-control-based protocols. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46 , 84-97.
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was twofold. First, to compare the effect of establishing a motivational context of values on pain tolerance, believability, and reported pain, with three experimental conditions: pain acceptance (ACT condition), pain control (CONT condition), or no values (untrained condition). Second, the study aimed to isolate the impact of adding the corresponding coping strategies to both the ACT and the CONT conditions. Thirty adults were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions. The participants went through the pain task in two occasions (Test I and Test II). In Test I, the effects of the ACT-values protocol (which established pain as part of valued action), the CONT-values protocol (which established high pain as opposed to valued action), and the no-values protocol, were compared. In Test II, the effect of adding the corresponding coping strategy to each condition (defusion for ACT vs. suppression for CONT) was examined. Test I showed a clear superiority of the ACT-values protocol in increasing tolerance and lowering pain believability. In Test II, the superiority of the ACT protocol was replicated, while the CONT protocol proved useful to reduce reported pain, in accordance with previous studies.
Protocol included below
Roche et al., 2007
Roche et al., 2007Roche, B., Forsyth, J.P. & Maher, E. (2007). The impact of demand characteristics on brief acceptance- and control-based interventions for pain tolerance. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 14, 381-393.
Abstract
The present analog study compared the effectiveness of an acceptance- and control-based intervention on pain tolerance using a cold pressor task, and is a partial replication and extension of the Hayes, Bissett et al. (Hayes, S. C., Bissett, R.T., Korn, Z., Zettle, R. D., Rosenfarb, I. S., Cooper, L. D., & Grundt, A. M. (1999). The impact of acceptance versus control rationales on pain tolerance. The Psychological Record, 49, 33-47) study. Our aim was to test the effects of a nonspecific source of therapeutic change within the context of ACT therapy. Otherwise healthy undergraduates (N=20) were exposed to a cold pressor task before, immediately after, and 10 min following one of the two interventions. Half of the participants also were assigned to a high demand characteristic condition in which the experimenter maintained close physical proximity, eye contact, and placed subtle social pressure on participants to please the experimenter. The results showed that the most important factor influencing latency to withstand the cold pressor task was social pressure. The acceptance-based intervention was more subject to demand than the control strategy. Evaluative ratings of pain were unaffected by the demand manipulation. The current data suggest that demand characteristics can exert a significant positive impact on the outcome of therapeutic protocols. The implications of this view for acceptance- and control-based psychosocial interventions are discussed.
Intervention script quoted from article below
Vowles et al., 2007
Vowles et al., 2007Vowles, K., McNeil, D.W., Bates, M., Gallimore, P. & McCall, C. (2007). Effects of pain acceptance and pain control strategies on physical impairment in individuals with chronic low back pain. Behavior Therapy, 38, 412-425.
Abstract
Psychosocial treatments for chronic pain are effective. There is a need, however, to understand the processes involved in determining how these treatments contribute to behavior change. Control and acceptance strategies represent two potentially important processes involved in treatment, although they differ significantly in approach. Results from laboratory-based studies suggest that acceptance-oriented strategies significantly enhance pain tolerance and behavioral persistence, compared with control-oriented strategies. There is a need, however, to investigate processes of acceptance and control directly in clinical settings. The present study investigated the effects of three brief instructional sets (pain control, pain acceptance, continued practice) on demonstrated physical impairment in 74 individuals with chronic low back pain using an analogue experimental design. After controlling for baseline performance, the pain acceptance group demonstrated greater overall functioning on a set of 7 standardized physical tasks relative to the other two groups, which did not differ from one another. Further, the acceptance group exhibited a 16.3% improvement in impairment, whereas the pain control group worsened by 8.3% and the continued practice group improved by 2.5%. These results suggest that acceptance may be a key process involved in behavior change in individuals with chronic pain.
Protocol included below.
Adherence & Competence
Adherence & CompetenceIn order to publish clinical trials at a high-level, it is advisable to conduct some sort of treatment adherence procedure. This will help you and your readers see how adherent your therapists or intervention deliverers were to the manuals provided (even if you used a flexible protocol, it can illuminate how well the important processes were delivered). It is also good to include a measure of therapist/intervention deliverer competence. In many of the ACT clinical trials, researchers have assessed both.
It is virtually impossible to conduct high-quality treatment adherence and competence coding without a coding manual that describes, accurately and with sufficient detail, the constructs of interest that most individuals with sufficient training could understand.
