Network analysis of psychological flexibility and sleep dysfunction in college students: Identifying key targets for ACT-based interventions

Although Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has demonstrated efficacy in improving sleep quality and addressing maladaptive sleep-related cognitions, the specific dimensions of psychological (in)flexibility most strongly associated with sleep-related outcomes remain unclear. This study applied network analysis to elucidate the complex relationships between sleep quality, dysfunctional sleep-related cognitions, and psychological (in)flexibility in college students, aiming to identify potential intervention targets. A sample of 1071 Chinese college students (60% female) completed a survey including the Multidimensional Psychological Flexibility Inventory Short Form (MPFI-24), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-16 (DBAS-16), and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Two complementary network analytic approaches were utilized: a Gaussian Graphical Model (GGM) to identify central and bridge nodes, and a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) to reveal plausible directional associations among core variables by detecting potential upstream nodes and directional paths. The GGM identified several core components of the network: attachment to the conceptualized self, cognitive fusion, inaction, and contact with the present moment. Experiential avoidance emerged as a pivotal bridge symptom, linking different variables clusters and potentially facilitating symptom co-occurrence. The DAG analysis revealed contact with the present moment occupied a potential upstream position, displaying direct and/or indirect directed associations with other core components identified in the GGM. Furthermore, daytime dysfunction and values were also identified as significant upstream variables. These findings suggest that contact with the present moment, values, and experiential avoidance may be candidate targets for ACT-based interventions addressing insomnia.

To find the full text version of this article and other JCBS articles (as well as download a full text pdf.), ACBS members need to login and then access the JCBS ScienceDirect homepage here. Click here if you'd like to learn more about joining ACBS.