Grey, I., McClean, B., & Barnes-Holmes, D. (2002). Staff attributions about the causes of challenging behaviours: Effects of longitudinal training in multi-element behaviour support. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 6, 297-312.
Thirty-four staff providing services to people with intellectual disabilities completed the Challenging Behaviour Attribution Scale with respect to a specific client before, during, and after completing a course in assessment and intervention for challenging behavior. Significantly more staff attributed challenging behavior to negative reinforcement and self-stimulation after training and fewer staff attributed such behavior to positive reinforcement.