A specific type of arbitrarily applicable relational responding that has the defining features in some contexts of mutual entailment, combinatorial entailment, and the transformation of stimulus functions. Relational frames are due to a history of relational responding relevant to the contextual cues involved; and is not solely based on direct non-relational training with regard to the particular stimuli of interest, nor solely to nonarbitrary characteristics of either the stimuli or the relation between them. While used as a noun, it is in fact always an action and thus can be restated anytime in the form "framing events relationally." Various families of relational frames have been identified.