pain

Introduction: Breast cancer affects the various aspects of mental health, aggravates mental stress, and challenges the person’s mental health because of the disturbance in the mental image of the subjects. It can also affect the mental status of these individuals. 
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to compare the efficacy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) on pain catastrophizing and the psychological well-being of patients with breast cancer.
Materials and Methods: The present quasi-experimental study used a pretest-Post-test design with the control group. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with breast cancer referring to health centers and hospitals of Babol and Babolsar in 2018. A sample of 45 people was selected by a random sampling method, and 3 groups of 15 women with breast cancer were randomly divided into ACT, SFBT, and control groups. ACT and SFBT were performed for the experimental groups and no intervention was performed in the control group. To obtain the data, the pain catastrophizing scale and psychological well-being questionnaire were used. The data were analyzed by SPSS V. 23, using the multivariate analysis of covariance test.
Results: ACT and SFBT affected the pain catastrophizing (F=47.01, P<0.001) and psychological well-being (F=79.34, P<0.001) of patients with breast cancer. The ACT was more effective than the SFBT (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Both the ACT and SFBT had a desirable effect on reducing pain catastrophizing and increasing psychological well-being in patients with breast cancer, but the ACT was more effective than the SFBT.

Objective
To report the theoretical basis and design of a novel digital Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) intervention for people with chronic pain, the Pain Tracker Self Manager (PTSM), which had promising efficacy in a recent pilot trial.

Methods
Content development by a multidisciplinary panel of experts in psychiatry, clinical psychology, nursing and social work, with feedback from a group of patients with chronic pain and their providers. Materials included paper-based sketching of a story character, visual metaphors, and a series of stories designed to deliver the theory-based components of our behavioral intervention.

Results
This development and design process resulted in 4 digitally delivered clinical modules that combine visual and verbal cues. In addition, it generated a series of novel ACT metaphors specifically tailored to patients with chronic pain: Pain: Injury vs. Threat, Life Navigation System, The Fog of Pain, and Get Rhythm. Consistent with ACT theory and the contextual behavioral science framework, PTSM utilized: perspective-taking, values clarification, acceptance strategies, and nursing and psychological care recommendations.

Discussion
Reports of the design and theoretical basis of digital health interventions are highly needed to increase the rigor of their development process and more progressively advance our body of knowledge. This pilot study developed and tested a series of ACT metaphors that can be readily used by ACT clinicians working with this population.

Conclusion
PTSM is a novel digital ACT intervention for patients with chronic pain with features directly linked to ACT processes and theory.

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Aims and background: The pain experience in people with chronic pain can effect on psychological and social aspects, also influenced. The purpose of this research was to investigate the efficacy of Acceptance and
Commitment Therapy on Feeling Hope and pain management of Women with Chronic pain.

Materials and methods: The present research was of applied research type. The research method was semi-empirical with a pretest-posttest with control group design. Populations were all women with chronic pain were referred to Gilan pain clinic and were selected through voluntary sampling method. Sample numbers were 20 Woman that gained lowest scores on Feeling Hope And pain management randomly assigned to control and experiment groups (each group included 10 Woman). The experiment group exposed to 8 instruction sessions of Acceptanceand Commitment Therapy. But the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed through descriptive statistics method and Ancova in SPSS v.20.

Findings: The multivariate covariance analysis results for Feeling Hope (F=1.14) and pain management (F=1.11) suggested that there was a significant difference between the Women of experiment and control groups (P< 0.01). According to the posttest scores of the experiment control groups for these two variables, it was recognized that the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy has led to increase in Feeling Hope and pain management among the Women of the experiment group in comparison to the control group in the posttest stage.

Conclusion: The results of this study showed that participating in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy meeting can affect promotion of Feeling Hope and pain management of Women with Chronic pain. Therefore it is possible to raise the level of Acceptance and Commitment by increasing the Feeling Hope and Upgrade pain management.