anxiety

본 연구는 발표불안이 높은 대학생들에게 수용전념 집단치료(Acceptance-Commitment Group Therapy)를 실시한 뒤 그 효과를 검증하였다. 집단치료 프로그램은 경험을 있는 그대로 관찰하고 기술하기, 생각을 대상화․객체화하기, 경험에 이름 붙이기, 평가(evaluation)와 기술(description) 구별하기, 생각을 다양하게 소리내기 등의 인지적 탈융합(Cognitive Defusion) 기법을 주로 사용하여 역기능적 인지의 영향력을 감소시킴으로써 자신이 원하는 행동을 회피하지 않고 실천할 수 있도록 구성되었으며, 총 8회기로 진행되었다. 발표불안이 높은 최종 38명(치료집단 19명, 통제집단 19명)의 대학생이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 연구결과 치료집단은 통제집단에 비해 발표불안이 유의하게 낮아졌고, 발표효능감은 유의하게 높아졌으며, 발표행동 회피는 유의하게 낮아졌다. 그러나 발표불안 사고의 빈도와 사고를 믿는 정도인 사고확신의 점수는 치료집단과 통제집단 간에 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 본 연구는 발표불안에 대한 연구가 대부분 인지행동치료적 접근으로 이루어졌고, 수용전념치료적 접근을 임상 실제에 적용한 국내 사례가 부족한 현 실정에서 발표불안이라는 증상에 맞추어 수용전념치료에 기반한 프로그램을 개발하고, 그 효과를 경험적으로 검증했다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 제한점이 논의 되었다.

This study examined the effects of acceptance-commitment group therapy on high speech anxiety for college students. Using Cognitive Defusion, the key process of acceptance and commitment therapy, the therapy was intended to encourage students not to avoid their unwanted behavior by reducing the influence of dysfunctional cognition. Total of 38 students (19 students in treatment and control groups, respectively) were participated in this study. Results of this study showed that the speech anxiety and speech avoidance behavior was more reduced for the treatment group than the control group and self-efficacy on speech was more improved for the treatment group than the control group. However, there were no significant differences in the frequency of speech anxiety thoughts and the confidence of speech anxiety thoughts between treatment and control groups. Findings in this study provide implications for availability of acceptance-commitment group therapy for college students' speech anxiety.

Full text: https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/ci/sereArticleSearch/ciSereArtiView.kci?sereArticleSearchBean.artiId=ART001745518

본 연구는 과잉호흡 도전절차에 의해 유도된 불안반응을 감소시키는데 있어 수용 대 억제처치의 효과를 검증하고, 이러한 효과가 불안민감성의 수준에 따라 달라지는 지를 탐색하고자 수행되었다. 개정된 불안민감성지표의 호흡계 감각 염려 차원 점수에 기초하여 불안민감성 고저집단에 각각 36명씩 총 72명의 대학생이 선별된 후, 각 집단별로 절반씩 수용처치 또는 억제처치조건에 무선할당 되었다. 참가자들은 각 처치조건별로 수용 또는 억제처치의 이론적 근거를 청취하였고, 각 처치 조건에 해당되는 실습단계와 과잉호흡 도전 절차를 거쳤다. 연구 결과, 주관적인 불안 평정치를 제외한 대부분의 종속 측정치들에서 억제처치보다 수용처치의 효과가 더 우수하였다. 불안반응이 주관적 평정치와 맥박으로 측정된 경우, 처치조건에 따른 불안반응 감소의 차이는 고 불안민감성 집단보다 저 불안민감성 집단에서 더 두드러졌다. 이에 대한 추가분석 결과, 처치조건 간 효과크기의 차이는 고 불안민감성 집단에 비해 저 불안민감성 집단에서 더 크게 나타났으며, 수용처치의 불안감소정도는 불안민감성 고저에 관계없이 비슷하게 우수하였는데 비해, 억제처치의 경우 고 불안민감성 집단이 저 불안민감성 집단보다 불안감소정도가 유의하게 더 컸다. 이러한 결과들은 비임상적인 대학생 표본들의 자발적인 과잉호흡에 의한 불안반응을 감소시키는데 있어 수용처치가 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 본 연구의 제한점 및 연구 결과의 의의에 관해 논의하였다.

본 연구의 목적은 성인 아토피 환자를 위한 수용-전념 집단 프로그램이 성인 아토피 피부염 환자들의 생활 스트레스, 상태 불안 및 삶의 질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 것이다. J 지역 피부과 외래환자와 광고를 통해 201명의 성인 아토피 환자들을 대상으로, 생활 스트레스 척도, 상태 불안 척도 및 피부과적 삶의 질(Skindex-29) 척도를 실시하여, 각 척도에서 상위 20%에 해당되는 피험자들(생활 스트레스, 48; 상태불안, 41; 피부과적 삶의 질, 71)을 선별하였다. 총 20명의 피험자들 중 10명은 성인 아토피 환자를 위한 수용-전념 집단 프로그램에, 나머지 10명은 대기 통제 집단에 배정 하였다. 성인 아토피 환자를 위한 수용-전념 집단 프로그램은 총 11회기로 1주 2회기씩 진행되어 총 6주 동안 실시되었고 4주 뒤에 추적 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 성인 아토피 환자를 위한 수용-전념 집단 프로그램 환자들은 생활 스트레스, 상태 불안이 유의하게 감소하였고, 피부과적 삶의 질이 유의하게 개선되었으며, 대기통제집단에서는 아무런 변화가 나타나지 않았다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 제한점 및 후속 연구를 위한 제안점이 논의되었다.

