Carpentier, F., Smeets, P. M., Barnes-Holmes, D., & Stewart, I. (2004). Matching derived functionally-same relations: Equivalence-equivalence and classical analogies. The Psychological Record, 54, 255-273.
The authors, researchers at Leiden University and National University of Ireland, conducted the present study by designing an equivalence-equivalence test in which the designated correct performances cannot be attributed to a process other than matching functionally-same relations. The results demonstrated that all subjects matched functionally-same equivalence relations, thus evidenced equivalence-equivalence or analogical reasoning.