In assessing fidelity to a treatment model, such as ACT, these can be difficult questions to develop. Therefore, we recommend utilizing manuals that have already been tested in other clinical trials. Even if some of the questions pertain to areas you did not cover in your treatment (e.g., a different presenting problem), the format of the response options and the wording of the questions can still be very helpful as you modify some of the content you will assess.
Consistent with recommendations in the literature, we recommend the following:
- Select independent raters whenever possible, meaning the coders are not the same as those who administered the intervention.
- Wherever possible, raters should be blind to treatment condition.
- We recommend creating a training scenario much like any shaping procedure wherein raters watch/listen to recordings (this means that when designing your study, you should plan to audio or video record your sessions) together and talk through decision points for each item to be coded in the segment, then rate a segment selected for training, and assess the similarity of codes, and so on until sufficient reliability is reached.
- Inter-rater reliability should be assessed throughout the training period and discrepancies discussed with a trained master rater, the intervention developer, the adherence manual developer, or some combination of those.
- For calculating inter-rater reliability, search your local library for the latest statistics articles on this topic as conventions can change. In general, Kappas can be calculated for two raters assessing dichotomous ratings (e.g., YES or NO for the presence of a variable of interest such as diagnosis). Inter-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) are calculated for continuous variables -- such as a particular process occurring on a continuum -- and can accommodate more than two raters. Selecting the two-way mixed ICC (an option within SPSS) is preferred when the raters are not randomly selected from the population of all possible raters -- which is most often the case for clinical trials research.
- The training period should last until raters reach at least .80 reliability (a convention in the literature is that reliability of .80 and higher is sufficient).
- Finally, we recommend assessing the current convention in the literature regarding the number of sessions to code for adherence and competence. In several ACT studies to date, the convention is about 20% of each therapist's sessions over the course of the study.
Click on the child pages below for sample treatment adherence and competence materials that have been used in ACT studies.
There is a publication that provides detailed suggestions for conducting adherence ratings, as well as a published manual as a starting point:
Plumb, J. C. & Vilardaga, R. (2010). Assessing treatment integrity in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy: Strategies and suggestions. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, 6, 263-295.
ACT Fidelity Measure
ACT Fidelity MeasureTerrific folks at the University of Leeds have put together the ACT Fidelity Measure (ACT-FM).
About the ACT-FM
This measure is intended to be used by clinicians who are experienced in ACT and understand the principles of the approach. It can be used to rate clinician fidelity to ACT in a variety of contexts (e.g . as a tool to evaluate your own or another clinician’s practice, or as a research tool). The items capture four key areas within ACT: Therapist Stance, Open Response Style, Aware Response Style and Engaged Response Style. These are outlined below with definitions. There are items to score the therapist’s behaviours as consistent and inconsistent with these areas. For example, within the Open Response Style section, an ACT consistent item is ‘Therapist gives the client opportunities to notice how they interact with their thoughts and/or feelings (e.g . whether avoidant or open)’ and an ACT inconsistent item is ‘Therapist encourages the client to “think positive” or to substitute negative for positive thoughts as a treatment goal’. This is because it is possible to be both ACT consistent and inconsistent within the same therapy session, which may be useful to record for research or training purposes. The consistent and inconsistent items are not opposites of each other. If rating the inconsistent items is not relevant for your purposes, then please feel free to omit these items.
The full document is attached.
ACT vs. PRT for OCD: Adherence Manuals
ACT vs. PRT for OCD: Adherence ManualsHere are the adherence manuals used in the NIMH-funded randomized trial of ACT vs. PRT (Progressive Relaxation Training) for the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (Investigators: Michael Twohig & Steven Hayes). Twohig, M.P., Hayes, S.C., Plumb, J.C., Pruitt, L.D., Collins, A.B., Hazlett-Stevens, H., & Woidneck, M.R. (2010). A randomized clinical trial of acceptance and commitment therapy vs progressive relaxation training in the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder. Manuscript under review. For questions about the use of the ACT manual, please contact Jen Plumb. For questions regarding the use of the PRT manual, please contact Holly Hazlett-Stevens at the University of Nevada Reno.
ACT with Bupropion Smoking Cessation Treatment Study: Adherence Manual
ACT with Bupropion Smoking Cessation Treatment Study: Adherence ManualBelow you will find the manual used in the NIDA-funded smoking cessation study conducted at the University of Nevada Reno. Please contact Heather Pierson for additional information about this manual.
