Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science (JCBS)
Volume 28, April 2023, Pages 48-59
Authors
Agnieszka Chojak
Abstract
Introduction
Epidemiological studies among older adults have demonstrated high rates of subclinical anxiety and depression. This is accompanied by increased distress related to aging and everyday life challenges, thus affecting wellbeing and increasing the risk of developing full mental disorders. This highlights the need for psychological interventions to focus on mental health and improve wellbeing in this population in compliance with the Model for Sustainable Mental Health framework.
Methods
This study investigated the effectiveness of an acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) program through a cluster randomized controlled trial in a group of older adults in Poland. The participants lived in rural areas and small towns, with minimal or no opportunities to obtain psychological support. The total of 100 older adults were included in the study and randomized to either a 12-week ACT-based training programme or to a control group that participated in Positive Psychology Intervention (PPI).
Results
The statistical analyses showed that ACT intervention decreased psychopathological symptoms while increasing quality of life. The increases in psychological flexibility, acceptance, defusion, and present moment were statistically significant mediators in the relationship between group membership and increased quality of life. There were also significant decreases in stress, anxiety, and depression among participants exposed to the PPI component.
Discussion
The ACT intervention should help address the issues of mental health and wellbeing in older adults. The training programme increased the quality of life for participants in line with the WHO agenda concerning support for older adults, thus reflecting the conditions outlined in the Model for Sustainable Mental Health.