anxiety

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on reducing anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women affected by spousal extramarital relationships.
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples affected by extramarital affairs who referred to Birjand Welfare Counseling Center in the second half of 1997. Of these, 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected through available sampling and randomly assigned to either experimental (n = 15) and control (n = 15) groups. Intervention method was based on commitment and acceptance therapy with 8 sessions of training to the experimental group and the control group received no treatment. Data were collected using the Kian et al. Traumatic Stress Questionnaire (3) and the Lovebond and Lovebond Depression Anxiety Inventory (21). Data analysis was performed using covariance
analysis.
Results: The results of the present study showed an increase in the mean scores of the variables of anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress in the experimental group at post-test compared to the intervention group (P <0.01).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective in reducing anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder in women affected by spouse trans marital relations.
 

خالصه
مقدمه:پژوهش حاضر با هدف اثربخشي درمان مبتني بر پذيرش و تعهد بر کاهش اضطراب،
افسردگي واسترس پس از سانحه زنان آسیبديده از روابط فرا زناشويي همسر انجام شد.
روش کار:پژوهش نیمه آزمايشي با طرح پیشآزمون–پسآزمون با گروهکنترل است. جامعه
آماری پژوهش را کلیه زوجین آسیبديده از روابط فرا زناشويي که در ششماهه دوم سال79به
مرکز مشاوره بهزيستي شهر بیرجند مراجعه کردند، تشكیل داد. از اينبین تعداد30نفر که شرايط
ورود به پژوهش را داشتند، به شیوه در دسترس انتخاب و به طور تصادفيبه دو گروه آزمايش (65
نفر) و کنترل (65نفر) منتسب شدند. روش اجرای مداخلهی درمان مبتني بر تعهد و پذيرش بهصورت
آموزش در8جلسه به گروه آزمايش بود و گروه گواه هیچ درماني دريافت نكردند. برای گردآوری
دادهها از پرسشنامهاسترس پس از سانحهکیان و همكاران (3)و پرسشنامه افسردگي، اضطراب
الويبوند و الويبوند (26) استفاده شد. تجزيهوتحلیل دادهها با کمک تحلیل کوواريانس انجام شد.
نتایج:نتايج مطالعه حاضر، افزايش میانگین نمرات در متغیرهای اضطراب، افسردگي واسترس پس از
سانحه را در گروه آزمايش در مرحله پسآزمون نسبت بهگروه مداخله نما نشان داد (06/0>p.)
نتیجه گیری:نتايج پژوهش بیانگر آن است که درمان مبتني بر پذيرش و تعهد بر کاهش اضطراب،
افسردگي واسترس پس از سانحه زنان آسیبديده از روابط فرا زناشويي همسر مؤثر است.
کلمات کلیدی:درمان مبتني بر پذيرش و تعهد، اضطراب، افسردگي، استرس پس از سانحه، روابط
 