Habit Reversal and ACT for Tic Disorders: Adherence Manual
Habit Reversal and ACT for Tic Disorders: Adherence ManualThis manual was adapted by Stephanie H. Best, MA from a line of adherence manuals used in various ACT and other studies.
Prevention Trial: ACT Adherence Manual
Prevention Trial: ACT Adherence ManualThe manual below is being used in a NIMH-funded study to prevent mental health issues in college students. It was modified by Steve Hayes.
Doing ACT Research
Doing ACT ResearchFor suggestions on doing ACT research, check out the attached talk Steve gave at the ACT SI II in Philadelphia, July 2005
- How to do Applied Research, ACT Summer Institute II (July 2005, PowerPoint file)
Predictions
PredictionsPlease add a child page describing any predictions you may have based on ACT theory. You should state the reasons for the prediction clearly.
By putting it on the page you are giving away the idea -- anyone is free to test it. However, we would ask if anyone does that, they ask the individual if they want to be acknowledged in the article that may result (not necesarily as an author, but perhaps in a footnote ... such as "The core ideas tested in this article was first suggested to us by Bessy Bluebottom, and we would like to thank her for the suggestion." Something like that.)
In the meantime, I've added a child page that simply dumps some predictions that have showed up on the website, just to get the thinking going.
A Whole Lotta Predictions
A Whole Lotta PredictionsOk, I admit it. This is a bit of a mess.
I think there are perhaps hundreds of predictions that can be made from
ACT and RFT that are reasonably novel, and the ACT and RFT books contain
dozens of them. But they have never been all pulled together; and many new ones come up
every month.
Getting these in order is a project that is going to take a long time and a lot of people.
This process ont he website will have that in shape over time but in the meantime it seemed that a quick and dirty process would be worthwhile, so I challenged the list serves. This list, raw and unfiltered, is the result. Some of these ideas are great. Some seem off. And anyone was and is allowed to play. But it seemed more important to get people thinking than to get it right if "right" meant that some "leader" says "this is right."
If you have ideas, back up to the next highest level and add a child page and put yours out there!
- S
Steve Hayes
-------------
Things from Mike Twohig
These are the places where ACT will be different than BT, CT, or CBT
in the treatment of OCD or possibly other anxiety disorders (I am
more on top of the OCD data):
1. ACT based exposure will result in a greater ability to engage in
daily activities (or have a higher quality of live score)
2. Cognitions will be less believable (greater decreases in scores
on TAF scale) in ACT
3. ACT will be more acceptable (lower drop-outs, higher scores on
acceptability measures) than traditional BT / CBT methods
4. Clients will be more willing to confront feared stimuli in ACT
5. Therapists will rate administering the ACT intervention as more
acceptable
6. ACt will get better results at FU, but not necessarily at post
7. CT/ CBT will result in greater decreases in obsession at post,
but maybe not at FU (ACT will decrease obsessions at FU, but not
necessarily at post)
8. Outcomes on the ACT side will be mediated by changes in
willingness, defusion, and ability to act in a valued direction with obsessions
9. ACT will do particularly well with really difficult cases –
possibly even ERP failures
10. Avoidance of obsessions will better predict severity of OCD than
severity of obsessions (although greater avoidance should predict
greater intensity)
-------------
I'm not sure who did these. Could be me (Steve Hayes) ... sounds familiar
Challenging dysfunctional beliefs (Crel interventions) can at times increase their functional importance
(have a Cfunc effect)
You will be able to see the entangling impact of challenging dysfunctional beliefs
at the neurobiological level (e.g., laterization; more activation of verbal areas;
more stress hormones)
Cfunc manipulations will generally have a more positive impact than Crel interventions with
chronic psychological conditions
Crel interventions will have greatest impact in unfamiliar areas (e.g., clarifying values)
than in correcting familiar ones (e.g., struggles)
Measures of the ACT model (EA, fusion, inflexibility) will mediate the relationship between most forms existing of coping
and outcomes
You will see the effect of each of the elements of the ACT model (defusion, acceptance, values etc) at the
neruobiological level
You will get greater generalization across areas of struggle through ACT methods than
you will with traditional CT/CBT methods
ACT methods combined with traditional behavioral methods will be more effective generally than these behavioral methods alone
ACT will produce better effects with more severe and treatment resistant clients than will traditional CT/CBT methods; in
general that will not be true (or as true) with low intensity cases
------------------
Elaborating relevant verbal networks will reduce the believability of problematic thoughts (e.g., delusional beliefs/irrational beliefs) more than will disputing/challenging the thoughts. (Patty Bach)
----------------
'cognitive restructuring" will be demonstrated to work (when it does), via defusion and not belief/thought modification.
