Azimifar, S., Jazayeri, R., Fatehizade, M., & Abedi, A. (2019). Studying the effects of parenting ACT on mothers ' self- efficacy regarding children externalizing behavior problems. The Journal of Family Research, 14(3), 443-457.
The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of ACT based parenting training on parental self-efficacy of mothers who have children with externalizing behavior problems. The research method was semi-experimental with pretest, post-est, follow-up design with a control group. The research population was consisted of mothers of preschoolers with externalizing behavior problems in Najafabad city of Isfahan in 1396.
Convenient sampling method was applied and 30 volunteer mothers were selected according to research criteria and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. ACT based parenting was thought to experimental group in 10 90 minute sessions, meanwhile the control group was on the waiting list. The research instrument was parental self-agency measure (PSAM). Both descriptive and inferential
statistics were used to analyze the data. The results of the repeated measures variance analysis showed that ACT parenting training significantly increased the parental self-efficacy of mothers in the experimental group compared to the control group. So, it can be concluded that acceptance and commitment based interventions were effective on enhancing the parents’ sense of competency and satisfaction about their performance towards their children.
چﻜﻴﺪه
ﻫﺪف از پژوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺑﺮرﺳﻲاﺛﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻲآﻣﻮزش ﻓﺮزﻧﺪ
پﺮوريﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲﺑﺮ پﺬﻳﺮشو ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪيواﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ
در ﻣﺎدران ِ ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت رﻓﺘﺎريﺑﺮوﻧﻲﺳﺎزيﺷﺪه
ﺑﻮد.اﻳﻦپژوﻫﺶ از ﻧﻮع ﻧﻴﻤﻪﺗﺠﺮﺑﻲﺑﺎ ﻃﺮح پﻴﺶآزﻣﻮن،
پﺲ آزﻣﻮن و پﻴگﻴﺮيﺑﺎ گﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻮد.ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ آﻣﺎري
در پژوﻫﺶﺑﺮگﻴﺮﻧﺪهﻣﺸﻜﻼت دچﺎر ِ ﻛﻮدﻛﺎن ﻣﺎدران
رﻓﺘﺎريﺑﺮوﻧﻲﺳﺎزيﺳﻨ ﺷﺪهﻴﻦپﻴﺶدﺑﺴﺘﺎن از
ﺳﺎل در اﺻ1396ﺑﻮد.
ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪگﻴﺮي ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮة در دﺳﺘﺮس اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ
ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ1
ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻲ ﻣﻬﻢ در ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد واﻟﺪﻳﻦ اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ارزﻳﺎﺑﻲ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲ ﺧﻮد در اﻳﻔﺎي ﻧﻘﺶ واﻟﺪگﺮي گﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد.واﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﺣﺴﺎس ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي ﻧﻴﺎزﻣﻨﺪ
داﻧﺶ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎت در زﻣﻴﻨﺔ روشﻫﺎي ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ از ﻛﻮدك ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ.آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﻳﻲﻫﺎي ﺧﻮد اﻋﺘﻤﺎد
ﻛﺮده و ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮدﺷﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻛﻮدك ﻣﻲگﺬارد.ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﺸﺎن داده اﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ
ﻣﺸﻜﻼت رﻓﺘﺎري ﻳﺎ رﺷﺪي ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺴﺰاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ دارد.ﺳﻄﻮح پﺎﺋﻴﻦﺗﺮ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي
ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻲﺷﻮد واﻟﺪﻳﻦ گﺮاﻳﺶ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮيﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﻴﻮهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ واﻟﺪگﺮي ﻧﺸﺎن دﻫﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ اﻳﻦ اﻣﺮ
ﺑﻪﺧﻮديﺧﻮد ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮي ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺑﺮ رﺷﺪ ﻛﻮدك گﺬاﺷﺘﻪ و ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼت رﻓﺘﺎري ﻣﻲﺷﻮد)ﺳﺮاﺑﻲ،
ﺣﺴﻦآﺑﺎدي، ﻣﺸﻬﺪي، اﺻﻐﺮيﻧﻜﺎح2
،1390.(درواﻗﻊ واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮي دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎورﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ
ﺻﺮف زﻣﺎن وﺗﻼش ﻣﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪگﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر ﻓﺮزﻧﺪاﻧﺸﺎن ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑگﺬارﻧﺪ.اﻣﺎ واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي
پﺎﺋﻴﻨﻲ دارﻧﺪ از ﻣﺸﺎرﻛﺖ و ﺑﺮﻗﺮاري ارﺗﺒﺎط ﺑﺎ ﻓﺮزﻧﺪاﻧﺸﺎن اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﻣﻲﻛﻨﻨﺪ زﻳﺮا ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺑﺎورﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻤﻲﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ
ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﺜﺒﺘﻲ ﺑﺮ رﻓﺘﺎر آﻧﻬﺎ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ)ﺑﻮرﻧﻬﺎم3
،2010.(
ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ30ﻧﻔﺮ از ﻣﺎدران داوﻃﻠﺐ پﺲ از ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ
ﻣﻼكﻫﺎي ورود ﺑﻪ پژوﻫﺶ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﺷﺪﻧﺪ و ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت
ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ در دو گﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ و ﻛﻨﺘﺮل گﻤﺎرش ﺷﺪﻧﺪ.
آﻣﻮزش ﻓﺮزﻧﺪپﺮوري ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ پﺬﻳﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﻃﻲ10
ﺟﻠﺴﺔ90دﻗﻴﻘﻪاي ﺑﺮاي گﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﻲ
ﻛﻪ گﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل در ﻟﻴﺴﺖ اﻧﺘﻈﺎر ﻗﺮار داﺷﺖ.اﺑﺰار پژوﻫﺶ
پﺮﺳﺸﻨﺎﻣﺔ ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ دوﻣﻜﺎ ﺑﻮد.ﺑﺮاي ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ
دادهﻫﺎ از آﻣﺎر ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻔﻲ و آﻣﺎر اﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻃﻲ)ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ وارﻳﺎﻧﺲ
اﻧﺪازهگﻴﺮيﻫﺎي ﻣﻜﺮر(اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ.ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ پژوﻫﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن
داد ﻛﻪ آﻣﻮزش ﻓﺮزﻧﺪپﺮوري ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ پﺬﻳﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ
ﻣﻴﺰان ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪي واﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲﻣﺎدران در گﺮوه آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ را
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ گﺮوه ﻛﻨﺘﺮل ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﻲ داري اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ داده
اﺳﺖ.ﺑﺮ اﻳﻦ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻲﺗﻮان ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ گﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺪاﺧﻼت
ﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲ ﺑﺮ پﺬﻳﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد اﺣﺴﺎس ﻛﻔﺎﻳﺖ و
رﺿﺎﻳﺖ واﻟﺪﻳﻦ از ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد ﺧﻮد در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻮدك ﻣﺆﺛﺮ
اﺳﺖ.
ﻫﺎ ﻛﻠﻴﺪواژه:ﻓﺮزﻧﺪپﺮوري،درﻣﺎنﻣﺒﺘﻨﻲﺑﺮ پﺬﻳﺮشو
ﺧﻮدﻛﺎرآﻣﺪ ﺗﻌﻬﺪ،يواﻟﺪﻳﻨﻲ،رﻓﺘﺎر ﻣﺸﻜﻼتي
ﺑ