Background and Objective: General anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most prevalent chronic anxiety disorders in clinical centers and general population. There are several treatment methods for this disorder that have different challenges ,for example cognitive-behavior therapy is selective treatment for anxiety disorders but it is not improvement and has not patients efficiency in general anxiety disorder. Furthermore, study on the effectiveness of new treatment called third wave that include behavioral and cognitive interventions (known as post modernism), seem necessary in treatment of general anxiety disorder. Acceptance and commitment therapy and functional analytic psychotherapy are two method from third wave that include behavioral and cognitive interventions. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to comparison of the efficacy of acceptance and commitment therapy and functional analytic psychotherapy in decrease anxiety, depression and increase psychological flexibility and communication skill in patients with general anxiety disorder.
Methods: In this study, a quasi-experimental designed with pre-posttest and a four-month follow up was used. For this purpose, 36 subjects were selected via accessible sampling from the clientele who referred to psychological clinics. They were randomly divided into three groups. Two experimental groups were, acceptance and commitment therapy (n=12) and functional analytic psychotherapy (n=12). Both groups received 10 two-hour treatment sessions once a week. Control group had 12 patients participated (waiting list). In order to assess the severity of GAD, depression, communication skill and psychological flexibility different questionnaires included: anxiety disorder questionnaire (GAD-7) (a=87%, r=76%), Beck depression inventory (BDI) (a=87%, r=74%), communication skill questionnaire (CSQ) (r=69.8%) and acceptance and action questionnaire (AAQ) (a=87%, r=80%) were used. Statistical data were analyzed from repeated measures analysis of variance and paired comparison Bonferroni.
Results: Comparison of the treatment groups suggested that there was significant difference between acceptance and commitment therapy group with waiting list group in all scales except in depression variable, but in follow up was not significant (p=0.01). In addition, there was significant difference between functional analytic psychotherapy group and waiting list group in all scales and this difference maintains in follow up (p=0.01). Comparison between experimental groups (acceptance and commitment therapy with functional analytic psychotherapy) in posttest, indicates that there was not significant difference between two groups, except in depression variable, but in follow up was not significant different between acceptance and commitment therapy and functional analytic psychotherapy in anxiety, depression, communication skill and psychological flexibility variables (p<0.01). Based on the results of this study, in posttest, functional analytic psychotherapy was more effective in decrease of depression. However, both acceptance and commitment therapy and functional analytic psychotherapy showed significant changes in general anxiety disorder symptoms.
Conclusion: Attention to efficacy of two approach (acceptance and commitment therapy, and functional analytic psychotherapy) on
improvement of patients with general anxiety disorder under basic anxiety symptoms, this research not only provided an empirical support for functional analytic psychotherapy in treatment of general anxiety disorder but also can be useful for another anxiety disorders. This study propose to combine two approach in treatment of anxiety disorder.

کیده
زمینه و هدف:اخیرا ً مداخلههای رفتاری و شنناختی«منوسنوم»حاضنر بنا هندب مقایسنۀ اثربخشنی کنرده اسنت. پنژوه ، توجنه زینادی از پژوهشنگران را بنه خنودش جلنب
رواندرمانی تحلیلی-کنارکردی (FAP) و درمنان پنذیرش و تعهند (ACT)، دو شنیوه از مداخلنههایاضنطرب، افسنردگی و افنزای سنوم در کناه رفتناری و شنناختی منو
انعطابپذیری روانشناختی و مهارت ارتباطی در اختالل اضطراب فراگیر انجام شده است.
روش بررسی:این مطالعه باشبه طرح پژوهآزمایشی با پیآزمون-پسآزمون و پیگیری بود.۳۶نفر بهگروه درما صورت تصادفی به سهن مبتنی بر پنذیرش و تعهند (1۲=n،)
رواندرمانی تحلیلی-کارکردی (1۲=n) و گروه کنترل (1۲=n) تقسیم شدند. همۀ آزمودنیها با استفاده از پرسنامههایGad-7، افسنردگی«بنک»(وینرای-II)، پنذیرش و
عمل و مهارت ارتباطی ارزیابی شدند. دادهها با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس برای اندازهگیریهای مکرر تحلیل شد.
یافتهها: نتایج تحلیل واریانس اندازهانعطاب اضطراب، افسردگی و افزای گیری مکرر، بیانگر اثربخشی هر دو مدل درمانی بر کاهپذیری روانشناختی و مهارت ارتباطی بنود
(۰٫۰۰1>p). همچنین، طبق نتایج آزمون تعقیبی، بین دو گروه درمانی درپسآزمون فقط در متغیر افسردگی تفاوت معنادار مشاهده شد (۰٫۰۰1>p.)
نتیجهگیری، حمایتی تجربی برای روان : نتایج حاصل از این پژوهدرمانی تحلیلی-کرد. کارکردی در درمان اختالل اضطراب فراگیر فراهم
کلیدواژهها:درمان پذیرش و تعهد، رواندرمانی تحلیلی-کارکردی، اختالل اضطراب فراگیر، افسردگی، انعطابپذیری روانشناختی، مهارت ارتباطی.