Frank Gardner
----------
in prospective studies (e.g. with adolescents), measures of EA and fusion (with negative OR POSITIVE beliefs about self) will predict onset mental health problems; similarly, measures of experience of self as context/transcendental self will predict resilience to upsetting life events.
janet wingrove [janetwingrove@gmail.com]
--------------
Disruptions in a spoken sample may decrease pre-post therapy/pre-post
sessions (controlled for spoken samples w/o therapy).
Long-term decreases in ACT compared to other therapies (pre-post
therapy) may speak to a removal of a maintaining reinforcer as opposed
to a momentary disruption that might be seen in pre-post session
information.
ivancicmartin [martin.ivancic@jirdc.org]
---------------
- (I'm working on) a comparison of CBT-biopsychosocial models and ACT/RFT models with a heavy weight on differences in ecological (and clinical) validity and functional outcome. Prediction: ACT/RFT models are more ecological valid, easier to translate in clinical interventions and have a better predictive validity on functional outcome criteria (planning to make a difference in 'solid' versus 'soft' outcome criteria to review research)
Marco Kleen
Health Psychologist, Pain team Univesity Center of Rehabilitation Groningen
-------------
In end-of-the-year Jean Dixon fashion, I'll throw in a prediction:
Often therapy uses multiple exemplars to shape functional deictic framing.
Helping people frame their clinically-relevant, evaluative self-talk
occuring HERE and NOW as THERE and THEN will likely move the AAQ-2, some
measures of "pathology" and reduce defusion.
DJ Moran
------------
Some predictions I came to think of:
ACT will help individuals to develop more behavioral flexibility, which will mean:
> motor skills will be acquired faster in an ACT+instruction+exercise condition compared to an instruction+exercise condition
> motor skills will be performed more fluently and with less training in an ACT condition
> the reported diversity of emotional experience will increase
> the observed diversity of emotional expressions (e.g. measured with Ekman's FACS) will increase
> self-ratings of goal-orientation and value-orientation will show a decrease in goal-orientation and an increase in value-orientation (e.g. in disputes with others the frequency of looking at the relationship will increase while the frequency of striving to be right will decrease)
Sorry, if others already posted similar things. I did not go through all the emails of the last few days already.
Rainer Sonntag
------------
JoAnne Dahl
1. ACT short term treatment (cheaper because shorter time and less
staff needed compared to large multidisplinary staff) empowers the
individuals own motivation by means of values work and creates more
long lasting behavior change and less pliance (short term changes
that are rule governed).
2. ACT will in the short term produce lower ratings on quality of
life that will increase significantly by the one year follow-up.
Since people are so adaptable, the initial life quality ratings will
show an adaption to a low level and ACT (especailly with the values
work) works at supporting people to see the descrepancy between one's
valued living and how one actually lives today. That descrepancy can
be devasting and that shows up in the lower quality of life ratings
and it takes time to build back up a valued life if the person has
been living in experiential avoidance.
3. ACT treatment increases "acceptance" of "clean" pain
(unconditioned response of pain to aversive stimuli) as a normal and
important phenonmena to value. And distinquishes and challenges
"dirty" pain as the conditioned thoughts and avoidance behaviors it
is. In so doing, increases in acceptance will predict increase in
activity, life quality and function.
4. ACT will be more acceptable (lower drop-outs, higher scores on
acceptability measures)
5. Clients will be more willing to confront feared stimuli since they
are working in their context of values.
6. Therapists working with ACT and chronic pain will be less "burned
out" as compared to other CBT treatments because they will not have
to "coach" the clients thru exposure of feared, painful stimuli.
7. Better results at FU
8. ACT will not result in less reports of pain but in greater
acceptance and function. Acceptance will come first and mediate
greater results in quality of life and function at follow up.
9. Outcomes on the ACT side will be mediated by changes in
willingness, defusion, and ability to act with pain.