While it is widely recognized that music contributes to the health and well-being of societies, the reverse is not necessarily true. Being a professional musician is a rewarding yet challenging occupation, and the results of newer survey studies show musicians experience psychological challenges, like depression and anxiety, at much higher rates than adults in the general public.

This book introduces Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) as an intervention for addressing some of the most common problems facing student and professional musicians across the world. A broadly applicable model for behavior change, ACT can be used by professionals in both clinical and non-clinical settings with adequate training. Thus, this book is intended for musicians and practitioners from various backgrounds, including psychologists, music teachers, performance coaches, and others, who are looking for an evidence-based approach for enhancing music performance, treating performance anxiety, managing pain and recovery from injury, and coping with other issues like perfectionism, procrastination, shame, burnout and career uncertainty. Written by a clinical psychologist/performance coach and a singing teacher/vocalist in a conversational yet highly informative style, this book provides a detailed discussion of ACT and the research supporting it, and it gives step-by-step instructions for using it to treat those common problems.

INSIDE THIS BOOK YOU’LL FIND

* Practical guides on how to apply the six processes of ACT--Mindfulness, Acceptance, Defusion, Self-as-Context, Values & Committed Action--to enhance performance, overcome performance anxiety, and improve well-being

* Exercises, techniques, metaphors and worksheets you can use as a musician or a practitioner

* Exclusive interviews with leading experts in psychology and music performance about how they use ACT and similar strategies within their practice

* Foreword by renowned performance enhancement coach, Phil Towle

 

Background: A comprehensive meta-analysis quantitatively examining the effects of group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on anxiety and depressive symptoms is required to advance our understanding of its efficacy and moderating factors.

Methods: Four electronic databases were searched in August 2018. An update search was conducted in November 2021. Forty-eight randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included in this review (3292 participants: anxiety = 34 RCTs, depression = 40 RCTs).

Results: The overall effect size for anxiety symptoms was medium-to-large (g = 0.52, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.30–0.73), while the overall effect size was small-to-medium for depressive symptoms (g = 0.47, p < 0.001; 95% CI = 0.31–0.64). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that group ACT was significantly superior to non-active controls (e.g., waiting list) in reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms. Group ACT was only significantly superior to active controls (e.g., CBT) in reducing depressive symptoms. Subgroup analyses also demonstrated that the effect size can vary depending on the number of sessions provided and the primary condition of participants recruited.

Limitations: The number of studies included in each category of subgroup analyses was small and the risk of bias varied across studies. There was high heterogeneity among the included studies, and this might have affected the results.

Conclusion: The current evidence suggests that group ACT may be effective in treating anxiety and depressive symptoms, perhaps more so for depressive symptoms when compared to other well-established treatments. The intensity of treatment and the targeted population may need to be considered when delivering group ACT.

 

Anxiety disorders are one of the most prevalent diagnoses in youth, often resulting in impaired social and school functioning. Research on treatments for youth anxiety is primarily based in traditional clinical settings. However, integrating youth psychotherapies into the school environment improves access to evidence-based care. The present study is a pilot, randomized waitlist-controlled trial of a school-based, group Acceptance and Commitment Therapy–based (ACT) intervention for adolescents with anxiety. Students at two separate schools (N = 26) with elevated anxiety were randomized to a 12-week waitlist or to immediate treatment. Participants in the immediate treatment condition reported statistically significant decreases in anxiety and class absences at posttreatment and follow-up compared to the waitlist group. No statistically significant differences were found between groups for depression, psychological flexibility, positive mental health, and student well-being. However, medium within-condition effect sizes were seen in the treatment group for all outcomes. Participants reported the treatment as favorable with good acceptance ratings. Overall, this study supports ACT as a viable intervention for schools and other clinical settings providing services to adolescents with anxiety.

Background

Not all women presenting risk factors for postpartum depression (PPD) develop depressive symptoms. Research has shown that acceptance-focused processes (nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content, psychological flexibility) and self-compassion play an important protective role in the development of psychological symptoms. However, considering the perinatal period, little is known about what variables can modify the negative impact of risk.

Methods

The sample consisted of 185 postpartum women at risk of developing PPD (Postpartum Depression Predictors Inventory-Revised > 5.5). Data were collected regarding depressive (Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale) and anxiety symptoms (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II), nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content (Postnatal Negative Thoughts Questionnaire) and self-compassion (Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form).

Results

Women not presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms reported significantly higher levels of psychological flexibility, nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content and self-compassion than women presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical logistic regression showed that women with higher levels of psychological flexibility (OR = 1.06, CI: 1.01–1.12) and nonjudgmental appraisal of thought content (OR = 1.33, CI: 1.15–1.53) had a significantly higher likelihood of not presenting depressive and anxiety symptoms.

Limitations

The limitations of this study were the cross-sectional design, the use of self-report questionnaires and the self-selected bias in recruitment.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the important role of acceptance-based processes, suggesting that at-risk women who are more accepting of their private events may be more protected from developing psychological symptoms. Preventive interventions should consider the promotion of these processes to improve women's adjustment to this period.