Background: Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a widespread disease all over the world that has caused many psychological complications such as health anxiety (HA) and low quality of life (QOL). Mindfulness-based approaches could improve these complications. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of Internet-delivered mindfulness stress reduction combined with acceptance and commitment therapy (IMSR-ACT) on QOL and HA of caregivers of patients infected by COVID-19.
Methods: In this randomized clinical trial, 72 people from Golpayegan city, Iran, who had a patient with COVID-19 in their family were selected from March to June 2020. A caregiver with a score above 27 on the Health Anxiety inventory (HAI-18) was selected using simple random sampling. Participants were assigned in the intervention or control group by permuted block random allocation. The intervention group was trained by MSR and ACT techniques for 9 weeks accomplished via WhatsApp. All participants completed the QOLQuestionnaire-12 (SF-12) items and HAI-18 before and after completing IMSR-ACT sessions. The data were analyzed through SPSS-23 software, using Chi square, independent and paired t-test, and analysis of covariance, and P-value<0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The results showed that the intervention group compared to the control group had a significant decrease in all subscales of HAI after the intervention including worry about consequences (5.78±2.66 vs. 7.37±1.34, P=0.004) and awareness of bodily sensation or changes (8.90±2.77 vs. 11.75±2.30, P=0.001), worry about health (10.94±2.38 vs. 13.09±1.92, P=0.001), and total score of HAI (25.62±4.93 vs. 32.25±3.93, P=0.001). Also, the intervention group compared to the control group had better QOL after the intervention in general health perceptions (3.03±0.96 vs. 2.43±0.95, P=0.01), mental health (7.12±2.25 vs. 6.34±1.85 and P=0.01) and mental component summary) 16.78±3.75 vs. 15.43±3.05, P=0.01), physical component summary (16.06±2.66 vs. 15.19±2.25, P=0.01), and total score of SF-12 (32.84±5.39 vs. 30.62±4.34, P=0.004).
Conclusion: Internet-delivered MSR combined with ACT could improve the HA and QOL of caregivers with patients infected by COVID-19. Thus, it can used in other similar situations for now and future. Also, it seems to be a useful approach for caregivers of the other illnesses.

Previous research has suggested that brief protocols based on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are efficacious in improving elite chess players’ performance without clinical problems. These promising results warranted the examination of the effect of longer ACT interventions with chess players suffering from emotional difficulties. This study advances in this direction by presenting two case studies of elite chess players experiencing anxiety disorders. Each participant was matched to a control participant with similar characteristics. The ACT interventions were conducted in 5 sessions and with occasional follow-ups during the following year. The primary dependent variable was an objective measure of chess performance (ELO Performance). Data analysis was conducted using the JZS+AR Bayesian hypothesis testing for single-case designs and the nonparametric Tau-U statistic. Control participants did not significantly improve their chess performance during the follow-up, but chess players who received the intervention showed significant increases in their performance. Both treated participants experienced clinically significant reductions in symptomatology and improved valued living after the intervention. This study provides empirical evidence regarding the potential benefit of applying ACT to improve chess performance in players with clinical problems 

Background: Behavioral activation (BA) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) are considered particularly useful treatments when dealing with emotional problems of cancer survivors. The efficacy of these two treatments, applied on a group basis, were evaluated and compared.

Method: An analysis was carried out of pre-post treatment changes in the emotional state and patterns of activation/avoidance of 52 cancer patients, with anxiety and/or depression, randomly assigned to three groups (BA/ACT/waiting list control).

Results: Both therapies were superior to no treatment in all the variables evaluated. Significant differences were found between the two treatments in favor of ACT in social impairment and avoidance/rumination.

Conclusions: BA and ACT, applied on a group basis, are efficacious in the treatment of those emotional difficulties most prevalent in cancer survivors. Results suggest that activation and avoidance are the mechanisms responsible for the changes.

Tratamiento de ansiedad y depresión en supervivientes de cáncer: activación conductual versus terapia de aceptación. Antecedentes: la activación conductual (AC) y la terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT) se plantean como tratamientos especialmente útiles para los problemas emocionales de los supervivientes de cáncer. Se evaluó y comparó la eficacia de ambas terapias aplicadas en formato grupal.

Método: se analizaron los cambios pre-post tratamiento en el estado emocional y los patrones de activación/evitación de 52 supervivientes de cáncer con ansiedad y/o depresión que se asignaron aleatoriamente a tres grupos (AC/ACT/control de lista de espera).

Resultados: ambas terapias fueron superiores al no tratamiento en todas las variables evaluadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos a favor de la ACT en deterioro social y evitación/rumia.

Conclusiones: la AC y la ACT, en formato grupal, son eficaces para el tratamiento de las dificultades emocionales más prevalentes en supervivientes de cáncer. Los resultados apuntan a la activación y la evitación como mecanismos responsables de los cambios.