10. ACT will do well with prevention of pain and sick leave directly
at the work site and with very difficulty clients on long term sick
leave that have failed in other programs
---------------
Ken Carpenter
I think some differences may appear under the following conditions:
1. individuals on the low end of the defusion continuum (or high end of the fusion continuum) should fair better in ACT than CBT.
(ACT directly targets this behavior thus should do a better job of building it into an individual’s repertoire comapred to CBT which does not explicitly shape it, but needs it to be established in order for individuals to test the validity of their cognitions *have to step outside a thought to evaluate it).
2. Defusion in the context of acceptance should produce greater behavioral flexibility than defusion in the context of testing content. This may be testable in both in treatment outcome and analogue/lab tests in which individuals are presented with distracter stimuli in the context of completing tasks and are given different techniques to cope with what comes up. (Steve * i think some of your lab studies on coping statements in the presence of aversive stimuli are a good starting framework for developing these kind of lab based process models). I would also predict the differences between the 2 contexts (acceptance vs challenge/test) to vary along the experiential avoidance continuum- greater group difference on the upper end (greater) EA continuum.
3. I think another area (need to think through this more) is the different predictions RFT makes concerning the stimulus control of deriving relations (thus proposing a more dynamic process and situational specific relating responses) versus the more static nature of schema. I may be wrong here, but I think a successful CBT intervention would be xpected to result in the alteration of schema - thus among those who are CBT successes * would there be a stance that resurgence should not occur since the relations having been stored and static are now changed? RFT/ACT is more likely to handle/predict resurgence even among those who are treatment responders.
RFT
Responding in accordance with a coherent relational network will take less time (on average) than responding in accordance with an incoherent network (subject, of course, to the usual caveats concerning individual histories).
Another one -- Relating derived relations will produce some of the same effects that have been observed for analogical reasoning (that might be in the review piece?).
RFT models of semantic relations, analogy, executive function tasks, perspective-taking and the like should produce neural effects that overlap to some degree with the effects observed in the mainstream neuro-cog literature.
Increasing the extent, flexibility, and fluency of relational frames,
relational networks, relating relations, relating relational networks, the transformation of functions, and contextual control over each of these, should impact positively on a variety of standard measures of human language and cognition.
Things posted to the Academy list in June
New things RFT does. RFT:
Provides new ways to do language training
Has lead to a new and increasingly empirically supported psychotherapy
(ACT) and to quite number of new psychotherapy techniques
Suggests how to establish a sense of self in children
Shows some of how to train children in "theory of mind"
Gives a process account of mindfulness
Predicts how many basic cognitive skills form
Predicts new ways to increase openness to new learning
Explains some of where psychological rigidity comes from
Leads to a new model of psychopathology
Suggests some of the core skills involves in language and its subskills such as analogy and metaphor
Shows why existing information processing research in specific areas (e.g., analogy) is flawed and show how to correct that flaw
Predicts new methods how to increase some intellectual abilities
Predicts new methods for how to increase motivation verbally
Predicts some new methods to decrease motivation verbally
Has lead to new ways we might assess current cognitive relations
Explains some of why cognitive fusion emerges, why it is harmful, and what to do about it
Explains some of why experiential avoidance emerges, why it is harmful, and what to do about it
Provides unexpected predictions about neurobiological responses to specific cognitive tasks
What happens to Crel and Cfun in RFT studies when you teach folks to apply defusion during testing, and or when you teach defusion, train, and then test? I am thinking of M Dougher's recent study with > or < relations with shock. I wonder whether defusion would alter the transformation, perhaps leading subjects to not rip off the shock electrodes in the context of > relation. I wonder whether defusion would strengthen or perhaps weaken Crel and/or Cfun. My guess is that it may result in more rapid learning of Crel, but knock out Cfun. This would be cool to show. Maybe someone has done this, but if not we really should cook up some experiments along these lines.
-j forsyth
1. Additional corollary hypotheses:
(A) Speed of acquisition of AARR during an REP task (i.e., number of trials needed to respond consistently correctly) will correlate significantly and inversely with verbal IQ. (can’t recall off hand if Denis O’Hora has already tested this specifically yet).
(B) This one would be a doozie to quantify and test, but it follows from RFT: Subjects presented with a novel metaphor who generate higher numbers of apt comparisons (especially in shorter amounts of time) will perform better (i.e., will respond correctly more frequently and given less training trials) in an REP task that assesses their ability to correctly derive relations after two previously trained frames are brought into coordination.
2. Additional corollary hypotheses:
(A) AARR in fully verbal subjects will fail to occur over time within an experimental context, given a consistent lack of reinforcement for AARR and/or consistent punishment of AARR within that context.
3. Additional corollary hypotheses:
(A) The same established verbal relation (e.g., A is similar to B, which is similar to C) can be shown to accompany different functional transformations across different experimental contexts.
(B) Identical functional transformations can be shown to be achieved through the training of different verbal relations.
J T
read some RFT-research on the change of psychological function of stimulus C by putting it in relation with A-B (sexual excitement, taste preference, mood). What if C is relationally framed with 2 different classes: A-B-C, and X-Y-C. And let's say A is experienced a bit negative, and X also a bit negative. Would C become experienced more negative, than when it's framed with only one class? This might be an operationalisation of multiple small life experiences leading to a larger reaction.
De Groot, Francis [francis.de.groot@fracarita.org]
Salud Mental y Estigma desde un punto de vista contextual. Propuesta de una Escala Dimensional sobre Estigma y Salud Mental
Salud Mental y Estigma desde un punto de vista contextual. Propuesta de una Escala Dimensional sobre Estigma y Salud MentalABSTRACT
En este estudio se pretendía inicialmente conocer lo que las personas que respondieron a la encuesta opinan sobre la enfermedad mental, por medio de la “Escala de Medición de Actitudes hacia los enfermos mentales en futuros técnicos de salud” (Fernández Ríos et al. 1988). Se les preguntó, con preguntas abiertas, si la sociedad era justa y solidaria con las personas con enfermedad mental, por qué y qué harían para mejorar esa situación; además, se añadieron variables sociodemográficas y de contexto (nivel de contacto con la enfermedad mental). La encuesta se difundió entre un total de 207 personas que respondieron de manera anónima. El objetivo principal fue buscar si podían encontrarse patrones de respuesta que evidencien diferencias entre grupos según el contexto en el que se encuentran. Los resultados encontraron que existían diferencias significativas con respecto al estigma entre personas con diferentes niveles de cercanía con la enfermedad mental. Estos resultados se confirmaron en lo que manifestaron los encuestados en las preguntas abiertas. Además, se hallaron diferencias en algunos aspectos relacionados con las variables sociodemográficas. Teniendo en cuenta los resultados obtenidos nos parece muy relevante el contexto de las personas a la hora de explicar estas diferencias. Pensamos, entonces, que los programas desarrollados para modificar el estigma deberían de tener en cuenta este aspecto, no solo a la hora de diseñar estrategias, sino a la hora de comprobar los resultados de las mismas, ya que, no se busca necesariamente un cambio en la forma de pensar de las personas, sino en su manera de comportarse. Partiendo de esta información elaboramos una medida de predicción sobre la conducta de las personas en el tema del estigma hacia la enfermedad mental, por medio de la construcción de un instrumento con variables cualitativas, de contexto y una versión reducida del cuestionario original que consta de 17 ítems e incluye tres dimensiones (rechazo hacia el contacto físico, rechazo hacia el contacto social, rechazo hacia la participación).
ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was, initially, to find out what do people who completed the survey think about mental illness, through the “Escala de Medición de Actitudes hacia los enfermos mentales en futuros técnicos de salud” (Fernández Ríos et al. 1988). They were asked, with open questions, if they were living in a society that’s supportive towards people affected by mental illness; what would they do to improve this situation; as well as adding socio-demographic and contextual variables (such as the level of contact with the mental illness). The research was provided to 207 people who answered anonymously. The main purpose was to find out whether response patterns, which underline differences between groups given by the context, could have been found. The results showed that the level of stigma varied significantly depending on the closeness with the mental illness. These results were confirmed in the answers given by the surveyed to the open questions. In addition, differences between some aspects related to the socio-demographical variables were found. By analysing the obtained results, it seems that people’s context is very relevant when it comes to explain these differences. We think that the programmes developed to change the stigma should take this aspecto into consideration: not only when it’s time to plan a strategy, but also when it comes to prove the results. We are not talking about a change in the way people are thinking, we are referring to their behaviour. Starting from this information we elaborated a way to predict people's behaviour and their stigma towards those who are affected by mental illness, through a tool that contains qualitative and context variables and a limited version of the original survey (which consisted of 17 items and three dimensions: refusal towards physical contact, refusal towards social contact and refusal towards participation).